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Summary: Background: Green space is an important part of the human living environment, with many epidemiological studies estimating its impact on human health. However, no study has quantitatively assessed the credibility of the existing evidence, impeding their translations into policy decisions and hindering researchers from identifying new research gaps. This overview aims to evaluate and rank such evidence credibility. Methods: Following the PRISMA guideline, we systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases for systematic reviews with meta-analyses concerning green spaces and health outcomes published up to January 15, 2024. We categorized the credibility of meta-analytical evidence from interventional studies into four levels (i.e., high, moderate, low, and very low) using the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluations framework, based on five domains including risk of bias, inconsistency, indirectness, imprecision, and publication bias. Further, we recalculated all the meta-analyses from observational studies and classified evidence into five levels (i.e., convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, and non-significant) by considering stringent thresholds for P-values, sample size, robustness, heterogeneity, and testing for biases. Findings: In total, 154 meta-analysed associations (interventional = 44, observational = 110) between green spaces and health outcomes were graded. Among meta-analyses from interventional studies, zero, four (wellbeing, systolic blood pressure, negative affect, and positive affect), 20, and 20 associations between green spaces and health outcomes were graded as high, moderate, low, and very low credibility evidence, respectively. Among meta-analyses from observational studies, one (cardiovascular disease mortality), four (prevalence/incidence of diabetes mellitus, preterm birth, and small for gestational age infant, and all-cause mortality), 12, 22, and 71 associations were categorized as convincing, highly suggestive, suggestive, weak, and non-significant evidence, respectively. Interpretation: The current evidence largely confirms beneficial associations between green spaces and human health. However, only a small subset of these associations can be deemed to have a high or convincing credibility. Hence, future better designed primary studies and meta-analyses are still needed to provide higher quality evidence for informing health promotion strategies. Funding: The National Natural Science Foundation of China of China; the Guangzhou Science and Technology Program; the Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research Fund; the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong SAR; and Sino-German mobility program.

Summary: Evidence concerning PM1 exposure, maternal blood pressure (BP), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) is sparse. We evaluated the associations using 105,063 participants from a nationwide cohort. PM1 concentrations were evaluated using generalized additive model. BP was measured according to the American Heart Association recommendations. Generalized linear mixed models were used to assess the PM1-BP/HDP associations. Each 10 μg/m3 higher first-trimester PM1 was significantly associated with 1.696 mmHg and 1.056 mmHg higher first-trimester SBP and DBP, and with 11.4% higher odds for HDP, respectively. The above associations were stronger among older participants (> 35 years) or those educated longer than 17 years or those with higher household annual income (> 400,000 CNY). To conclude, first-trimester PM1 were positively associated with BP/HDP, which may be modified by maternal age, education level, and household annual income. Further research is warranted to provide more information for both health management of HDP and environmental policies enactment.

The first complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of Cinnamomum longipetiolatum was determined from Illumina HiSeq pair-end sequencing data in this study. The cpDNA is 158,603 bp in length, contains a large single copy region (LSC) of 89,386 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 18,181 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,511 bp. The genome contains 129 genes, including 84 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 37 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of the whole genome is 39.0%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 37.7%, 33.9%, and 43.0%, respectively. Further phylogenomic analysis showed that C. longipetiolatum clustered in a clade in genus Cinnamomum.

The first complete chloroplast genome (cpDNA) sequence of Caryodaphnopsis tonkinensis was determined from Illumina HiSeq pair-end sequencing data in this study. The cpDNA is 149,016 bp in length, contains a large single copy region (LSC) of 91,915 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 17,703 bp, which were separated by a pair of inverted repeats (IR) regions of 19,699 bp. The genome contains 126 genes, including 81 protein-coding genes, eight ribosomal RNA genes, and 36 transfer RNA genes. The overall GC content of the whole genome is 39.0%, and the corresponding values of the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 37.7%, 34.4%, and 44.4%, respectively. Further phylogenomic analysis showed that C. tonkinensis clustered in a clade in Lauraceae family.

Single-cell electrical properties (e.g., specific membrane capacitance (Cspecific membrane) and cytoplasm conductivity (σcytoplasm)) have been regarded as potential label-free biophysical markers for the evaluation of cellular status. However, whether there exist correlations between these biophysical markers and cellular status (e.g., membrane-associate protein expression) is still unknown. To further validate the utility of single-cell electrical properties in cell type classification, Cspecific membrane and σcytoplasm of single PC-3 cells with membrane staining and/or fixation were analyzed and compared in this study. Four subtypes of PC-3 cells were prepared: untreated PC-3 cells, PC-3 cells with anti-EpCAM staining, PC-3 cells with fixation, and fixed PC-3 cells with anti-EpCAM staining. In experiments, suspended single cells were aspirated through microfluidic constriction channels with raw impedance data quantified and translated to Cspecific membrane and σcytoplasm. As to experimental results, significant differences in Cspecific membrane were observed for both live and fixed PC-3 cells with and without membrane staining, indicating that membrane staining proteins can contribute to electrical properties of cellular membranes. In addition, a significant decrease in σcytoplasm was located for PC-3 cells with and without fixation, suggesting that cytoplasm protein crosslinking during the fixation process can alter the cytoplasm conductivity. Overall, we have demonstrated how to classify single cells based on cellular electrical properties.

This paper presents a microfluidics-based approach capable of continuously characterizing instantaneous Young’s modulus (Einstantaneous) and specific membrane capacitance (Cspecific membrane) of suspended single cells. In this method, cells were aspirated through a constriction channel while the cellular entry process into the constriction channel was recorded using a high speed camera and the impedance profiles at two frequencies (1 kHz and 100 kHz) were simultaneously measured by a lock-in amplifier. Numerical simulations were conducted to model cellular entry process into the constriction channel, focusing on two key parameters: instantaneous aspiration length (Linstantaneous) and transitional aspiration length (Ltransitional), which was further translated to Einstantaneous. An equivalent distribution circuit model for a cell travelling in the constriction channel was used to determine Cspecific membrane. A non-small-cell lung cancer cell line 95C (n = 354) was used to evaluate this technique, producing Einstantaneous of 2.96 ± 0.40 kPa and Cspecific membrane of 1.59 ± 0.28 μF/cm2. As a platform for continuous and simultaneous characterization of cellular Einstantaneous and Cspecific membrane, this approach can facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of cellular biophysical properties.