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Few studies have investigated the association between PM 2.5 and hypertension among floating populations. We therefore examined the relationship using binary logistic regression. Each grade of increment in the annual average PM 2.5 (grade one: ≤15 µg/m 3 ; grade two: 15-25 µg/m 3 ; grade three: 25-35 µg/m 3 [Excluding 25]; grade four: ≥35 µg/m 3 ) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension (odds ratio [OR] = 1.081, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.034-1.129). Among the female floating population (OR = 1.114, 95% CI: 1.030-1.204), those with education level of primary school and below (OR = 1.140, 95% CI: 1.058-1.229), construction workers (OR = 1.228, 95% CI: 1.058-1.426), and those living in the eastern region of China (OR = 1.241, 95% CI: 1.145-1.346) were more vulnerable to PM 2.5 . These results indicate that PM 2.5 is positively associated with hypertension in floating populations. Floating populations who are female, less educated, construction workers, and living in the eastern region of China are more vulnerable to the adverse impacts of PM 2.5 .

There are limited studies investigating the association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases in China. This study aims to examine the short-term effects of PM 2.5 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A combination of Poisson-distribution generalized linear model and distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between short-term exposure to PM 2.5 and incident cases of CVD. The results revealed that per 10 µg/m 3 increment of PM 2.5 would increase the incident CVD cases by 0.147% (Relative Risk: 1.00147, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.00008-1.00286) at a lag of 2 days. The stratified analyses showed higher effects risk in females, older residents (aged 60-75 years), and acute myocardial infarction group (p-value for difference <0.05). This study indicates that short-term exposure to PM 2.5 may increase the risk of CVD and highlights the necessity for a higher air quality standard in Yantai, China.

Stroke is a significant global cause of disability and death, and its burden has been on the rise, while ambient air pollution has been conclusively linked to stroke incidence. However, knowledge about effects of atmospheric oxidation on stroke and its interactions with fine particles (PM 2.5 ) are still limited. In this study, we investigated the short-term effects of ambient NO 2 , O 3 , and their combined oxidation (O wt ) on first-ever stroke, based on data from the China National Stroke Screening Survey (CNSSS) conducted from 2013 to 2015. We found significant association between ambient NO 2 exposure at lag0 day with first-ever stroke, with a 13.1 % (95 % CI: 3.5 %, 23.6 %) increase in the first-ever stroke risk per 10 μg/m 3 exposure. We also found a significant interaction between NO 2 and PM 2.5 (p < 0.05): first-ever stroke risk increased 23.8 % (95 % CI: 9.6 %, 39.8 %) per 10 μg/m 3 NO 2 exposure in population exposed to higher PM 2.5 concentrations, while no significant association was found in population exposed to lower PM 2.5 concentrations. The results of stratified analyses indicated that physical inactivity enhanced the detrimental effects of O 3 and O wt exposure, while smoking and transient ischemic attack (TIA) history enhanced the detrimental effects of NO 2 exposure. However, TIA history appeared to mitigate the adverse effects of O 3 exposure. This study is helpful to better understand the impact of ambient oxidation on stroke, as well as its interaction with PM 2.5 , and has implications for policies and standards for atmospheric protection and governance., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Limited studies examined the interaction effects between exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and economic development on the settlement intention of floating population. We used binary logistic model to examine the association of PM 2.5 , per capita GDP (PGDP), PM 2.5 [Formula: see text] PGDP on the settlement intention. Additive interaction term of PM 2.5 and PGDP level was used to investigate their interactive effects. Overall, each one grade increment in annual average PM 2.5 was associated with decreased probability of settlement intention (OR = 0.847, 95%CI: 0.811-0.885). The interaction effect between PM 2.5 and PGDP on settlement intention was significant (OR = 1.168, 95%CI: 1.142-1.194). The stratified analysis showed PM 2.5 exhibits lower settlement intention in the aged 55 years or above, engaged in low-skilled works, and living in the western China. This study indicates that PM 2.5 -exposed will decrease the settlement intention of floating population. High economic development level can weaken the relationship between PM 2.5 and settlement intention. Policymakers should balance the socio-economic development and environmental health and focus on vulnerable population., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There are limited studies investigating the relationship between exposure to PM 2.5 and the health status among the mobile population. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a nationally representative sample (2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data) consisting of 169,469 mobile population. The ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the association between PM 2.5 and the health status in mobile population. Stratified analyses were performed to identify whether the association varied across gender, age group, and regions in China. Overall, every 10 μg/m 3 increment in annual average PM 2.5 was associated with increased risk of poor self-reported health (OR = 1.021, 95% CI: 1.012-1.030). Mobile population aged 31-49 years and living in the central region suffers the highest PM 2.5 -associated health risk (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.019-1.042; OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.075-1.116). Our study suggests that PM 2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of poor self-reported health in mobile population, particularly among the population aged 31-49 years and people living in the central region of China. Policymakers should pay more attention to the vulnerable mobile population to tackle the health burden of ambient air pollution., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

There are limited studies examining the association between PM 2.5 exposure and incident cerebrovascular disease (CD) cases in China. In this study, daily counts of incident CD cases and daily PM 2.5 concentrations were obtained in Yantai, Shandong Province, China from 2014 to 2019. We used a combination of the Poisson-distribution generalized linear model (GLM) and a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to examine the association of short-term exposure to ambient PM 2.5 and incident cases of CD. The results revealed that for every 10 μg/m 3 increment of PM 2.5 would increase the incident CD cases by 0.216% (RR:1.00216, 95%CI:1.0016-1.0028) at lag4. The stratified analysis demonstrated that the females and residents aged 65 years or above presented higher short-term PM 2.5 -associated CD risks than the males and aged below 65 years. Targeted prevention strategies should be adopted to reduce the PM 2.5 -related CD burden, especially for the susceptible population in China., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Few studies investigated the effects of exposure to NO2 on health status in the Chinese floating population. The present cross-sectional study evaluated the association of ambient NO2 with health status in a floating population in China. Data on 168961 floating individuals in 338 cities were obtained from the 2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey. The association between exposure to NO2 and self-related health (SRH) status was assessed by binary logistic regression analysis, both in the entire subject cohort and in subgroups assorted by socioeconomic levels and demographic characteristics. The robustness of the associations between NO2 exposure and health status was evaluated by sensitivity analyses. Each grade increment of annual average NO2 exposure was found to increase the risk of poor SRH by 2.4% in the floating population (odds ratio [OR] = 1.024, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.011–1.038). When subgrouped by age, subjects in the floating population aged 31–49 years had the highest NO2 associated health risk (OR = 1.036, 95% CI: 1.018–1.054). When subgrouped by per capita gross domestic product (PGDP), subjects in regions with mid-level PDGP had the highest NO2 associated SRH (OR = 1.116, 95% CI: 1.091–1.141). These findings indicated that exposure to NO2 increases the risk of poor SRH in the floating population, with individuals aged 31–49 years and those living in mid-level PGDP regions being more sensitive to the adverse effects of NO2. More effective strategies to reduce air pollution may improve the health status of the floating population in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited studies investigating the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) cases in China. This study aims to examine the short-term effects of PM2.5 on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. A combination of Poisson-distribution generalized linear model and distributed lag non-linear model was used to examine the association between short-term exposure to PM2.5 and incident cases of CVD. The results revealed that per 10 µg/m3 increment of PM2.5 would increase the incident CVD cases by 0.147% (Relative Risk: 1.00147, 95% Confidence Interval: 1.00008–1.00286) at a lag of 2 days. The stratified analyses showed higher effects risk in females, older residents (aged 60–75 years), and acute myocardial infarction group (p-value for difference <0.05). This study indicates that short-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of CVD and highlights the necessity for a higher air quality standard in Yantai, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Limited studies examined the interaction effects between exposure to ambient PM2.5 and economic development on the settlement intention of floating population. We used binary logistic model to examine the association of PM2.5, per capita GDP (PGDP), PM2.5 × PGDP on the settlement intention. Additive interaction term of PM2.5 and PGDP level was used to investigate their interactive effects. Overall, each one grade increment in annual average PM2.5 was associated with decreased probability of settlement intention (OR = 0.847, 95%CI: 0.811–0.885). The interaction effect between PM2.5 and PGDP on settlement intention was significant (OR = 1.168, 95%CI: 1.142–1.194). The stratified analysis showed PM2.5 exhibits lower settlement intention in the aged 55 years or above, engaged in low-skilled works, and living in the western China. This study indicates that PM2.5-exposed will decrease the settlement intention of floating population. High economic development level can weaken the relationship between PM2.5 and settlement intention. Policymakers should balance the socio-economic development and environmental health and focus on vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited studies investigating the relationship between exposure to PM2.5 and the health status among the mobile population. A cross-sectional analysis was performed in a nationally representative sample (2017 China Migrants Dynamic Survey data) consisting of 169,469 mobile population. The ordered logistic regression model was used to examine the association between PM2.5 and the health status in mobile population. Stratified analyses were performed to identify whether the association varied across gender, age group, and regions in China. Overall, every 10 μg/m3 increment in annual average PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of poor self-reported health (OR = 1.021, 95% CI: 1.012–1.030). Mobile population aged 31–49 years and living in the central region suffers the highest PM2.5-associated health risk (OR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.019–1.042; OR = 1.095, 95% CI: 1.075–1.116). Our study suggests that PM2.5 exposure was associated with an increased risk of poor self-reported health in mobile population, particularly among the population aged 31–49 years and people living in the central region of China. Policymakers should pay more attention to the vulnerable mobile population to tackle the health burden of ambient air pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are limited studies examining the association between PM2.5 exposure and incident cerebrovascular disease (CD) cases in China. In this study, daily counts of incident CD cases and daily PM2.5 concentrations were obtained in Yantai, Shandong Province, China from 2014 to 2019. We used a combination of the Poisson-distribution generalized linear model (GLM) and a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to examine the association of short-term exposure to ambient PM2.5 and incident cases of CD. The results revealed that for every 10 μg/m3 increment of PM2.5 would increase the incident CD cases by 0.216% (RR:1.00216, 95%CI:1.0016–1.0028) at lag4. The stratified analysis demonstrated that the females and residents aged 65 years or above presented higher short-term PM2.5-associated CD risks than the males and aged below 65 years. Targeted prevention strategies should be adopted to reduce the PM2.5-related CD burden, especially for the susceptible population in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]