1. Synthesis of Carboxylic Acids by Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydroxycarbonylation
- Author
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Peter Kucmierczyk, Robert Franke, Rui Sang, Ralf Jackstell, Dong Kaiwu, Rauf Razzaq, Matthias Beller, Jie Liu, and Ricarda Dühren
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Aqueous solution ,biology ,010405 organic chemistry ,Ligand ,business.industry ,Fatty acid ,chemistry.chemical_element ,General Chemistry ,Polymer ,Chemical industry ,General Medicine ,010402 general chemistry ,biology.organism_classification ,01 natural sciences ,Catalysis ,0104 chemical sciences ,chemistry ,Tetra ,Organic chemistry ,business ,Palladium - Abstract
The synthesis of carboxylic acids is of fundamental importance in the chemical industry and the corresponding products find numerous applications for polymers, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other manufactured chemicals. Although hydroxycarbonylations of olefins have been known for more than 60 years, currently known catalyst systems for this transformation do not fulfill industrial requirements, for example, stability. Presented herein for the first time is an aqueous-phase protocol that allows conversion of various olefins, including sterically hindered and demanding tetra-, tri-, and 1,1-disubstituted systems, as well as terminal alkenes, into the corresponding carboxylic acids in excellent yields. The outstanding stability of the catalyst system (26 recycling runs in 32 days without measurable loss of activity), is showcased in the preparation of an industrially relevant fatty acid. Key-to-success is the use of a built-in-base ligand under acidic aqueous conditions. This catalytic system is expected to provide a basis for new cost-competitive processes for the industrial production of carboxylic acids.
- Published
- 2019