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1. Attractor hopping between polarization dynamical states in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser subject to parallel optical injection

Author

Florian Denis-le Coarer, Luis Pesquera, Angel Valle, Miguel A. Rodríguez, Krassimir Panajotov, Ana Quirce, Marc Sciamanna, Methuselah Foundation, Research Foundation - Flanders, European Commission, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Chaire Photonique, CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria ( IFCA ), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria ( CSIC-UC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria, E-Content, Mondragon Unibertsitatea, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
VCSELs, Stochastic dynamical systems, 02 engineering and technology, Power law, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Laser dynamics, Polarization, Attractor, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Spontaneous emission, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], ON-OFF INTERMITTENCY, SINGLE-MODE VCSELS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, MULTISTABILITY, COMPLEXITY, OPERATION, NOISE, PARAMETERS, MECHANISM, Multistability, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Physics, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Polarization (waves), Transverse mode, Fluctuations & noise, Chaos & nonlinear dynamics, Atomic physics, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

We present experimental and theoretical results of noise-induced attractor hopping between dynamical states found in a single transverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. These transitions involve dynamical states with different polarizations of the light emitted by the VCSEL. We report an experimental map identifying, in the injected power-frequency detuning plane, regions where attractor hopping between two, or even three, different states occur. The transition between these behaviors is characterized by using residence time distributions. We find multistability regions that are characterized by heavy-tailed residence time distributions. These distributions are characterized by a -1.83±0.17 power law. Between these regions we find coherence enhancement of noise-induced attractor hopping in which transitions between states occur regularly. Simulation results show that frequency detuning variations and spontaneous emission noise play a role in causing switching between attractors. We also find attractor hopping between chaotic states with different polarization properties. In this case, simulation results show that spontaneous emission noise inherent to the VCSEL is enough to induce this hopping., This work has been funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE), Spain under project TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P. A.Q. acknowledges FWO for support from a Postdoc fellowship and K.P. is grateful to the Methusalem Foundation for financial support.

Published
2018
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2. Polarization dynamics induced by parallel optical injection in a single-mode VCSEL

Author

Florian Denis-le Coarer, Hugo Thienpont, Ana Quirce, Luis Pesquera, Angel Valle, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Airbus, Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique (Fédération Wallonie-Bruxelles), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Chaire Photonique, CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria ( IFCA ), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria ( CSIC-UC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
VCSELs, chaos, Spontaneous emission, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, FREQUENCY, DIODE, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, nonlinear dynamics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Polarization, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, Physics, RESOLVED DYNAMICS, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Single-mode optical fiber, Biasing, locking, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, Nonlinear system, Diode Lasers, business, subject
Abstract

We report an experimental study of the polarization nonlinear dynamics in a 1550 nm single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. Experimentally measured stability maps identifying regions of different nonlinear dynamics for various values of bias current are reported. We show that VCSELs with more than a 35 dB polarization mode suppression ratio can have rich nonlinear dynamics in both linear polarizations, including periodic and chaotic behaviors appearing simultaneously in both polarization modes., Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (MINECO) (TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P); Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-12-JS03-005); Prefecture de Region Grand-Est (Chair in Photonics, FEDER [PHOTON, APOLLO], FNADT[APOLLO, PIANO]); AIRBUS-GDI Simulation; Metz Metropole; Conseil Departemental de Moselle; Conseil Regional Grand-Est.

Published
2017
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3. Injection locking and polarization switching bistability in a 1550 nm VCSEL subject to parallel optical injection

Author

Pablo Pérez, Florian Denis-le Coarer, Marc Sciamanna, Hugo Thienpont, Luis Pesquera, Angel Valle, Ana Quirce, Krassimir Panajotov, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques ( LMOPS ), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces ( LEPMI ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Centro de estudios e investigaciones laborales del Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnologicas de Argentina ( CEIL-PIETTE DEL CONICET ), Universidad de Buenos Aires [Buenos Aires], Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria ( IFCA ), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria ( CSIC-UC ), Instituto de Física de Cantabria, CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centro de estudios e investigaciones laborales [Buenos Aires] (CEIL), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
VCSELs, Materials science, Bistability, bistability, Optical bistability, 02 engineering and technology, Laser mode locking, Semiconductor laser theory, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Optical polarization, injection-locked lasers, Optical coupling, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Optoelectronics, business, Optical attenuators, vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
Abstract

We present experimental and theoretical results of bistable polarization switching in a single transverse mode 1550 nm vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to parallel optical injection. We focus our analysis on the bistability induced by power variation of the master laser found on the recently observed state of simultaneous injection locking of the parallel polarization mode and excitation of the orthogonal polarization mode, IL+PS. Experimental stability maps identifying, in the injected power-frequency detuning plane, where this state is observed, and corresponding bistable regions are reported for several bias currents. We find bistability between the IL+PS state and the single polarization mode injection locked solution. We also find bistability between the IL+PS and different periodic dynamics in the parallel polarization mode. The width of the hysteresis cycle increases when increasing the bias current or when increasing the wavelength of the optical injection beyond the solitary VCSEL wavelength. We theoretically confirm these types of bistability by numerically simulating the spin-flip model and by performing a linear stability analysis for the different stable states. Excellent agreement is found between experimental and theoretical results.

Published
2017
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4. Range-dependent effects of optical feedback on multimode two-color quantum dot lasers

Author

Martin Virte, Robert Pawlus, Wolfgang Elsäßer, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Stefan Breuer, Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Technische Universität Darmstadt ( TU Darmstadt ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Physics::Optics, Electrons, EXCITED-STATE, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, 010309 optics, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Quantum well, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, Distributed feedback laser, Multi-mode optical fiber, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Laser, Optical microcavity, Applied physics, Beam splitters, Quantum dot laser, Switching, Optoelectronics, business, Quantum dot lasers, Tunable laser
Abstract

International audience; We investigate the behaviour of a multimode two-color quantum dot laser subject to optical feedback. In particular, we focus on the effects of a variation of the external cavity length at the micrometer scale on the laser emission characteristics and especially on its optical spectrum. For each mode, we observe oscillations of the output power with different spectral amplitudes. No clustering or mode grouping effect is observed. Theoretically, we demonstrate a good agreement with a multimode two-color quantum dot laser model.

Published
2016
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5. Energy exchange between modes in a multimode two-color quantum dot laser with optical feedback

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, Stefan Breuer, Robert Pawlus, Krassimir Panajotov, Laboratoire matériaux organiques à propriétés spécifiques ( LMOPS ), Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Physico-chimie des Matériaux et des Interfaces ( LEPMI ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Phase (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 010309 optics, state, Emission, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], generation, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Optical feedback, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Phase shift, Optical sennsing, Energy exchange, Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Distributed feedback laser, Multi-mode optical fiber, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 3. Good health, Quantum dot laser, Excited state, Terahertz generation, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state, Quantum dot lasers, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the multi-mode dynamics of a two-color quantum dot laser subject to time-delayed optical feedback. We unveil energy exchanges between the longitudinal modes of the excited state triggered by variations of the feedback phase, and observe that the modal competition between longitudinal modes appears independently within the ground state and excited state emission. These features are accurately reproduced with a quantum dot laser model extended to take into account multiple modes for both ground and excited states. Finally, we discuss the significant impact of such behavior on feedback-based control of two-color quantum dot lasers. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Published
2016
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6. Recurrent state-switching of a two-state quantum dot laser by optical feedback

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Stefan Breuer, Martin Virte, Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes ( LMOPS ), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Technische Universität Darmstadt ( TU Darmstadt ), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] ( TONA ), Vrije Universiteit [Brussel] ( VUB ), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Technische Universität Darmstadt (TU Darmstadt), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, gain, Optical switch, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Physics, Optical amplifier, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Semiconductor lasers, Distributed feedback laser, [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, [ NLIN ] Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Electroluminescent displays, Laser optics, Feedback control, Laser, Mirrors, Quantum dot laser, Excited state, Switching, Semiconductor optical gain, business, Quantum dot lasers
Abstract

International audience; In this contribution, we experimentally report recurrent switching between ground and excited state emission in a quantum dot laser controlled by optical feedback. We demonstrate that changing the phase of the optical feedback can efficiently induce switching between the two emission processes of the laser. Experimentally, by using an external mirror placed on a piezo-actuator, we were able to achieve incomplete switching between ground and excited state emission, i.e. without complete extinction of the modes. The switching takes place for variations of the external cavity length at the wavelength scale, i.e. around 1.2 um. Theoretically, we successfully link this switching behaviour with the evolution of the modal gain difference between the two modes induced by the variations of the optical feedback phase.

Published
2016
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7. Nonlinear dynamics of a laser diode with an injection of an optical frequency comb

Author

Yaya Doumbia, Delphine Wolfersberger, Tushar Malica, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Parameter space, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, LOCKING, CHAOS, GENERATION, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS]Physics [physics], Laser diode, laser diode, business.industry, Nonlinear Laser Dynamics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, Nonlinear system, Semiconductor, Amplitude, 0210 nano-technology, business, Optical Frequency Combs
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate the variety of the nonlinear dynamics exhibited by a single frequency semiconductor laser subjected to optical injection from a frequency comb. The injection parameters (the detuning and the injection strength) and the comb properties (comb spacing and the amplitude of the injected comb lines) are varied to unveil several dynamics such as injection locking, wave-mixing, chaotic dynamics, and unlocked time-periodic dynamics corresponding to new comb solutions. The asymmetry of the injected comb is shown to modify the size of the injection locking region in the parameter space, as well as the common properties between the new comb solutions observed and the injected comb.

Published
2020
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8. Frequency comb customization by controlling the optical injection dynamics

Author

Tushar Malica, Yaya Doumbia, Krassimir Panajotov, Delphine Wolfersberger, Marc Sciamanna, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Sciamanna, Marc, Michalzik, Rainer, Panajotov, Krassimir, Hofling, Sven, Brussels Photonics Team, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Doumbia, Yaya

Subjects
Materials science, animal structures, Physics::Optics, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, SUBJECT, STABILITY, LOCKING, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, [PHYS] Physics [physics], law.invention, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, Fundamental difference, law, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Atomic Physics, Times periodic dynamics, Optical injection locking, [PHYS]Physics [physics], choas, business.industry, Dynamics (mechanics), fungi, Single-mode optical fiber, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Nonlinear system, Semiconductor, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; This work reports on numerical analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser subject to an optical injection with a frequency comb. We identified the fundamental difference between the single mode injection and frequency comb injection. By varying the injection parameters (detuning and injection ratio), the results show that the slave laser is able to reproduce the injected frequency comb (new comb) in different parameters regions. The appearance of the new comb depends on the number of injected comb lines for fixed comb properties.

Published
2020

9. Optical injection dynamics of frequency combs

Author

Tushar Malica, Marc Sciamanna, Delphine Wolfersberger, Krassimir Panajotov, Yaya Doumbia, Chaire Photonique, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Sharpening, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Frequency comb, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, Optical Injection, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics::Atomic Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Semiconductor Laser, business.industry, Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Pulse (physics), Injection locking, Semiconductor, Quantum dot laser, business, Frequency Combs
Abstract

International audience; We analyze the nonlinear dynamics of a semiconductor laser with optical injection from a frequency comb. When varying both the injection parameters (detuning and injection ratio) and the comb properties (number of comb lines and comb spacing), we identify and select several dynamics, including (1) injection locking with selective amplification of the comb line that shows the smallest detuning from the injected laser, (2) unlocked time-periodic dynamics that correspond to a new frequency comb with a broadened optical spectrum, thereby sharpening the pulse generated at the injected laser output, and (3) unlocked chaotic dynamics.

Published
2020
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10. Electro-Absorption Modulator Vertically Integrated on a VCSEL: Microstrip-Based High-Speed Electrical Injection on Top of a BCB Layer

Author

Aurélie Lecestre, Hugo Thienpont, Christophe Viallon, Ayad Ghannam, Guilhem Almuneau, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Laurent Mazenq, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), 3DiS Technologies, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Materials science, Electro-absorption modulator, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, Microstrip, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Benzocyclobutene, High-speed modulation, high-speed modulation, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, electro-absorption modulator, Output impedance, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, BCB, business.industry, Coplanar waveguide, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electrical contacts, chemistry, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business, BENZOCYCLOBUTENE, FABRICATION, PASSIVATION, FILMS
Abstract

International audience; Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with vertically integrated electro-absorption modulators (EAM-VCSELs) potentially can reach higher modulation bandwidths than directly current-modulated VCSELs. The aforementioned device modulation capabilities are, however, currently restricted by their electrical contact parasitics. It, thus, becomes critical to optimize their access line to improve performance. In this paper, we numerically and experimentally demonstrate that a microstrip (MS) access line using a planarized benzocyclobutene (BCB) layer exhibits improved high-frequency characteristics compared to the coplanar waveguide (CPW) access line used to-date, since it reduces the losses induced by the doped substrates. We also use this opportunity to introduce an innovative technique for BCB layer planarization, which is not only compatible with the EAM-VCSEL double-mesa structure, but is also independent of the device pitch. The resulting BCB layer dielectric permittivity and losses are measured up to 100 GHz, and a side-by-side comparison of the electrical response of three-electrodes MS and CPW access lines is subsequently carried out. Finally, using the measured pad and access line RF responses and the EAM modulation characteristics, the devices with MS access are shown to be no longer limited by their electrode parasitics, but by the modulator internal impedance.

Published
2019
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11. Photo-crosslinkable recombinant collagen mimics for tissue engineering applications

Author

Marica Markovic, Liesbeth Tytgat, Maxime Vagenende, Hugo Thienpont, Taimoor H. Qazi, Christian Rolando, Sandra Van Vlierberghe, Heidi Ottevaere, Peter Dubruel, José C. Martins, Aleksandr Ovsianikov, Fabrice Bray, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - USR 3290 (MSAP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Faculty of Sciences, Polymer Chemistry and Biomaterials Research Group, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l’Analyse et la Protéomique - UAR 3290 (MSAP), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT)

Subjects
food.ingredient, Biocompatibility, IN-VITRO, MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES, GELATIN METHACRYLOYL, HYDROGELS. PART, BEHAVIOR, Biomedical Engineering, Adipose tissue, Biocompatible Materials, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Gelatin, chemistry.chemical_compound, food, Tissue engineering, medicine, Methacrylamide, Humans, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Tissue Engineering, Regeneration (biology), Biology and Life Sciences, Biomaterial, General Chemistry, General Medicine, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Collagen, Swelling, medicine.symptom, 0210 nano-technology, Biomedical engineering
Abstract

Gelatin is frequently used in various biomedical applications. However, gelatin is generally extracted from an animal source, which can result in issues with reproducibility as well as pathogen transmittance. Therefore, we have investigated the potential of a recombinant peptide based on collagen I (RCPhC1) for tissue engineering applications and more specifically for adipose tissue regeneration. In the current paper, RCPhC1 was functionalized with photo-crosslinkable methacrylamide moieties to enable subsequent UV-induced crosslinking in the presence of a photo-initiator. The resulting biomaterial (RCPhC1-MA) was characterized by evaluating the crosslinking behaviour, the mechanical properties, the gel fraction, the swelling properties and the biocompatibility. The obtained results were compared with the data obtained for methacrylamide-modified gelatin (Gel-MA). The results indicated that the properties of RCPhC1-MA networks are comparable to those of animal-derived Gel-MA. RCPhC1-MA is thus an attractive synthetic alternative for animal-derived Gel-MA and is envisioned to be applicable for a wide range of tissue engineering purposes.

Published
2019
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12. Precise characterisation of isolated molecules: general discussion

Author

Ingo Fischer, Ad van der Avoird, Stephen R. Leone, David M. Benoit, Graham A. Worth, Roland Wester, F. A. Gianturco, Jens Petersen, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Anne B. McCoy, Petr Slavíček, Paul L. Houston, Matthieu Besemer, Thierry Stoecklin, Joel M. Bowman, David C. Clary, Robert J. Donovan, Roberto Linguerri, Stephen E. Bradforth, Majdi Hochlaf, Uwe Manthe, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Xiao Shan, Peter J. Knowles, Jeremy O. Richardson, Zlatko Bačić, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Nottingham, UK (UON), School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Chemistry, business.industry, MEDLINE, 02 engineering and technology, Computational biology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Text mining, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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13. Quantum dynamics of isolated molecules: general discussion

Author

Majdi Hochlaf, Ingo Fischer, Joel M. Bowman, Uwe Manthe, Robert J. Donovan, Adam Kirrander, Thierry Stoecklin, Jens Petersen, Dmitri Babikov, David C. Clary, Stephen R. Leone, David M. Benoit, Roland Wester, Anne B. McCoy, Jeremy O. Richardson, Petr Slavíček, F. A. Gianturco, Timothy A. H. Burd, Susmita Kar, Ad van der Avoird, Graham A. Worth, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Thomas Malcomson, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Marquette University, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory [Berkeley] (LBNL), Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bielefeld, Germany, Universität Bielefeld = Bielefeld University, University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Universität Innsbruck [Innsbruck], School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marquette University [Milwaukee], Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Physics, Chemical physics, Quantum dynamics, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

International audience

Published
2018
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14. Molecules in confinement in clusters, quantum solvents and matrices: general discussion

Author

Ingo Fischer, Martin Dracinsky, Anne Zehnacker-Rentien, Majdi Hochlaf, Claudine Crépin, Zlatko Bačić, Ad van der Avoird, David M. Benoit, Halima Mouhib, Irena Kratochvílová, Jun Miyazaki, F. A. Gianturco, David C. Clary, Malgorzata Biczysko, Timothy A. H. Burd, Joel M. Bowman, Jeremy O. Richardson, Peter M. Felker, Thierry Stoecklin, Chun Mei Liu, Karel Kouril, Krzysztof Szalewicz, Petr Slavíček, Anne B. McCoy, Gilberte Chambaud, Stephen E. Bradforth, Centre d'Enseignement et de Recherche en Mathématiques et Calcul Scientifique (CERMICS), École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC), Emory University [Atlanta, GA], Laboratoire de Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle (MSME), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires d'Orsay (ISMO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SYSIPHE, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Computer Science Department [UCLA] (UCLA-CS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit [Brussels] (VUB), Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Key Laboratory of Modern Metallurgy and Material Processing, University of Shanghai [Shanghai], Institute of Physical Chemistry [Aachen] (IPC), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen (RWTH), University of Chemistry and Technology Prague (UCT Prague), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), U.Delaware, University of Delaware [Newark], Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud university [Nijmegen], Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University (RWTH), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Radboud University [Nijmegen]

Subjects
Physics, Chemical physics, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Quantum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0104 chemical sciences
Abstract

Faraday Discussions, 212, ISSN:1359-6640, ISSN:1364-5498

Published
2018
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15. High frequency characterization of a vertical electro-absorption modulator for data communications

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Christophe Viallon, Guilhem Almuneau, Olivier Gauthier-Lafaye, Alexandre Rumeau, Krassimir Panajotov, Antoine Monmayrant, Hugo Thienpont, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), IEEE, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Faculty of Engineering, Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
Signal processing, Materials science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, 01 natural sciences, Vertical integration, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, law, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Instrumentation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, modulator, electro-absorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Characterization (materials science), Photodiode, high-frequency, Modulation, Optical fiber coupling, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Radio frequency, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

This paper describes the high-frequency characterizations of a vertical electro-absorption modulator (EAM) to ensure its monolithic integration onto a VCSEL for data communications. Splitting the emitting and the modulating parts is an attractive approach compared to directly current-modulated VCSEL since it releases the intrinsic limitations due to carriers dynamics that occurs in such VCSEL device. It is, in this aim, utmost to thoroughly characterize and understand the properties and performances of the vertically integrated EAM under high frequency operation, as it will be decisive for the application of EAM-VCSEL to very high data-rate communications. EAM measurements, presented up to 40 GHz, require a precise control of the optical fiber coupling and a precise evaluation of the injection losses over the full frequency range.

Published
2018

16. Integration of Electro-Absorption Modulator in a Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Hugo Thienpont, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Alexandre Rumeau, Alexandre Arnoult, Krassimir Panajotov, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), SPIE, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Engineering, business.industry, Quantum-confined Stark effect, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Microstrip, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, Amplitude modulation, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Parasitic capacitance, law, Modulation, 0103 physical sciences, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; VCSELs became dominant laser sources in many short optical link applications such as datacenter, active cables, etc. Actual standards and commercialized VCSEL are providing 25 Gb/s data rates, but new solutions are expected to settle the next device generation enabling 100 Gb/s. Directly modulated VCSEL have been extensively studied and improved to reach bandwidths in the range of 26-32 GHz [Chalmers, TU Berlin], however at the price of increased applied current and thus reduced device lifetime. Furthermore, the relaxation oscillation limit still subsists with this solution. Thus, splitting the emission and the modulation functions as done with DFB lasers is a very promising alternative [TI-Tech, TU Berlin]. Here, we study the vertical integration of an Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM) within a VCSEL, where the output light of the VCSEL is modulated through the EAM section. In our original design, we finely optimized the EAM design to maximize the modulation depth by implementing perturbative Quantum Confined Stark Effect (QCSE) calculations, while designing the vertical integration of the EAM without penalty on the VCSEL static performances. We will present the different fabricated vertical structures, as well as the experimental electrical and optical static measurements for those configurations demonstrating a very good agreement with the reflectivity and absorption simulations obtained for both the VCSEL and the EAM-VCSEL structures. Finally, to reach very high frequency modulation we studied the BCB electrical properties up to 110 GHz and investigated coplanar and microstrip lines access to decrease both the parasitic capacitance and the influence of the substrate. 100 words: In this presentation, we describe the operation of Multiple-Quantum-Wells Asymmetric Fabry-Perot modulator, vertically integrated into a VCSEL structure for high-speed modulation. First we optimize the Electro-Absorptive Modulator (EAM) and the EAM-VCSEL structures by utilizing a perturbative quantum-confined Stark-effect and transfer matrix calculations. Then we present experimental reflectivity, LIV curves and photocurrent measurements and demonstrate very good agreement with our modelling results. High frequency measurements of BCB electrical response up to 110 GHz are carried out to estimate the parasitic effects due to the pad configuration and the impact of the substrate.

Published
2018
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17. Vertical integration of an electro-absorption modulator within a VCSEL device

Author

Guilhem Almuneau, Aurélie Lecestre, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Benjamin Reig, Alexandre Arnoult, Alexandre Rumeau, Stephane Calvez, Christophe Viallon, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Équipe Microondes et Opto-microondes pour Systèmes de Télécommunications (LAAS-MOST), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Fabrication, Computer science, Computer Networks and Communications, 02 engineering and technology, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, electro-absorption modulator, self-aligned technological processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business.industry, Bandwidth (signal processing), BCB planarization, Laser, high-frequency modulation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, vertical cavity lasers, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business, Microwave
Abstract

International audience; The huge increase of datacom traffic requires laser sources of ever-widening modulation bandwidth. Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) are strategically relevant given that their wide use for short communication links such as in datacenters and are, in light of recent developments, good candidates to address such demands. We propose to increase the modulation bandwidth by vertically integrating a continuous-wave VCSEL with a high-speed electroabsorption modulator (EAM-VCSEL). We will present our studies on the electrical and optical designs, on the development of optimized fabrication steps and on the microwave characterizations leading to the realization of integrated EAM-VCSEL devices.

Published
2017
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18. Oxide-confined VCSELs fabricated with a simple self-aligned process flow

Author

Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Guilhem Almuneau, Stephane Calvez, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alexandre Arnoult, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées

Subjects
Materials science, Fabrication, self-aligned, oxidation, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, VCSEL, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Etching (microfabrication), law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, Wafer, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Lithography, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Self-aligned, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Dry etching, Photolithography, Photonics, business, lasers
Abstract

International audience; We propose a simplified and easier fabrication process flow for the manufacturing of AlOx-confined VCSELs based on combining the oxidation step with a self-aligned process, allowing the mesa etching and two successive lift-off steps based on a single lithography step. The electro-optical confinement achieved by standard lateral oxidation enables a low threshold and a single mode behaviour for the VCSEL. This simplified process can largely improve VCSEL manufacturing by reducing the processing time and costs compared to the standard VCSEL process. Introduction: Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL) have become the preferred light sources in many photonic systems, enabling short-link interconnections [1] but also in other emerging mass-market applications like sensing and detection [2]. The large production volume of VCSELs would benefit from a simplification of the manufacturing process flow that may largely increase the cost-effectiveness. Indeed, compared to the LED and LDs, the VCSEL fabrication process flow requires a large number of elementary steps defined by successive inter-aligned photolithography levels. A precision in the micron range is required to ensure the lateral alignment between the optical waveguide and the electrical injection. For these reasons, one of the most important concerns for the VCSEL manufacturers is to improve the production throughput by lowering the fabrication time and cost per wafer. The development of a self-aligned process is of great interest as already demonstrated for the fabrication of high performance HBT transistors or ridge lasers [3,4]. To that extent, Al-Omari [5] used a top metallic contact deposited over a photoresist layer as a hard mask to dry-etch the VCSEL mesa. Chua [6] developed a pseudo-planar approach by opening via holes down to the AlAs layer to carry out the lateral oxidation. This process has subsequently been improved by Strzelecka [7] to increase the device density. Recently, we have shown that air-post VCSELs could be created using an innovative self-aligned process, which combined several masking and lift-off steps defined by a single lithographic step [8]. In this paper, we extend this work and propose a new process flow to fabricate, in a very simple and straightforward way, the widely-used oxide-confined VCSELs. The demonstrated process drastically simplifies the oxide-confined VCSEL fabrication by reducing the total number of lithographic alignment steps from four or more to only one alignment, with the additional advantage of relieving the required tolerances. This process flow, most suitable for 3D imaging and sensing applications, can also be easily implemented for the fabrication of other optoelectronic devices such as modulators, ridge waveguide lasers, detectors, solar cells or any process combining dry etch, passivation and metallization.

Published
2017
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19. Analysis of the polarization of single-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers subject to parallel optical injection

Author

Angel Valle, Luis Pesquera, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alexandra Popp, Marc Sciamanna, Yanhua Hong, Florian Denis-le Coarer, Ana Quirce, Pablo Pérez, Research Foundation - Flanders, Université de Lorraine (France), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), European Commission, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Institute for Computational Mechanics, Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Rutgers University [Camden], Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Brussels Photonics Team

Subjects
bistability, chaos, Physics::Optics, Optical power, 02 engineering and technology, injection locked, DIODE, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, PARAMETERS, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, vcsels, 0103 physical sciences, Vertical cavity surface emitting lasers, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Spontaneous emission, [NLIN]Nonlinear Sciences [physics], Physics, Semiconductor lasers, business.industry, Orthogonal polarization spectral imaging, Single-mode optical fiber, Statistical and Nonlinear Physics, dynamics, locking, Polarization (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Injection locking, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Bistability, business
Abstract

We investigate experimentally and theoretically the polarization switching found in single-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) when subject to parallel optical injection. Our analysis focuses on a recently observed state in which injection locking of the parallel polarization and excitation of the free-running orthogonal polarization of the VCSEL are obtained. A simple nonlinear dependence between the power of both linear polarizations and the frequency detuning is found. Also, the total power emitted by the VCSEL is constant and independent of the injected optical power and the frequency detuning. We check these results experimentally for a variety of frequency detunings and bias currents applied to the device. We report experimental and theoretical stability maps in the injected power-frequency detuning plane for different bias currents, identifying the regions in which the state is observed. A simple analytical expression that describes the map boundary for large and negative frequency detunings is obtained. This provides a simple method to extract the linear dichroism of the device., Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (FWO); Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) (ANR-12-JS03-005); Ser Cymru National Research Network in Advanced Engineering and Materials; Prefecture de Lorraine and SGAR (APOLLO [FEDER/FNADT], PHOTON project [FEDER]); Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO/FEDER, UE) (TEC2015-65212-C3-1-P).

Published
2017
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20. Vertical electro-absorption modulator design and its integration in a VCSEL

Author

Stephane Calvez, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Guilhem Almuneau, Alexandre Arnoult, Ludovic Marigo-Lombart, Équipe Photonique (LAAS-PHOTO), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Service Techniques et Équipements Appliqués à la Microélectronique (LAAS-TEAM), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Applied Physics and Photonics, Faculty of Engineering, Brussels Photonics Team, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)

Subjects
Materials science, Acoustics and Ultrasonics, Optical communication, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, VCSEL, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, law, Electro-absorption modulator, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Figure of merit, QCSE, Quantum well, business.industry, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, PEROT REFLECTION MODULATORS, QUANTUM-WELL STRUCTURES, WAVE-GUIDE MODULATORS, OPTICAL MODULATION, CAVITY LASER, THRESHOLD CHARACTERISTICS, REFRACTIVE-INDEX, GAAS, OPTIMIZATION, modulator, electro-absorption, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, CMOS, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

International audience; Electro-absorption modulators, either embedded in CMOS technology or integrated with a semiconductor laser, are of high interest for many applications such as optical communications, signal processing and 3D imaging. Recently, the integration of a surface-normal electro-absorption modulator into a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser has been considered. In this paper we implement a simple quantum well electro-absorption model and design and optimize an asymmetric Fabry–Pérot semiconductor modulator while considering all physical properties within figures of merit. We also extend this model to account for the impact of temperature on the different parameters involved in the calculation of the absorption, such as refractive indices and exciton transition broadening. Two types of vertical modulator structures have been fabricated and experimentally characterized by reflectivity and photocurrent measurements demonstrating a very good agreement with our model. Finally, preliminary results of an electro-absorption modulator vertically integrated with a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser device are presented, showing good modulation performances required for high speed communications.

Published
2018
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21. Transverse Mode Switching and Locking in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Subject to Orthogonal Optical Injection

Author

Angel Valle, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Applied Physics and Photonics, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
POLARIZATION PROPERTIES, LIGHT INJECTION, semiconductor lasers, 02 engineering and technology, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, Optical bistability, Semiconductor laser theory, light polarisation, surface emitting lasers, 010309 optics, MECHANISMS, GENERATION, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, optical bistability, DYNAMICS, VCSELS, FEEDBACK, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, laser cavity resonators, laser modes, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Linear polarization, BEHAVIOR, TRANSMISSION, Optical polarization, laser mode locking, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Transverse plane, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business
Abstract

©2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.; In this paper, we report on theoretical and experimental investigation on polarization and transverse mode behavior of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under orthogonal optical injection as a function of the injection strength and of the detuning between the injection frequency and the free-running frequency of the solitary laser. As the injection strength increases the VCSEL switches to the master laser polarization. We find that the injection power necessary to obtain such polarization switching is minimum at two different values of the frequency detuning: the first one corresponds to the frequency splitting between the two linearly polarized fundamental transverse modes, and the second one appears at a larger positive frequency detuning, close to the frequency difference between the first-order and the fundamental transverse modes of the solitary VCSEL. We show theoretically that both the depth and the frequency corresponding to the second minimum increase when the relative losses between the two transverse modes decrease. Bistability of the polarization switching is obtained for the whole frequency detuning range. Such a bistability is found for the fundamental mode only or for both transverse modes, depending on the value of the detuning. The theoretical and experimental optical spectra are in good agreement showing that the first-order transverse mode appears locked to the external injection.

Published
2007
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22. Mapping of the Dynamics Induced by Orthogonal Optical Injection in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Ignace Gatare, J.B. Altes, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Applied Physics and Photonics, and Vrije Universiteit Brussel

Subjects
Materials science, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, the output characteristics of an oxide-confined AlGaAs-As quantum well vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) under orthogonal optical injection are mapped as a function of the strength of the optical injection and the detuning between the injection frequency and the free-running frequency of the solitary laser, for a very large range of frequency detuning (from -82 to 89 GHz). The injection light is polarized orthogonally with respect to the solitary VCSEL output light. As the injection strength increases the VCSEL switches to the master laser polarization. Polarization switching is accompanied by a rich nonlinear dynamics, including limit cycle, wave mixing, subharmonic resonance and period doubling route to chaos. Polarization switching is found with but also without injection locking. Injection locking occurs with the slave fundamental transverse mode or, for large positive detunings, with the first-order transverse mode.

Published
2006
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23. Physical random bit generation from chaotic solitary laser diode

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Martin Virte, Emeric Mercier, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Brussels Photonics Team, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Random number generation, Chaotic, Optical communication, FOS: Physical sciences, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Entropy (information theory), Randomness, Physics, Laser diode, business.industry, SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS, Laser, Nonlinear Sciences - Chaotic Dynamics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, DYNAMICS, AMPLIFICATION, FEEDBACK, SYSTEMS, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Chaotic Dynamics (nlin.CD), business, Optics (physics.optics), INJECTED SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We demonstrate the physical generation of random bits at high bit rates (> 100 Gb/s) using optical chaos from a solitary laser diode and therefore without the complex addition of either external optical feedback or injection. This striking result is obtained despite the low dimension and relatively small bandwidth of the laser chaos, i.e. two characteristics that have been so far considered as limiting the performances of optical chaos-based applications. We unambiguously attribute the successful randomness at high speed to the physics of the laser chaotic polarization dynamics and the resulting growth rate of the dynamical entropy., 14 pages, 3 figures, submitted

Published
2014
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24. Introduction to the special issue of Optical and Quantum Electronics related to the workshops 'PHysics and Applications of SEmiconductor LASERs' (PHASE 2007) and 'Instabilities, Patterns and Spatial SOlitons' (IPSSO 2007)

Author

Delphine Wolfersberger, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), and Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS)

Subjects
Quantum optics, Physics, business.industry, Nanophotonics, Nanotechnology, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Phase (combat), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Field (geography), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Acronym, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Photonics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Quantum information science, Telecommunications, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

This special issue of Optical and Quantum Electronics is related to the workshops PHASE 2007 and IPSSO 2007, which took place in Supelec, Metz (France) on March 28–30, 2007. The acronym PHASE stands for “PHysics and Applications of SEmiconductor LASERs”. The acronym IPSSO stands for “Instabilities, Patterns and Spatial SOlitons”. The workshops brought together the photonics community in Europe and the scientific program was built to both acknowledge recent advances and emphasize modern trends in this field. The workshop PHASE 2007 was organized in the framework of the European Action COST 288 “Nanoscale andUltrafast Photonics”. COST is the acronym (in French) for “European Cooperation in the Field of Scientific and Technical Research”. It is a framework for international research and development cooperation, allowing for coordination of national research at European level. The main objective of the COST 288 Action is to advance the application of ultrafast nanophotonics to develop high capacity photonic communication infrastructures, as well as to provide a forum to bring forward advanced research on novel topics such as advanced optical signal processing and optical logic, microwave photonics and exploratory technologies (based on nanophotonics) such as quantum communication. PHASE 2007 was a continuation of the workshop PHASE 2005 which also took place at

Published
2008
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25. Impact of optical feedback on a quantum dot laser emitting simultaneously from the ground and excited states

Author

Martin Virte, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, OPTEL - Equipe Optique et électronique pour les télécoms, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Van Luchene, Sébastien

Subjects
Physics, Distributed feedback laser, Active laser medium, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, 010309 optics, Quantum dot, Quantum dot laser, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, Ground state
Abstract

Summary form only given. When using quantum dot (QD) as an active region for semiconductor laser, one can confine more than one energy level, thus allowing laser effect to take place in the ground state (GS), the excited state (ES) or both simultaneously [1]. In this contribution we theoretically consider the impact of optical feedback on the mode competition between GS and ES emission. Using an analytical approach, continuation techniques and numerical integration we provide a detailed analysis of the steady-states and bifurcation scenarios predicted, thus bringing new light on recent experiments [2].

Published
2013

26. Feedback stabilization of discrete-time quantum systems subject to non-demolition measurements with imperfections and delays

Author

Hadis Amini, Igor Dotsenko, C. Sayrin, Ram Somaraju, Pierre Rouchon, Mazyar Mirrahimi, Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), SIgnals and SYstems in PHysiology & Engineering (SISYPHE), Inria Paris-Rocquencourt, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Markov process, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, [PHYS.QPHY]Physics [physics]/Quantum Physics [quant-ph], Control theory, 0103 physical sciences, Quantum system, FOS: Mathematics, Statistical physics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Mathematics - Optimization and Control, Mathematics, Markov chain, Stochastic matrix, Cavity quantum electrodynamics, Observable, Metzler matrix, Control and Systems Engineering, Optimization and Control (math.OC), symbols, [MATH.MATH-OC]Mathematics [math]/Optimization and Control [math.OC], Stationary state
Abstract

We consider a controlled quantum system whose finite dimensional state is governed by a discrete-time nonlinear Markov process. In open-loop, the measurements are assumed to be quantum non-demolition (QND). The eigenstates of the measured observable are thus the open-loop stationary states: they are used to construct a closed-loop supermartingale playing the role of a strict control Lyapunov function. The parameters of this supermartingale are calculated by inverting a Metzler matrix that characterizes the impact of the control input on the Kraus operators defining the Markov process. The resulting state feedback scheme, taking into account a known constant delay, provides the almost sure convergence of the controlled system to the target state. This convergence is ensured even in the case where the filter equation results from imperfect measurements corrupted by random errors with conditional probabilities given as a left stochastic matrix. Closed-loop simulations corroborated by experimental data illustrate the interest of such nonlinear feedback scheme for the photon box, a cavity quantum electrodynamics system., Comment: submitted (16 pages, 4 figures)

Published
2013
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27. Design and Stability of Discrete-Time Quantum Filters with Measurement Imperfections

Author

C. Sayrin, Igor Dotsenko, Pierre Rouchon, Abhinav Somaraju, Brussels Photonics Team, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)-Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB (Lhomond)), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Kastler Brossel (LKB [Collège de France]), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Centre Automatique et Systèmes (CAS), MINES ParisTech - École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Fédération de recherche du Département de physique de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure - ENS Paris (FRDPENS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mines Paris - PSL (École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris)

Subjects
0209 industrial biotechnology, Quantum decoherence, Equations, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, Quantum mechanics, 01 natural sciences, Atomic measurements, [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Mathematical model, 020901 industrial engineering & automation, Control theory, Quantum state, 0103 physical sciences, Kernel adaptive filter, Applied mathematics, 010306 general physics, Cavity resonators, Mathematical Physics, Mathematics, Quantum Physics, Mathematical Physics (math-ph), Adaptive filter, Filter design, Photonics, Error analysis, Filter (video), Recursive filter, Ensemble Kalman filter, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

This work considers the theory underlying a discrete-time quantum filter recently used in a quantum feedback experiment. It proves that this filter taking into account decoherence and measurement errors is optimal and stable. We present the general framework underlying this filter and show that it corresponds to a recursive expression of the least-square optimal estimation of the density operator in the presence of measurement imperfections. By measurement imperfections, we mean in a very general sense unread measurement performed by the environment (decoherence) and active measurement performed by non-ideal detectors. However, we assume to know precisely all the Kraus operators and also the detection error rates. Such recursive expressions combine well known methods from quantum filtering theory and classical probability theory (Bayes' law). We then demonstrate that such a recursive filter is always stable with respect to its initial condition: the fidelity between the optimal filter state (when the initial filter state coincides with the real quantum state) and the filter state (when the initial filter state is arbitrary) is a sub-martingale., Comment: Submitted to the American Control Conference 2012

Published
2011
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28. Self-pulsations and excitability in optically injected quantum-dot lasers: Impact of the excited states and spontaneous emission noise

Author

Lukasz Olejniczak, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Relaxation (NMR), 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Semiconductor laser theory, law.invention, SYSTEMS, BIFURCATIONS, MODULATION, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, BANDWIDTH ENHANCEMENT, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Quantum dot laser, law, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Spontaneous emission, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Noise (radio), Bifurcation
Abstract

International audience; We study the dynamics of an optically injected quantum-dot laser accounting for excited states. Mapping of the bifurcations in the plane frequency detuning vs. injection strength shows that the relaxation rate scales the regions of locking and single- and double-period solutions, while the capture rate has a minor effect. Within the regions of time-periodic solutions, close to the saddle-node bifurcation boundary, we identify subregions where the output signal resembles excitable pulses as a result of the bottleneck phenomenon. We show that such emission is determined mainly by fluctuations in the occupation of the excited states. The interpulse time follows an inverse square root scaling law as a function of the detuning. In a deterministic system the pulses are periodic regardless of the detuning, but in the presence of noise, close to the locking region, the interpulse time follows a positively skewed normal distribution. For a fixed frequency detuning, increasing the noise strength can shift the mean of the interpulse time distribution and make the pulsations more periodic.

Published
2010
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29. 100 nm period grating by high-index phase-mask immersion lithography

Author

Yannick Bourgin, Yves Jourlin, Jurgen Van Erps, Richard M. De La Rue, O. Parriaux, Petri Karvinen, Anne Talneau, Nicolas Passilly, David Troadec, Svetlen Tonchev, Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain, Colette Veillas, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Laboratoire Hubert Curien (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de photonique et de nanostructures (LPN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Joensuu, Department of Physics and Mathematics (JOE), University of Joensuu, Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) (FEMTO-ST), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Photonics Research Group, Centre for Communication, University of Bristol [Bristol], Dpt of Electronics & Electrical Engineering, University of Glasgow, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), European Project: 241479,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2009-single-stage,NEMO(2009), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 [IEMN], Laboratoire Hubert Curien [Saint Etienne] (LHC), Institut d'Optique Graduate School (IOGS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques (ENSMM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, Lithography, Nanostructure fabrication, 02 engineering and technology, Grating, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Interference lithography, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Blazed grating, Photography, Nanotechnology, MIRRORS, ARRAYS, Diffraction grating, Immersion lithography, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Subwavelength structures, INTERFERENCE LITHOGRAPHY, FABRICATION, business.industry, Equipment Design, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Equipment Failure Analysis, Refractometry, Resist, Diffraction gratings, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business, Next-generation lithography
Abstract

The interferogram of a high index phase mask of 200 nm period under normal incidence of a collimated beam at 244 nm wavelength with substantially suppressed zeroth order produces a 100 nm period grating in a resist film under immersion. The paper describes the phase mask design, its fabrication, the effect of electron-beam lithographic stitching errors and optical assessment of the fabricated sub-cutoff grating. (C) 2010 Optical Society of America

Published
2010
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30. Polarization Switching in Quantum-Dot Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Dieter Bimberg, F. Hopfer, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Alex Mutig, L. Olejniczak, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin (TU), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
02 engineering and technology, semiconductor lasers, Elliptical polarization, VCSEL, 01 natural sciences, Semiconductor laser theory, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Polarization rotator, business.industry, Quantum dots, Optical polarization, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Quantum dot laser, Quantum dot, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business
Abstract

International audience; We demonstrate experimental evidence of polarization switching accompanied by polarization-mode hopping in quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. In our case, the polarization switching is associated with a change of linearly polarized light to elliptically polarized one, hence switching takes place between elliptically polarized states. Current-modulation measurements show that the polarization switching is of thermal origin.

Published
2009
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31. Polarization- and Transverse-Mode Dynamics in Optically Injected and Gain-Switched Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers

Author

Angel Valle, I. Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
LOCKING, CHAOS, DIODE, LIGHT, Bistability, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, BISTABILITY, COMPETITION, SUBJECT, VCSELS, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Optical polarization, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Transverse mode, Injection locking, Transverse plane, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we summarize our recent results on nonlinear polarization- and transverse-mode dynamics of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) induced by optical injection (OI) or current modulation. Due to the surface emission and cylindrical symmetry, VCSELs lack strong polarization anisotropy and may undergo polarization switching (PS). Furthermore, VCSELs may emit light in multiple transverse modes. This provides new features to the rich nonlinear dynamics induced in VCSELs by an external perturbation. We demonstrate for the case of orthogonal OI that new Hopf bifurcation on a two-polarization-mode solution delimits the injection locking (IL) region and that PS and IL of first-order transverse mode lead to a new resonance tongue for large positive detunings. Similarly, the underlying polarization-mode competition leads to chaotic-like behavior in case of gain switching and the presence of two transverse modes additionally reduces the possibility of regular dynamics.

Published
2009
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32. Synchronization of chaos in mutually coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with time delay

Author

Atsushi Uchida, Hiroyuki Someya, Shigeru Yoshimori, Kazuya Tanaka, Krassimir Panajotov, Mitsutoshi Ozaki, Marc Sciamanna, Department of Information and Computer Sciences, Saitama University, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Medical Imaging, Radiology, and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Synchronization of chaos, Chaotic, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, Optical chaos, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, law.invention, Nonlinear Sciences::Chaotic Dynamics, CHAOS (operating system), Wavelength, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Waveform, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

International audience; We experimentally observe in-phase and anti-phase synchronization of chaos in two mutually-coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. We investigate leader-laggard relationship between two chaotic waveforms and find that the laser with longer wavelength becomes the leader.

Published
2009
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33. Polarization Dynamics in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Subject to Optical Injection or Current Modulation

Author

Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Michel Nizette, Hugo Thienpont, Krassimir Panajotov, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], no keyword, Materials science, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Polarization (waves), Laser, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Gallium arsenide, law.invention, Nonlinear dynamical systems, chemistry.chemical_compound, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, chemistry, law, Optical materials, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

International audience; We present experimental and theoretical results on polarization nonlinear dynamics in Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers subject to optical injection or current modulation. We discuss polarization switching, rich nonlinear dynamics, multi-transverse modes and their bifurcation routes.

Published
2009
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34. Transverse mode competition effects on the dynamics of gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Mikel Arizaleta, Krassimir Panajotov, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Department of Electric and Electronic Engineering, Universidad Pública de Navarra [Espagne] = Public University of Navarra (UPNA), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
POLARIZATION, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics, Multi-mode optical fiber, business.industry, Laser, Polarization (waves), Transverse mode, Transverse plane, Modulation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

An experimental analysis of the nonlinear dynamics of a multi-transverse-mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) when subject to a high-frequency current modulation is performed. Regular periodic dynamics-with periods equal to the modulation period or twice the modulation period-and irregular pulsating dynamics are obtained. Our results show that the irregular pulsating dynamics in multimode VCSELs subject to large-signal current modulation is due to the competition between different transverse modes. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2008
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35. Double cavity feedback and experimental observation of coherence resonance

Author

M. Valencia, Manuel Lopez-Amo, M.A. Arteaga, Hugo Thienpont, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Physics, Differential gain, Bistability, Linear polarization, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Optical polarization, 02 engineering and technology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Optical bistability, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 010306 general physics, business, Coherence (physics)
Abstract

International audience; We first discuss the effect of isotropic optical feedback from an extremely short external cavity (ESEC) (K. Petermann, 1195, K. Hsu, et al., 1998) on the emission properties of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). When changing the external cavity length a modulation of the total power and the wavelength emitted by the VCSEL is observed with a period of half the emission wavelength (K. Panajotov et al., 2004). By making use of a two modes rate equation VCSEL model we develop a map of bistability to investigate the parametric dependence of polarization properties of VCSELs in such configuration, finding out a periodic dependence of the polarization switching currents on the ESEC length (K. pajanotov, et al., 2004 and M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). By increasing the external mirror reflectivity we can make this periodic dependence stronger and strongly asymmetric providing the possibility to prevent PS for any injection current and thus, achieving polarization stabilization in VCSELs (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). Further numerical simulations with isotropic and non isotropic feedback show how parameters as gain compression coefficients, frequency splitting between the linearly polarized modes, differential gain and the mirror reflectivity, affect the map of bistability (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). The theoretical results are supported by extensive experimental mapping (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). The switching currents and the hysteresis width can be widely tuned by varying the external cavity length. The amplitude of modulation of the polarization switching current with the external cavity length is experimentally confirmed to be proportional to the external mirror reflectivity, proving its key role in achieving polarization control of such lasers using optical feedback. Moreover, by a proper choice of the optical feedback parameters, the emission can be stabilized in any of the two linearly polarized modes (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). Finally, by maki- - ng use of the fine-polarization tuning provided by the ESEC feedback we report on the experimental observation of coherence resonance in a bistable system with delay (M. A. Arteaga et al., 2006). Our system consists of a VCSEL subject to time-delayed optical feedback simultaneously from a long and from extremely short external cavity. Coherence resonance is experimentally proven by analysis of the residence time distribution of the polarization mode-hopping regime and of the signal to noise ratio in the power spectrum.

Published
2008
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36. Irregular pulsating polarization dynamics in gain-switched vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Angel Valle, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), Université de Lorraine (UL)-CentraleSupélec, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, polarization switching, nonlinear dynamics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, spontaneous emission noise, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), Spontaneous emission, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Exponential decay, MODULATED DIODE-LASERS, NONLINEAR DYNAMICS, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Linear polarization, Nonlinear optics, Condensed Matter Physics, Polarization (waves), Laser, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, TRANSVERSE-MODE DYNAMICS, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, OPTICAL FEEDBACK, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, BIFURCATION, BEHAVIOR, CHAOS, business, Current modulation
Abstract

©2007 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.; International audience; In this paper, we report on experimental and theoretical investigation on the nonlinear dynamics of the two orthogonal linearly polarized fundamental transverse modes of verticalcavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under sinusoidal current modulation. Irregular pulses of the power of individual polarizations are measured with a period equal to twice the modulation period. In contrast with individual polarizations, total power displays regular pulsing at twice the modulation period. The variability of pulse streams is characterized by using residence times distributions. We show that the residence time distributions for individual linear polarizations display an exponential decay for large values of that time. Those results are well reproduced by using a theoretical model that includes spontaneous emission fluctuations. However the previous qualitative features remain even in the absence of spontaneous emission noise. Our results therefore suggest that the irregular polarization dynamics have a deterministic origin and can be defined as deterministic chaos.

Published
2008
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37. Polarization Synchronization Properties of Unidirectionally Coupled VCSELs

Author

Alexandre Locquet, Krassimir Panajotov, I. Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Chaotic, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Synchronization, no keywords, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 010306 general physics, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Laser, Polarization (waves), Nonlinear system, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We report theoretically on the dynamics of two vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) coupled unidirectionally through their optical fields, in the context of chaos synchronization and its use for chaos secure communications. One of the two VCSELs is rendered chaotic by optical feedback effects and injects its chaotic output into a second, slave VCSEL. Two different injection schemes are analyzed. A first configuration is such that the master VCSEL injects light polarized orthogonal to that emitted by the free-running slave VCSEL. The orthogonal optical injection induces polarization switching of the slave VCSEL, leading to polarization synchronization between master and slave. A second configuration considers a polarization-preserving optical injection. We report on anticipative and isochronous polarization synchronization and interestingly, we show that VCSEL polarization mode competition enhances the synchronization quality.

Published
2007
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38. Mapping of transverse mode locking and switching in VCSELs under orthogonal optical injection

Author

Ignace Gatare, Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Materials science, no keyword, business.industry, Physics::Optics, Optical polarization, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Transverse mode, Optical bistability, Injection locking, Transverse plane, Optics, Mode-locking, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Poster; International audience; An experimental and theoretical investigation of polarization switching (PS) and transverse mode locking of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection was provided. Experimental mapping of the polarization switching and transverse modes competition in the plane of frequency detuning vs. injection power was performed. It is shown that PS is achieved with bistability over the whole frequency detuning range.

Published
2007
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39. Bifurcation and nonlinear dynamics accompanying polarization switching in a VCSEL subject to orthogonal optical injection

Author

Michel Nizette, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Optique Nonlinéaire Théorique (ONT), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, no keyword, Linear polarization, business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Physics::Optics, Optical polarization, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Stimulated emission, 0210 nano-technology, business, Bifurcation
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we investigate theoretically the interplay between polarization switching (PS) and nonlinear dynamics in a vertical-cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection from a master laser (ML). The free-running VCSEL is biased such that only the horizontal (x) linearly polarized fundamental (LP) mode is excited. The injected VCSEL is then modeled using an extension of the spin flip model (SFM). We perform a bifurcation analysis using continuation techniques that allow tracking bifurcation of both stable and unstable solutions.

Published
2007
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40. Synchronization regimes of unidirectionally coupled VCSELs with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Alexandre Locquet, M. Sciamannal, K. Panaiotov, Ignace Gatare, Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)

Subjects
Physics, business.industry, Isotropy, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Polarization (waves), Laser, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, law.invention, Injection locking, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Physics::Atomic Physics, 010306 general physics, business
Abstract

Poster; International audience; It is shown numerically that two fundamentally different regimes (I and II) of isochronous synchronization are possible, depending on the detuning between the lasers and the strength of the optical injection into the slave. We consider a master laser subjected to isotropic optical feedback and which is optically coupled, in a unidirectional way, to an open-loop slave laser. A master laser which exhibits a dominant x-LP mode and a weak y-LP mode was chosen. The x-LP mode was selected, rotate it to y direction, and optically inject it in the slave laser, which, under free-running conditions, emits x-polarized light.

Published
2007
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41. Synchronization of chaos in mutually coupled VCSELs: numerical study

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Atsushi Uchida, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, no keyword, business.industry, Synchronization of chaos, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polarization (waves), Laser, Optical chaos, Topology, 01 natural sciences, Synchronization, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Injection locking, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

Poster; International audience; This work investigates numerically the impact of the polarization mode competition and the frequency detuning between the two lasers on the chaos synchronization of mutually coupled VCSELs. To this aim , a simple rate-equation model of single transverse-mode VCSEL is implemented.

Published
2007
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42. Nonlinear dynamics of the polarization of multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers under current modulation

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Angel Valle, Instituto de Fisica de Cantabria (IFCA), Universidad de Cantabria [Santander]-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Institut of the Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
optical chaos, BEHAVIOR, INJECTION, SELECTION, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, VCSELS, CHAOS, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, DIODE-LASERS, 010309 optics, light polarisation, surface emitting lasers, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, dichroism, high-speed optical techniques, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, laser cavity resonators, Period-doubling bifurcation, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], optical modulation, business.industry, nonlinear optics, Laser, Polarization (waves), Transverse mode, Nonlinear system, bifurcation, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business, Excitation
Abstract

International audience; In this paper we report on a theoretical investigation of the nonlinear dynamics of the polarization of multitransverse mode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under current modulation. Special attention is given to the comparison with a previously studied case of single-transverse mode VCSEL emitting in two orthogonal polarizations. The consideration of spatial effects in VCSEL modifies the polarization dynamics that accompanies the period doubling route to chaos for large modulation amplitudes. Depending on the modulation parameters, the excitation of a higher order transverse mode may either induce chaotic pulsing in an otherwise regularly pulsating VCSEL, or induce a time-periodic pulsing dynamics in an otherwise chaotic VCSEL. Bifurcation diagrams obtained for different modulation frequencies, several values of the dichroism, and different transverse mode characteristics allow us to identify the different scenarios of polarization dynamics in a directly modulated VCSEL. Temporal analysis of carrier number radial profile reveals considerable changes for the multitransverse mode case only constituting the physical origin of the reported changes in the temporal and polarization dynamics.

Published
2007
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43. Frequency-induced polarization bistability in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Ignace Gatare, Krassimir Panajotov, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Bistability, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Optical bistability, 010309 optics, surface emitting lasers, Laser linewidth, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, optical bistability, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, SEMICONDUCTOR-LASER, LOCKING, DIODES, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Polarization rotator, business.industry, laser beams, Laser, Polarization (waves), Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, laser theory, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We report theoretically on a pure frequency-induced polarization bistability in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection, i.e., the master laser light polarization is orthogonal to that of the slave VCSEL. As the frequency detuning is scanned from negative to positive values and for a fixed injected power, the VCSEL exhibits two successive and possibly bistable polarization switchings. The first switching (from the slave laser polarization to the injected light polarization) exhibits a bistable region whose width is maximum for a given value of the injected power. Such a dependency of hysteresis width on the injected power is similar to that recently found experimentally by Hong et al.[Electron. Lett. 36, 2019 (2000)]. The bistability accompanying the second switching (from the injected light polarization back to the slave laser free-running polarization) exhibits, however, significantly different features related to the occurrence of optical chaos. Interestingly, the width of the bistable region can be tuned over a large range not only by modifying the injection parameters but also by modifying the device parameters, in particular the VCSEL linewidth enhancement factor.

Published
2007
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44. Fabrication and characterization of microlens arrays using a cantilever-based spotter

Author

Heidi Ottevaere, Véronique Bardinal, Christophe Levallois, Hugo Thienpont, Corinne Vergnenègre, Emmanuelle Daran, Thierry Camps, Thierry Leichle, Jean-Baptiste Doucet, Véronique Conédéra, Franck Carcenac, Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Fabrication, Cantilever, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, 02 engineering and technology, OCIS: 160.5470, 220.3630, 220.4000, 350.3950, Micro-optics, Optical polymers and other organic optical materials, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010309 optics, Optics, Optical microscope, law, 0103 physical sciences, Surface roughness, Focal length, Micro-optical devices and technology, Lenses, Microlens, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Integrated optics, Optical Design and Fabrication, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, MICROSYSTEM, LENSES, GLASS, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Interferometry, Polymer reactions and polymerization, Optical materials, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

We present a quantitative study on the fabrication of microlenses using a low-cost polymer dispending technique. Our method is based on the use of a silicon micro-cantilever robotized spotter system. We first give a detailed description of the technique. In a second part, the fabricated microlenses are fully characterized by means of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), AFM (Atomic Force Microscopy) non contact optical profilometry and Mach-Zehnder interferometry. Diameters in the range [25-130 mu m] are obtained with an average surface roughness of 2.02nm. Curvature radii, focal lengths as well as aberrations are also measured for the first time: the fabricated microlenses present focal lengths in the range [55-181 mu m] and exhibit high optical quality only limited by diffraction behaviour with RMS aberration lower than lambda/14. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Published
2007
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45. Round-robin measurements of linewidth enhancement factor of semiconductor lasers in COST 288 action

Author

R. Green, Guillaume Huyet, M. Saarinen, M. Pessa, Pascal Landais, Silvano Donati, Ignacio Garces, A. Lindberg, C. Kouloumentas, J.-F. Hayau, J. Poette, J. Lasobras, W. Elsasser, K. Panajotov, J. Von Staden, P. Leinonen, Mauro Pereira, P. Moreno, Richard Schatz, Guido Giuliani, Ioannis Tomkos, T. Fordell, JL Pozo, Judy M Rorison, D. Klonidis, Andrea Fiore, V. Vilokkinen, M. Rossetti, R. Nelander, Frédéric Grillot, A. Tredicucci, A. Wacker, Pascal Besnard, R. Escorihuela, M. Chacinski, Marc Sciamanna, Jan Danckaert, Asier Villafranca, Physics, Applied Physics, Applied Physics and Photonics, Photonics and Semiconductor Nanophysics, Semiconductor Nanophotonics, Institute of Applied Physics (IAP), Darmstadt University of Technology [Darmstadt], Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'informatiON (FOTON), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Appliquées et de Technologie (ENSSAT)-Télécom Bretagne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Materials science, no keyword, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Laser, 01 natural sciences, Action (physics), law.invention, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Laser linewidth, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Quantum dot laser, law, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Optoelectronics, Photonics, business
Abstract

International audience; Round-Robin measurements on the linewidth enhancement factor are carried out in many laboratories participating to EU COST 288 Action. Up to 7 different techniques are applied to DFB, VCSELs, QCL, and QD lasers, and results are compared.

Published
2007
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46. Polarization synchronization in unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Alexandre Locquet, Krassimir Panajotov, Ignace Gatare, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Georgia Tech Lorraine [Metz], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Georgia Institute of Technology [Lorraine, France]-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta]-CentraleSupélec-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Arts et Metiers Metz-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Matériaux Organiques à Propriétés Spécifiques (LMOPS), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
CHAOTIC SEMICONDUCTOR-LASERS, number͑s͒: 05, Ϫa, LOW-FREQUENCY FLUCTUATIONS, BISTABILITY, SUBJECT, VCSELS, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, optical switches, 01 natural sciences, Optical switch, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, 010309 optics, surface emitting lasers, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, Nonlinear Sciences::Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Linear polarization, business.industry, Isotropy, laser feedback, Polarization (waves), Laser, surface emitting lasers, laser feedback, optical switches, laser tuning, SELF-MODULATION, FEEDBACK, COMMUNICATION, DYNAMICS, MODE, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Sf, business, laser tuning
Abstract

International audience; We analyze theoretically the polarization dynamics in unidirectionally coupled vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers ͑VCSELs͒. The master VCSEL is subject to an isotropic optical feedback. The slave VCSEL is subject to an orthogonal optical injection from the master VCSEL, i.e., only the linearly polarized mode orthogonal to the dominant linearly polarized mode of the free-running slave VCSEL is injected into the slave VCSEL. This laser configuration may lead the slave VCSEL polarization to switch to that of the injected master laser field. The injected power required for polarization switching depends on the frequency detuning. We identify in the plane of the injection parameters two regions of enhanced synchronization between the injected LP mode and the corresponding slave LP mode. In the so-called region II the slave VCSEL exhibits anticorrelated dynamics in its two LP modes while in the so-called region I the slave VCSEL exhibits dynamics in only one LP mode, which corresponds to the polarization of the injected field. The two regions exhibit different synchronization properties in both the LP mode dynamics and total intensity dynamics. We furthermore analyze the dependency of the synchronization quality on the parameter mismatch between master and slave VCSELs and on the polarization switching properties of each VCSEL.

Published
2006
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47. Nonlinear dynamics accompanying polarization switching in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with orthogonal optical injection

Author

Ignace Gatare, J. Buesa, Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Optical chaos, 01 natural sciences, no keywords, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Physics, Period-doubling bifurcation, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Nonlinear optics, Polarization (waves), Laser, Injection locking, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, business
Abstract

International audience; We present an experimental investigation of a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) submitted to orthogonal optical injection, i.e., the injected light is linearly polarized and orthogonal to that emitted by the solitary VCSEL. Bifurcation boundaries of qualitatively different dynamics are mapped out in the frequency detuning-injection strength plane. We unveil rich and complex dynamics including injection locking, limit cycle, wave mixing, and period doubling route to chaos.

Published
2006
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48. Introduction to the Special Issue of Optical and Quantum Electronics Related to the Workshop 'PHysics and Applications of SEmiconductor LASERs' (PHASE)

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Krassimir Panajotov, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), and Applied Physics and Photonics

Subjects
Physics, Quantum optics, business.industry, Phase (waves), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, 0103 physical sciences, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Computer communication networks, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2006
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49. Route to polarization switching induced by optical injection in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

Author

Krassimir Panajotov, Marc Sciamanna, Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), and Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB)

Subjects
Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Bistability, Linear polarization, business.industry, 02 engineering and technology, Elliptical polarization, Laser, Polarization (waves), 01 natural sciences, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, law.invention, Semiconductor laser theory, 010309 optics, Injection locking, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Atomic physics, business
Abstract

International audience; We perform a theoretical investigation of the polarization dynamics in a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) subject to orthogonal optical injection, i.e., the injected field has a linear polarization (LP) orthogonal to that of the free-running VCSEL. In agreement with previous experiments [Z. G. Pan et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2999 (1993)], an increase of the injection strength may lead to a polarization switching accompanied by an injection locking. We find that this route to polarization switching is typically accompanied by a cascade of bifurcations to wave-mixing dynamics and time-periodic and possibly chaotic regimes. A detailed mapping of the polarization dynamics in the plane of the injection parameters (detuning, injection strength) unveils a large richness of dynamical scenarios. Of particular interest is the existence of another injection-locked solution for which the two LP modes both lock to the master laser frequency, i.e., an elliptically polarized injection-locked (EPIL) steady state. Modern continuation techniques allow us to unveil an unfolding mechanism of the EPIL solution as the detuning varies and also to link the existence of the EPIL solution to a resonance condition between the master laser frequency and the free-running frequency of the normally depressed LP mode in the slave laser. We furthermore report an additional case of bistability, in which the EPIL solution may coexist with the second injection-locked solution (the one being locked to the master polarization). This case of bistability is a result of the interaction between optical injection and the two-polarization-mode characteristics of VCSEL devices.

Published
2006
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50. Polarization dynamics in VCSELs induced by optical injection

Author

Marc Sciamanna, Ignace Gatare, Jordi Buesa, Krassimir Panajotov, Hugo Thienpont, Applied Physics and Photonics, Van Luchene, Sébastien, Department of Applied Physics and Photonics [Brussels] (TONA), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire Matériaux Optiques, Photonique et Systèmes (LMOPS), and CentraleSupélec-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
[PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], [SPI.OPTI] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, Bistability, Physics::Optics, 02 engineering and technology, Elliptical polarization, Vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser, Optical bistability, no keywords, light polarisation, surface emitting lasers, 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Optics, optical bistability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, laser modes, Physics, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], business.industry, Linear polarization, Nonlinear optics, Optical polarization, laser mode locking, Injection locking, quantum well lasers, [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, business
Abstract

International audience; We will present a survey on our experimental and theoretical studies of polarization dynamics in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) when subject to orthogonal optical injection, i.e. the injected field has a linear polarization (LP) orthogonal to that of the free-running VCSEL. The output characteristics of an oxide-confined AlGaAs-GaAs quantum well VCSEL are experimentally mapped as a function of the strength of the optical injection and the detuning between the injection frequency and the free-running frequency of the solitary laser. Experimentally, we achieve a very large range of frequency detunings: from -82 to 89 GHz. Two border lines at negative and positive detunings form "a tongue" of polarization switch (PS) region; its area expanding to both positive and negative detunings with increasing the injection strength. The two border lines are with a well pronounced region of bistability, the hysteresis width is almost constant for positive detuning and increasing for negative ones. Only in the later case the route to PS occurs through injection locking (both the polarization and the frequency of the VCSEL locks to the ones of the master laser). The route to injection locking can be accompanied by a rich nonlinear dynamics, including limit cycle, wave mixing, subharmonic resonance and possibly period doubling route to chaos. The PS "tongue" is further strongly influenced at large positive detuning, which we identify as being due to an injection locking of the first-order transverse mode of the VCSEL. We carry out theoretical studies of the case of orthogonal injection in VCSELs, which qualitatively match the experimental findings. Furthermore, we predict the existence of new injection locked solution for which the two LP modes both lock to the master laser frequency resulting in an elliptically polarized injection locked (EPIL) steady-state. Modern continuation techniques allow us to unveil an unfolding mechanism of the EPIL solution as the detuning varies and also to link the existence of the EPIL solution to a resonance condition between the master laser frequency and the frequency of the suppressed VCSEL LP mode. This EPIL solution may coexist with the LP injection locked solution, resulting in a new type of bistability in VCSELs

Published
2006

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