1. Innate immune receptors, key actors in cardiovascular diseases
- Author
-
Lisardo Boscá, Carmen Delgado, Rafael I. Jaén, Almudena Val-Blasco, María Fernández-Velasco, Jose Lopez-Sendon, Marta Gil-Fernández, Patricia Prieto, Tarik Smani, UAM. Departamento de Medicina, and Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Universitario de La Paz (IdiPAZ)
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,NF-κB, nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells ,innate immune system ,Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Pyrin domain ,STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW ,HF, heart failure ,0302 clinical medicine ,cardiovascular disease ,NOD1 ,Medicine ,Receptor ,Innate immune system ,Pattern recognition receptor ,Cardiovascular diseases ,CARD, caspase activation and recruitment domain ,medicine.symptom ,Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine ,DAP, D-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid ,PAMP, pathogen-associated molecular pattern ,nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors ,Medicina ,Inflammatory response ,NLR, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors ,I/R, ischemia/reperfusion ,Inflammation ,Leucine-rich repeat ,CVD, cardiovascular disease ,ER, endoplasmic reticulum ,03 medical and health sciences ,ROS, reactive oxygen species ,NLRP3 ,NOD, Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein ,DAMPs, danger-associated molecular patterns ,Ca2+, calcium ion ,TLR, toll-like receptor ,business.industry ,SR, sarcoplasmic reticulum ,AMI, acute myocardial infarction ,IL, interleukin ,Toll-like receptors ,030104 developmental biology ,toll-like receptors ,Immunology ,NLRP, nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor ,business ,MAPK, mitogen-activated protein kinase - Abstract
Central Illustration, Highlights • The present review recapitulates relevant findings related to the role of the receptors of the innate immune system (TLRs and NLRs) in the progression of the most prevalent CVDs. • TLRs and NLRs play a key role in the progression of atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction or heart failure. • The development of new specific strategies to impair exacerbated TLR and NLR activation in CVDs are strong candidates for therapy and opens a new research field., Summary Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death in the industrialized world. Most CVDs are associated with increased inflammation that arises mainly from innate immune system activation related to cardiac damage. Sustained activation of the innate immune system frequently results in maladaptive inflammatory responses that promote cardiovascular dysfunction and remodeling. Much research has focused on determining whether some mediators of the innate immune system are potential targets for CVD therapy. The innate immune system has specific receptors—termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs)—that not only recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, but also sense danger-associated molecular signals. Activation of PRRs triggers the inflammatory response in different physiological systems, including the cardiovascular system. The classic PRRs, toll-like receptors (TLRs), and the more recently discovered nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLRs), have been recently proposed as key partners in the progression of several CVDs (e.g., atherosclerosis and heart failure). The present review discusses the key findings related to the involvement of TLRs and NLRs in the progression of several vascular and cardiac diseases, with a focus on whether some NLR subtypes (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine rich repeat and pyrin domain-containing receptor 3 and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 1) can be candidates for the development of new therapeutic strategies for several CVDs.
- Published
- 2020