1. Analysis of the characteristic compounds of Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus from different geographical origins
- Author
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Fang Deng, Tian-Long Yang, Da-Le Guo, Han-Wen Hu, Zheng Zhenxing, Di Wang, Chuanyang Zhang, Ming-Zhi Zhang, Li Zeng, Huan Yang, and Yun Deng
- Subjects
Citrus ,Principal Component Analysis ,Veterinary medicine ,Geography ,Chemistry ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Plant Science ,General Medicine ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Mass Spectrometry ,0104 chemical sciences ,Analytical Chemistry ,Chemometrics ,010404 medicinal & biomolecular chemistry ,Complementary and alternative medicine ,Fruit ,Drug Discovery ,Principal component analysis ,Partial least squares regression ,Molecular Medicine ,Medicine, Chinese Traditional ,Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ,Drugs, Chinese Herbal ,Food Science - Abstract
Introduction Citri Sarcodactylis Fructus (CSF) is widely used as a food ingredient and a traditional Chinese medicine. In China, CSF is cultivated in many places, including Sichuan, Guangdong, Zhejiang, and Fujian provinces. The types and chemical contents of CSF from different origins may vary greatly due to the difference in climate and environmental conditions. Therefore, comparing the chemical composition of CSF from various places is vital. Objective To rapidly select potential characteristic compounds for differentiating CSF from different origins. Material and methods Thirty-one batches of CSF samples from different regions were analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thereafter, chemometric methods, including principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least squares discrimination analysis (OPLS-DA), were employed to find differential metabolites among the CSF samples from various origins. Results PCA revealed 77.9% of the total variance and divided all CSF samples into three categories corresponding to their origins. OPLS-DA displayed better discrimination of CSF from different sources, with R2 X, R2 Y, and Q2 of 0.801, 0.985, and 0.849, respectively. Finally, 203 differential metabolites were obtained from CSF from different origins using the variable importance in projection of the OPLS-DA model, 30 of which were identified, and five coumarin compounds were selected as marker compounds discriminating CSF from different origins. Conclusion This work provides a practical strategy for classifying CSF from different origins and offers a research foundation for the quality control of CSF.
- Published
- 2021