162 results on '"Akustik"'
Search Results
2. Acoustic Evaluation of Trabzon Beşirli Central Tennis Court Multi-Purpose Hall.
- Author
-
KANDEMİR, Ayşegül and KAVRAZ, Mustafa
- Subjects
- *
SOUND design , *TENNIS courts , *SPORTS facility design & construction , *ABSORPTION of sound - Abstract
Today, although acoustic designs for different purposes are not realized in sports halls designed for sports activities, these halls are widely used for various events such as conferences and concerts. In this study; The main activity area in the Beşirli Central Tennis Court building, which was built for sports activities within the scope of the European Youth Games in Trabzon Province, was evaluated in terms of acoustics for different functional uses by computer simulation method. First of all, 3D models were prepared for the current conditions of the main sports event areas according to different audience occupancy rates. Then the models were transferred to the simulation program to evaluate the objective parameters of the sound. After obtaining the objective parameter values of the sound, 3D models of the hall were prepared again with the soundabsorbing mechanisms placed between the existing steel structural system on the ceiling plane of the hall, designed for the realization of sports, music and speech activities in the sports activity areas. The prepared 3D models were transferred to the ODEON V10 program and the simulation process was repeated. As a result of all simulations, the values of the objective parameters of the sound obtained for indoor sports activity areas were compared and evaluated with each other and the accepted optimum value ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. A method for acoustic storage pest detection and its challenges.
- Author
-
Müller-Blenkle, Christina, Simon, Ulrich, Meyer, Ralf, Szallies, Isabell, Lorenz, Daniela, Prozell, Sabine, Schöller, Matthias, and Adler, Cornel S.
- Subjects
- *
INSECT sounds , *GRAIN storage , *SOUND recordings , *AGRICULTURE , *PESTS - Abstract
Insects in grain can cause serious problems, not only because they feed on the grains. Mass reproduction also causes additional moisture and heat due to the insects' metabolism. This leads to favourable conditions for moulds, which can cause major losses and the formation of mycotoxins. It is therefore important to detect and treat an infestation at an early stage. The "Beetle Sound Tube" system was developed as an acoustic early detection system for insects in grain, which makes it possible to detect even very low levels of infestation and inform the storekeeper by e-mail. The acoustic system remains in the grain during the storage period, and permanently records insect sounds. Challenges were encountered in the development of this acoustic monitoring system, such as analysing very quiet insect sounds in a noisy agricultural environment. In addition, the amount of data collected and the speed of analysis had to be optimised to achieve justin- time detection of insects. The acoustic tube system was developed for silos, flat stores and big bags and is therefore widely applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Effects of different cognitive functions on acoustic voice parameters in young adults.
- Author
-
Parlak, Mümüne Merve and Atalar, Merve Sapmaz
- Subjects
COGNITIVE ability ,VOICE disorder treatment ,SHORT-term memory ,ACOUSTICS ,TASK performance - Abstract
Copyright of Praxis of Otorhinolaryngology / Kulak Burun Boğaz Uygulamaları is the property of Official Journal of ENT-HNS Society of Istanbul and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Robotergestützte 3D-Laser-Doppler-Vibrometrie zur experimentellen Modalanalyse von elektrischen Maschinen.
- Author
-
Franck, Marius, Berft, Dennis, and Hameyer, Kay
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Kappe+ – Überprüfung einer traditionellen Bauweise auf ihre Leistungsfähigkeit für das Bauen von morgen.
- Author
-
Gengnagel, Christoph and Brechenmacher, Emil
- Subjects
- *
CIRCULAR economy , *RAPID prototyping , *HISTORIC buildings , *ACOUSTICS , *PHYSICS - Abstract
Kappe+ – evaluation of a traditional construction method as to its performance in today's context Due to their material volume, ceiling systems are one of the biggest challenges in mulit‐storey construction on the way to climate‐friendly building. Here, the traditional masonry cap ceiling proves to be a robust, efficient alternative with innovation potential. Compared to widely used reinforced concrete flat slabs, their production requires only 50 % of the grey energy. To further investigate their application potential, six ceiling systems for office or school use were comparatively examined. Detailed life cycle assessments (LCA) were carried out for these constructions based on pre‐dimensioning. While the reinforced concrete flat ceiling has a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 136 kgCO2e/m2, the vault ceiling achieves a value of only 64 kgCO2e/m2 in the most favourable case. In addition to assessing the energy input in manufacturing, principles of a circular economy are applied on both the material and construction side. Within a framework of practical experiments, three transformations were carried out on the historical construction: by substituting the steel girders in the system with timber, a new type of timber‐masonry hybrid system is created; with the help of digital manufacturing tools, an economical and contemporary production method is demonstrated; by optimising the bricks used, the raw ceiling is enriched with multifunctional acoustic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Experimentelle und numerische Analyse des Körperschallübertragungsverhaltens von Aggregatelagerelementen im akustisch relevanten Frequenzbereich
- Author
-
Watzl, Sebastian
- Subjects
Akustik ,Körperschall ,Aggregatelager ,Schall ,acoustics ,Structure borne noise ,engine mount ,noise ,Mechanical engineering and materials - Abstract
The structure-borne sound transmission properties of hydraulic and conventional engine mounts is analyzed experimentally and numerically in a acoustically relevant frequency range. In order to do so, first of all a test bench environment for analyzing the dynamic sound transmission properties is presented. In subsequent steps the main influence parameters on the transmission properties are determined experimentally and numerically.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Visualisierung/Kymatik der Laserfrequenzen
- Author
-
Földy, Andrea
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A portable noise-absorbing recording chamber for sound recordings of archaeological idiophones.
- Author
-
POMBERGER, Beate Maria and MÜHLHANS, Jörg
- Subjects
- *
SOUND recordings , *MINERAL wool , *NOISE control , *PLYWOOD , *QUARRIES & quarrying - Abstract
The article initially deals with the difficulties that can arise when sound recordings of archaeological sound objects are made in museum rooms. In order to reduce these problems as much as possible, a simple but effective, sound-reduced recording chamber has been developed. It is used in the FWF (Austrian Sciences Funds) project "Metallic Idiophones between 800 BC and 800 AD", which investigates bells, pellet bells, and jewelleries with jingles. The chamber was constructed from 8 mm thick poplar plywood panels. Its isolation consists of a double layer of mineral wool, Rockfon Facett Plano 20 mm. Measurements have shown a reduction of background noise by up to 21.4 dB SPL in various museum rooms. The transportable recording chamber is weighing only 7 kg and is therefore ideally suited for sound recordings in museums and other collections. This article describes shortly the making of the chamber and examines its noise reduction levels by means of a series of measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
10. Strukturdynamische Werkstoffdämpfung von Blechpaketen elektrischer Maschinen.
- Author
-
Franck, Marius, Jaeger, Markus, Groschup, Benedikt, and Hameyer, Kay
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Die Messung und Berechnung modaler Dämpfungen als Näherungsbeschreibung realer Systeme.
- Author
-
Jaeger, Markus, Franck, Marius, and Hameyer, Kay
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. SOUNDLAB AI Tool – Machine Learning zur Bestimmung des bewerteten Schalldämmmaßes.
- Author
-
Drass, Michael, Kraus, Michael Anton, Riedel, Henrik, and Stelzer, Ingo
- Subjects
SOUNDPROOFING ,MODERN architecture ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,BUILDING envelopes ,MACHINE learning ,FACADES - Abstract
Die moderne Architektur strebt nach transparenten Gebäudehüllen und insbesondere nach nachhaltigen und bauphysikalisch adäquaten Glasfassaden. Typischerweise werden Glasfassaden entworfen, um eine Vielzahl von Zielen zu erfüllen, eines davon sind die Anforderungen an den Schallschutz. Eine zuverlässige Abschätzung der Schalldämmeigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten ist aufgrund der Komplexität experimenteller Tests oder numerischer Simulationen zeitaufwendig und kostenintensiv. Daher wird in dieser Arbeit ein maschineller Lern‐Ansatz zur Prädiktion der akustischen Eigenschaften beliebiger Glasaufbauten vorgestellt. SOUNDLAB AI Tool – Machine learning for the determination of the weighted sound Insulation Value. Modern architecture strives for transparent building envelopes and, in particular, for sustainable and physically adequate glass facades. Typically, glass facades are designed to meet a variety of objectives, one of which is to satisfy sound insulation requirements. Reliable estimation of the sound insulation properties of arbitrary glass assemblies is time consuming and costly due to the complexity of experimental tests or numerical simulations. Therefore, this paper presents a machine learning approach for predicting the acoustic properties of various glass setups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. DOĞUŞKANLAR KURAMININ TEMEL MÜZİK KURAMLARINDA YERİ VE ÖNEMİ.
- Author
-
KAYA, İLHAMİ
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Akdeniz Sanat is the property of Akdeniz University, Faculty of Fine Arts and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Wie klingt die Maschine am Umrichter? Schnelle Berechnung und Auralisierung des Körperschalls.
- Author
-
Hanke, Martin and Wibbeler, Jürgen
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Methodik zur Bestimmung von optimalen Messpunkten bei der strukturdynamischen Vermessung elektrischer Maschinen.
- Author
-
Franck, Marius, Mönninghoff, Sebastian, Butterweck, Daniel, and Hameyer, Kay
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Application of multilateration for microphone localization using audio samples at room scale.
- Author
-
Wimberger, Peter and Reichl, Christoph
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Die Kopplung elektrotechnischer und strukturdynamischer Domänen zu einem NVH-Systemmodell eines elektrischen Antriebsstrangs.
- Author
-
Jaeger, Markus, Drichel, Pascal, Schröder, Michael, Berroth, Joerg, Jacobs, Georg, and Hameyer, Kay
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Potenzial von Baumrinde für den Einsatz als Schallabsorptionsmaterial.
- Author
-
Kain, Günther, Tudor, Eugenia, Dettendorfer, Anna, and Barbu, Marius‐Catalin
- Subjects
- *
ABSORPTION of sound , *AUDIO frequency , *BARK , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *LARCHES , *PARTICLES - Abstract
Potential of tree bark for the application as sound absorbing material Tree bark is a highly optimized natural material, which protects a tree from manifold damage at the peripheral layer. Hence, bark has some interesting technological properties, such as a low density and a good biological durability. In the wood‐industry, huge amounts of bark in pieces accrue, which are used to a low extend for high‐value applications. In this investigation, insulation panels from larch bark were produced and their inner structure was evaluated by means of CT. The sound absorption coefficient of panels with varying composition was investigated using impedance measurement and structure‐property relationships were evaluated. It was found that larch insulation panels can be applied as effective sound absorbers for frequencies higher than 500 Hz and that the frequency with the highest sound absorption can be affected changing the particle size of the panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Determining the Size of Single Bubbles with Passive Acoustic Measurements and Deep Learning
- Author
-
Weber, Dominik
- Subjects
Akustik ,neuronale Netzwerke ,Blasengröße ,Bubble size ,acoustics ,neural networks - Abstract
The bubble size distribution is an important parameter in many industrial processes, yet accurately measuring it remains challenging. In this work, a new method for determining the size of single bubbles is presented, which combines passive acoustic measurements with deep learning. A dataset was created containing recordings of bubble pulses and photo-optically determined target values for the respective bubbles’ sizes. Different neural networks, including fully connected feed-forward, convolutional, and long short-term memory networks, were trained on waveform, magnitude spectrum, and mel spectrogram inputs. Their performance was compared, and special consideration was given to how well the neural networks generalized on bubble sizes that were not part of the training set. Initial results were favourable, but extension of the dataset and testing of the method in pilot and industrial scale equipment are necessary for its validation. Die Blasengrößenverteilung ist ein wichtiger Parameter für viele industrielle Prozesse. Ihre Bestimmung ist in vielen Fällen allerdings eine Herausforderung. In dieser Arbeit wird eine neue Methode zur Bestimmung der Größe einzelner Blasen vorgeschlagen, die auf passiven akustischen Messungen und Deep Learning beruht. Eine Datenbank aus Aufnahmen der akustischen Emissionen von Blasen und der ihnen zugehörigen Zielgrößen, die foto-optisch bestimmt wurden, wurde angelegt. Verschiedene neuronale Netzwerke, darunter Feedforward Networks, Convolutional Neural Networks und Long Short-term Memory Networks wurden trainiert, wobei die Wellenform, der Betrag der Fourier-Transformierten und das Mel Spektrogramm der Audiodateien verwendet wurden. Die Resultate der neuronalen Netze wurden verglichen und besonderer Wert daraufgelegt, wie sie mit Blasengrößen, die nicht während des Trainings vorkamen, umgehen können. Obwohl die ersten Ergebnisse vielversprechend waren, ist eine Erweiterung der Datenbank und Test der Methode in Anlagen im Pilot- und Industriemaßstab für ihre Validierung erforderlich. submitted by Dominik Weber Masterarbeit Universität Linz 2023 Arbeit auf den öffentlichen PCs in den Bibliotheken der JKU+Medizin abrufbar
- Published
- 2023
20. Physikalisch informierte Interpolation von Richtcharakteristiken
- Author
-
Lemke, Mathias, Hölter, Arne, Ackermann, David, and Weinzierl, Stefan
- Subjects
600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten ,Akustik ,Richtcharakteristik ,acoustics ,interpolation - Abstract
Die Richtcharakteristik ist eine wichtige Kenngröße akustischer oder elektroakustischer Schallquellen. Eine präzise Darstellung ist zum Beispiel bei der Planung von Beschallungssystemen, bei raumakustischen Simulationen und bei der Auralisation virtueller akustischer Umgebungen von Bedeutung. Die Bestimmung der Charakteristik realer Quellen geschieht typischerweise experimentell mittels diskreter Mikrofonmessungen. Diese Messungen müssen dabei in fast allen Fällen interpoliert werden, entweder für das räumliche Upsampling auf höher aufgelöste Darstellungen der Daten, für die räumliche Neuabtastung auf ein anderes Abtastgitter oder für die Verwendung in Simulationen der Schallausbreitung. Hierbei sind unterschiedliche Interpolationstechniken etabliert, etwa Pseudo-Splines oder eine Interpolation über die Zerlegung in Kugelflächenfunktionen (Sphärisch Harmonische, SH) [1]. Die Leistung der Interpolationstechniken hängt vom verwendeten Abtastraster, aber auch vom Abstrahlungsmuster der Quellen selbst ab. Die Interpolation basiert zumeist auf mathematischen Ansatzfunktionen. Typischerweise werden keine physikalisch motivierten Nebenbedingungen berücksichtigt.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Adjungierten-basierte Optimierung von akustischen Berandungen im Zeitbereich mittels Volumenpenalisierung
- Author
-
Hölter, Arne, Porcinai, Emanuele, Lemke, Mathias, and Weinzierl, Stefan
- Subjects
600 Technik, Medizin, angewandte Wissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften::620 Ingenieurwissenschaften und zugeordnete Tätigkeiten ,Volumenpenalisierung ,Akustik ,acoustic simulation ,500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik::500 Naturwissenschaften::500 Naturwissenschaften und Mathematik ,acoustics ,akustische Simulationen - Abstract
Für akustische Simulationen werden in der Raumakustik meist strahlen- oder frequenzbasierte Methoden eingesetzt. Diese ben ̈otigen vergleichsweise geringe Rechenleistungen, sind jedoch in ihrer Genauigkeit begrenzt. Wellen- bzw. zeitbasierte Methoden wie die finite Differenzenmethode im Zeitbereich (FDTD) können eine deutlich höhere Genauigkeit erreichen, allerdings stellt insbesondere die Beschreibung von akustischen Berandungen eine Herausforderung dar. Ein vielversprechender Ansatz hierfür ist die Verwendung von Volumenpenalisierungsmethoden, wie sie in der Strömungsmechanik Anwendung finden. Hierbei wird der Strömungswiderstand (Darcy Term) und die Veränderung des effektiven Volumens in die beschreibenden Gleichungen eingebracht
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Development and validation of a finite-element model for predicting railway vehicle underfloor noise
- Author
-
Luo, Likun
- Subjects
FEM ,Akustik ,acoustics - Abstract
Noise reduction is important in developing a sustainable and environmentally friendly modern rail vehicle.A significant part of the train noise comes from the vehicle underfloor area due to the rolling noise generated at the wheel-rail interface, which could negatively affect the vehicle exterior as well as the interior noise level through different propagation mechanisms. For this reason, it is important to have a meaningful acoustic model that can investigate the underfloor noise already in the initial phase of the vehicle development process.This thesis presents the development of a 3D finite element model for predicting underfloor noise propagation of rail vehicles. The modeling approach is applied to a one-fourth model of the metro traintype X-Wagen from Siemens. The developed model is then validated with an outer pressure field measurementin the car body surroundings. The obtained simulation results show good agreement between the predicted and the measured values. Beyond that, the effect of the variation of certain model parameterson the prediction accuracy of the finite element model is also investigated in the framework of this thesis.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Zum Bassverhältnis in akustisch herausragenden Konzertsälen.
- Author
-
Fuchs, Helmut V.
- Abstract
Abstract:
On the bass ratio in five acoustically outstanding concert halls. Until 1962 all renowned acousticians agreed that one should damp the low frequencies in the reverberation of a room as much as possible. From then on a doctrine was unfortunately spread out that a rise of the bass regime could give music and speech more fullness and warmth and the listener a comfortable envelopment. This imagination still dominates, even in standards, although the leading initiator and supporter of a bass ratio BR > 1 as a quality criterion for acoustics has discarded his own dogma in his book of 2004. In the meantime numerous buildings and reconstructions showed equally subjective evidence that BR ≤ 1 represents an important goal for the desired clarity of music and intelligibility of speech. The objective reason for otherwise unwanted inevitable low‐frequency hum may be found in destructive interference effects of the direct sound of a source with early reflections from the ceiling and walls. The latter should therefore absorb the bass. How well this is achieved may be deduced from the reverberation time in the unoccupied room without heavily upholstered seats, i.e. measured without their absorption always dominating at the irrelevant mid frequencies. In fact, most famous concert halls like Musikvereinssaal in Vienna (of 1877), Concertgebouw in Amsterdam (of 1888), Symphony Hall in Boston (of 1900) und Berliner Philharmonie (of 1963), as well as several other venues with excellent acoustics exhibit a bass ratio BR ≤ 1. The Elbphilharmonie in Hamburg (of 2017) may serve as another example which is highly esteemed by musicians as well as by conscious listeners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Structural optimization of automobile upper components
- Author
-
Tuzla, Mustafa, Işık, Yahya, and Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi/Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/Makine Mühendisliği Konstrüksiyon ve İmalat Anabilim Dalı.
- Subjects
Akustik ,Kalınlık optimizasyonu ,NVH ,Kompozit malzemeler ,Tavan döşemesi ,Headliner ,Composite materials ,Acoustics ,Thickness optimization - Abstract
Otomobillerde araç içi gürültü, binek araçlar için müşterinin kalite algısını doğrudan etkileyen bir unsurdur. Son araştırmalar, modern otomobillerin NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness) üzerine yoğunlaştığını göstermektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar araç içi gürültü kontrolünde tavan döşemelerinin önemini ortaya çıkartmaktadır. Gelişen teknoloji ile OEM firmalar tavan döşemeleri üzerine yoğunlaşmış ve NVH analizleri için yatırımlarda bulunmuşlardır. Bu çalışmada araçların tavan döşemelerinin, malzeme özelliklerinin tanıtılması, akustik testler ve yöntemleri araştırılmıştır. Bu tez çalışmasında, tavan döşemelerinin akustik performansı incelenmiştir. Farklı malzeme ve farklı kalınlıkta tavan döşemelerinin ses yutum katsayıları hesaplanmıştır. Test sonuçları empedans tüpü yöntemi ile ölçülmüştür. In-vehicle noise is a factor that directly affects the customer's perception of quality for passenger cars. Recent research shows that modern cars focus on NVH (Noise, Vibration, Harshness). Studies reveal the importance of ceiling tiles in the control of in-vehicle noise. With the developing technology, OEM companies focused on ceiling tiles and made investments for NVH analysis. In this study, the introduction of the ceiling tiles, material properties, acoustic tests and methods of the vehicles were investigated. In this thesis, the acoustic performance of ceiling tiles was investigated. Sound absorption coefficients of ceiling tiles of different materials and different thicknesses were calculated. test results were measured by the impedance tube method.
- Published
- 2022
25. Design and placement of passive acoustic measures in early design phases
- Author
-
Rothe, Sebastian, Langer, Sabine Christine, and Bös, Joachim
- Subjects
Akustik ,Finite-Elemente-Methode ,Akustik -- Vibroakustik -- Design to Acoustics -- optimale Platzierung -- Sicken -- Punktmassen -- Dämpfungsschichten -- Passive Maßnahmen -- Finite-Elemente-Methode -- acoustics -- vibroacoustics -- design to acoustics -- optimal placement -- beads -- point masses -- damping layers -- passive measures -- finite element method ,finite element method ,Dämpfungsschichten ,optimale Platzierung ,vibroacoustics ,doctoral thesis ,design to acoustics ,ddc:6 ,Veröffentlichung der TU Braunschweig ,ddc:62 ,acoustics ,ddc:534 ,ddc:5 ,Punktmassen ,point masses ,beads ,damping layers ,passive measures ,Vibroakustik ,optimal placement ,ddc:53 ,ddc:620 ,Passive Maßnahmen ,Sicken - Abstract
The design and placement of passive measures for the improvement as well as the targeted adjustment of the vibroacoustic behaviour of technical products is often based on empirically determined rules or guidelines. Due to their general validity, potential for improvement often remains unused. Simulative optimization procedures, on the other hand, are often very time-consuming due to the frequency dependence of acoustic phenomena and many iterations. This dissertation is dedicated to the development of identification criteria for passive measures in early design phases, which already provide a placement and design proposal after one or a few calculation steps. Essential adjusting screws for influencing the vibroacoustic behaviour of technical products are changes in mass, stiffness and damping. Therefore, beads, damping layers and point masses are used as representative examples of these adjusting screws. At the beginning of the thesis, a general classification of acoustic principles and measures in the methodological terminology of product development (Design to Acoustics) is given and a suitable acoustic assessment of design variants is discussed. The core of the thesis are numerical position and design studies of the exemplary measures on a rectangular plate, based on direct solutions using the finite element method. A suitable assessment quantity for the variants is the structure-borne sound level. The aim is to minimise this quantity in a defined critical frequency range. An application-oriented focus is set and a manufacturing-oriented design is taken into account. Correlations between distributions of physical quantities of the structure and suitable positions of the measure form the basis for deriving identification criteria. The studies show that identification criteria can be obtained for all three measures with different robustness regarding changing boundary conditions and critical frequency ranges. The procedure and the most suitable criteria are successfully applied on a realistic car body structure (splash wall) at the end of the thesis. The identification criteria developed thus support the process towards an acoustic-oriented design and development in the early design phases., Das Design und die Platzierung passiver Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung sowie der gezielten Einstellung des vibroakustischen Verhaltens von technischen Produkten basiert häufig auf empirisch ermittelten Regeln oder Leitlinien. Aufgrund ihrer Allgemeingültigkeit bleibt Verbesserungspotential häufig ungenutzt. Simulative Optimierungsprozeduren sind dagegen aufgrund der Frequenzabhängigkeit akustischer Phänomene und vieler Iterationen oft sehr zeit- und kostenintensiv. Die vorliegende Dissertation widmet sich der Erarbeitung von Identifikationskriterien für passive Maßnahmen in frühen Entwicklungsphasen, die bereits nach einem oder wenigen Berechnungsschritten einen Platzierungs- und Designvorschlag liefern. Wesentliche Stellschrauben bei der Beeinflussung des vibroakustischen Verhaltens von technischen Produkten sind Änderungen der Masse, Steifigkeit und Dämpfung. Als repräsentative Beispiele für diese Stellschrauben werden daher Sicken, Dämpfungslagen und Punktmassen als Maßnahmen herangezogen. Zu Beginn der Arbeit wird eine übergeordnete Einordnung akustischer Prinzipien und Maßnahmen in die methodische Terminologie der Produktentwicklung (Design to Acoustics) unternommen sowie eine geeignete akustische Bewertung von Designvarianten diskutiert. Kern der Thesis sind numerische Positions- und Designstudien der exemplarischen Maßnahmen anhand einer Rechteckplatte, auf Basis direkter Lösungen mit Hilfe der Finite-Elemente-Methode. Als eine geeignete Bewertungsgröße der Varianten ergibt sich das Körperschallmaß. Das Ziel ist es, diese Größe in einem definierten kritischen Frequenzbereich zu minimieren. Hierbei wird ein anwendungsnaher Fokus gesetzt und die fertigungsgerechte Gestaltung mitberücksichtigt. Korrelationen zwischen Verteilungen physikalischer Größen der Struktur und geeigneten Positionen der Maßnahme bilden die Grundlage zur Ableitung von Identifikationskriterien. Die Studien zeigen, dass sich Identifikationskriterien für alle drei Maßnahmen mit unterschiedlicher Robustheit gegenüber sich ändernden Randbedingungen und kritischen Frequenzbereichen ableiten lassen. Das Vorgehen und die Kriterien die sich am besten eignen werden am Ende der Arbeit an einer realistischen Karosseriestruktur (Spritzwand) erfolgreich angewendet. Die erarbeiteten Identifikationskriterien unterstützen somit den Prozess hin zum akustikgerechten Entwickeln und Konstruieren in frühen Phasen der Produktentwicklung., Schriften des Instituts für Akustik, vol. 2
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Flutes of the first European farmers.
- Author
-
POMBERGER, Beate-Maria, KOTOVA, Nadezhda, and STADLER, Peter
- Subjects
- *
FARMERS , *CATTLE breeding , *NEOLITHIC Period , *MUSICAL instruments , *AGRICULTURE - Abstract
During the 6th millennium BC new cultures developed though new subsistence strategies like farming and cattle breeding -- combined with sedentariness, new types of houses, new tools and vessels made of burnt clay. Musical instruments created after own imaginations were formed from clay. Fragments of six possible vessel flutes were discovered in Brunn am Gebirge/locality Wolfholz in site 2 and 3, which date 5670-5350 calBC respectively 5300-5250 calBC. Their shapes are cylindrical and subconical. On the front side, they show three finger holes, on the backside one. Reconstruction with suitable mouth pieces allow five tunes in the fourth and fifth octave with sound levels between 74-93 db. The ranges were calculated until maximal 62 m at surroundings sound level in the free field of 42 dB. Similar objects, interpreted as idols, were found in the Late Starčevo site of Gellénháza, Hungary, in Ovcharovo-gorata and Hotnitsa in Bulgaria. One ball shaped ocarina derives from Mramor in Makedonia. Longbones of birds were still used in creating musical instruments as the small bone whistle from Sesklo, Greece, Middle Sesklo culture proves. Another fragment of a pipe with a finger hole was unearthed in Anzabegovo, Macedonia. The oldest pan pipe belonged to the grave good of a rich man's burial in Mariupol, Ukraine, from the Lower Don culture. Music -- compositions with melodies up from the fourth octave -- played certainly an important role in every day's live as well as in cultic ceremonies of the Early Neolithic people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
27. Development of a power reserve measuring device for the watch industry
- Author
-
Hodulik, Clemens
- Subjects
Schmitt trigger (comparator) ,Akustik ,Schallaufnahme ,Monostabile Kippstufe ,Sound pickup ,Schaltungstechnik ,Acoustics ,Spectral analysis ,Körperschall ,Acoustic measurement ,Technical acoustics ,Luftschall ,Monostable tilt stage ,Spektralanalyse ,Technische Akustik ,Messtechnik ,Electroacoustics ,Circuitry ,Elektroakustik ,Schmitt-Trigger (Komparator) ,Airborne sound ,Structure-borne sound - Abstract
Die Überprüfung der Gangreserve ist einer der wichtigsten Qualitätsprozesse sowohl in der Herstellung als auch im Service einer mechanischen Armband- oder Taschenuhr. Zieht man die Uhr mittels Aufzugskrone auf, wird die Zugfeder durch die Federwelle gespannt. Da die Feder ihren entspannten Ausgangszustand erreichen will, gibt sie Energie an das System ab. Das Qualitätsmerkmal der Gangreserve beschreibt die Dauer der abgegebenen Energie von Aufzug bis zum Stillstand der mechanischen Uhr. Da die Überprüfung der Gangreserve in vielen Betrieben noch manuell ausgeführt wird und einen hohen (Personal-)Aufwand für die Uhrmacher*innen darstellt, befasst sich die vorliegende Arbeit mit der Entwicklung eines Gangreservemessgeräts. Der Fokus der Untersuchung liegt auf der Auswahl des physikalischen Prinzips des Signalaufnehmers, der idealen Signalübertragung und der Schaltungsentwicklung für die Signalaufbereitung. Nach der Klanganalyse von Standardwerken der Uhrenindustrie werden notwendige Verstärkungsschaltungen und Frequenzfilter auf das Nutzsignal ausgelegt. Das verstärkte und gefilterte akustische Signal wird mittels Komparatorschaltung auf ein Vorhandensein einer laufenden mechanischen Uhr überprüft. Wird ein Messobjekt in die Messzelle eingelegt, detektiert der Aufnehmer das Ticken und startet die Messung. Sinkt die gespeicherte Spannenergie unter die für das System benötigte Energie, reicht die Kraft nicht mehr aus und das Uhrwerk kommt zum Stillstand. Da der Sensor kein aktives Signal mehr aufnehmen kann, wird die Messung beendet und die Gangdauer des Werks kann ermittelt und ausgegeben werden. The verification of the power reserve is one of the most important processes both in the manufacture and service of a mechanical wrist- or pocket watch. When the watch is wound up using the winding crown, the mainspring is tensioned by the spring shaft. As the spring seeks to reach its initial relaxed state, it releases energy into the system. The power reserve describes the duration of the energy released from wind-up to standstill of the mechanical watch. Since the checking of the power reserve is still performed manually in many companies and requires a significant manpower for the watchmakers, the present work deals with the development of a power reserve measuring device. The focus is on the selection of the physical principle of the signal transducer, the ideal signal transmission and the circuit design for the signal processing. After the sound analysis of standard watches, necessary amplification circuits and frequency filters are adjusted to the effective signal. The amplified and filtered signal is checked for the presence of a running mechanical watch by means of a comparator circuit. When a device is inserted into the measuring cell, the transducer detects the ticking sound and starts the measurement. If the stored tension energy falls below the energy required for the system, the force is no longer sufficient and the movement comes to a standstill. Since the sensor can no longer pick up an active signal, the measurement is terminated and the power reserve can be calculated.
- Published
- 2022
28. Framtidens bullerkartläggningsmodell i Sverige
- Author
-
Sturk, Johanna
- Subjects
Nordisk beräkningsmodell ,Akustik ,Beräkningsmodell ,CNOSSOS ,Vehicle Engineering ,Noise Emission ,Buller ,Mekanik ,Noise Mapping Model ,Acoustics ,Mechanics ,Farkostteknik - Abstract
An extensive technological shift is currently taking place to mitigate climate changeand this trend is particularly noticeable in the transport sector. This is interestingfrom an acoustical perspective, since it changes the noise environment in society.For example, a study in Gothenburg has shown that a complete electrification ofthe road traffic would reduce the noise levels by between 2 and 5 dB(A). In Sweden,noise emissions are calculated with a calculation model from 1996, called the Nordiskberäkningsmodell (Nordiska). Given the age of the model it is reasonable to investigate whether Sweden should change completely to the EU-common calculationmodel Common NOise aSSessment methOdS (CNOSSOS), since it is mandatory touse for national noise mapping. This master thesis has performed a computation analysis to compare and discussdifferences between CNOSSOS and Nordiska, to contribute to answering the question whether Sweden should change to CNOSSOS (or perhaps another model). Theresults show that CNOSSOS overall computes higher noise levels than Nordiska andthat the differences between them increase linearly with distance. Farthest from thenoise source the differences are up to 5 dB(A) for the road case and 9 dB(A) forthe railway case. In other words, the differences are larger for the railway trafficmodels than they are for the road traffic models, which is thought to be a result ofthe complexity of the CNOSSOS railway model. Another interesting phenomenonis that the differences behind buildings between the models are different for roadand railway traffic, which can be explained by the fact that the screening effects inNordiska’s road and railway models are different. My conclusion is that CNOSSOS is unsuitable for domestic calculations of noiseemissions. The model does not align with Swedish legislation and there is uncertaintydue to the fact that the differences between the CNOSSOS and Nordiska road andrailway models are different in size. Moreover, CNOSSOS railway model requires alot of computational power, which can delay and increase the costs of noise mappingor reduce the accuracy of the results. However, additional work is needed in whicheach calculation model is compared with measurements in situ to see which modelbest describes reality. If the conclusion thereafter is that CNOSSOS still is not asuitable option, it could be examined whether it is possible to create an updatedversion of Nord2000 (another Nordic calculation model used e.g. in Denmark) toobtain a calculation model that is more suitable for future traffic conditions. För att minska effekterna av de pågående klimatförändringarna pågår idag ett omfattande teknikskifte för bland annat väg- och spårburen trafik. Detta skifte är intressant ur ett akustiskt perspektiv eftersom det förändrar bullermiljön i samhället.Till exempel har en studie i Göteborg visat att en full elektrifiering av vägtrafiken hade reducerat bullernivåerna med mellan 2 och 5 dB(A). Bullret beräknasmed en beräkningsmodell och i Sverige används idag Nordisk beräkningsmodell från1996 (Nordiska). Givet att modellen är gammal finns det god anledning att utredaom Sverige borde byta helt till den EU-gemensamma beräkningsmodellen CommonNOise aSSessment methOdS (CNOSSOS), som dessutom är obligatorisk vid dennationella bullerkartläggningen. Detta examensarbete har gått ut på att utföra en beräkningsanalys i syfte att jämföra och diskutera skillnader mellan CNOSSOS och Nordiska, vilket är ett steg i attbesvara frågan om Sverige borde byta till CNOSSOS (eller kanske någon annan beräkningsmodell). Resultaten visar att CNOSSOS överlag beräknar högre ljudnivåerän Nordiska och att skillnaderna dem emellan ökar linjärt med avståndet. Längstbort från bullerkällan uppgår skillnaderna som mest till 5 dB(A) för vägfallet och9 dB(A) för spårfallet. Skillnaderna är alltså större för spårmodellen än de för vägmodellen och det tros bero på komplexiteten i CNOSSOS spårmodell. Ett annatintressant fenomen är att skillnaderna bakom byggnader är olika stora för väg- ochspårtrafik, vilket förklaras med att skärmeffekten i Nordiskas väg- och spårmodellär olika. Min slutsats är att CNOSSOS inte är lämplig för inhemska beräkningar. Modellenkrockar med svensk lagstiftning samtidigt som det föreligger en osäkerhet i att skillnaderna mellan väg- och spårmodellerna är olika stora. Därutöver kräver CNOSSOSspårmodell mycket datorkraft, vilket kan fördyra och fördröja bullerutredningar ellerminska noggrannheten i beräkningsresultat. För att säkert besvara frågan anser jagdock att man behöver utföra ytterligare arbete där respektive beräkningsmodell jämförs med mätningar in situ för att se vilken modell som stämmer bäst överens medverkligheten. Kommer man därefter fram till att CNOSSOS inte är ett alternativbör man utreda om det är möjligt att skapa en uppdaterad version av Nord2000 (enannan nordisk beräkningsmodell som används bland annat i Danmark) i syfte att fåen beräkningsmodell som är bättre anpassad för framtida trafikförhållanden.
- Published
- 2022
29. Numerical simulation of acoustic wave propagation with a focus on modeling sediment layers and large domains
- Author
-
Estensen, Elias
- Subjects
super grid ,numerical analysis ,finite differences ,Beräkningsmatematik ,ocean acoustics ,cylindriska koordinater ,Helmholtz ,acoustics ,summation by parts ,sediment layers ,absorbing layer ,vågekvationen ,computational science ,finita differenser ,numerisk analys ,super-grid ,cylindrical coordinates ,akustik ,Computational Mathematics ,waveholtz ,undervattensakustik ,interface ,wave equation ,sedimentskikt ,sbp ,beräkningsvetenskap ,absorberande lager - Abstract
In this report, we study how finite differences can be used to simulate acoustic wave propagation originating from a point source in the ocean using the Helmholtz equation. How to model sediment layers and the vast size of the ocean is studied in particular. The finite differences are implemented with summation by parts operators with boundary conditions enforced with simultaneous approximation terms and projection. The numerical solver is combined with the WaveHoltz method to improve the performance. Sediment layers are handled with interface conditions and the domain is artificially expanded using absorbing layers. The absorbing layer is implemented with an alternative approach to the super-grid method where the domain expansion is accomplished by altering the wave speed rather than with coordinate transformations. To isolate these issues, other parameters such as variations in the ocean floor are neglected. With this simplification, cylindrical coordinates are used and the angular variation is assumed to be zero. This reduces the problem to a quasi-three-dimensional system. We study how the parameters of the alternative absorbing layer approach affect its quality. The numerical solver is verified on several test cases and appears to work according to theory. Finally, a semi-realistic simulation is carried out and the solution seems correct in this setting.
- Published
- 2022
30. Challenges and Solutions in Design and Construction of Multi-storey Wooden Houses
- Author
-
Grut, Julia
- Subjects
Multi-storey building ,Akustik ,Flervåningshus ,Knowledge Management ,Fukt ,Wooden building ,Trähus ,Learning ,Acoustics ,Civil Engineering ,Samhällsbyggnadsteknik ,Moisture ,Lärande - Abstract
Bygg- samt fastighetsbranschen står för cirka 21% av koldioxidutsläppen i Sverige. Detta är ett problem som behöver lösas eftersom Sverige år 2017 antog ett klimatpolitiskt ramverk med målet att år 2045 inte ha några nettoutsläpp av växthusgaser till atmosfären. Ett ökat byggande i trä är en viktig del av lösningen för att nå målet om klimatneutralitet. Ett fastighetsbolag som håller på att bygga sitt första kontorshus i trä är Vasakronan, som kallas Magasin X. Det finns ett flertal utmaningar med att bygga flervåningshus i trä, dessa är bland annat fukt- och akustikproblem. Trä är ett fuktkänsligt material och om byggnaden skadas av fukt finns det en förhöjd risk för mögel som kan leda till hälsoproblem för framtida brukare av byggnaden. Gällande akustik, kan det bli lyhört, om inte hänsyn tas till materialets låga densitet. Detta examensarbete utfördes i samarbete med Vasakronan och har som syfte att identifiera drivkrafterna med att bygga flervåningshus i trä, identifiera kunskapsbrister samt identifiera förslag på lösningar inom fukt och akustik vid byggande av flervåningshus i trä. I detta examensarbete utfördes intervjuer samt observation som metoder. Observationen utfördes på en erfarenhetsträff angående byggprojektet Magasin X. Vid erfarenhetsträffen avhandlades utmaningar samt lösningar som uppkommit under projektet. Tematisk analys användes som metod för att analysera intervjuerna för att därmed besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar. Följande har identifierats som drivkrafter för att bygga flervåningshus i trä. För det första är det ett material som leder till lägre koldioxidutsläpp jämfört med betong. För det andra är det ett material som är lämpligt för industriellt byggande vilket innebär att det är lätt att tillverka byggdelar i fabrik. För det tredje är det ett material som bidrar med en bättre arbetsmiljö förde som arbetar med att uppföra byggnaden jämfört med vid uppförande av en byggnad av betong och stål. För det fjärde är det ett material som är lätt att kombinera med andra material och använda vid påbyggnader på grund av dess låga densitet. Den främsta anledningen till kunskapsbrister är begränsad erfarenhet att bygga flervåningshus i trä. Förslag på lösningar mot kunskapsbrister är att använda sig av aktiviteter som seminarium för att sprida kunskap inom ämnet, upprätta instruktioner och manualer vid användandet av nya byggmetoder. Dessutom är en lösning att bygga fler flervåningshus i trä för att ansamla erfarenhet och kunskap. Lösningar för att åtgärda fuktproblematik är att använda väderskydd på byggnaden, helklistrad plastfolie och tejp på bjälklaget samt vatten-dammsuga vid regn. Lösningar på akustikproblem är att installera installationsgolv eller installera ett tyngre övergolv med antingen betonggjutning eller spackel med stegljudsmatta. Om möjligt är väderskydd den mest effektiva åtgärden för att minska risken för fukt, dock är det en dyr lösning. Det finns dock andra åtgärder som inte är lika effektiva men billigare, som att använda plastfolie, presenningar och ställningar och tejp för att täcka bjälklag. Gällande akustiken har det dock det inte varit möjligt i denna studie att avgöra vilken akustisk lösningsom är att föredra. En drivkraft till att bygga flervåningshus i trä är att minska klimatpåverkan men för att upprätthålla ett hållbart skogsbruk är det viktigt att inte hugga ner för mycket träd. Därmed kan en hybridstomme vara ett bra alternativ för framtiden. The construction and real estate industry accounts for a large share of carbon dioxide emissions in Sweden, about 21% of greenhouse gas emissions. This is a problem that needs to be solved because in 2017 Sweden adopted a climate policy framework with the goal that by 2045 there will be no net emissions of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. Increased construction in wood is an important part of the solution to achieve the goal of climate neutrality. A real estate company that is building its first wooden office building is Vasakronan, which is called Magasin X. There are several challenges with building multi-storey houses in wood, these include moisture problems and acoustic problems. One factor is the risk of moisture as wood is a moisture-sensitive material and if the building is damaged by moisture, there is an increased risk of mold, which can lead to health problems for future users of the building. If the light density of the material is not considered, it might be inefficiently soundproof. This master thesis was carried out in collaboration with Vasakronan and aims to identify the driving forces in building multi-storey buildings in wood, identify lack of knowledge within building of multi-storey buildings in wood and identify and investigate solutions to solve issues with moisture and acoustics in the construction of multi-storey buildings in wood. In this thesis, interviews and observation were used as a method. The observation was carried out at an experience meeting regarding the construction project Magazine X. At the experience meeting, challenges and solutions that arose during the project were discussed. The thematic analysis was also used as a method for analyzing the interviews in order to answer the research questions. The following have been identified as driving forces for building multi-storey wooden buildings. First, it is a material that leads to lower carbon dioxide emissions compared to building in concrete. Secondly, it is a material that is suitable for industrial construction, which means that it is easy to manufacture building components in a factory. Thirdly, it is a material that contributes to a better working environment for those who work with the construction of the building compared to when constructing a building of concrete and steel. Fourth, it is a material that is easy to combine with other materials and use in extensions due to its low density. The main reason for lack of knowledge is lack of experience in building multi-storey wooden buildings. Suggestions for solutions to knowledge gaps are to use activities such as seminars to spread knowledge in the subject. Solutions to fix moisture problems are to use weather protection on the building, wet guard and tape on the framing of joists and soak up water in the risk of rain. Solutions to acoustic problems are to install installation floors or install a heavier top floor with either concrete casting or putty with sound insulation mat. If possible, weather protection is the most effective measure to reduce the risk of moisture, but it is an expensive solution. However, there are other measures that are not as effective but cheaper, such as using wet guard, tarpaulins and scaffolding and tape to cover framing of joists. It has not been possible to determine which acoustic solution is preferable. A driving force for building multi-storey wooden buildings is to reduce the climate impact, but in order to maintain sustainable forestry, it is important not to cut down too many trees. Thus, a hybrid frame can be a good alternative for the future.
- Published
- 2022
31. Ambient Music : Investigating spatial music as sounding architecture
- Author
-
Milveden, Jens
- Subjects
Akustik ,Musik ,Rumslighet ,Ljudinstallation ,Space ,Erik Satie ,Furniture Music ,Sonic ,Audiovisual ,Muzak ,Ambient ,Brian Eno ,Ambiens ,Generativ ,Architecture ,Dobewall ,Generative ,Spatial ,Landscape ,Musica Mundana ,Ljudlandskap ,Atmosfär ,Möblemangsmusik ,Bakgrundsmusik ,Atmosphere ,Musicology ,Installation ,Landskap ,Music For Airports ,Acoustics ,Indeterminacy ,Audiovisuell ,Background Music ,Ambience ,Sound ,Fenomenologi ,Voicelanding ,Soundscape ,Arkitektur ,John Cage ,Phenomenology ,Indeterminism ,Musikvetenskap ,Music - Abstract
”Ambient Music”, established and described by its ”creator” Brian Eno, has become a term with a wide range of uses - as generative music, in sound- and audiovisual art installation, a mediated ”sound” of a genre through albums and artists to plug in to during your daily walk - as well as any imaginable association with the term connected to public, spatial or virtual ambience. Through the liner notes of the genres original albums (Ambient 1: Music For Airports of 1978, and to some extent Discreet Music of 1975) it is clear though that the original idea is more related to listening to your own spatial awareness as a form of music rather than a following of certain sounds and conventions that the term has been associated with. At the time as a sonic alternative to conventional background music of public spaces. The author suggests that these ideas never would have surfaced if it wasn’t for the earlier ideas of Erik Satie and John Cage, whose sonic frameworks and instructions beyond the traditional music sheet were vital for Eno to create generative canvases of sounding art for the spaces. The paper then focuses on consolidating the term ”Ambient Music” with its frameworks in art and function by deconstructing it between spatial, architectonic usage and as a mediated genre of a ”sound”, via virtual generative music - and back again, via its original description of enhancing environments ”acoustic and atmospheric idiosyncracies”. With Eno’s original thesis in mind the paper continues to explore where ”Ambient Music” (through arguably its sub-genre, ”Spatial Music”) is today, as well as looking at the potential futures for the genres’ artistic functions as an established and accepted sonic element of physical architecture and public spaces. This exemplified by building a bridge between ”Ambient Music” and the modern ”non-ambient” sonic scenographer, ”Spatial Music”-artist Mareike Dobewall, for further discussions on sound art as sounding architecture - a potential future for the Ambient label.
- Published
- 2022
32. Untersuchung der strömungsinduzierten Geräuschentstehung in Flügelzellenpumpen von Kraftfahrzeugen
- Author
-
Hieronymus, Timm and Brenner, Gunther
- Subjects
Akustik ,doctoral thesis ,Abschlussarbeit ,Verdrängerpumpen ,ddc:620 ,CFD ,acoustics ,postive displacement pumps ,CFD -- Akustik -- Verdrängerpumpen -- acoustics -- postive displacement pumps - Abstract
In dieser Arbeit wird mit Hilfe numerischer Methoden die Geräuschcharakteristik von Flügelzellenpumpen in Getriebeanwendungen von der anregenden Pumpeninnenströmung bis zum abgestrahlten Luftschall modelliert. Dafür wird ein kombinierter CFD-FEM Ansatz gewählt. Eine 3D Simulation der Pumpe dient zur Berechnung der Strömung. Diese ist als URANS Simulation ausgeführt, wobei die Netzbewegung mit einer Morphing-Methode realisiert wird. Die Ergebnisse dieses Modells werden mit Kammerinnendruckmessungen einer Verdrängerkammer der Flügelzellenpumpe validiert. Für die Validierung werden verschiedene Betriebspunkte und deren Einfluss auf den Druckverlauf in einer Verdrängerkammer analysiert. Mit Hilfe dieses Modells werden die Ursachen für Druckschwankungen und -stöße während des Pumpenbetriebs untersucht. Optimierungspotenziale zeigen sich vor allem beim Übergang einer Verdrängerkammer vom Druckauslass zurück zum Saugeinlass. Der dort entstehende Druckstoß kann durch eine Modifikation nahezu komplett vermieden werden. Mit weiteren Untersuchungen einer Mehrphasenströmung werden Stellen, an denen sich hohe Luftanteile im Pumpenbetrieb sammeln, aufgezeigt. Außerdem werden die Auswirkungen von freier Luft im Öl auf den Druckverlauf in einer Verdrängerkammer, auf den volumetrischen Wirkungsgrad und auf das durch Fluidkräfte verursachte Drehmoment dargestellt. Die resultierende Kraft auf den Innenflächen der Flügelzellenpumpe wird genutzt, um die korrekte Übertragung der Strömungsvariablen vom Netz der CFD Simulation auf das Netz der FEM Simulation zu gewährleisten. Die für die Interpolation zwischen den Netzknoten verwendeten Parameter werden anhand dieses Kriteriums kalibriert. Eine angemessene Wahl der Zeitsignallänge und Zeitschrittweite für eine geeignete Frequenzauflösung des Drucksignals wird ebenso vorgestellt. Die nachfolgenden strukturmechanischen und vibroakustischen Simulationen nutzen die Anregungsgrößen aus der Strömung als Last. Verschiedene Randbedingungen des strukturmechanischen Modells werden im Rahmen dieser Arbeit untersucht. Zur Validierung des Modells werden Beschleunigungs- und Luftschallmessungen in einem Halbfeldraum herangezogen. Während die berechneten Beschleunigungswerte am Pumpengehäuse in der Größenordnung der gemessenen Werte liegen, zeigen sich im prognostizierten Luftschall starke Abweichungen. Diese Abweichungen werden unter anderem durch die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Simulationsmodell und dem Prüfstandsaufbau verursacht. Die Anbauten und Schläuche am Prüfstand sowie das angeschlossene Hydrauliksystem sind in der Simulation nicht abgebildet. Die qualitative Veränderung der Geräuschcharakteristik durch verschiedene Anregungsgrößen kann durch das Simulationsmodell jedoch erfasst werden. Untersuchungen mit dem Modell zeigen, dass ein höherer Luftanteil im System neben den hohen Anregungen zu den Hauptordnungen der Pumpe auch zu erhöhten Amplituden weiterer Frequenzen führt. Dadurch heben sich die Hauptordnungen nicht mehr so stark vom Grundniveau des Schalldruckpegels ab. Insgesamt steigen durch den Luftanteil jedoch die Druckschwankungen und anregenden Kräfte im System und führen zu einer erhöhten Schallabstrahlung der Pumpe. Werden die Fluidkräfte, die auf den Rotor wirken und die entstehenden Kräfte durch die Wandschubspannung berücksichtigt, zeigt sich, dass bei dem hier betrachteten Pumpentyp die größten resultierenden Kräfte in der Flügelzellenpumpe durch das hydrostatische Arbeitsprinzip und das sich in der Strömung ausbildende Druckfeld hervorgerufen werden. Durch den Übergang einer Verdrängerkammer vom Saug- in den Druckbereich oder umgekehrt, entstehen am Kurvenring Bereiche von der Winkelausdehnung einer Verdrängerkammer, die abwechselnd mit hohen und niedrigen Kräften belastet sind. Die Druckstöße in der Verdrängerkammer über das vom Verbraucher geforderte Druckniveau heraus haben dabei nur einen geringen Anteil an diesen Kräften. Der Hauptteil der Kräfte und der Schallentstehung wird über die Druckdifferenz zwischen Druck- und Saugbereich verursacht. Im finalen Schritt werden in dieser Arbeit die Auswirkungen des aus den CFD-Simulationen resultierenden Designs zur Reduzierung des Druckstoßes in einer Verdrängerkammer experimentell anhand von Drehzahlhochläufen und Schallleistungsmessungen überprüft. Hier bestätigt sich das Ergebnis aus der Untersuchung der Kräfte im Simulationsmodell. Ein reduzierter Druckstoß wirkt sich nicht maßgeblich auf die Geräuschcharakteristik der Pumpe aus. Lediglich bei hohen Drehzahlen ist eine leichte Tendenz zu einer verbesserten Geräuschcharakteristik des Designs mit den reduzierten Druckstößen erkennbar., In this thesis, a numerical approach is used to model the noise characteristics of rotary vane pumps in automatic transmission applications. The scope of this work includes the modeling of the stimulating internal oil flow of the pump as well as the modeling of the emitted structure-borne and airborne noise. For this task, a combined CFD-FEM approach is chosen. A 3D simulation of the pump is used to predict the flow. The simulation is carried out as an URANS simulation, whereby the mesh movement is performed using a morphing method. The results of this model are validated by the means of internal pressure measurements in a displacement chamber of the vane pump. Various operating points are investigated to validate the simulation and to analyze the influence on the pressure in a displacement chamber. This model is further used to investigate the causes of pressure fluctuations and pressure surges during the pump operation. There is potential for optimization for the pressure surge occurring during the transition of a displacement chamber from the delivery to the suction port. This pressure surge can almost be completely avoided by a modified design. With further investigations of a multiphase flow, locations of high volume fractions of air in the flow during pump operation are analyzed. In addition, the impact of free air in the oil flow on the pressure in a displacement chamber as well as on the volumetric efficiency and on the torque caused by fluid forces are shown. The resulting force on the inner surfaces of the vane pump is used to ensure the correct transfer of the flow variables from the CFD mesh to the FEM mesh. The parameters used for the interpolation between the mesh nodes are calibrated against this criterion. An appropriate choice of time signal length and time step size for a suitable frequency resolution of the pressure signal is presented, too. The following structural-mechanical and vibroacoustic simulations use the excitation variables from the flow as a load. Various boundary conditions of the structural-mechanical model are investigated in this work. Acceleration measurements and airborne noise measurements performed in a hemi-anechoic room are used to validate the model. While the calculated acceleration values on the pump housing are in the range of the measured values, there are strong deviations in the predicted airborne noise. These deviations are caused, among other things, by the discrepancy between the simulation model and the test bench setup. The attachments and hoses on the test bench and the connected hydraulic system are not modeled in the simulation. However, the qualitative change in the noise characteristics due to different excitation variables can be captured by the simulation model. By the use of the model, it is shown that a higher volume fraction of air in the system does not only lead to high excitations of the pump at the blade passing frequencies and its harmonics but also leads to increased amplitudes at additional frequencies. As a result, the blade passing frequency and its harmonics are less dominating in the sound pressure level. Overall, an introduced volume fraction of air in the flow increases the pressure fluctuations and stimulating forces in the system and leads to increased noise radiation of the pump. If the fluid forces that act on the rotor and the forces generated by the wall shear stress are taken into account, it becomes apparent that the largest resulting forces are caused by the hydrostatic working principle and the pressure field that forms in the flow of the investigated pump type. Due to the transition of a displacement chamber from the suction to the pressure port or vice versa, areas of the angular expansion of a displacement chamber on the cam ring are loaded alternately with high and low forces. The pressure surges in the displacement chamber exceeding the system pressure level only have a small proportion of these forces. The main part of the forces arises from the pressure difference between the delivery and suction port. In the final step of this thesis, the effects of a design change that reduces the pressure surge in a displacement chamber are experimentally validated using ramp-ups and sound power measurements. Here, the result from the investigation of the forces in the simulation model is confirmed. A reduced pressure surge does not have a significant effect on the noise characteristics of the pump. Only at high speeds, there is a slight tendency towards improved noise characteristics in the design with reduced pressure surges.
- Published
- 2022
33. Utveckling av en avstämbar akustisk transduktor med stor bandbredd som arbetar i kvantumregim
- Author
-
Hugot, Abel
- Subjects
Akustik ,Hybrida kvantsystem ,Impedansanpassning ,Physical Sciences ,Hybrid quantum systems ,Fysik ,Acoustics ,SQUIDs ,Impedance matching - Abstract
In the past decade we have seen fast development of new quantum technologies that promise to revolutionise communications and computing. Many different routes are explored to physically implement such quantum technologies. Among others, we can mention superconducting circuits, spin-based devices and photonic devices. An active area of research concerns hybrid quantum systems, which aim at combining the best properties of these different implementations. Recently quantum acoustics has been gaining interest as a potential intermediate in such hybrid systems. Indeed, phonons can couple to many different degrees of freedom and could therefore form an interface between different quantum systems.One method to convert microwaves to an acoustic signal relies on the exploitation of the piezoelectric effect. However, for transducer devices based on the piezoelectric effect, the operating bandwidth has remained limited. By using tunable matching circuits, we propose a device capable of performing piezoelectric transduction over large bandwidths. The tunability is achieved by using SQUID transmission lines. This work reports some preliminary studies towards the creation of such a platform. We conduct measurements at cryogenic temperatures on suspended lithium niobate delay lines. These allow us to characterise the dependence of the IDT response on various parameters such as the number of fingers and the angle relative to the underlying crystal. We show that certain angles favour transduction into a single acoustic mode. In parallel, we characterise transmission lines consisting of one-dimensional arrays of SQUIDs. By applying magnetic flux to these lines, we show that it is possible to tune their impedance. These experiments improved our understanding of both IDTs and SQUID transmission lines and pave the way for the implementation of our experimental platform. Under det senaste decenniet har vi sett en snabb utveckling av ny kvantteknologi som kommer att revolutionera telekommunikation och databehandling. Många olika vägar utforskas för att fysiskt realisera sådan kvantteknologi. Bland annat kan vi nämna supraledande kretsar, spinbaserade anordningar och fotoniska anordningar. Ett aktivt forskningsområde är hybrida kvantsystem som kombinera de bästa egenskaperna hos dessa olika tillämpningar. På senare tid har kvantakustik fått ökat intresse som en potentiell mellansteg i sådana hybridsystem. Fononer kan kopplas till många olika frihetsgrader och skulle därför kunna fungera som ett gränssnitt mellan olika kvantsystem.En metod för att omvandla mikrovågor till en akustisk signal bygger på utnyttjandet av den piezoelektriska effekten. För transduceranordningar som bygger på den piezoelektriska effekten har dock den operativa bandbredden fortfarande varit liten. Genom att använda avstämbara anpassningskretsar föreslår vi en anordning som kan utföra piezoelektrisk transduktion över stora bandbredder. Avstämbarheten uppnås med hjälp av SQUID-överföringsledningar. I detta arbete rapporteras några preliminära studier för att skapa en sådan plattform. Vi utför mätningar vid kryogena temperaturer på upphängda fördröjningsledningar av litiumniobat. Dessa gör det möjligt för oss att karakterisera IDT-svarets beroende av olika parametrar, t.ex. antalet fingrar och vinkeln i förhållande till den underliggande kristallen. Vi har visat att vissa vinklar gynnar transduktion till ett enda akustiskt läge. Parallellt karakteriserar vi transmissionsledningar som består av endimensionella matriser av SQUIDs. Genom att applicera magnetiskt flöde på dessa linjer visar vi att det är möjligt att ställa in deras impedans. Dessa experiment förbättrade vår förståelse av både IDT:er och SQUID-överföringslinjer och banar väg för genomförandet av vår experimentella plattform.
- Published
- 2022
34. Music and cultural center in Bruck an der Leitha
- Author
-
Wukits, Lukas
- Subjects
music school ,Akustik ,cultural center ,increase ,Kulturzentrum ,extension ,Aufstockung ,existing building ,Bestand ,Zubau ,Musikschule ,acoustics - Abstract
Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Erarbeitung einer Entwurfslösung für den Um- und Ausbau einer bestehenden Musikschule in Bruck an der Leitha in Niederösterreich. Nach einleitenden Worten zu verschiedenen Qualitäten und Potenzialen der Stadt folgt eine geschichtliche Beschreibung des Orts, welche auch die Entwicklungen des Bestandsgebäudes behandelt. Um der raumakustischen Situation des Gebäudes in der Entwurfsphase bestmöglich entgegnen zu können, folgt nach einer kurzen demografischen Datenanalyse der Stadt eine tiefergehende Beschreibung der Aspekte der Raum- und Bauakustik sowie Möglichkeiten von Ertüchtigungsmaßnahmen am Bestand. Im Zuge des Entwurfsprozesses entstand eine neue Zugangsszenerie, eine umfassende Umstrukturierung der Innenräume, eine Aufstockung für einen neuen Veranstaltungssaal sowie ein neu zu errichtender Zubau, welcher eine Verbindung mit dem bestehenden Gebäude erzeugt und durch den neu geschaffenen Hof neue Synergieeffekte im Umfeld generiert. This master thesis deals with the development of a design solution for the conversion and expansion of an existing music school in Bruck an der Leitha in Lower Austria. Indroductory words on the various qualities and potential of the city is followed by a historical description of the location, which also deals with the development of the existing building. In order to be able to respond to the room-acoustic situation of the building in the design phase in the best possible way, a brief demographic data analysis of the city is conducted. Furthermore a more detailed description of the aspects of room and building acoustics as well as options for upgrading the existing building are provided. In the course of the design phase, a new entrance scenery, comprehensive interior restructuring, an increase for a new event hall, and a new extension to be built were all created. These changes connect the new extension to the existing building and produce new synergy effects in the surrounding area through the newly created courtyard. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2022
- Published
- 2022
35. Transientes Simulationsmodell für die akustische Bewertung elektrischer Antriebe.
- Author
-
Herold, Thomas, Franck, David, Schröder, Michael, Böhmer, Stefan, and Hameyer, Kay
- Abstract
Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Çok Amaçlı Salon İç Mimarisinde Kullanılan Farklı Yüzey Kaplamalı Lif Levhaların Akustik Özelliklerinin İncelenmesi.
- Author
-
AÇIK, Cebrail and TUTUŞ, Ahmet
- Abstract
In this study, the loss of sound conductivity and sound absorption abilities of uncoated high-density fiberboards (HDF) and middle-density fiberboards (MDF) beside PVC melamine impregnated decorative paper and high-pressure laminate coated high-density fiberboards (HDF) and middle-density fiberboards (MDF) that have a thickness of 8 mm and were used particularly in multipurpose halls and interior architectures of conference halls, has been examined. Sound conductivity loss and sound absorption coefficient were determined according to ISO 10534-2 and ISO 354 standard. At the end of this study, it was determined that different surface coating materials have been used especially in interior decor and interior architecture, 8 mm thick MDF and HDF have important effect on the acoustics properties. Between frequencies 400-6300 Hz, approximately, the highest loss of sound conductivity was determined on the high-pressure laminate coated HDF and the lowest loss of sound conductivity on uncoated MDF. Between the frequencies 400-2000 Hz, approximately, the highest sound absorption coefficient was determined on the uncoated HDF and the lowest sound absorption coefficient was found on melamine impregnated paper coated HDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
37. Acoustic Observation of Zooplankton Using High Frequency Sonar.
- Author
-
Manik, Henry M.
- Abstract
Underwater acoustic sampling techniques provide an advantage over traditional net-sampling for zooplankton research. The research presents a methodology for extracting both biological and physical information from high frequency sonar. These methods can easily provide the information that will improve our understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of zooplankton. Measured acoustic data converted into biological organisms and numerical physics-based scattering models were used in this research. The numerical backscattering process was modeled using the Distorted-Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) to predict the amount of sound scattered by a weakly scattering animal. Both acoustic measurement and DWBA modeled scattering patterns showed that acoustic scattering levels are highly dependent on zooplankton orientation. The acoustic backscattering from zooplankton depends on the material properties (i.e. the sound speed and density of the zooplankton), the shape and size, and the orientation relative to the incident acoustic wave. DWBA model significantly improve the accuracy and precision of zooplankton acoustic surveys. Zooplankton data measurement and DWBA model analysis provide a basis for future acoustical studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Termiska egenskaper hos ett ljuddämpande hölje för 5G-Telekomutrustning
- Author
-
Rundström, Per
- Subjects
Akustik ,Shroud ,Thermal ,Teknik och teknologier ,Telecom ,Hölje ,Engineering and Technology ,Acoustics ,Värmeöverföring ,Casing ,Strömningsmekanik - Abstract
Around the world the implementation of the 5G mobile network is under way. With this latest generation of mobile data transfer comes many advantages compared to the previous generations. One tradeoff however is the reduced range of the transmitting radios due to the higher frequencies of the signal. One way to solve this is to place smaller radios closer to where the user is. This work studies one such radio and since it is cooled by fans and meant to be placed close to where people live and reside it is favorable to be able to reduce the noise transmitted to its surrounding. This work has therefor developed a proof of concept for a noise suppressing casing that accommodates three radios in order to reduce the total A-weighted sound power level that reaches its surrounding. This was done by using ducts with micro-perforated plates (MPPs) as a sound dampening element. To assist in the design process as well as to verify that placing the radios inside the casing did not raise the temperature of the radio’s component beyond acceptable levels a CFD-simulation was performed. The results of the CFD-simulations were also verified using an experiment where the radio’s temperature was recorded during different fan speeds. When measured, the casing lowered the total A-weighted sound power level of three radios by between 11.6 dB(A) and 14.2 dB(A) depending on the fan speed. The result of the thermal experiment show that the temperature was raised by between 2.8 °C and 5.9 °C depending on the fan speed, with higher fan speeds showing less difference when compared to the radio’s standalone performance. The results are deemed to show promise for the future use of casings fitted with Micro-perforated plates being used to reduce the noise transmitted by telecom radios. Runt om i världen pågår implementeringen av 5G-mobilnätet. Med den senaste generationens mobila dataöverföring kommer många nya fördelar jämfört med tidigare generationer. En nackdel är däremot den kortare räckvidden hos signalen på grund av den högre frekvens som sänds ut av radion. Ett sätt att kringgå detta är att placera mindre radior närmare där användaren befinner sig. Detta examensarbete utgår från en sådan radio och eftersom den kyls med fläktar och ska placeras nära där människor bor och vistas är det fördelaktigt att kunna sänka ljudet som når omgivningen. Därför har ett ljudisolerande hölje utvecklats med plats för tre telekomradior med syfte att sänka den totala A-vägda ljudeffektnivån som når dess omgivning. För att åstadkomma detta användes kanaler i kombination med mikroperforerade plåtar (MPPs) tillsammans som ett ljuddämpande element. Som ett verktyg i designprocessen och för att säkerställa att radions komponenter inte blev för varma gjordes en CFD-simulering. Resultatet av simuleringen verifierades även med ett experiment där temperaturen hos radions kylflänsar mättes under olika fläktvarvtal. När den totala A-vägda ljudeffektnivån mättes för höljet tillsammans med tre radior uppstod en sänkning med mellan 11,6 dB(A) och 14,2 dB(A) beroende på aktuellt fläktvarvtal. Resultatet från experimentet visade även att temperaturen på radions kylfläns höjdes med mellan 2,8 och 5,9 °C beroende på fläktvarvtal, med mindre skillnad för högre fläktvarvtal vid jämförelse med radions temperatur vid drift utan hölje. Resultaten anses visa på den goda potentialen av att använda höljen utrustade med mikroperforerade plåtar för att minska överfört ljud från telekomradior.
- Published
- 2021
39. Huvdesign för ljudämpning till 5G Teleutrustning
- Author
-
Andersson, David
- Subjects
Akustik ,Teleutrustning ,Shroud ,Kåpa ,Fluid Mechanics and Acoustics ,Telecom ,Strömningsmekanik och akustik ,Acoustics ,Noise reduction ,Ljudisolering ,5G - Abstract
As technology moves forward it has a tendency to consume more and more power that needs to be cooled by bigger and louder fans, this is especially true for the new generation of 5G radio equipment. This Master thesis is a collaboration with Ericsson and attempts to construct a shroud for containing a number of 5G radio units whilst attenuating the fan noise of the units as effectively as possible. In this project are air ducts used and at the ends silencers are created utilizing the Cremer impedance; the optimal wall impedance for damping an acoustic mode of a propagating wave. To predict the result, a simplified model in an acoustic FEM program was also explored and compared to the sound level of the constructed shroud. The finished shroud successfully reduces the noise of the radio units by 13 dB(A) while causing an increase in temperature of between 2.8°C to 5.9°C. This result was deemed to be a success and the Cremer impedance approach of reducing noise is therefore advised for future development. Allt eftersom tekniken går framåt tenderar den att också förbruka mer och mer energi som i sin tur måste kylas av kraftigare och mer högljudda fläktar, detta fenomen är särskilt påtagligt när det kommer till den senaste generationens radioutrustning för 5G. Detta examensarbete är ett samarbete mellan KTH och Ericsson med avsikt att skapa en kåpa som är designad för att innesluta ett bestämt antal 5G radiomoduler. Denna kåpa ska i så stor utsträckning som möjligt dämpa det fläktinducerade bullret. I det här projektet nyttjas kanaler med ljuddämpare vid ändarna som dämpar ljudet med hjälp av Cremerimpedans, dvs: den väggimpedans som optimalt dämpar en akustisk mod. För att kunna förutspå resultatet skapades en förenklad akustisk modell i ett FEM program. Resultatet från denna modell jämförs sedan med ljudeffektnivån från slutmätningen av den färdiga kåpan. Resultatet från slutmätningen visar att kåpan lyckas sänka radioenheternas totala ljudeffektnivå med 13 dB(A) samtidigt som en temperaturökning på mellan 2.8°C och 5.9°C erhålls. Det här resultatet bedöms vara en framgång, vilket leder till slutsatsen att ljuddämpning med användning av Cremerimpedans rekommenderas för vidare arbete.
- Published
- 2021
40. Acoustic Prediction Methods for Rocket Flame Deflector Design
- Author
-
RANOW, FREDRIK
- Subjects
Direktivitet ,Akustik ,Flamdeflektor ,Reflektivitet ,Launch pad ,Estimation methods ,Acoustics ,Uppskattningsmetoder ,Reflectivity ,Directivity ,Flame deflector ,Diffraktion ,Teknik och teknologier ,Uppskjutningsplattform ,Engineering and Technology ,Diffraction - Abstract
The aim of the project behind this report is to gain an understanding for the design criteria of launch pad flame deflectors used for launching rockets. This report presents an overview of the underlying phenomena, and then tackles the issue of estimating noise levels that come about during lift-off. Semi-empirical methods are used to accomplish this, and the same basic processes as those presented in a 1971 NASA report are used. The underlying assumptions and approximations used in this report are analysed, and a number of modifications are suggested. The results of these modifications are presented in comparison to the original model as well as data taken from the Ares I-X launch. It is found that the suggested methodology tends to overpredict where the SP-8072 method underpredicts, and that additional considerations regarding launch pad structure and water attenuation will need to be included for a more detailed understanding. Furthermore, the topic of acoustic reflectivity is investigated. It is demonstrated that this aspect is heavily dependent on the dimensions of the flame duct immediately downstream of the nozzle, and that further development is warranted. Målet med detta projekt är att öka förståelsen för flamdeflektorer och vad som avgör utformningen av dessa. Rapporten presenterar en översikt av de fenomen och mekanismer som alstrar ljud, och fokuserar sedan på att beskriva hur dessa ljudnivåer uppskattas. Semi-empiriska metoder används, och de processer som presenteras i en NASA-rapport från 1971 tillämpas. De antaganden och approximationer som används i denna analyseras, och en rad ändringar föreslås. Resultaten från dessa ändringar presenteras tillsammans med den oförändrade modellen tillsammans med uppmätt data från uppskjutningen av Ares I-X. Den föreslagna modellen visar sig överuppskatta där den oförändrade tenderar att underuppskatta. Ytterligare aspekter gällande uppskjutningsplattformens geometri samt den dämpande effekten vatten har behöver iakttas för en mer detaljerad modell. Akustisk reflektivitet och dess ljudbidrag undersöks. Det visas att denna aspekt beror starkt på dimensionerna för avgaskanalen direkt nedströms från dysan. Det finns därmed anledning för vidareutveckling av denna modell.
- Published
- 2021
41. Additional Refurbishment to a Standard Thermal Retrofit of an Educational Building
- Author
-
Cossa, Adrien
- Subjects
School building ,Akustik ,Schule ,Lüftung ,refurbishment ,lighting ,ventilation ,COVID-19 ,Sanierung ,Beleuchtung ,acoustics - Abstract
Da die Nachrüstung der thermischen Hülle zum De-facto-Standard für die Renovierung eines Gebäudes geworden ist, wurde die Qualität weiter vorangetrieben. Ein besonderes Augenmerk wird zurzeit auf das Konzept der holistischen Sanierung gelegt, d. h. auf die Integration neuer Komponenten, die a priori nicht relevant waren. Der erste Teil dieser Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit den historischen Gestaltungsregeln sowie den aktuellen Standards und Empfehlungen für Schulen. Er zeigt auf, wie sich Kriterien entwickelt haben, um neue Quantiäten zu berücksichtigen und die Qualität von Bildungsgebäuden zu verbessern.Der Hauptfokus dieser Arbeit liegt auf der komplementären Nachrüstung, die zusätzlich zur Standardnachrüstung der thermischen Hülle gemacht werden kann, und verwendet als Fallstudie eine 1968 in Oberösterreich erbaute Schule. Nach der Bewertung einiger Aspekte der Gebäudeleistung wurden Sanierungsmaßnahmen mit Schwerpunkt auf thermischem Komfort, Luftqualität und visuellen sowie akustischen Eigenschaften berücksichtigt. Im aktuellen Schulgebäude wurden Beleuchtungs- und Akustikmessungen durchgeführt, um vorhandene Daten von Hygrometrie- und CO2- Konzentrationssensoren zu vervollständigen und es wurden Energiesimulationen für verschiedene Lüftungsszenarien durchgeführt (einschließlich der Umsetzung der Empfehlungen des HLK-Sektors und der offiziellen österreichischen Anweisungen zur Senkung der Luftübertragung von Krankheiten wie COVID-19). In Python wurde ein konfigurierbares Befehlszeilen-Tool entwickelt, um die parametrische Analyse mit der EnergyPlus-Software zu automatisieren und viele Arten von Ergebnisdiagrammen für alle untersuchten Größen darzustellen. Der Quellcode ist frei und Open Source.Im dritten Abschnitt werden Mess- und Simulationsergebnisse analysiert und miteinander verglichen. Vor- und Nachteile von mechanisch belüfteten Klassenzimmern werden diskutiert, einschließlich des heiklen Themas der relativen Luftfeuchtigkeit. Die Notwendigkeit der Überwachung der CO2-Konzentration in ausschließlich natürlich belüfteten Klassenzimmern, wird hervorgehoben. Ideen und Ergebnisse aus früheren Arbeiten werden ebenfalls berücksichtigt, um Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der aktuellen Leistung des Fallstudienobjekts vorzuschlagen. Schließlich wird eine kurze Retrospektive mit Verbesserungsmöglichkeiten für das entwickelte Tool erstellt., As retrofitting of its thermal envelope has become the de facto standard way to renovate a building, quality has been pushed further and a special attention is now directed towards the concept of holistic refurbishment – that is to say, to integrate new components that were a priori not so relevant into the equation. Studying the historical design rules and the current standards and recommendations for schools – that is the first part of this thesis – shows how the criteria evolved to consider new quantities and improve the quality of educational buildings.The scope of this work is limited to what can be done complementary to a standard retrofit of the thermal envelope, and it uses as a case study a school built in 1968 in Upper Austria. After assessing some aspects of the building performance, refurbishment measures with focus on thermal comfort, air quality and visual as well as acoustical aspects have been considered. Lighting and acoustics measurements were made in the current school building to complete existing data coming from hygrometric and CO2 concentration sensors, and energy simulations were performed for different ventilation scenarios (including implementations of the HVAC sector’s recommendations and of the official Austrian instructions for lowering airborne transmissions of diseases like COVID-19). A command-line, configurable tool has been prototyped in Python to automate parametric analysis with the EnergyPlus software, and to plot many types of results graphs for all studied quantities. The source code is free and open source.In the third section, measurement and simulation results are analysed and compared to each other. Pros and cons of mechanically ventilated classrooms are discussed, including the delicate topic of relative humidity. The necessity of monitoring CO2 concentration in classrooms that rely on natural ventilation only is emphasized. Ideas and achievements from previous works are also taken in account to propose ways to improve the current performance of the case study object. Finally, a short retrospective suggesting possibilities for improvement is made on the developed tool.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Potentiell tillämpning av akustisk separationsteknik för att separera tungmetaller från sjö- och havsbottensediment
- Author
-
Lundblad, Ohan
- Subjects
akustisk partikelseparationsteknik ,Vehicle Engineering ,ultrasound ,acoustic particle separation ,partikelseparation ,akustisk partikelseparation ,acoustics ,Farkostteknik ,ultraljud ,akustik ,akustisk separationsteknik ,particle separation - Abstract
This work aims to investigate if it is realistic to use acoustic particle separation techniques for separating heavy-metals from pump-dredged seabed sediments on a large scale. A premise for the project has been that the material should undergo hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) before acoustic treatment. A number of scientific articles have been studied to understand where the frontier is regarding manipulating small particles in fluids using high frequency sound (ultrasound). Discussion has been held with experts on ultrasound, HTC and chemical analyses. In Conclusion, the feasibility of removal of heavy-metals from HTC-treated material using ultrasound have been evaluated based on theoretical possibilities, comparisons to a selection of similar studies, and on some measured properties of the material. Prerequisites for practical experiments, that would prove or disprove this feasibility, have been explored. The possibility to scale up the process has been discussed. Detta arbete söker svar på om det är realistiskt att använda akustiska metoder för att i stor skala sortera ut tungmetaller från pump-muddrat sjöbottensediment. Utgångspunkten har varit att materialet ska genomgå hydrotermisk karbonisering (HTC) innan akustisk behandling. Ett antal vetenskapliga rapporter har studerats för att kunna förstå var forskningsfronten är, gällande att manipulera små partiklar i vätska med hjälp av högfrekvent ljud (ultraljud). Diskussion har hållits med experter på ultraljud, HTC och kemisk analys. Avslutningsvis har möjligheten att avlägsna tungmetaller ifrån HTC-behandlat material med hjälp av ultraljud evaluerats, baserat på teoretiska möjligheter, jämförelser med ett urval av liknande studier, och begränsade mätningar av egenskaper hos materialet. Förutsättningarna för praktiska experiment, som skulle kunna bevisa eller motbevisa denna möjlighet, har utforskats. Möjligheten att skala upp processen har diskuterats.
- Published
- 2021
43. Küçük Hacimli Popüler Müzik Üretim Mekanlarının Akustik Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi Üzerine Bir Uygulama Örneği.
- Author
-
ÖZİŞ, Feridun
- Abstract
Copyright of Yedi is the property of YEDI (Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Guzel Sanatlar Fakultesi Yayini) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2014
44. İlköğretim okullarında gürültüden rahatsızlığın alan çalışmalarına bağlı olarak saptanması.
- Author
-
Bayazit, Nurgün Tamer, Küçükçıfçı, Suat, and Şan, Bilge
- Subjects
- *
FIELD research , *SCHOOL buildings , *ELEMENTARY schools , *CLASSROOMS , *STUDENTS , *TEACHERS , *ACOUSTICAL ceiling tiles , *NOISE pollution , *LEARNING - Abstract
The acoustic environment consists of background noise and constructive/distructive reflections, and the acoustic character of this environment can have a serious impact on the children activities. School buildings create the learning environment and students' awareness of this environment is important in relation to learning productivity, as are the comfort conditions of the learning space. The main requirement for ensuring comfort conditions is to ensure audibility of the oral communication; the children must be able to understand their teacher and to easily establish verbal contact. Besides various health effects, noise is irritating and has a negative impact on the verbal communication inside the classroom. For this reason, noise is considered the most important environmental pollution problem in schools. In this study, annoyance of elementary school students and teachers caused by the internal and external noise sources are examined. The students and the teachers in these schools are mostly exposed to airplane noise in Bakirkoy and traffic noise in Sisli. Parallel to the annoyance study, measurements of interior and exterior noise levels have been carried out during class and break times, to provide information on typical levels, to which students and teachers are exposed at school. It was found that these two main groups of school users were subject to high levels of ambient noise mainly caused by student activities and traffic. 5 minute measurements of ambient noise revealed an unacceptably high level of noise levels, exceeded the limits defined in the EU Directive 2002/49/EC and other national norms. Not a single classroom was within the recommended limits. Questionnaires were designed with different questions for teachers and students mainly designed to define their ability to discriminate different noise sources originating internally or externally, and their annoyance by these noise sources. Subjective responses of 5062 students and 339 teachers from 48 schools were measured on an annoyance scale ranging from "not at all annoyed" to "very annoyed" depending on the scale developed by the ICBEN team. The results reveal that the annoyance level of students is higher at school than home. The playground noise is considered the main external noise source and student activities (chatter, pulling desks etc.) is rated the main internal noise source for both groups. Both groups want their school to be located in a quieter area. This situation proves that it is necessary to take precautions about providing acoustic comfort in schools. Noise also affect teacher performance through interference in speech and teaching, and may contribute to voice problems in teachers as they tend to raise their vocal output to compete with the high noise level present in the classrooms. More than half of the teachers stated that they had to raise their voices to be sufficiently understood, in particular during summer time, when the windows are open, and this put a serious strain on their vocal cords and had health consequences. However, despite the fact that teachers are more sensitive to noise sources, students seem to be more annoyed by noise than teachers. Though it should be the teachers' task to inform the students about the adverse effects of noise and how to protect against it. This is one of the important social result of this study which requires a more detailed analysis. This survey indicates that schools exhibit inadequate acoustic conditions for the reduction of noise. Despite the use of doubleglazed windows their insufficient quality and air tightness as well as the lack of HVAC systems which necessitates open windows during summer are the main obstacles to noise reduction. None of the rooms exhibited the use of acoustically modified furniture partitions, drapes or acoustical ceiling tiles, or carpeting, which are the most effective measures in noise reduction. Lack of appropriate acoustical measures in the classrooms was apparent. The use of sound absorbing materials would also be effective in reducing the classroom internal noise level which was rated by teachers and students as the second most annoying source of noise. Before taking preventive measures at the building scale, avoiding exposure of children to environmental noise should be a major objective at the stage of land use planning and zoning. Policies and planning are needed, such as avoiding schools and daycare centers near sources of noise, including roads, railroad tracks and airports. Therefore, further investigations on the acoustic environment are necessary; upgrading of schools located around noisy airports, with sound insulation materials is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
45. Mechanical design and analyze of tapping machine used in building acoustic
- Author
-
Kavas, Mert, Baltacı, Aysun, and Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Gürültü ,Darbe Gürültüsü ,Akustik ,Akustik Ölçüm ,Darbe Gürültü Cihazı ,Impact Noise ,Tapping Machine ,Acoustics Measurement ,Bina Akustiği ,Acoustics ,Noise ,Building Acoustics - Abstract
Günümüzde inşa edilen yüksek katlı yapılardan dolayı, komşu hacimlerin birbirine gürültü iletimi üst seviyeye ulaşmıştır. Özellikle katı doğuşlu gürültü sorununa, inşa bittikten sonra müdahale etmek çok zordur. Bu sebepten dolayı henüz inşa aşamasındayken bina akustiği ölçümleri, bina içinde yaşayan insanların konforlu yaşamları için önemli bir hale gelmiştir. Bu ölçümlerin devlet denetiminde yapılabilmesi için Çevre ve Şehircilik Bakanlığı tarafından "Binaların Gürültüye Karşı Korunması Hakkında Yönetmelik" yayınlanmıştır. Yönetmelikte bahsi geçen ölçümlerin yapılabilmesi için farklı türde bina akustiği ölçüm ekipmanları kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bina akustiği ölçümlerinde kullanılan cihaz tiplerinden biri olan, darbe gürültüsü oluşturan cihazın tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen tasarımda, cihazın, tanımlandığı uluslararası ISO 140140-3 standarta uygun olarak, portatif bir cihaz olması hedeflenmiştir. Bu bağlamda gerçekleştirilen tasarım için kritik tasarım parametreleri belirlenmiş olup, cihazın çalışması esnasında cihaz bileşenlerinde oluşacak kuvvetler sonucunda ortaya çıkacak gerilmelere uygun malzemelerin seçimi yapılmıştır. Malzeme seçimlerinin doğru şekilde yapılabilmesi için üç boyutlu CAD modeli olarak hazırlanan tasarım sonlu elemanlar analizleri ANSYS yardımı ile incelenmiş ve tasarımda optimum şartlar belirlenmiştir. Böylelikle ülkemizde üretimi olmayan bu cihazın temininde, farklı ülkelere olan bağlılığını azaltmasına ön ayak olması amaç edinilmiştir., Today, due to the high-rise buildings constructed, the noise transmission of neighboring volumes to each other has reached a high level. It is very difficult to intervene especially after the construction of the structure-borne noise problem is finished. For this reason, building acoustics measurements during the construction phase have become important for the comfortable lives of the people living in the building. In order for these measurements to be carried out under state supervision, the Ministry issued a regulation. Different types of building acoustics measurement equipment are used for the measurements mentioned in the regulation. In this study, one of the types of devices used in building acoustics measurements, the design of the device that generates impact noise was realized. In the designed design, the device is intended to be a portable device in accordance with the international ISO 140140-3 standard in which it is defined. In this context, critical design parameters have been determined for the design and the materials suitable for the stresses that will occur as a result of the forces that will occur in the device components during the operation of the device have been selected. In order to make the material selection correctly, the design prepared as a three-dimensional CAD model was examined with finite element analysis and the optimum conditions were determined in the design. Thus, the aim of this device, which is not produced in our country, is to pave the way for reducing its loyalty to different countries.
- Published
- 2020
46. Samverkansbjälklag : En studie om KL-platta med samverkande betong
- Author
-
Nilsson, Ida and Svensson, Dennis
- Subjects
Akustik ,träbyggande ,wood construction ,Acoustics ,cross-laminated timber (CLT) ,timber-concrete composite (TCC) ,shear connectors ,KL-trä ,brand ,samverkansbjälklag ,skjuvförbindare ,Husbyggnad ,bending stiffness ,böjstyvhet ,fire ,Building Technologies - Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether timber-concrete composite (TCC) floors made of a CLT-deck and casted concrete could be used as a method for increasing the use of wood as a building material. Method: The methods used in this degree project were a literature study, in which a number of laws of construction and different connector systems were studied, as well as an experiment consisting of bending tests on CLT-decks with casted concrete where SFS VB-screws were used as shear connectors. Results: The TCC-beams in the experiment behaved as expected and went to bending failure. The beams displayed an almost invisible slip between the materials despite the low composite action of 40,2 %. In addition, the beams had a higher bending stiffness on average than CLT-beams of the same height would have. Conclusions: Compared to floors made entirely of wood, TCC-floors with CLT add extra mass, stiffness, and better acoustic properties to the construction while maintaining a low floor height. The three main types of connectors used in TCC floors are mechanical, notched and glued-in connectors, where the latter two generates higher composite action and stiffness. Adhesive connection is another method with great potential, but there is still more research needed for this type of connection to be used.
- Published
- 2020
47. Stimmungs- und Atmosphärenmanagement auf Messen
- Author
-
Danglmaier, Alice
- Subjects
Ambiente ,Akustik ,atmospheric design concept ,lighting ,Multisensualität ,atmosphärische Gestaltung ,Messen ,Farben ,Geruch ,color ,Messebau ,multisensory ,atmosphere ,smell ,Atmosphäre ,Beleuchtung ,acoustics ,Trade fairs - Abstract
Problemstellung Die Herausforderungen, vor denen das Messewesen aktuell steht, sind einerseits die Zunahme an Fachbereichen, andererseits der stetige Besucherzahlenrückgang. Die Atmosphäre ist ein relevanter Faktor, um eine größere Besucherzufriedenheit, höhere Wiederbesuchsraten und eine häufigere Weiterempfehlung zu generieren. Daher ist die verstärkte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Stimmungs- und Atmosphärenmanagement bei Messen notwendig. Methode Zur Beantwortung der Forschungsfragen wurde eine Literaturrecherche durchgeführt. Dabei wurde vorwiegend auf Studien der AUMA, Besucherbefragungen und Journals zurückgegriffen. Es wurde sowohl deutsche als auch englische Literatur verwendet, wobei besonders auf die Aktualität der Werke geachtet wurde. Ergebnis Studien zu Folge sind Farben, Beleuchtung, Akustik und Gerüche die wichtigsten Elemente, um eine angenehme Atmosphäre zu schaffen. Besonders relevant ist zudem die multisensorische Ansprache, um möglichst alle Sinne zu stimulieren. Gelingen die Umsetzung und die Ansprache aller Sinne, ist eine angenehme Stimmung, längere Aufenthalte und eine vermehrte Interaktion zwischen den Anwesenden das Ergebnis. Besonders warme Farbtöne, warme indirekte Lichtquellen, Instrumentalmusik und stimulierende Gerüche beeinflussen das Ambiente positiv. Zusammenfassung Die Atmosphäre spielt eine bedeutende Rolle, um den aktuellen Veränderungen entgegenzuwirken. Dem Stimmungsmanagement soll daher mehr Bedeutung zukommen. Dies legt nahe, dass der stimmige Einsatz von Licht, Akustik, Farben und Geruch innerhalb einer Messeveranstaltung notwendig ist. Dabei ist vor allem auf die spezifischen Wirkungen der einzelnen Elemente zu achten und auf die jeweiligen Anforderungen abzustimmen. Problem statement The challenges the trade fair industry is facing are, on the one hand, the increase in the number of specialist areas on offer and, on the other, the steady decline in the number of visitors. According to studies, atmosphere is a relevant factor in generating greater visitor satisfaction, higher revisit rates and more frequent referrals. Therefore, there is a need for increased attention to mood and atmosphere management at trade fairs. Method In order to answer the research questions, a literature research was carried out. The work is mainly based on AUMA studies, visitor surveys and journals. German and English literature was used, with attention paid to the topicality of the sources. Findings According to current studies colors, lighting, acoustics and smell are the most important elements to create a pleasant atmosphere. The multisensory approach is also particularly relevant in order to stimulate as many senses as possible. Therefore, the design concept should include several, coordinated design elements. If the realization and the addressing of all the senses succeed, a pleasant atmosphere, longer stays and an increased interaction between the present is the result. Particularly warm hues, warm indirect light sources, instrumental music and stimulating smells are intended to change the ambience significantly positively. Conclusion The atmosphere plays an important role in the assessment, revisiting and recommendation of a trade fair. The creation of a pleasant ambience should therefore be given more importance. This suggests that the harmonious use of light, acoustics, colors and odors within a trade fair event is necessary. In doing so, the specific effects of the individual elements must be considered and adapted to the respective requirements. eingereicht von: Alice Danglmaier Bachelorarbeit Bad Gleichenberg, Fachhochschule Joanneum 2020
- Published
- 2020
48. Cancel-Culture. Über Noise-Cancelling-Kopfhörer
- Author
-
Maren Haffke
- Subjects
Akustik ,Sound Studies ,Computer science ,Acoustics ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Active noise control - Published
- 2020
49. Microphone Localisation using Sound Waves and Multilateration
- Author
-
Wimberger, Peter
- Subjects
Lokalisation ,Mikrofone ,Akustik ,Multilateration ,Soundwaves ,Acoustics ,Schallwellen ,Localisation ,Microphones - Abstract
Diese Arbeit wurde im Rahmen des am AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology durchgeführten Forschungsprojekts SilentAirHP durchgeführt, das die Reduktion von Schallemissionen von Luft/Wasser-Wärmepumpen zum Ziel hat. In diesem Projekt wird ein akustischer Dom mit 64 Mikrofonen verwendet, um frequenz-, zeit- und raumaufgelöste akustische Daten zu erfassen. Exakte Koordinaten aller 64 Mikrofone werden zur Sicherstellung der Reproduzierbarkeit der Messungen, als Grundlage für andere Algorithmen (z.B. Schallleistungspegelanalyse) und zu Visualisierungszwecken (Plots und Augmented-Reality-Anwendungen) benötigt, sind aber von Hand nur schwer und ungenau zu erhalten. Um die Position dieser Mikrofone, d.h. ihre Raumkoordinaten, automatisch und effizient zu bestimmen, wird eine akustische Lösung unter Verwendung von Multilateration und Time Difference of Arrival entwickelt. Multilaterationsberechnungen verwenden Entfernungen zwischen mehreren Objekten, um relative Koordinaten zwischen diesen Objekten zu erhalten, ähnlich wie bei (satellitengestützten) Navigationssystemen wie GPS. Die Problemlösung soll modular und unabhängig von der Hard- und Softwareumgebung, dem Messverfahren und der Anwendung nutzbar gemacht werden. Das Berechnungsverfahren beginnt mit der Wiedergabe von vorgegebenen Samples auf Lautsprechern mit bekannten Koordinaten und der Aufzeichnung der Mikrofondaten. Durch die Korrelation der gesendeten mit den aufgezeichneten Daten ist es möglich, Zeitverschiebungen zu extrahieren, die durch unterschiedliche Abstände von jedem Mikrofon zu jedem Lautsprecher verursacht werden. Diese Zeitverschiebungen, die genau bekannten Lautsprecherkoordinaten und die temperaturabhängige Schallgeschwindigkeit werden als Input für den Multilaterationsalgorithmus verwendet, der die Koordinaten der Mikrofone zurückgibt. Zu den durchgeführten Aufgaben gehörten daher: Literaturrecherche, Entscheidung über die zu verwendende Hard- und Software, Entwurf des optimalen Lautsprecherausgangssamples, Entwicklung einer stabilen Anwendung, die auch von Personen ohne Programmiererfahrung verwendet werden kann, Verwendung robuster Algorithmen zur Aufzeichnung und Vorverarbeitung von Audiodaten, Implementierung von Datenkorrelationsmethoden und des Multilaterationsalgorithmus. Zusätzlich musste das Verfahren gründlich getestet und in den bestehenden Arbeitsablauf implementiert werden, einschließlich Datenerfassung, Analyse und Visualisierung. Für Messungen mit Sichtverbindung der Lautsprecher zum Mikrofon funktioniert das System innerhalb der geforderten Genauigkeiten, aber die Leistung lässt in Umgebungen mit zu vielen Mehrwegeffekten (Reflexion und Beugung) nach, was zu nicht wiederherstellbaren Informationsverlusten führt. SilentAirHP wird im Rahmen des Energieforschungsprogramms des Klima- und Energiefonds (5148527) unterstützt, das vom österreichischen Bundesministerium für Verkehr, Innovation und Technologie initiiert wurde., This thesis has been done in the framework of the SilentAirHP research project conducted at AIT - Austrian Institute of Technology, which aims to reduce the sound emission of air-to-water heat pumps. In this framework, an acoustic dome with 64 microphones is used to capture frequency-, time-, and space resolved acoustic data. Exact coordinates of all 64 microphones are needed to ensure reproducibility of measurements, as foundation for other algorithms (e.g. sound power level analysis) and for visualization purposes (plots and augmented reality applications), but are difficult and imprecise to produce by hand. In order to automatically and efficiently determine the position of these microphones, i.e. their spatial coordinates, an acoustic solution using multilateration and Time Difference of Arrival is being developed. Multilateration calculations use distances between multiple objects to obtain relative coordinates between those objects, similar to (satellite-based) navigation systems, such as GPS. The problem solution should be made modular and usable independent of the hard- and software environment, measurement procedure, and application. The calculation procedure starts by playing predetermined audio samples on speakers with known coordinates and recording the microphone data. By correlating the sent with the recorded data, it is possible to extract time offsets, which are caused by different distances from each microphone to each speaker. These time offsets (or 'delays'), the precisely known speakers' coordinates, and the temperature-dependent speed of sound are used as input for the multilateration algorithm, which returns the microphones' coordinates. Tasks therefore included: researching literature, deciding on hardware and software to use, designing the optimal speaker output sample, developing a stable application to be used by people without programming experience, using robust algorithms to record and pre-process audio data, implementing data correlation methods and the multilateration algorithm. Additionally, the procedure had to be tested thoroughly and implemented in the existing workflow, including data acquisition, analysis and visualization. For measurements in line of sight the system works within the accuracy required for the application, but performance degrades in settings with too many multipath effects (reflection and diffraction), which causes unrecoverable loss of information. SilentAirHP is supported in the framework of the Energy research program of the Climate and Energy Fund (5148527) initiated by the Austrian Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Türkçe konuşan geriatrik popülasyonun ses özelliklerinin akustik, aerodinamik ve algısal olarak değerlendirilmesi
- Author
-
Bağçeci, İrem, Özdemir, Ramazan Sertan, and Dil ve Konuşma Terapisi Anabilim Dalı
- Subjects
Akustik ,Perceptual ,Geriatrics ,Algısal ,Acoustics ,Instrumental ,Yaşlılık ve Ses ,Otorhinolaryngology (Ear-Nose-Throat) ,Aging and Voice ,Kulak Burun ve Boğaz ,Aletsel ,Geriatri - Abstract
Yaşlılıkla birlikte tüm vücutta gözle görülen yaşlanma etkileri aynı şekilde seste de görülür. Yaşanan anatomik ve fizyolojik değişimler sesin akustik, algısal ve aerodinamik özelliklerinin de değişmesine neden olur. Bu çalışma 60 yaş ve üzeri 47'i kadın 49'u erkek olmak üzere toplam 96 katılımcıyla yapılmıştır. Yapılan bu çalışmayla birlikte geriatrik popülasyonun akustik, algısal ve aerodinamik özelliklerinin betimlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. 96 katılımcıdan akustik ölçümler için F0, Jitter, Shimmer, HNR; algısal değerlendirme için SEÖ, SİYKÖ, GRBAS; aerodinamik ölçümler için ise s/z ve maksimum fonasyon süresi değerleri ölçülmüştür. Toplanan veriler yaş ve cinsiyete göre değerlendirilip karşılaştırılmıştır. Bunun sonucunda akustik ölçümlerde cinsiyet değişkenine göre istatistiki açıdan anlamlılık bulunmuş, yaşlı kadınlarda yetişkin kadınlara göre temel frekansta artış, yaşlı erkeklerde ise yetişkin erkeklere göre temel frekansta düşüş gözlemlenmiştir. Algısal ölçümlerde cinsiyet ve yaş değişkenine göre istatistiki açıdan anlamlılık bulunmuş, cinsiyet değişkenine göre bakıldığında yaşlı erkeklerde GRBAS skalasının pürüzlülüğü tanımlayan R parametresinin yüksek, yaşlı kadınlarda ise GRBAS skalasının güçsüzlüğü tanımlayan A parametresinin yüksek olduğu; SEÖ ve SİYKÖ ölçeklerinde yaşlı erkeklerin daha yüksek skorlara sahip olduğu gözlemlenmiştir. Yaş değişkenine bakıldığında ise 70+ yaş grubundan GRBAS skalasının güçsüzlüğü ifade eden A parametresi yüksek bulunmuştur. Aerodinamik değerlendirmelerde ise yaş değişkenine göre istatistiki açıdan anlamlılık bulunmuştur (p
- Published
- 2020
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.