1. Environmental survival of SARS-CoV-2 – A solid waste perspective
- Author
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Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Saikrishna Krothapalli, Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan, Mahalaxmi Iyer, Venkatesh Balasubramanian, Hee Jeong Kwak, Arul Narayanasamy, Anand Uttpal, Sushmita Tiwari, Masako Kinoshita, Younus Pasha, Bhupender Singh, Neethu Raj, G. Dileep Kumar, Ssang-Goo Cho, Kaviyarasi Renu, Shraddha Pandit, Ayan Roy, Balachandar Vellingiri, Senthil Kumar Nachimuthu, Soo Bin Jang, and Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Subjects
Artificial intelligence ,Municipal solid waste ,Adaptive Neurofuzzy Inference System, ANFIS ,010501 environmental sciences ,Solid Waste ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,0302 clinical medicine ,General Packet Radio Service, GPRS ,Pandemic ,Central Pollution Control Board, CPCB ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, SARS-CoV-2 ,Environmental impact assessment ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Genetic Algorithm, GA ,General Environmental Science ,Remote Sensing, RS ,Transmission (medicine) ,Risk of infection ,Antibiotic-resistance genes, ARGs ,Biomedical waste ,Environmental damage ,Waste mismanagement, WM ,Biomedical Waste, BMW ,Artificial Neural Network, ANN ,Global Positioning System, GPS ,Secondary infection ,Personnel protective equipment (PPE) ,Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19 ,Ultraviolet, UV ,Personal protective equipment, PPE ,Geographic Information Systems, GIS ,Article ,Radio frequency identification, RFID ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,Humans ,Pandemics ,Personal Protective Equipment ,Personal protective equipment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,SARS-CoV-2 ,Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, ARB ,Biomedical waste management ,Internet of Things, IoT ,COVID-19 ,World Health Organization, WHO ,Business ,Support Vector Machine, SVM ,Very high frequency radio, VHFR - Abstract
The advent of COVID-19 has kept the whole world on their toes. Countries are maximizing their efforts to combat the virus and to minimize the infection. Since infectious microorganisms may be transmitted by variety of routes, respiratory and facial protection is required for those that are usually transmitted via droplets/aerosols. Therefore this pandemic has caused a sudden increase in the demand for personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, masks, and many other important items since, the evidence of individual-to-individual transmission (through respiratory droplets/coughing) and secondary infection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). But the disposal of these personal protective measures remains a huge question mark towards the environmental impact. Huge waste generation demands proper segregation according to waste types, collection, and recycling to minimize the risk of infection spread through aerosols and attempts to implement measures to monitor infections. Hence, this review focuses on the impact of environment due to improper disposal of these personal protective measures and to investigate the safe disposal methods for these protective measures by using the safe, secure and innovative biological methods such as the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Ultraviolet (UV) lights for killing such deadly viruses.
- Published
- 2021