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The novel doubly borylated enolate is identified as an intermediate of the double aldol reaction of acetate esters. As a precursor to the formation of the doubly borylated enolate, carbon-bound boron enolates of carboxylic esters are spectroscopically characterized for the first time. When 2,6-diisopropylphenyl acetate (10d) is treated with c-Hex(2)BOTf (1.3 equiv) and triethylamine (1.5 equiv) in CDCl(3), the corresponding mono-enolate is formed as a mixture of oxygen- (11d) and carbon-bound (12d) forms in 71% and 20% yields, respectively. The structures of these enolates have been unambiguously determined by NMR spectroscopy. Investigation of the enolization of a series of substituted aryl acetates shows that the steric factor of the acetate affects the degree of the mono-enolate (as a mixture of oxygen- and carbon-bound enolates) and the doubly borylated enolate formation. Studies also revealed that oxygen- and carbon-bound boron enolates exist as equilibrium mixtures and that a proton transfer process occurs between oxygen- and carbon-bound enolates. The doubly borylated enolate formation is general for a variety of carbonyl compounds. Besides acetate esters, carbonyl containing compounds, such as acetic acid, dimethylacetamide, methoxyacetone, and 3-acetyl-2-oxazolidinone, also produce the doubly borylated enolates when treated with c-Hex(2)BOTf (2.5 equiv) and triethylamine (3.0 equiv). A plausible pathway of the double aldol reaction involving a carbon-bound boron enolate as a key intermediate is proposed.

A new chiral reagent for syn-selective aldol reactions has been developed based on the recent finding that the stereochemistry of the boron-mediated aldol reaction of a carboxylic ester is controlled by the bulkiness of the alcohol moiety of the ester, by the proper choice of reagents, and by the enolization conditions. This readily available, inexpensive reagent has been utilized in studies directed towards the synthesis of the macrolide tedanolide.

New chiral auxiliaries based on the bicyclic-isoxazolidine skeleton, 3-oxa-2,7-diazabicylo[3,3,0]octane derivatives, were synthesized in 60–80% overall yields from amino acids. Asymmetric alkylation and boron aldol reaction using the auxiliaries proceeded with high selectivities. “Carboxylic amide” has been used for the asymmetric boron-mediated aldol reaction for the first time.

Treatment of chiral oxazolidinone with Bu 2 BOTf (2.5 equiv.) and Et 3 N (3.0 equiv.) quantitatively produced the doubly borylated enolate, which afforded the double aldol products with high diastereoselectivity after reaction with aldehydes.

New chiral auxiliaries based on the bicyclic-isoxazolidine skeleton, 3-oxa-2,7-diazabicylo[3,3,0]octane derivatives, were synthesized in 60–80% overall yields from amino acids. Asymmetric alkylation and boron aldol reaction using the auxiliaries proceeded with high selectivities. “Carboxylic amide” has been used for the asymmetric boron-mediated aldol reaction for the first time.

A new chiral reagent for syn-selective aldol reactions has been developed based on the recent finding that the stereochemistry of the boron-mediated aldol reaction of a carboxylic ester is controlled by the bulkiness of the alcohol moiety of the ester, by the proper choice of reagents, and by the enolization conditions. This readily available, inexpensive reagent has been utilized in studies directed towards the synthesis of the macrolide tedanolide.

Boron-mediated aldol reaction of carboxylic esters is described in detail. Contrary to the gener-al belief that carboxylic esters are inert toward the conventional enolization conditions, propionate esters are shqwn to have adequate reactivity on the boron-mediated aldol reaction. More impor-tantly, the stereochemical course of the aldol reaction can be controlled by the judicious choice of the enolization reagents. Complementary anti- and syn-selective asymmetric aldol reaction of structurally related chiral esters are developed. Also, novel double aldol reaction is discovered with acetate esters, which provides a precursor to the synthesis of chiral triols of C3-symmetry. Extensive NMR experiments lead to characterize the first carbon-bound boron enolates and the novel doubly borylate enolates as intermediates of the double aldol reaction. A plausible mecha-nism of the double aldol reaction is proposed.

(2S,3R)-2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-pentanediol R 2(N-Benzyl-N-mesitylenesulfonyl)amino-1-phenyl-1-propyl propionate Is this (+)-1 I (1′R)-Phenyl-(2′S)-[(phenylmethyl)[(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)sulfonyl]amino-propyl(3R)-hydroxy-(2R),4-dimethylpentanoate 2 R (2S,3R)-2,4-Dimethyl-1,3-pentanediol 3 2-(N-Benzyl-N-mesitylenesulfonyl)amino-1-phenyl-propanol Keywords: stereoselective reactions, enantioselective; stereoselective reactions, diastereoselective; alkylation, C-alkylation (including Aldol, Michael, and Friedel-Crafts reactions); metal-catalyzed reactions (exclusive of reductions); reduction, CO2RCH2OH; alkylation N-alkylation

The boron-mediated aldol reaction of carboxylic esters is described in detail. Contrary to the general belief that carboxylic esters are inert under the condition of the boron enolate formation, propionate esters are enolized with certain combinations of a boron triflate and an amine. More importantly, the stereochemical course of the aldol reaction can be controlled by the judicious selection of the enolization reagents. Treatment of propionate esters with c-Hex2BOTf and triethylamine produces anti-aldol products, and that with Bu2BOTf and diisopropylethylamine gives syn-aldol products selectively after reaction with aldehydes. Complementary anti- and syn-selective asymmetric aldol reactions with structurally related, readily available chiral norephedrine-derived propionate esters are developed.