1. What names for covert awareness? A systematic review
- Author
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Schnakers, Caroline, Bauer, Chase, Formisano, Rita, Noé, Enrique, Llorens, Roberto, Lejeune, Nicolas, Farisco, Michele, Teixeira, Liliana, Morrissey, Ann-Marie, De Marco, Sabrina, Veeramuthu, Vigneswaran, Ilina, Kseniya, Edlow, Brian L., Gosseries, Olivia, Zandalasini, Matteo, De Bellis, Francesco, Thibaut, Aurore, and Estraneo, Anna
- Subjects
Anestesi och intensivvård ,Vegetative state ,Anesthesiology and Intensive Care ,Neurologi ,Covert awareness ,R Medicina (General) ,RC0321 Neurociencia. La psiquiatría biológica. Neuropsiquiatría ,consciousness ,Cognitive motor dissociation ,Non-behavioral ,MCS ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology ,Neurology ,Functional locked-in ,Consciousnes ,Non-behavioral MCS ,Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome ,non-behavioral MCS ,Biological Psychiatry ,Minimally conscious state - Abstract
Background: With the emergence of Brain Computer Interfaces (BCI), clinicians have been facing a new group of patients with severe acquired brain injury who are unable to show any behavioral sign of consciousness but respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. However, even though well documented, there is still no consensus regarding the nomenclature for this clinical entity. Objectives: This systematic review aims to 1) identify the terms used to indicate the presence of this entity through the years, and 2) promote an informed discussion regarding the rationale for these names and the best candidates to name this fascinating disorder. Methods: The Disorders of Consciousness Special Interest Group (DoC SIG) of the International Brain Injury Association (IBIA) launched a search on Pubmed and Google scholar following PRISMA guidelines to collect peer-reviewed articles and reviews on human adults (>18 years) published in English between 2006 and 2021. Results: The search launched in January 2021 identified 4,089 potentially relevant titles. After screening, 1,126 abstracts were found relevant. Finally, 161 manuscripts were included in our analyses. Only 58% of the manuscripts used a specific name to discuss this clinical entity, among which 32% used several names interchangeably throughout the text. We found 25 different names given to this entity. The five following names were the ones the most frequently used: covert awareness, cognitive motor dissociation, functional locked-in, non-behavioral MCS (MCS*) and higher-order cortex motor dissociation. Conclusion: Since 2006, there has been no agreement regarding the taxonomy to use for unresponsive patients who are able to respond to active neuroimaging or electrophysiological paradigms. Developing a standard taxonomy is an important goal for future research studies and clinical translation. We recommend a Delphi study in order to build such a consensus., Fil: Schnakers, Caroline. Casa Colina Hospital and Centers for Healthcare. Research Institute; Estados Unidos, Fil: Bauer, Chase. Western University of Health Sciences. College of Osteopathic Medicine; Estados Unidos, Fil: Formisano, Rita. IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation; Italia, Fil: Noé, Enrique. Fundación Hospitales Vithas. Vithas Neuro Rehab Human Brain; España, Fil: Llorens, Roberto. Fundación Hospitales Vithas. Vithas Neuro Rehab Human Brain; España, Fil: Llorens, Roberto. Universitat Politècnica de València. Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Bioingeniería. Neurorehabilitation and Brain Research Group; España, Fil: Lejeune, Nicolas. University of Liège. Coma Science Group. GIGA-Consciousness; Bélgica, Fil: Lejeune, Nicolas. Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve. Centre Hospitalier Neurologique William Lennox; Bélgica, Fil: Farisco, Michele. Uppsala University. Centre for Research Ethics and Bioethics,; Suecia, Fil: Farisco, Michele. Biology and Molecular Genetics Research Institute. Science and Society Unit, Biogem; Italia, Fil: Teixeira, Liliana. Polytechnic of Leiria. School of Health Sciences. Center for Innovative Care and Health Technology; Portugal, Fil: Morrissey, Ann-Marie. University of Limerick. Health Research Institute. Ageing Research Centre; Irlanda, Fil: De Marco, Sabrina. Universidad Católica de Córdoba. Clínica Universitaria Reina Fabiola; Argentina, Fil: Veeramuthu, Vigneswaran. Subang Jaya Medical Center; Malasia, Fil: Ilina, Kseniya. Research Center of Neurology; Rusia, Fil: Ilina, Kseniya. Lomonosov Moscow State University. Faculty of Fundamental Medicine; Rusia, Fil: Edlow, Brian L. Harvard Medical School. Massachusetts General Hospital; Estados Unidos, Fil: Gosseries, Olivia. University of Liège. Coma Science Group; Bélgica, Fil: Gosseries, Olivia. University Hospital of Liege. Centre du Cerveau; Bélgica, Fil: Zandalasini, Matteo. Azienda USL di Piacenza. Dipartimento di Medicina Riabilitativa. Neuroriabilitazione e Medicina Riabilitativa Intensiva. Unità Spinale; Italia, Fil: De Bellis, Francesco. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; Italia, Fil: Thibaut, Aurore. University of Liège. Coma Science Group. GIGA-Consciousness; Bélgica, Fil: Thibaut, Aurore. University Hospital of Liege. Centre du Cerveau; Bélgica, Fil: Estraneo, Anna. IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi; Italia, Fil: Estraneo, Anna. SM della Pietà General Hospital. Neurology Unit; Italia
- Published
- 2022
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