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Your search keyword '"Histatin-5"' showing total 4 results
Start Over Descriptor "Histatin-5" Topic anti-infective agents
4 results on '"Histatin-5"'

1. Antimicrobial peptides in saliva of children with severe early childhood caries.

Author

Colombo NH, Ribas LF, Pereira JA, Kreling PF, Kressirer CA, Tanner AC, and Duque C

Subjects
Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology, Child, Preschool, Dental Caries microbiology, Female, Histatins metabolism, Humans, Male, Saliva microbiology, Streptococcus mutans growth & development, beta-Defensins metabolism, Cathelicidins, Anti-Infective Agents analysis, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides metabolism, Dental Caries metabolism, Saliva metabolism, Salivary Proteins and Peptides metabolism
Abstract

Objective: Controversies exist regarding the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and presence of dental caries in children. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine levels of AMPs in saliva of caries-free (CF), early childhood caries (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children to determine if the levels of these salivary peptides individually or in combinations were related to caries severity and mutans streptococci levels., Design: 36 to 60 month-old children were selected to participate in this study. Children were grouped into CF group (n=29), ECC group (n=25) and S-ECC group (n=29). Saliva was collected from children for microbiological analysis by culture. Salivary concentrations of cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2), human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) and histatin-5 (HTN-5) were determined by ELISA., Results: Salivary concentrations of AMPs did not differ among CF, ECC and S-ECC groups. Data showed positive correlations between mutans streptococci levels and salivary hBD-2 or HTN-5. Positive correlations were found between hBD-2, hBD-3, LL-37 and HTN-5. Combinations among AMPs, mainly LL-37, were positively associated with caries levels., Conclusions: Salivary concentrations of AMPs individually were not associated with the severity of early childhood caries. The stimulus of caries appears to trigger a biological response, however, with a combination of these peptides., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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2. Engineering improved variants of the antifungal peptide histatin 5 with reduced susceptibility to <italic>Candida albicans</italic> secreted aspartic proteases and enhanced antimicrobial potency.

Author

Ikonomova, Svetlana P., Moghaddam‐Taaheri, Parisa, Jabra‐Rizk, Mary Ann, Wang, Yan, and Karlsson, Amy J.

Subjects
*HISTATINS, *ANTIFUNGAL agents, *DISEASE susceptibility, *CANDIDA albicans, *ASPARTIC proteinases, *ANTI-infective agents, *FUNGAL colonies
Abstract

Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen and a commensal organism that commonly colonizes mucosal surfaces, including those inside the human mouth. To help control C. albicans, human saliva contains the antifungal peptide histatin 5 (Hst‐5), which has strong antifungal activity against C. albicans. However, the pathogen produces secreted aspartic proteases (Saps) that cleave Hst‐5 at lysine residues and eliminate its antifungal properties. We designed variants of Hst‐5 with its lysine residues substituted with arginine or leucine to evaluate the effect on proteolysis by Saps. We found site‐, residue‐, and Sap‐dependent effects from single amino acid substitutions. The K17R and K17L modifications led to dramatic results, with over 77% and 100% intact peptide remaining after incubation with Sap9 and Sap2, respectively, compared to 47% and 61% of Hst‐5. This decrease in proteolysis was accompanied by a reduction in cleavage on the C‐terminal side of K17, suggesting the Saps prefer lysine at K17 for cleavage. Incubation with C. albicans cells and culture supernatant corroborated the results with purified Saps and highlighted their biological relevance. The modifications to Hst‐5 do not diminish the antifungal activity of Hst‐5, and, in fact, the K17R, K17L, and K11R peptides retained significantly more antifungal activity after treatment with Saps than Hst‐5. Our results indicate that single amino acid modifications drastically impact both proteolysis at the modification sites and the overall level of proteolysis of the peptide, demonstrating the potential of designing peptides for resistance to proteolysis as a means for improving therapeutic efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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3. Antimicrobial peptides in saliva of children with severe early childhood caries

Author

Laís Fernanda Fonseca Ribas, Natália Helena Colombo, Paula Fernanda Kreling, Anne C.R. Tanner, Jesse Augusto Pereira, Cristiane Duque, Christine A. Kressirer, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Forsyth Institute, and Harvard School of Dental Medicine

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Saliva, beta-Defensins, Histatin-5, Human cathelicidin LL-37, medicine.medical_treatment, Antimicrobial peptides, Histatins, Dental Caries, Cathelicidin, Salivary Peptides, Streptococcus mutans, Defensins, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Anti-Infective Agents, Cathelicidins, medicine, Humans, Salivary Proteins and Peptides, Children, General Dentistry, Innate immunity, biology, business.industry, 030206 dentistry, Cell Biology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, stomatognathic diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Beta defensin, Otorhinolaryngology, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Dental caries, Female, business, Early childhood caries, Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:02:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-09-01 Objective Controversies exist regarding the relationship between the concentrations of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and presence of dental caries in children. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine levels of AMPs in saliva of caries-free (CF), early childhood caries (ECC) and severe early childhood caries (S-ECC) children to determine if the levels of these salivary peptides individually or in combinations were related to caries severity and mutans streptococci levels. Design 36 to 60 month-old children were selected to participate in this study. Children were grouped into CF group (n = 29), ECC group (n = 25) and S-ECC group (n = 29). Saliva was collected from children for microbiological analysis by culture. Salivary concentrations of cathelicidin LL-37, human β-defensin 2 (hBD-2), human β-defensin 3 (hBD-3) and histatin-5 (HTN-5) were determined by ELISA. Results Salivary concentrations of AMPs did not differ among CF, ECC and S-ECC groups. Data showed positive correlations between mutans streptococci levels and salivary hBD-2 or HTN-5. Positive correlations were found between hBD-2, hBD-3, LL-37 and HTN-5. Combinations among AMPs, mainly LL-37, were positively associated with caries levels. Conclusions Salivary concentrations of AMPs individually were not associated with the severity of early childhood caries. The stimulus of caries appears to trigger a biological response, however, with a combination of these peptides. UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Araçatuba Dental School, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193 Forsyth Institute Department of Microbiology Harvard University Harvard School of Dental Medicine UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Public Health Araçatuba Dental School, Rua José Bonifácio, 1193

Published
2016

4. A study on β-defensin-2 and histatin-5 as a diagnostic marker of early childhood caries progression

Author

Jurczak, Anna, Kościelniak, Dorota, Papież, Monika, Vyhouskaya, Palina, and Krzyściak, Wirginia

Subjects
Male, Saliva, beta-Defensins, Histatin-5, medicine.drug_class, Dental Caries Susceptibility, Antibiotics, Colony Count, Microbial, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Disease, Histatins, Dental Caries, Dental plaque, Anti-Infective Agents, medicine, Humans, Child, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Medicine(all), β-defensin-2, Agricultural and Biological Sciences(all), business.industry, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology(all), Streptococcus, medicine.disease, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Beta defensin, Early Diagnosis, lcsh:Biology (General), Child, Preschool, Histatin, Immunology, $\beta$-defensin-2, Disease Progression, Linear Models, Female, business, Early childhood caries, Biomarkers, Signal Transduction, Research Article
Abstract

Background: Recently, a continuous growth of interest has been observed in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the light of an alarming increase in resistance of bacteria and fungi against antibiotics. AMPs are used as biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring of oral cavity pathologies. Therefore, the determination of specific protein profiles in children diagnosed with early childhood caries (ECC) might be a basis for effective screening tests and specialized examinations which may enable progression of disease. Methods: The objective of the studies was to determine the role of histatin-5 and $\beta$-defensing-2 as a diagnostic marker of early childhood caries progression. In this work, results of concentration determination of two salivary proteins (histatin-5 and $\beta$-defensin-2) were presented. In addition, bacterial profiles from dental plaque in various stages of ECC and control were marked. The assessment of alteration in the concentration of these two proteins in a study group of children with various stages of ECC and a control group consisting of children with no symptoms was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the concentration of histatin-5 and $\beta$-defensin-2 in the study group compared to the control group and correlated with the progression of the disease. Conclusions: The confirmation of concentration changes in these proteins during the progression of dental caries may discover valuable disease progression biomarkers.

Published
2015

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