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La sequía es uno de los principales eventos asociados al cambio climático que afectan el suministro de agua y la producción de alimentos en diferentes lugares y momentos (espacio-temporales) en los Andes Tropicales Peruanos (ATP). Además, los estudios han evidenciado que la sequía está causando un enorme daño a las esferas sociales, económicas y ambientales. Por ello, la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM) ha publicado un manual de indicadores e índices de sequía con los métodos más representativos utilizados en el mundo para evaluar los eventos de sequía, pero cada índice tiene una ventaja diferente ya que la variable solicitada y el alcance son diferentes. En ese sentido, este estudio tiene como objetivo comparar el Índice Estandarizado de Precipitación (SPI) y el Índice Estandarizado de Evapotranspiración (SPEI) para la sequía agrícola bajo una consideración espacio-temporal en el ATP, Valle del Mantaro. En primer lugar, el SPI se basa en datos de precipitación, distingue efectivamente entre estaciones húmedas y secas. En segundo lugar, el SPEI toma en consideración los cambios de precipitación y temperatura, lo que conduce a una comprensión del calentamiento global. Se aplicó el SPI y el SPEI a seis estaciones meteorológicas diferentes dentro del Valle del Mantaro con datos entre 1990-2021 bajo un enfoque espacio-temporal. Los resultados muestran principalmente que, el 30% revela características de sequía. Además, el SPEI fue capaz de identificar eventos de sequía mayores en un +-3% para todas las estaciones meteorológicas y aplicando el análisis estadístico Kappa de Cohen, se puede evidenciar una concordancia sustancial pero no perfecta con un valor de no concordancia de +-40%. Finalmente, se recomienda continuar analizando las inundaciones y heladas en las últimas décadas con el propósito de comprender claramente el desarrollo climático para una toma de decisiones informada en la gestión del agua y actividades agrícolas.

The Covid pandemic has been an unprecedented event in the construction sector, which has generated a series of impacts, for which many researchers have developed studies to identify them. However, many of these studies have focused on the negative impacts and have not focused on collecting the opportunities generated. For this reason, the following study aims to identify the opportunities generated in the medium term because of the COVID-19 pandemic in construction projects, considering the case of the Peruvian construction sector. To this end, the study begins with a literature review where the main opportunities are identified, which are validated by expert judgment. In the next stage, Peruvian professionals were surveyed; the results were processed and categorized using the RII (Relative Importance Index), and finally, the results were discussed. The main opportunities generated by COVID-19 are greater emphasis on hygiene programs, the use of remote work technology, and the acceleration of digitalization in projects. This research will help professionals in the construction sector to exploit the opportunities of disruptive events like COVID-19 that may arise in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: El diagnóstico de lesiones musculares es un desafío en contextos de poco acceso a los servicios de la salud. La integración de técnicas de movimiento puede favorecer y mejorar integralmente el análisis de estas lesiones. Objetivo: Desarrollar un enfoque de procesamiento óptico y físico para el análisis de lesiones musculares en las extremidades superiores. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, exploratorio, en 7 adultos peruanos. Se realizaron maniobras para evaluar segmentos específicos del miembro superior (método convencional) y el software Skillspector para recopilar y analizar datos biomecánicos por procesamiento óptico y físico. Se compararon los 2 métodos, mediante 5 parámetros de la metodología Six Sigma. Resultados: El 71,4 % de los participantes presentaba lesiones en el antebrazo y el 42,9 % mostró un cambio significativo en la variabilidad biomecánica. El método convencional tuvo una Sigma menor (3,45) que el alternativo (5,55). A pesar de sus ventajas, la complejidad en la manipulación de datos y la susceptibilidad de variables fueron limitaciones del método alternativo durante el modelado digital del paciente. Conclusiones: El procesamiento óptico y físico con Skillspector tiene alta eficacia para analizar lesiones musculares, superior al método de maniobras biomecánicas.

Shevaristh Lloclla-Sauñe,1 Gissela Briceño-Vergel,1 Marysela Ladera-Castañeda,2 José Huamaní-Echaccaya,1 Leysi Romero-Velásquez,1 Emily Hernández-Huamaní,1 Rosa Aroste-Andía,1 Luis Cervantes-Ganoza,3 César Cayo-Rojas1 1School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Ica, Peru; 2Faculty of Dentistry and Postgraduate School, Research Team “salud Pública – Salud Integral”, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru; 3Faculty of Stomatology, Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Lima, PeruCorrespondence: César Cayo-Rojas, Address: School of Stomatology, Universidad Privada San Juan Bautista, Carretera Panamericana Sur Km. 300, La Angostura, Subtanjalla, Ica, Peru, Email cesarcayorojas@gmail.comBackground: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational intervention on oral health knowledge and bacterial plaque control in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province.Methods: This quasi-experimental study evaluated 294 male secondary school students in southern Peru. Oral health knowledge was measured with a validated 20-item questionnaire. Bacterial plaque was measured with the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S). This was rated as Excellent: 0, Good: 0.1– 1.2, Fair: 1.3– 3.0 and Poor: 3.1– 6.0, before receiving the educational intervention and after four weeks of receiving it. Variables such as age, area of residence, having health professionals as family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents were considered. A significance level of p< 0.05 was considered.Results: The comparison between the level of oral health knowledge and the OHI-S, before and after 4 weeks of receiving the educational intervention, showed a significant improvement (p< 0.05) in all the categories of the variables studied. Likewise, before the educational intervention, there were significant differences in global knowledge about oral health among the categories of the following variables: age group (p=0.040), area of residence (p< 0.001), educational level (father) (p=0.011) and living with parents (p< 0.001). However, after four weeks of receiving the educational intervention, no significant differences were observed in all the variables studied (p> 0.05). Regarding the OHI-S, no significant differences were observed in any of the variables studied, both before (p> 0.05) and after four weeks (p> 0.05) of receiving the educational intervention.Conclusion: After four weeks, the educational intervention significantly improved oral health knowledge and significantly reduced plaque bacterial plaque in male secondary school students in a Peruvian province, regardless of age, area of residence, having health professional family members, educational level of mother and father, and living with parents.Keywords: educational intervention, bacterial plaque, level of knowledge, oral health, dentistry, secondary school students, Peru

This study explores the media practices of Peruvian internet users based on their self- perceived educational level. The purpose is to provide an original theoretical perspective on the formation of media assemblages, shaped by the uses and interactions of specific social groups with media outlets. Utilizing a custom questionnaire, grounded in an updated version of the Uses and Gratifications Theory, administered to a sample (n=465) of users from various age groups and socioeconomic backgrounds, we examine the similarities and differences in these media assemblages and their impact on users' agency as critical media consumers. The results reveal that the national context, characterized by technological disparities and the COVID-19 pandemic, has influenced consumption practices. The smartphone stands out as the most widely used device, valued for its immediacy and diverse content. Both less educated and highly educated groups resort to it for information, education, and entertainment. Television also plays a significant role, serving as entertainment for older generations and a source of information for higher socioeconomic levels. The choice of streaming services among different income groups reflects the influence of connectivity and bandwidth. Information consumption is driven by curiosity, while entertainment is used for learning and following trends. Furthermore, there is little planning involved in entertainment and information consumption, although educational content is more planned among the highly educated group. This difference may be linked to access opportunities for educational materials, suggesting avenues for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Climate change is a current and globally significant issue. Many countries are working together with international agreements, developing strategies to mitigate the impacts it can generate. In Peru, public knowledge regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation measures has been a topic of great national interest but is also somewhat unknown or outdated. The aim of this study was to assess people's level of understanding regarding this subject. The methodology employed was quantitative, using surveys administered to citizens to analyze their perceptions of climate change measures. The results revealed that almost 80% of them have received information about climate change, but 95.9% think that climate change is real, so above 15% of the participants even without getting information about this global issue have a notion about it, 36.6% of the participants did not know about the Peruvian participation in the Paris Agreements as well as the Peruvian law of climate change where around 30% of surveyed are not aware of the regulation gave by Peruvian law, above of 60% of the participants did not know about Peruvian initiatives and actions linked to those measures. Lastly, above 60% of the participants think they are not involved in the adaptation and mitigation process. Also, above 90% of the participants have perceived a temperature rise. Finally, it is advisable to analyze the awareness programs implemented by the government to convey information about climate change adaptation and mitigation measures and keep studying regarding local-level climate change awareness.

This article, published in the Journal of Raptor Research, discusses the predation of a Titicaca water frog by a Mountain Caracara in Peru. The Mountain Caracara is an opportunistic predator and scavenger that typically feeds on lizards, birds, arthropods, refuse, and carrion. This observation of the caracara preying on a frog contributes to a better understanding of its food habits. The Titicaca water frog is an endangered species, and this study provides valuable insights into predator-prey interactions involving this iconic frog species in the region. [Extracted from the article]

Background Peru has reported one of the highest mortality rates from COVID-19 worldwide. The Chincha province has been one of the most affected regions in Peru and the leading promoter of the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of use and factors associated with the use of ivermectin for COVID-19 in Chincha. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 in Peru. For statistical analyses, frequencies and percentages were reported. Prevalence ratios (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a p-value of 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp) program was used for the analyses. Results A total of 432 participants were included in the study. A total of 67.6% (n = 292) of the participants used ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, 20.20% (n=59) of the people used ivermectin for prophylactic purposes only, while 41.79% (n=122) used it as treatment for COVID-19 only, and 38.01% (n=111) used it for both reasons. The consumption of ivermectin was associated with being 50 years or older (PR:1.27, 95% CI:1.04–1.54), having a technical education level (PR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01–1.34), having had symptoms of COVID-19 with negative/no diagnosis (PR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07–1.53) or positive diagnosis (PR:1.38, 95% CI:1.18–1.61), or having had contact with infected people (PR:1.45, 95% CI:1.06–1.98). Conclusions Most people in Chincha used ivermectin during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main factors associated with the use of ivermectin for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19 were age ≥50 years, having a technical education level, having had symptoms with negative/no diagnosis or positive diagnosis, and contact with people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

El Instituto Nacional de Salud, ha llevado a cabo por primera vez el proceso de identificación de Prioridades Nacionales de Investigación en Salud Bucal a cargo de la Subdirección de Investigación y Laboratorios de Enfermedades No Transmisibles del Centro Nacional de Salud Pública con la asesoría técnica de la Dirección de Investigación e Innovación en Salud y en coordinación con la Dirección Ejecutiva de Salud Bucal de la Dirección General de Intervenciones Estratégicas en Salud Pública del Ministerio de Salud mediante metodología participativa de tres actores claves: investigadores/especialistas, expertos y decisores. El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso seguido para la identificación de estas prioridades, el cual comprendió cinco fases: i) identificación de objetivos estratégicos del MINSA, ii) identificación de necesidades de investigación en salud bucal, iii) revisión por expertos y valoración de las necesidades según criterios, iv) priorización (valoración de la lista de prioridades según calificación) y v) presentación de las prioridades. Como resultado se obtuvieron las 12 prioridades que posteriormente fueron aprobadas por Resolución Ministerial N.° 262-2022/MINSA, con un periodo de vigencia 2022–2026. Además, se brindaron recomendaciones para futuros procesos.

Background Peru has reported one of the highest mortality rates from COVID-19 worldwide. The Chincha province has been one of the most affected regions in Peru and the leading promoter of the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of use and factors associated with the use of ivermectin for COVID-19 in Chincha. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 in Peru. For statistical analyses, frequencies and percentages were reported. Prevalence ratios (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a p-value of 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp) program was used for the analyses. Results A total of 432 participants were included in the study. A total of 67.6% (n = 292) of the participants used ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, 20.20% (n=59) of the people used ivermectin for prophylactic purposes only, while 41.79% (n=122) used it as treatment for COVID-19 only, and 38.01% (n=111) used it for both reasons. The consumption of ivermectin was associated with being 50 years or older (PR:1.27, 95% CI:1.04–1.54), having a technical education level (PR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01–1.34), having had symptoms of COVID-19 with negative/no diagnosis (PR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07–1.53) or positive diagnosis (PR:1.38, 95% CI:1.18–1.61), or having had contact with infected people (PR:1.45, 95% CI:1.06–1.98). Conclusions Most people in Chincha used ivermectin during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main factors associated with the use of ivermectin for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19 were age ≥50 years, having a technical education level, having had symptoms with negative/no diagnosis or positive diagnosis, and contact with people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Objective: To evaluate the association of comprehensive assessment scores with mortality in geriatric patients of a national reference hospital in Peru. The study: A prospective cohort study was conducted. Patients over 60 years of age were included during the period from November 1, 2021 to June 30, 2022. The data was collected from the clinical history. SOFA, KATZ, FAST and Charlson Index scores were included to evaluate the association with mortality. Findings: 93 participants were found. The prevalence of mortality was 32.3%. In the simple regression, an association was observed between SOFA score greater than or equal to 12 (RR:15.3), FAST score (RR:2.29) and the Charlson index (RR:2.46) with intrahospital mortality. In the multiple regression adjusted for age and sex, only the SOFA score maintained statistical significance (RR: 13.42 p<0.001). Conclusion: The SOFA score has a strong association with in-hospital mortality in geriatric patients admitted to an intensive care unit in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 has had a negative and significant impact on global health systems, threatening the necessary blood supply for clinical transfusions. Objective: To describe the causes of rejection of blood donors during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional and retrospective study was carried out in a population of donors who attended the Blood Bank of Ramiro Prialé Prialé National Hospital, in Huancayo, Peru, from July, 2020 to the same month, 2022. The analyzed variables were sex, the ABO blood group, Rh factor and types and causes of rejection. Results: Of total of 10 177 blood donors, 3390 (33.3%) were differed and excluded; the most frequent cause of differing was the low hematocrit (18.0%) and the most frequent cause of exclusion was antibody to hepatitis B core antigen positivity (36.8%). Likewise, male sex predominated among those who were rejected (55.2%) and an increment of the polytomous tendency was evidenced in differed (R²=0.2214) and excluded donors (R²=0.1178). Conclusions: The prevalence of differing and exclusion in blood donors was relatively high compared to that reported in other studies, which was mainly due, in each respective case, to the low hematocrit and the presence of antibody to hepatitis B core antigen.

Introduction: The characteristics of blood donors may vary between hemotherapy centers and may be related to the seropositivity of infectious markers. Objective: To related the seropositivity of infectious markers with the demographic factors of Peruvian blood donors. Methods: Observational in the blood banks of the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia and the Instituto Nacional Materno Perinatal during 2019. The population consisted of 11,936 donors who were screened for the seven infectious agents according to the National Hemotherapy and Blood Bank Program. Pearson's correlation test was used to determine the association between demographic variables and infectious markers. Results: Of the total, 8,449 (70.8%) were male and the age group from 35 to 55 years was the most frequent in both hospitals (~ 44.5%). Most donors came from the coast (4,944; 41.4 %), although at the Cayetano Heredia National Hospital, there were 734 (8.9%) from the jungle. Seropositivity was 507 (4.25%) donations, then most frequent was Hepatitis B virus core antigen, antibodies against human T-cell lymphotropic virus 1-2, and syphilis, with 51.2%, 16.8%, and 14.9%, respectively. Seropositivity of infectious markers was associated with demographic factors such as age, gender, and place of origin (p< 0.05). Conclusions: There is a relationship between demographic factors with the seropositivity of infectious markers in Peruvian donors.

Copyright of Revista Espanola de Antropologia Americana is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Peru has reported one of the highest mortality rates from COVID-19 worldwide. The Chincha province has been one of the most affected regions in Peru and the leading promoter of the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of use and factors associated with the use of ivermectin for COVID-19 in Chincha. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 in Peru. For statistical analyses, frequencies and percentages were reported. Prevalence ratios (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a p-value of 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp) program was used for the analyses. Results: A total of 432 participants were included in the study. A total of 67.6% (n = 292) of the participants used ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, 20.20% (n=59) of the people used ivermectin for prophylactic purposes only, while 41.79% (n=122) used it as treatment for COVID-19 only, and 38.01% (n=111) used it for both reasons. The consumption of ivermectin was associated with being 50 years or older (PR:1.27, 95% CI:1.04–1.54), having a technical education level (PR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01–1.34), having had symptoms of COVID-19 with negative/no diagnosis (PR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07–1.53) or positive diagnosis (PR:1.38, 95% CI:1.18–1.61), or having had contact with infected people (PR:1.45, 95% CI:1.06–1.98). Conclusions: Most people in Chincha used ivermectin during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main factors associated with the use of ivermectin for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19 were age ≥50 years, having a technical education level, having had symptoms with negative/no diagnosis or positive diagnosis, and contact with people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Records about morphological abnormalities in rays of the genus Myliobatis are scarce worldwide. In the present study, three specimens exhibiting different malformations were identified during the monitoring of the reproductive biology of the Chilean eagle ray Myliobatis chilensis, conducted from 2017 to 2018 in the fishing port of Salaverry (northern Peru). The identified specimens included: (i) a female with split pectoral fins, (ii) a male with an unfused-to-the-head pectoral fin, and (iii) a female with a short and thick tail. Here we report and discuss the implications and likely causes of these first three cases of morphological abnormalities in M. chilensis from the western Pacific.

Willy Ramos,1,2 Alex G Ortega-Loayza,3 Jesús Díaz,4 Jhony A De La Cruz-Vargas,1 Mercedes Tello,5 Gerardo Ronceros,2 Manuel Loayza,1 Ericson L Gutierrez1 1Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Lima, Peru; 2Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; 3Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA; 4Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo, Chiclayo, Peru; 5Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, PeruCorrespondence: Ericson L Gutierrez, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias Biomédicas (INICIB), Universidad Ricardo Palma, Av. Alfredo Benavides 5440, Santiago de Surco, Lima, 15039, Peru, Email eringunza@yahoo.esObjective: To characterize the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of arsenicism from chronic exposure to mine tailings in people with lesions on their skin and/or annexes in two mining districts in the highlands of Peru.Materials and Methods: In this case series study, we included 17 people that presented arsenical lesions in skin and annexes which were identified in two prior studies. We evaluated age, occupation, place of exposure, time of exposure, time of disease, manifestations on skin and annexes, location of lesions, severity, and 24-hour urine clearance of arsenic.Results: The average time of exposure was 16.5 ± 14.7 years, and the average length of disease was 9.8 ± 8.1 years. In this study, 70.6% were men, 41.2% were farmers and 17.6% were underage. The most frequent main manifestations in skin and annexes were plantar keratosis (23.5%), palmar (11.8%), palmoplantar (11.8%) and thoracic keratosis (5.9%). Other manifestations were palmoplantar keratosis with thoracic hyperpigmentation (17.6%), Mees’ lines (17.6%) and hyper/hypopigmentation in thorax and back (11.8%). With relation to the severity of lesions, 35.3% were grade 1 (mild), 29.4 % were grade 0 (asymptomatic), 29.4 % were grade 2 (moderate), and 5.9% were grade 3 (severe). The median of 24-hour urine clearance of arsenic was 55 μg/L/24 hours. No cases of skin cancer were presented.Conclusion: The studied cases of arsenicism with lesions on skin and/or annexes by exposure to mine tailings present with differential characteristics in comparison to other forms of arsenicism such as less severity, lower urine clearance of arsenic, and absence of skin cancer cases.Keywords: arsenicism, mine tailings, Peru

Peru, a biodiverse country that demands significant volumes of food to meet human nutritional needs, is in political and social uncertainty, since the indicators of food security and malnutrition of a segment of the population are above the thresholds of a country developing. For this reason, this research analyzes the potential of the country to improve food security indicators, using in a planned and sustainable manner the immense biological natural resources that lie in its territory. A conceptual-hermeneutical analysis of the experiences in food, nutrition and health programs generated by state governance and private interest groups in the last two decades to achieve the reduction of food insecurity indices is carried out. A comprehensive and binding political management of nutritional indicators recommended by the WHO is proposed, which includes mass production and the sustainable agro-industrial treatment of the indigenous superfoods of the Peruvian territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Peru has reported one of the highest mortality rates by COVID-19 worldwide. The Chincha province has been one of the most affected regions in Peru and the leading promoter of the use of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the frequency of use and factors associated with the use of ivermectin for COVID-19 in Chincha. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second wave of COVID-19 in Peru. For statistical analyses, frequencies and percentages were reported. Prevalence ratios (PR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), and a p-value of 0.05 were used to determine statistical significance. The SPSS version 22 (IBM Corp) program was used for the analyses. Results: A total of 432 participants were included in the study; of these, 67.6% (n = 292) used ivermectin during the COVID-19 pandemic, with 20.20% (n=59) using ivermectin only for prophylactic purposes, while 41.79% (n=122) used it only as treatment for COVID-19. The consumption of ivermectin was associated with age ≥ 50 years (PR:1.27, 95% CI:1.04–1.54), technical education level (PR:1.16, 95% CI:1.01–1.34), symptoms of COVID-19 with negative/no diagnosis (PR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.07–1.53), positive diagnosis (PR:1.38, 95% CI:1.18–1.61), and positive contact with infected people (PR:1.45, 95% CI:1.06–1.98). Conclusions: Most people in Chincha used ivermectin during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The main factors associated with the use of ivermectin for the prevention/treatment of COVID-19 were age ≥50 years, having a technical education level, having had symptoms with negative/no diagnosis or positive diagnosis, and contact with people infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Introduction: Cadets are still young trainees, and they were also exposed to the pandemic, generating possible alterations in their mental health. Objective: To determine whether depression, anxiety and stress were associated with insomnia in Peruvian military cadets during the pandemic. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study, which through a survey inquired about 3 mental health pathologies (DASS-21 scale) and insomnia (Insomnia Severity Index scale, in Spanish), the results of both were crossed and adjusted. Results: Of the 752 cadets, insomnia was associated with moderate or higher levels of anxiety (p-value< 0.001) or even severe levels of anxiety (p-value< 0.001); in both cases it was also associated with sex (p-value< 0.014) and having more age range (p-values< 0.013); all these associations were adjusted for having suffered from COVID-19, levels of depression and stress (p-values> 0.05). Conclusions: Insomnia was associated with having anxiety at moderate or higher levels or even at severe levels. It was also associated with gender (females were the most affected) and with cadets being older.

This article presents an analysis of the technical opinions expressed during the update course "Medicinal use of cannabis: An informed perspective for adequate regulation" held from June to July 2022. The course was organized by the National Center for Intercultural Health of the National Institute of Health of Peru with the objective of gathering specialized information and thus developing an institutional technical opinion on the proposal of modifications to the cannabis regulation issued by the General Directorate of Medicines and Drugs Supplies. The new regulation must include the artisanal production of cannabis and derivatives through patient associations according to the mandate of Law 31312, which modifies Law 30681, thus including this activity. During the event, various topics related to the use of cannabis were discussed, including traditional and therapeutic uses, scientific evidence, history of prohibition, botany, biochemistry, pharmacology, toxicological risks, national regulation, regulatory experience in Uruguay, public health and access. As well as criminal effects, situation of access to cannabis to the patient, quality control, productive experience of patients associations in Brazil.

[Introducción]: El jaguar (Panthera onca) es el felino más grande de América y debido a los vastos bosques conectados en la Amazonía tiene actualmente las mayores poblaciones de esta especie. [Objetivos]: Estimamos la densidad de jaguares para 7 sitios en el Gran Paisaje Madidi-Tambopata en el noroeste de Bolivia y el sureste de Perú. [Metodología]: La toma de datos fue desde el 2001 al 2008, utilizando entre 26 y 118 estaciones de cámaras trampa distribuidas en polígonos entre 37 y 355 km2 de área muestreada, activas durante 29 a 75 días en cada sitio de estudio. [Resultados]: Identificamos un total de 63 individuos entre todos los sitios de muestreo. La tasa de captura estimada para cada sitio de muestreo osciló entre 0.18 y 2.81 eventos independientes / 100 trampas noche. Las estimaciones de densidad de jaguar con modelos SCR variaron de 0.1 a 2.39 individuos / 100 km2 y las estimaciones de densidad de población calculados con CAPTURE (MMDM) utilizando una zona de amortiguamiento regional (5.76 km, n = 19), estuvieron entre 0.52 y 2.86 individuos / 100 km2. [Conclusiones]: Estos resultados son especialmente relevantes para el desarrollo de estrategias de conservación y evaluaciones para esta especie que actualmente está siendo amenazada, también subrayan la importancia del paisaje transfronterizo del Gran Madidi-Tambopata como un bastión poblacional de jaguares en la región.

Una de las características principales de la democracia es la celebración de elecciones competitivas y transparentes. Para ello, la administración electoral planifica y ejecuta estrategias, además de buenas prácticas que permitan a las y los ciudadanos ejercer su derecho al sufragio en comicios libres, seguros y justos. A inicios de 2020, la propagación y el contagio de la COVID-19 en diferentes países del mundo alteraron no solo patrones de conducta de la ciudadanía, sino también la vida democrática. En algunos casos, la pandemia produjo la suspensión o retraso de las elecciones nacionales, municipales y/o consultas populares, así como la ejecución de estos procesos mediante la aplicación de protocolos sanitarios. En 2021, Perú llevó a cabo dos jornadas electorales nacionales para elegir los cargos de presidencia, vicepresidencias, Congreso de la República y Parlamento Andino. En ambos casos, la Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE) dispuso la aplicación de protocolos y otras medidas para el desarrollo de estos comicios. Así, el accionar de la ONPE buscaba resolver dos preocupaciones generalizadas: la posibilidad de una menor participación electoral y el aumento del número de contagios. De esta manera, este artículo pretende presentar las actividades y buenas prácticas desarrolladas por dicha institución, en el marco de las Elecciones Bicentenario, frente a la mencionada pandemia y cómo estas afectaron la participación electoral y el número de casos detectados con COVID-19. Estos dos indicadores servirán para demostrar la efectividad de los protocolos implementados.

Introduction: In the transition from digital education to face-to-face education, there are changes in the teaching models implemented during COVID-19. Objective: To examine the perception of university students, in terms of satisfaction and acceptance, about virtual classes. Method: A cross-sectional study was made on 11 246 students from 17 university courses at Universidad Norbert Wiener at Lima (Peru). The 11-items UNW Employability Survey 2021 (EE-UNW21) administered through the student platform was used. The data were analyzed in SPSS v. 24.0; work, educational variables and students' perception of remote access to classes and exams were considered. Results: Of the total od students, 72.4% consider returning to classes "very important" (41.0%), with dentistry (48.5%) and human nutrition (46.4%) students being the ones who attributed the greatest importance (p= 0.002). However, the students consider that returning to the classroom is important (72.4%), but also maintaining the benefits of virtuality (77.5%) (p= 0.057). 89.9%, 47.3%, and 71.2% perceived as "very important" the possibility of seeing recorded classes, the ease of accessing the class without having to go to campus, and the fact of being able to take exams that, with notes, readings and other study materials, respectively. Conclusions: There is a perception of acceptance of virtual education during the COVID-19 pandemic and the return of face-to-face classes.

Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Prevention measures are key to prevent its spread and contagion among health professionals. The objective of the present study was to determine the self-care attitudes about tuberculosis in the nursing staff after a hospital infectious outbreak in Perú. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in nursing staff (n= 94; technical staff n= 44, 46.8%). Volunteer nursing staff > 18 years old, of both sexes, and who work in the Emergency Department were included. The 15-item questionnaire from Valle (2017) was used to estimate knowledge and attitudes about self-care in nursing staff in 3 dimensions: prevention, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis. Results: The average age of the participants was 44.7±8.8 years, 88.3 % were women, and the average working time was 11.2 ± 7.8 years. Difference was found between the years of service, among technicians (8.55 ± 7.94 years) and nursing professionals (13.48 ± 6.98 years) (p< 0.001). A hundred percent of nurses presented attitudes of acceptance of self-care in all dimensions; 4.5 % and 27.3% of nursing technicians presented attitudes of indifference in the tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment dimension (p= 0.001). Conclusions: There are favorable attitudes in the nursing staff about self-care of tuberculosis after an outbreak in a hospital in Lima, although in nursing technicians we report attitudes of indifference in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis.

The research evaluated the effect of conventional management of irrigated rice on the physicochemical indicators of the soil, in the Mercedes and Pérez farms, in Yurimaguas, Peru. It is a comparative non-experimental investigation, with statistical adjustment of a completely randomized design, where the treatments are made up of the secondary forest (BS), the conventional rice management of one (A1), five (A5) and nine years (A9), evaluating physicochemical indicators of the soil in strata from 0.0 to 0.2 and 0.2 to 0.4 m. The results showed differences in the fractions, with initial reduction of sand, silt and clay increase and in time slight recovery of the sand, silt fraction and clay reduction. The chemical indicators according to treatments and strata show differences, except K; management significantly affects the beginning of the production process (A1) reducing the levels of pH, MO, N, P, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ and increasing Al3+, AC and SAl, and there is a recovery over time (A9), except in MO and N which decrease to very low levels. In conclusion, conventional management shows significant effects between treatments and indicators evaluated in both strata, negatively affecting the beginning (A1) and recovering over time (A9); however, there are long-term negative effects on OM and N levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) continues to be considered one of the infectious diseases, particularly affecting incarcerated individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the distribution of self-reported cases of PTB in six Peruvian Penitentiary Centers (PCs) according to the level of overcrowding. The study: An observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study was conducted using the database of the First National Penitentiary Census of 2016. Incarcerated individuals from the 6 PCs in the Lima department, which have the highest prevalence of intrapenitentiary tuberculosis nationwide, were included. Findings: The prevalence was calculated according to the level of overcrowding, categorized as low, medium, and high, with values of 4,834, 3,902, and 3,039/100,000 inhabitants, respectively. Conclusions: The distribution of PTB was predominantly homogeneous across PCs, regardless of the level of overcrowding. Self-reported cases of active PTB were present in all PC populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Mortality from HIV/AIDS is one of the main indicators to monitor this public health problem. Objective: Analyze the changes in the trend in mortality and in the number of people infected with HIV/AIDS in Peru 2000-2021. Material and Methods: Ecological study based on open data on people living with HIV/AIDS in the period 2000-2021. Mortality rates were obtained from the Single National Health Information Repository. Data on new cases of HIV/AIDS were obtained from CDC Peru sources. A joinpoint regression analysis estimated trends using mean percentage change (APC); considering sex, life stages and regions, p values less than 0.05 being significant. Results: The general mortality trend had no significant changes (APC=-1.3 [95% CI: - 2.6; 0.1]); nine regions presented increasing mortality trends; mortality in women decreased (APC=-2.2 [95% CI: -3.7; -0.6]); an increasing trend was observed in adolescent mortality (APC=6.3 [95% CI: 2.3; 10.3]). An increasing trend was demonstrated in the number of people infected with HIV (APC=3.73 [95% CI: 2.6; 4.8]) and the trend of AIDS cases decreased from 2004 (APC=-2.54 [95% CI: -4.3; -0.7]). Conclusion: It was found that there are increasing trends in mortality from HIV/AIDS in adolescents and in a significant number of regions of the Peruvian highlands, being a key priority to deepen the management and approach of these populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The DoTT (Decreasing Time to Therapy) project aimed to minimize the interval between fever onset and medical interventions for children with febrile neutropenia. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of implementing the DoTT project on the hospital time to antibiotic (TTA) and patient time to arrival (PTA) at the hospital in children with febrile neutropenia admitted to the emergency department. Methods. The DoTT project was implemented at a Peruvian hospital and followed the World Health Organization (WHO) multimodal improvement strategy model. Components included creating a healthcare delivery bundle and antibiotic selection pathways, training users of the bundle and pathways, monitoring patient outcomes and obtaining user feedback, encouraging use of the new system, and promoting the integration of DoTT into the institutional culture. Emergency room providers were trained in the care delivery for children with cancer and fever and taught to use the bundle and pathways. DoTT was promoted via pamphlets and posters, with a view to institutionalizing the concept and disseminating it to other hospital services. Results. Admission data for 129 eligible patients in our registry were analyzed. The TTA and PTA were compared before and after the DoTT intervention. The median TTA was 146 minutes (interquartile range [IQR] 97--265 minutes) before the intervention in 99 patients, and 69 minutes (IQR 50--120 minutes) afterwards in 30 patients (p < 0.01). The median PTA was reduced from 1 483 minutes at baseline to 660 minutes after the intervention (p < 0.01). Conclusions. Applying the WHO multimodal improvement strategy model to the care of children with febrile neutropenia arriving at the hospital had a positive impact on the PTA and TTA, thus potentially increasing the survival of these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To report the progress in Peru, since June 2019, in the implementation of the World Health Organization Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer using the CureAll framework, which can be replicated in low- and middle-income countries. Methods. A mixed method was used of participatory and documentary evaluation. The participatory evaluation included stakeholders from various government institutions, nonprofit organizations, and international partners. The documentary aspect consisted of a review of data on the regulatory environment, national projects, and interventions implemented. The Ministry of Health engaged more than 150 participants to form working committees, which have developed policy and regulatory documents to strengthen care services. Results. Achievements include a decrease in the national treatment abandonment rate from 18.6% to 8.5%, the approval of the Childhood Cancer Law, improvements in the management of patients with febrile neutropenia, and a reduction in rates of events of clinical deterioration and mortality of hospitalized patients. The Cure All implementation framework allows local teams to implement specific strategies and monitor early outcomes in pediatric oncology. Conclusions. The results obtained reflect the teamwork, the leadership of the authorities, the technical support of professionals, and the support of involved organizations. Further actions will be needed to guarantee sustainability, and monitoring tools are needed to assure success in the planned activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Choledocholithiasis is a disease in which the common bile duct is occupied by stones. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography plays an important role in the treatment where the normal passage of bile is restored. Objective: To present a patient with COVID-19 and acute cholangitis due to multiple choledocholithiasis, who underwent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. Clinical case: A 58-year-old woman, with a history of gallbladder stones, who was admitted in a state of septic shock due to possible acute cholangitis and mild respiratory symptoms, with a positive test for COVID-19. Choledocholithiasis was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasound and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography was performed, showing multiple stones in the common bile duct. Successful drainage of the main bile duct was achieved, without complications and favorable evolution. Conclusion: The treatment performed was a good option, in the clinical context, of a patient with COVID-19 and acute cholangitis due to common bile duct stones.

Introduction: The pandemic affected the internship of health sciences students when they attended the hospital. Objective: To determine the factors associated with the perceived impact of the Peruvian hospital internship during COVID-19. Methods: Cross-sectional; descriptive, bivariate analytical and multivariate statistics were obtained based on an exploratory survey conducted as part of a larger investigation, to which variables such as age, sex, type of university, stress, anxiety, depression, and repercussions of the internship were associated. Results: Of 121 respondents, most of them thought that family would have supported if they have gotten a severe disease. Also, they thought that they could have infected their families or friends/acquaintances if they have gone to the hospital. Many of them disagreed on the statement about the hospital or university providing them safety implements. There was an association between thinking that they could have gotten COVID-19 if they have gone to the hospital versus anxiety score (p= 0,030), being a male according to the perception that the university provided materials to take care of themselves (p= 0,029), and having studied in a private university according to perceiving that the hospital would not have supported them if they have gotten seriously ill (p= 0,049). Conclusion: The factors associated with the perception of repercussions of the boarding school are family support, being able to infect their acquaintances, lack of materials provided by universities and hospitals, anxiety, being male, and coming from private universities.

Introduction: For police and military, access to suitable and truthful information has always been important, during the pandemic the need was even greater due to the tasks assigned to them as part of the front line against the COVID-19 pandemic. Objective: To determine the factors associated with fear of pandemic information received by Peruvian police and military personnel. Methods: Cross-sectional study with analytical procedures, 1 017 Peruvian police and military were surveyed, through surveys conducted during the pandemic, a validated test was used to measure the perception of fear or concern transmitted by the media, the frequencies and analytical results were reported. Results: The respondents perceived a lot of fear of social networks (22% strongly agree and 36% agree) and television (20% strongly agree and 32% agree). In the multivariate model, the military perceived less fear compared to the police (aPR: 0.65; CI95%: 0.49-0.88; value p= 0.004), in addition, the Internet was the medium that generated a greater frequency of perception of fear among the respondents (aPR: 1.65; CI95%: 1.04-2.61; value p= 0.032), adjusted for 3 variables. Conclusion: Television and social networks are the main media that generate fear among police and military; in addition, being scared was more associated with being informed through the Internet.

Objective. To determine the genetic structure of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis that circulated throughout Peru during the years 2011-2015, by using haplotypes obtained from a line probe assay. Materials and methods. A total of 6589 samples that were admitted to the Instituto Nacional de Salud for routine diagnosis using the GenoType® MTBDRplus v2 assay were analyzed during the study period. Resistant haplotypes were created by concatenating 21 polymorphic sites of the evaluated genes using the line probe assay; and the association analysis was carried out with phenotypes obtained by the 7H10 agar ratio method. Results. The most frequent mutations were: rpoB S531L (55.4%) and rpoB D516V (18.5%) for rifampicin resistance, and katG S315T (59.5%) and inhA c-15t (25.7%) for isoniazid resistance. We obtained 13 representative haplotypes (87.8% of analyzed samples), 6 corresponded to the multidrug-resistant genotype, 4 to the isoniazid mono-resistant genotype and 3 to the rifampicin mono-resistant genotype. Eighteen regions and the province of Callao showed high haplotype diversity; four showed moderate diversity and two showed low diversity. Conclusions. Most regions showed high haplotype diversity; in addition, most drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were concentrated in the cities of Lima and Callao. Likewise, drugresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains circulating in Peru mainly contain the genetic markers with the highest prevalence worldwide, which are associated with resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid.

Introduction: Psychological distress due to the context of the COVID-19 pandemic has become very common, especially in health care workers, who have been one of the most affected populations. Objective: To determine the socio-occupational factors associated with psychological distress in health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in the Peruvian highlands. Methods: Cross-sectional design study, where 3 previously validated scales measuring psychological distress, fear of being infected with COVID-19 and workload were applied (alpha values: 0.79, 0.91 and 0.83, respectively). These were added to other socio-occupational variables; descriptive and analytical statistics were obtained. Results: When multivariate analysis was performed, it was found that those who had a higher score of fear of contagion by COVID-19 (RPa: 1.45; IC95%: 1.12-1.87; valor p= 0.005) and those who had a higher perception of work overload (RPa: 1.45; IC95%: 1.12-1.87; valor p= 0.005) were those who had greater perception of psychological distress, moreover, compared to physicians, psychologists had more psychological distress (RPa: 2.73; IC95%: 1.67-4.46; valor p< 0.001). Conclusion: Significant associations were found, with the predominant finding being that there is a strong association between psychological distress and fear of possible infection with COVID-19, as well as with the perception of work overload, mainly in professional psychologists.

Introducción: La violencia infringida por la pareja es un problema ampliamente extendido, que genera graves consecuencias en la mujer y la sociedad, especialmente en las zonas de mayor vulnerabilidad social y económica. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de violencia contra la mujer en las zonas rurales de Perú. Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado como un análisis secundario de la Encuesta Demográfica y de Salud Familiar del 2020. Se incluyeron 3 144 registros de mujeres de 15 a 49 años, de zonas rurales. Para las variables cualitativas, se estimaron los recuentos no ponderados y ponderados con sus intervalos de confianza al 95 %. Resultados: El 52,3 % de mujeres de zonas rurales presentó algún tipo de violencia. La violencia psicológica se presentó en el 48 % de las mujeres. Entre las expresiones, 30,2 % refirió que la pareja se molestaba cuando ella hablaba con otro hombre y a 7,8 % las amenazaron. El 25,7 % padeció violencia física, entre sus manifestaciones, 22,4 % fue empujada por su pareja, 1,9 % fue agredida con un arma. El 6 % sufrió de violencia sexual y el haber sido obligadas por la pareja fue la expresión más frecuente (5,9 %). Conclusiones: En las zonas rurales del Perú, la violencia infringida por la pareja es un problema muy prevalente que afecta a la mitad de las mujeres, aproximadamente. La violencia psicológica es la más frecuente, en tanto que, la sexual es la que en menor proporción se presenta.

Introducción: La prediabetes, en su gran mayoría evolucionará hacia diabetes mellitus; por ello, es importante su detección temprana, a través de pruebas de cribado. Objetivo: Estimar la precisión de la prueba de riesgo del ADA y la prueba de riesgo peruana como cribado para prediabetes. Métodos: Estudio transversal para pruebas diagnósticas. Para el diagnóstico de prediabetes se utilizó la glucosa en ayunas como prueba de referencia. Para evaluar el rendimiento diagnóstico discriminativo se utilizó el gráfico de curvas COR que se presentó con el área bajo la curva y se tomó en cuenta la a sensibilidad para determinar el punto de corte. Se calcularon los intervalos de confianza al 95 % . Se trabajó con un total de 441 sujetos. Resultados: La prevalencia de prediabetes fue 14,29 %. El punto de corte de la prueba de riesgo del ADA fue 4; presentó un área bajo la curva de 0,79 (IC95 %: 0,75 - 0,83) y la sensibilidad del 93,7 % (IC95 %: 84,5 - 98,2). Mientras que para la prueba de riesgo peruana se escogió un corte de 2. El área bajo la curva fue de 0,72 (IC95 %: 0,67 - 0,78) y la sensibilidad del 79,4 (IC95 %: 67,3 - 88,5). Conclusiones: La prueba de riesgo del ADA, con un punto de corte de 4, supera a la prueba de riesgo peruana como método de cribado para prediabetes. De confirmarse dichos resultados en otros trabajos prospectivos, se puede recomendar su uso en zonas donde se tenga poco acceso a análisis de laboratorio.

Introducción: El miedo a la COVID-19 se distribuye por todo el mundo y afecta a todas las comunidades, incluidos los estudiantes universitarios. Es necesario tener herramientas para medir este miedo. Objetivo: Validar la traducción al español del cuestionario FCV-19S ( Fear of COVID-19 Scale). Métodos: Estudio transversal basado en cuestionarios online, realizado en universitarios peruanos de pregrado, durante el primer brote de la COVID-19. Se incluyeron estudiantes con idioma español nativo, acceso a internet y se excluyeron sujetos con problemas de compresión del lenguaje. La traducción del cuestionario se realizó bajo un protocolo estandarizado y se aplicó una evaluación observacional para valorar la validez y confiabilidad de FCV-S19 con α de Cronbach, correlación de Pearson y análisis factorial. Resultados: Se encuestaron 208 estudiantes universitarios, con edad promedio de 25,9 ± 5,9 años (IC95 %: 25,1 a 26,7); más de la mitad fueron mujeres (58,7 %) y aproximadamente 57 % vivía con sus padres. El α de Cronbach fue ≥ 0,8 entre los dominios, con buena consistencia interna del cuestionario (α de Cronbach= 0,832). La validez del instrumento entre los 7 ítems y las 5 categorías demostró una correlación adecuada (p< 0,05); el test de Bartlett (p= 0,0001) y el Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (0,818) definieron por análisis factorial una dimensión que explicó el 52,3 % de la varianza total. Conclusiones: La traducción al español del cuestionario FCV-19S tiene una validez y confiabilidad óptima, es capaz de medir el miedo por la COVID-19 en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Perú.

Introduction: Febrile seizure is the most common neurological disorder in childhood and the most common in pediatric neurological practice. Has a multifactorial etiology. In Peru, there are isolated studies reporting similar risk factors. Objective: To determine the factors associated with febrile seizures in children attended at the Hospital Regional Lambayeque, Peru. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in patients aged 6 months to 5 years in a neuropediatric outpatient service and in an emergency department from 2015 to 2018 of the Regional Lambayeque Hospital. The sample consisted of 32 cases and 32 controls matched 1:1 for sex and age. A questionnaire was used to collect general information, classification of febrile seizures and possible risk factors. Crude Odds ratios (cOR) and adjusted Odds ratios (aOR) were estimated using simple and multiple logistic regression models, respectively. Results: Most of the patients who presented episodes of febrile seizure were 13-24 months of age (46,9 %). A lower probability of febrile seizure was evidenced in those patients with congenital comorbidities (aOR: 0,17; 95 % CI: 0,03-0,93). Patients who had acute infectious diarrhea (aOR: 8,16; 95 % CI: 1,37-48,55) and acute upper respiratory infection (aOR: 1,49; 95 % CI: 1,89-82,42) had a higher probability of FS. Conclusions: Having acute infectious diarrhea and acute upper respiratory infection increase the likelihood of developing febrile seizure. Conversely, having congenital comorbidity reduces the likelihood of this condition.

Introducción: Diseñar y validar una escala de percepción acerca del teletrabajo en docentes de educación básica peruanos. Método: Estudio transversal, con 400 docentes de educación básica (61,50% mujeres) entre 21 y 61 años, de 6 ciudades del sur de Perú. Se propusieron 8 ítems que obedecen a los conceptos de capacitación, seguridad, flexibilidad de los horarios a partir de aspectos teóricos hallados en la literatura científica. La escala fue validada por 7 expertos que evaluaron relevancia, representatividad y claridad de los ítems. Posteriormente se aplicó el análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE) y el análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), mediante el programa FACTOR Analysis y el SPSS AMOS versión 21. Resultados: Los indicadores V de Aiken fueron estadísticamente significativos para los 8 ítems. Previa ejecución del AFE se calculó el coeficiente KMO (0,93) y el test de Bartlett (1832,90; gl = 28; p = 0,00). Se evidenció la existencia de un solo factor que explica el 62,27 % de la varianza total de la escala y sus cargas factoriales oscilan entre 0,65 y 0,84. El AFC corroboró la estructura interna de la escala (χ2 = 58,24, df = 20, p < 0,01; RMR = 0,03; TLI = 0,97; CFI = 0,97; y RMSEA = 0,06) y la confiabilidad fue aceptable (α = 0,93; IC 95% = 0,89 – 0,92). Conclusiones: La escala muestra evidencias de validez basada en el contenido, estructura interna y fiabilidad.

Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de las mariquitas Olla roatanensis Vandenberg y Cheilomenes sexmaculata Fabricius en Ecuador y Perú, ambas Coleoptera: Coccinellidae han sido encontradas en ecosistemas de manglares. Además, se describe por primera vez la morfología y el comportamiento durante el estadio final de la fase larvaria y las fases de pupa y adulto de Olla roatanensis.

This article evaluates and compare the quality level of the top 10 Peruvian universities’ institutional repositories by using the RECOLECTA Evaluation Guide for Research Institutional Repositories. The data was collected on December 2020 from various sources including the repositories’ interfaces, the repositories’ managers, the OAI-PMH Validator, among others. The results reveal that most of the repositories perform a high-level criteria fulfillment in 4 evaluation areas: “Policies”, “Metadata”, “Interoperability”, and “Security, authenticity and integrity of data”, a mid-level criteria fullfillment in the Legal aspects area, and a low-level criteria fullfillment in the “Visibility” and the “Logs and statistics” areas. Lastly, no correlation was found between the repositories’ quality level and their universities’ position in the SUNEDU’s Best Peruvian Universities ranking.

Objective: To determine the risk factors in adults with COVID-19 in the rural Andean population during 2020. Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 184 adult patients (≥18 years) with COVID-19’s serological and molecular tests from three Hospitals in the Peruvian mountains (Ancash and Apurímac) included with clinical suspicion between April and June. Descriptive analysis and univariate logistic regression were used to explore the risk factors associated with patients with COVID-19.Results: Of total of patients, 14 (7.6%) had a SARS-CoV-2. In infected patients 12 (85.7%) were men with an average age of 47.3±21 years. Comorbidities were present in about a third of patients, with hypertension and diabetes being the most frequent (both 14.3%), and the most frequent symptoms were fever and hea-dache (57.2%). Univariate regression showed higher probabilities of infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the rural Andean population associated with advanced age (OR: 1.1 95% CI 0.7 - 1.8; p = 0.019), previous comorbidities (OR: 1.7, 95%CI 0.32 - 9.39; p = 0.006), and previous symptoms (OR: 49.8, 95%CI 5.6 - 436.9; p = 0.0011).Conclusions: Possible risk factors such as advanced age, comorbidities and previous symptoms are related to the development of COVID-19 in the rural Andean population of Peru.

Objective: To determine the risk factors with the infection in the residual cavity after hepatic cystectomy in the patients of the Ramiro Prialé Prialé hospital - EsSalud -Huancayo. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort was conducted, between January 2014 and January 2018. A data collection sheet was used. Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) were obtained, with 95% confidence intervals. Results: 83 patients participated. 41.2% of women infected in the post-cystectomy cavity and the median age of infected patients was 33 years. The pathological antecedents that were related to the infection were obesity or overweight (62.5%), previous neoplasia (100%) and previous immune disease (31%). Post-cystectomy residual cavity infection was affected by the presence of obesity or overweight (aRR: 1.56; 95% CI: 1.15-2.13; p value = 0.005), diabetes mellitus (aRR: 2.67; 95% CI : 2.09-3.41; p value

Abstract Introduction: Hypertension (HTN) is a public health problem. The prevalence and mortality rates are significantly higher in middle and low-income countries, such as Peru. This study aimed to determine the trend of mortality attributable to HTN for the 2005-2016 period in Peru. Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis based on death certificates provided by the Ministry of Health. We applied linear regression models to test the HTN mortality rate trend. Results: The age-standardized HTN mortality per 100,000 inhabitants decreased from 14.43 for the 2005 to 2010 period to 11.12 for the 2011 to 2016 period. The coast was the natural region with the highest decrease in mortality rate. Moreover, Tumbes, Callao, and Lambayeque were regions with the highest decline in mortality rate. Conclusion: The age-standardized mortality attributable to HTN decreased in Peru, with variations in both natural and political regions of the country.

The article "Public Security, Government, and Society in Peru, 1785-1835" examines the role of society in maintaining public security in Peru during that period. It highlights that there was no clear division between the State and society regarding public security, which allowed local powers to have autonomy in this function. The organization of social participation in the custody of public security, such as the cabildos and mayors, is mentioned. During the war of independence, militias played an important role in protecting communities. However, the lack of resources and the dispersion of the population made it difficult for the state to intervene in public security. Despite this, mayors were considered the most legitimate rural authorities to maintain the security of their communities. In general, a public security system was established that involved society under the leadership of local powers, and this system was not significantly reconsidered in the republican period. [Extracted from the article]

El lugar físico donde se asientan los grupos de personas puede influir directamente en su calidad de vida, lo que evidencia la importancia de las condiciones físicas del lugar para el desarrollo de la vida cotidiana. Este artículo tiene como objetivo diseñar un instrumento para la medición del Índice de Calidad de Vida Urbana, estableciendo como área de estudio los Barrios Urbano Marginales en Perú. El diseño está basado en estudios realizados de realidades como Chile, México y Perú, específicamente de los Barrios Urbano Marginales. La investigación es descriptiva, no experimental con enfoque cuantitativo. El instrumento planteado como resultado, brinda una visión general y proporcionará una cifra exacta del índice de calidad de vida urbana, basada en indicadores pertenecientes a tres dimensiones. Está dirigido a tres entes principales: Entidades gubernamentales, organizaciones de vigilancia ciudadana y dirigentes vecinales. Para efectos de viabilidad del instrumento, se establecieron dos módulos según el método de recolección de información, uno básico y otro completo. Se concluye, que con la aplicación de este instrumento se podría tener una visión que ayude a lograr un mejor ordenamiento territorial en cuanto a los Barrios Urbano Marginales inmersos en la explosión urbana, en vías de un desarrollo urbano sostenible.

Objetivo. Detectar la presencia del gen ermB asociado a la resistencia a macrólidos en cepas de Campylobacter spp. aisladas de pollos comercializados en Lima, Perú. Métodos. Se analizaron 120 muestras de piel de pollo provenientes de tres mercados de los distritos de San Martín de Porres (n = 30), Santa Anita (n = 20) e Independencia (n = 70), ubicados en la Provincia de Lima, Perú. Se realizó el análisis microbiológico de las muestras según las recomendaciones de la norma ISO 10272-1:2017. Para la confirmación por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés) de género y especie, se utilizaron los cebadores (primers) 16-rARN y GlyA e hipO, respectivamente. Para evaluar la sensibilidad antibiótica, se utilizó el agar Müller-Hinton sangre al 5% con sensidiscos de azitromicina (15 μg) y eritromicina (15 μg). La detección del gen ermB en cepas con fenotipos resistentes se realizó mediante PCR convencional. Resultados. Se obtuvo un total de 117 muestras positivas (97,5%), de las cuales 100% fueron compatibles con Campylobacter coli (prueba de hipurato negativa) y confirmadas por PCR. La evaluación de resistencia antibiótica en placa para azitromicina y eritromicina dio como resultado 100% de cepas con fenotipo de resistencia a estos macrólidos, mientras que la PCR para la detección del gen ermB indicó un total de 62 positivas (53%), que fueron confirmadas por secuenciamiento. Conclusiones. Estos resultados demuestran que las carcasas de pollo comercializadas en mercados de Lima presentan contaminación por C. coli con una alta resistencia a macrólidos, lo cual puede ser atribuido a la presencia del gen ermB.