45 results on '"Paritosh, Kumar"'
Search Results
2. Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of motile Salmonella enterica from the poultry hatchery environment
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Zamil, Shafayat, Ferdous, Jinnat, Zannat, Mosammat Moonkiratul, Biswas, Paritosh Kumar, Gibson, Justine S., Henning, Joerg, Hoque, Md. Ahasanul, and Barua, Himel
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- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. First report of barley blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae pathotype Triticum (MoT) in Bangladesh
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Roy, Krishna Kanta, Reza, Md Mostofa Ali, Muzahid-E-Rahman, Md, Mustarin, Kishowar E., Malaker, Paritosh Kumar, Barma, Naresh Chandra Deb, He, Xinyao, and Singh, Pawan Kumar
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- 2021
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4. Association of food habit with the COVID-19 severity and hospitalization: A cross-sectional study among the recovered individuals in Bangladesh
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Sumon Ganguli, Sabbir Howlader, Kamol Dey, Suman Barua, Md. Nazrul Islam, Afroza Begum, Md. Abdus Sobahan, Rivu Raj Chakraborty, Mohammad Delwer Hossain Hawlader, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
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Bangladesh ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,Tea ,COVID-19 ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Feeding Behavior ,General Medicine ,Antioxidants ,Hospitalization ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Vegetables ,Animals ,Humans ,Garlic ,Retrospective Studies - Abstract
Background: It was assumed that dietary habits might influence the status of COVID-19 patients. Aim: We aimed at the identification of association of dietary habits with the COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Methods: It was a retrospective cross-sectional study (n = 1025). We used bivariate and multivariate analyses to correlate the association between self-reported dietary patterns and COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Results: Dietary habits (black tea, milked tea, pickles, black caraway seeds, honey, fish, fruits, vegetables, garlic, onion and turmeric) were identified with lower risk of COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Interestingly, the consumption frequency (one-, two- or three-times/day) of rice - the staple food in Bangladesh - was not associated with COVID-19 severity and hospitalization for comorbid patients. In contrast, a moderate rice-eating habit (two times/day) was strongly associated with the lower risk of severity and hospitalization for non-comorbid patients. However, for both comorbid and non-comorbid patients, consumption of black tea, milked tea, pickles and honey were associated with a lower likelihood of severity and hospitalization. Overall, a high consumption (three-times/day) of fish, fruits and vegetables, a moderate consumption of garlic, onion and turmeric spices and a daily intake of black/milked tea, and honey were associated with reduced risk of COVID-19 severity and hospitalization. Conclusions: To reduce the severity of COVID-19, a habitual practice of intaking black tea, milked tea, black caraway seeds and honey along with dietary habit (rice, fish and vegetables) and with a moderate consumption of ginger, garlic, onion, mixed aromatic spices (cinnamon + cardamom + cloves) and turmeric might be suggested.
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- 2022
5. Measures, Gaps, and Mitigation Strategies in Bangladesh’s COVID-19 Response
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Abdullah Al Sattar, Nusrat Irin, Joseph P. Belgrad, Najmul Haider, Nurun Nahar Chisty, Md. Abu Shoieb Mohsin, Mohammad Foysal, Tridip Das, Md. Helal Uddin, Rubyath Binte Hasan, Jinnat Ferdous, Mahmudul Hasan, Rashed Mahmud, Mohammed Abdus Samad, Mohammad Giasuddin, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Dirk Udo Pfeiffer, Nitish Chandra Debnath, Guillaume Fournié, Fiona M. Tomley, and Md. Ahasanul Hoque
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Bangladesh ,China ,Suspensions ,Ecology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Communicable Disease Control ,COVID-19 ,Humans - Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) spread rapidly from China to most other countries around the world in early 2020 killing millions of people. To prevent virus spread, world governments implemented a variety of response measures. This paper’s objectives were to discuss the country’s adopted measures to combat the virus through June 2020, identify gaps in the measures’ effectiveness, and offer possible mitigations to those gaps. The measures taken included screening device deployment across international air and land ports, flight suspensions and closures from COVID-19 affected countries, and declaration and extension of a national public holiday (equivalent to lockdowns in other countries). Identified gaps were test kit, PPE, ICU beds, and ventilator shortages, limited public awareness, and insufficient coordination and collaboration among national and international partners. Proper and timely risk mapping, preparedness, communication, coordination, and collaboration among governments and organizations, and public awareness and engagement would have provided sufficient COVID-19 mitigation in Bangladesh.
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- 2022
6. Occurrence of wheat blast in Bangladesh and its implications for South Asian wheat production
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Chowdhury, Apurba Kumar, Saharan, Mahender Singh, Aggrawal, Rashmi, Malaker, Paritosh Kumar, Barma, N. C. D., Tiwari, T. P., Duveiller, Etienne, Singh, Pawan Kumar, Srivastava, Amit Kumar, Sonder, Kai, Singh, Ravi Prakash, Braun, Hans Joachim, and Joshi, Arun Kumar
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- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Isolation and antimicrobial resistance of motile Salmonella enterica from the poultry hatchery environment
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Ahasanul Hoque, Mosammat Moonkiratul Zannat, Shafayat Zamil, Justine S. Gibson, Joerg Henning, Jinnat Ferdous, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, and Himel Barua
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Salmonella ,Nalidixic acid ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Tetracycline ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antibiotic resistance ,Ampicillin ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,medicine ,Animals ,030304 developmental biology ,Bangladesh ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Salmonella enterica ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Antimicrobial ,Housing, Animal ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Colistin ,Chickens ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Salmonella is a globally distributed major food-borne pathogen and poultry is one of the predominant sources of salmonellosis in humans. To investigate the presence of motile Salmonella in the poultry hatchery environment, we collected 97 fluff samples from four selected broiler breeder chicken hatcheries from Chattogram, Bangladesh during July-December 2015. To isolate motile Salmonella enterica, we used conventional bacteriological techniques followed by serological verification using anti-Salmonella Poly A-E serum and species confirmation by conventional PCR assay. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method for 10 commonly used antibiotics was performed on all isolates. Isolates displaying phenotypic resistance to ampicillin were tested by PCR for blaTEM gene, whereas those resistant to tetracycline were tested for the presence of tetA, tetB and tetC genes. A total of 24 samples (24.7%; 95% CI: 16.5–34.5, N = 97) from 3 hatcheries were positive for motile Salmonella. Of them, 21 (87.5%) and 12 (50.0%) were resistant to ampicillin and tetracycline, respectively, 9 (37.5%) to nalidixic acid and sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim. No resistance was detected to ceftriaxone, cefoxitin, gentamicin, neomycin, ciprofloxacin and colistin. Ten (42%) of 24 isolates from 2 hatcheries were multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to ≥ 3 antimicrobial classes). Six of 21 ampicillin resistant isolates contained blaTEM gene and 10 of 12 tetracycline resistant isolates contained tetA gene. This study highlights the circulation of multi-drug resistant motile Salmonella in the hatchery environment for the first time in Bangladesh. Further epidemiological and molecular studies are therefore needed to identify the serotypes and source of the bacteria in hatcheries.
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- 2021
8. Molecular epidemiology and pathogenicity of H5N1 and H9N2 avian influenza viruses in clinically affected chickens on farms in Bangladesh
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Himel Barua, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Joshua E. Sealy, Mohammad Inkeyas Uddin, Nicola S Lewis, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Reajul Huq, Masuduzzaman, Munir Iqbal, A K M Saifuddin, Ripatun Nahar Ripa, Jayna Raghwani, Tridip Das, Ian H. Brown, and Guillaume Fournié
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Protein Conformation ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,animal diseases ,Immunology ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,Avian influenza ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Disease Outbreaks ,Evolution, Molecular ,co-infection ,Virology ,Drug Discovery ,Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ,medicine ,Animals ,Phylogeny ,Poultry Diseases ,virus evolution ,Bangladesh ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Avian influenza virus ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,Molecular epidemiology ,virus diseases ,H5N1 ,General Medicine ,phylodynamics ,Pathogenicity ,H9N2 ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Infectious Diseases ,Viral phylodynamics ,Influenza in Birds ,Viral evolution ,antigenicity ,Parasitology ,Chickens ,Research Article ,Co infection - Abstract
Avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 co-circulate in poultry in Bangladesh, causing significant bird morbidity and mortality. Despite their importance to the poultry value chain, the role of farms in spreading and maintaining AIV infections remains poorly understood in most disease-endemic settings. To address this crucial gap, we conducted a cross-sectional study between 2017 and 2019 in the Chattogram Division of Bangladesh in clinically affected and dead chickens in farms with suspected AIV infection. Viral prevalence of each subtype was approximately 10% among farms for which veterinary advice was sought, indicating high levels of virus circulation in chicken farms despite the low number of reported outbreaks. Co-circulation of both subtypes was common in farms, with our findings suggest that in the field, the co-circulation of H5N1 and H9N2 can modulate disease severity, which could facilitate an underestimated level of AIV transmission in the poultry value chain. Finally, using newly generated whole-genome sequences, we investigate the evolutionary history of a small subset of H5N1 and H9N2 viruses. Our analyses revealed that for both subtypes, the sampled viruses were genetically most closely related to other viruses isolated in Bangladesh and represented multiple independent incursions. However, due to lack of longitudinal surveillance in this region, it is difficult to ascertain whether these viruses emerged from endemic strains circulating in Bangladesh or from neighbouring countries. We also show that amino acids at putative antigenic residues underwent a distinct replacement during 2012 which coincides with the use of H5N1 vaccines.
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- 2021
9. Prevalence of coagulase-positive methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs in Bangladesh
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Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana, Md Zohorul Islam, Tridip Das, Avijit Dutta, Abdul Ahad, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, and Himel Barua
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Coagulase ,Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ,Bangladesh ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Dogs ,General Veterinary ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Methicillin Resistance ,Dog Diseases ,Staphylococcal Infections ,Anti-Bacterial Agents - Abstract
The emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) have a significant health impact on people with direct or supportive occupations in veterinary medicine including veterinarians, animal handlers, laboratory personnel and pet owners.This cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of and risk factors for S. aureus, S. pseudintermedius, MRSA and MRSP in dogs in Bangladesh.A total of 358 swab samples were collected from different body sites of 150 dogs attending a university teaching veterinary hospital between January and June 2018. Standard bacteriological procedures were followed to isolate Staphylococcus, and identification was confirmed to the species level by PCR to detect the nuc gene. MRSA and MRSP were confirmed by the presence of the mecA gene.The prevalence of coagulase-positive S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius in dogs were 16% and 45.3%, respectively. S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates displayed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (95.2% and 91%, respectively) and erythromycin (89.3% and 84.7%, respectively). Notably, all the staphylococcal isolates showed resistance to ≥3 antimicrobial classes. The prevalence of MRSA and MRSP in dogs was 8.7% and 6%, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the following variables as risk factors for MRSA colonisation in dogs: dogs with dermatitis (odds ratio [OR], 12.24, 95% CI: 3.12-57.33; p0.001) and history of antibiotic use (OR 8.73, 95% CI: 2.23-43.10; p0.001). Presence of otitis (OR 14.22; 95% CI: 1.64-103.58; p = 0.008) and oral lesions (OR 9.48, 95% CI: 1.14-64.82; p = 0.002) were identified as the significant risk factors for the carriage of MRSP.The circulation of multidrug-resistant S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius is a serious concern to dogs and humans. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. pseudintermedius and MRSP affecting dogs in Bangladesh.
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- 2021
10. Avian influenza transmission risk along live poultry trading networks in Bangladesh
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Mahmudul Hasan, Sudipta Sarkar, M Giasuddin, Natalie Moyen, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, N. C. Debnath, Meerjady Sabrina Flora, Tony Barnett, Punam Mangtani, Hossain Mehedi, Ahasanul Hoque, Rashed Mahmud, Mahmudur Rahman, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Joerg Henning, and Guillaume Fournié
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Population dynamics ,Dynamic networks ,Science ,Disease ,medicine.disease_cause ,Article ,Poultry ,Zoonotic disease ,law.invention ,Live animal ,law ,medicine ,Computational models ,Animals ,Socioeconomics ,Poultry Diseases ,Upstream (petroleum industry) ,Bangladesh ,Potential impact ,Multidisciplinary ,business.industry ,Commerce ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,HD Industries. Land use. Labor ,SF Animal culture ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Transmission (mechanics) ,Geography ,Influenza A virus ,Agriculture ,Influenza in Birds ,Medicine ,business ,Chickens - Abstract
Live animal markets are known hotspots of zoonotic disease emergence. To mitigate those risks, we need to understand how networks shaped by trading practices influence disease spread. Yet, those practices are rarely recorded in high-risk settings. Through a large cross-sectional study, we assessed the potential impact of live poultry trading networks’ structures on avian influenza transmission dynamics in Bangladesh. Networks promoted mixing between chickens sourced from different farming systems and geographical locations, fostering co-circulation of viral strains of diverse origins in markets. Viral transmission models suggested that the observed rise in viral prevalence from farms to markets was unlikely explained by intra-market transmission alone, but substantially influenced by transmission occurring in upstream network nodes. Disease control interventions should therefore alter the entire network structures. However, as networks differed between chicken types and city supplied, standardised interventions are unlikely to be effective, and should be tailored to local structural characteristics.
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- 2021
11. Antibiotic usage practices and its drivers in commercial chicken production in Bangladesh
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Sukanta Chowdhury, Guillaume Fournié, Damer Blake, Joerg Henning, Patricia Conway, Md. Ahasanul Hoque, Sumon Ghosh, Shahana Parveen, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Zubair Akhtar, Khaleda Islam, Md. Ariful Islam, Md. Mahbubur Rashid, Ludvic Pelligand, Zobaidul Haque Khan, Mahmudur Rahman, Fiona Tomley, Nitish Debnath, and Fahmida Chowdhury
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Bangladesh ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Multidisciplinary ,Ciprofloxacin ,Doxycycline ,Amoxicillin ,Animals ,Oxytetracycline ,Chickens ,Anti-Bacterial Agents - Abstract
Irrational and inappropriate use of antibiotics in commercial chicken production can contribute to the development of antimicrobial resistance. We aimed to assess antibiotic usage in commercial chicken production in Bangladesh, and identify factors associated with this practice. We conducted a large-scale cross-sectional study to collect information on antibiotic usage in commercial chickens from January to May 2021. Structured interviews were conducted with 288 broiler, 288 layer and 192 Sonali (locally-produced cross-bred) farmers in 20 sub-districts across Bangladesh. The frequency of antibiotic usage, the types of antibiotics and purpose of usage were estimated for each production type. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were calculated to measure the association between antibiotic usage and factors related to the characteristics of the farms and farmers using multivariable logistic regression models. The proportion of farms, irrespective of their production type, reporting usage of antibiotics in the 24 hours preceding the interview was 41% (n = 314, 95% CI: 37–44%). Forty-five percent (n = 344, 41–48%) reported antibiotic usage in the last 72 hours, 86% (n = 658, 83–88%) in the last 14 days, and almost all farms, 98% (n = 753, 97–99%), had used antibiotics since the start of their production cycle. Use of antibiotics in the 24 hours preceding an interview was more frequently reported in broiler (OR 1.91, 95% CI: 1.36–2.69) and Sonali (OR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.33–2.33) than layer farms. Oxytetracycline (23–31%, depending on production type), doxycycline (18–25%), ciprofloxacin (16–26%) and amoxicillin (16–44%) were the most frequently used antibiotics. Antibiotics were reported to be used for both treatment and prophylactic purposes on most farms (57–67%). Usage of antibiotics in the 24h preceding an interview was significantly associated with the occurrence of any illnesses in chickens (aOR broiler: 41.22 [95% CI:13.63–124.62], layer: aOR 36.45[9.52–139.43], Sonali: aOR 28.47[4.97–162.97]). Antibiotic usage was mainly advised by veterinary practitioners (45–71%, depending on production type), followed by feed dealers (21–40%) and farmers (7–13%). Improvement of chicken health through good farming practices along with changes in key stakeholders (feed dealers and practitioners) attitudes towards antibiotic recommendations to farmers, may help to reduce the levels of antibiotic usage and thus contribute to mitigate antimicrobial resistance.
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- 2022
12. Prevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5) and A(H9) Viruses in Live Bird Markets, Bangladesh
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Steve Essen, Mahmudul Hasan, Mohammed A. Samad, Younjung Kim, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Guillaume Fournié, Nicola S. Lewis, Mohammad Giasuddin, Rashed Mahmud, Nitish C. Debnath, Yu-Mei Chang, M. A. Hoque, Natalie Moyen, Ian H. Brown, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
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live bird markets ,0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,Epidemiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,influenza virus ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,H9 subtype viruses ,respiratory infections ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental Microbiology ,Prevalence ,Waterfowl ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,viruses ,Public Health Surveillance ,2. Zero hunger ,Bangladesh ,biology ,Transmission (medicine) ,Research ,lcsh:R ,Bayes Theorem ,biology.organism_classification ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Prevalence of Avian Influenza A(H5) and A(H9) Viruses in Live Bird Markets, Bangladesh ,3. Good health ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Ducks ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza A virus ,birds ,Influenza in Birds ,Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression ,avian influenza viruses ,influenza ,H5 subtype viruses ,Chickens - Abstract
We conducted a cross-sectional study in live bird markets (LBMs) in Dhaka and Chittagong, Bangladesh, to estimate the prevalence of avian influenza A(H5) and A(H9) viruses in different types of poultry and environmental areas by using Bayesian hierarchical logistic regression models. We detected these viruses in nearly all LBMs. Prevalence of A(H5) virus was higher in waterfowl than in chickens, whereas prevalence of A(H9) virus was higher in chickens than in waterfowl and, among chicken types, in industrial broilers than in cross-breeds and indigenous breeds. LBMs with >1 wholesaler were more frequently contaminated by A(H5) virus than retail-only LBMs. Prevalence of A(H9) virus in poultry and level of environmental contamination were also higher in LBMs with >1 wholesaler. We found a high level of circulation of both avian influenza viruses in surveyed LBMs. Prevalence was influenced by type of poultry, environmental site, and trading.
- Published
- 2018
13. Antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria in Irrawaddy squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus)
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Mohammad Shah Jalal, Himel Barua, Mohammad Mahbub Hasan, Avijit Dutta, Avijit Das, Abdul Ahad, Zohorul Islam, Pangkaj Kumar Dhar, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Salmonella ,antibiotic resistance ,medicine.drug_class ,030106 microbiology ,Antibiotics ,Virulence ,Biology ,Yersinia ,Irrawaddy squirrel ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Rodent Diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,Antibiotic resistance ,Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ,Zoonoses ,parasitic diseases ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Bangladesh ,Bacteria ,General Veterinary ,Sciuridae ,Original Articles ,Bacterial Infections ,biology.organism_classification ,zoonotic bacteria ,Multiple drug resistance ,PCR ,030104 developmental biology ,Original Article ,Female - Abstract
Irrawaddy squirrel (Callosciurus pygerythrus) may play an important role in the transmission of zoonotic bacteria, but little is known about the carriage of zoonotic bacteria in this common frugivorous rodent in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the presence of common zoonotic bacterial pathogens in Irrawaddy squirrel in the southeast part of Bangladesh. A total of 27 rectal and 27 oro‐nasal swabs were collected from 27 healthy wild Irrawaddy squirrels. Four common zoonotic bacteria were isolated following routine laboratory procedures, and were identified based on colony morphology, and biochemical and staining properties. The pathogenic potential of the identified bacteria was confirmed by detection of virulence genes by PCR. All isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility test against seven antibiotics from six generic groups which are commonly used in human and veterinary medicine in Bangladesh. The prevalence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Yersinia spp. and Staphylococcus spp. was 44.4% (95% CI, 32.0–57.6), 13% (95% CI, 6.1–24.7), 44.4% (95% CI, 32.0–57.6), and 72.2% (95% CI, 59.0–82.5), respectively. We identified potential zoonotic virulence genes in all of these four bacterial species. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed the presence of several multidrug resistant bacterial strains in squirrels. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report in Bangladesh of the detection of antibiotic resistant zoonotic bacteria in Irrawaddy squirrels. The findings underpin the role of Irrawaddy squirrel as a source of pathogenic antibiotic resistant bacteria, consequently, fruit rejected because of squirrel consumption and squirrel‐bites deserve more concern than previously.
- Published
- 2018
14. High prevalence of mcr-1-encoded colistin resistance in commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chicken in Bangladesh
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Tridip Das, Zohorul Islam, Ana Herrero-Fresno, John Elmerdahl Olsen, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, and Shahana Ahmed
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0301 basic medicine ,Molecular biology ,lcsh:Medicine ,Diseases ,Evolutionary biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbial ecology ,Sequencing ,lcsh:Science ,education.field_of_study ,Bangladesh ,Multidisciplinary ,Genome ,Phylogenetic tree ,Ecology ,Antimicrobials ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Computational science ,Statistics ,Scientific data ,Functional genomics ,Drug Resistance, Microbial ,Genomics ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Microbial genetics ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,medicine.drug ,030106 microbiology ,Population ,Microbial communities ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Biology ,Policy and public health in microbiology ,Microbiology ,Article ,Applied microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,education ,Clinical microbiology ,Gene ,Whole genome sequencing ,Genetic diversity ,Bacteria ,Colistin ,lcsh:R ,Infectious-disease diagnostics ,Bacteriology ,030104 developmental biology ,Risk factors ,Genes, Bacterial ,Mutation ,MCR-1 ,lcsh:Q ,Chickens - Abstract
Colistin is a last-resort antimicrobial used for the treatment of human infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. However, colistin is still widely used in intensive poultry production in Bangladesh. We aimed to investigate the dynamics and genetic diversity of colistin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli from broiler chickens. A total of 1200 E. coli strains were characterized from 20 broiler farms at three-time points along the production period. All strains were screened for mcr-1 to mcr-5 genes by a multiplex PCR, and their genetic diversity was measured by repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP)-PCR fingerprinting. Genomic diversity and characterization were performed by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Twenty-five percent of the commensal E. coli strains harbored mcr-1 genes. Frequency of mcr-1 gene detection correlated positively (odds ratio 1.71; 95% CI 0.96–3.06; p = 0.068) with the use of colistin in poultry flocks. REP-PCR profiles and WGS analysis showed diverse E. coli population carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes. Phylogenetic comparison of mcr-1-bearing strains recovered from this study with a global strain collection revealed wide phylogenetic relationship. This study identified a high prevalence of mcr-1 gene among genetically diverse E. coli populations from broiler chickens in Bangladesh suggesting a massive horizontal spread of mcr-1 rather than by clonal expansion.
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- 2020
15. Acquisition of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Gene
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Avijit, Dutta, Md Zohorul, Islam, Himel, Barua, Eaftekhar Ahmed, Rana, Mohammad Shah, Jalal, Pangkaj Kumar, Dhar, Avijit, Das, Tridip, Das, Sabuj Manohar, Sarma, Sanjoy Kanti, Biswas, and Paritosh Kumar, Biswas
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Bangladesh ,Livestock ,Colistin ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Goats ,Gene Expression ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Poultry ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Fomites ,Drug Resistance, Bacterial ,Escherichia coli ,Animals ,Humans ,Cattle ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Phylogeny ,Plasmids - Published
- 2020
16. Risk factors for bovine anthrax in Bangladesh, 2010–2014: a case-control study
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Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan, Farzana Islam Rume, M. R. Karim, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, and Mahmuda Yasmin
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0301 basic medicine ,Original Paper ,Bangladesh ,Epidemiology ,030106 microbiology ,Case-control study ,Outbreak ,Cattle Diseases ,Odds ratio ,Disease cluster ,Confidence interval ,Anthrax ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Water body ,Geography ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,Case-Control Studies ,Animals ,Conditional logistic regression ,bovine anthrax ,Cattle ,030212 general & internal medicine - Abstract
A matched case-control study was conducted in Bangladesh by enrolling case smallholdings of cattle affected with anthrax in the period of October 2010 to December 2014. The cases were initially reported by mass media and/or in surveillance reports from authorities concerned in the country. In total, 43 case smallholdings were enrolled. For each case, a control was matched by similarity in herd-size and rearing of animals, selected from a distantly located (within 3–10 km) place but within the same sub-district of the case farm. Data collected by administering a prototype questionnaire were analysed by matched-pair analysis and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Out of the 43 smallholdings, 41 were located in three adjoining districts: Pabna, Sirajganj and Tangail, apparently forming a spatial cluster, could be termed ‘anthrax hot spot’ in Bangladesh. Sick animal on farm or a nearby farm slaughtered in the recent past (odds ratio (OR) 12.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6–93.4, P = 0.016)), history of heavy rains occurring in the last 2 weeks preceding an outbreak (OR 13.1, 95% CI 1.2–147.1, P = 0.037) and disposing of dead animal into nearby water body (OR 11.9, 95% CI 1.0–145.3, P = 0.052) were independent risk factors for anthrax in cattle in the country.
- Published
- 2020
17. Unexpected genomic relationships between Bacillus anthracis strains from Bangladesh and Central Europe
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Mahmuda Yasmin, Mathias C. Walter, Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan, Farzana Islam Rume, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Gregor Grass, Matthias Hanczaruk, Peter Braun, and Markus Antwerpen
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0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,030106 microbiology ,Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Microbiology ,Anthrax ,03 medical and health sciences ,Germany ,Genetics ,medicine ,Animals ,Molecular Biology ,Phylogeny ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,Netherlands ,Comparative genomics ,Whole genome sequencing ,Bangladesh ,Molecular Epidemiology ,biology ,Molecular epidemiology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Zoonosis ,Genomics ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Bacillus anthracis ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Enzootic ,Cattle ,Genome, Bacterial - Abstract
The zoonosis anthrax caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis has a broad geographical distribution. Active enzootic areas are typically located away from central and northern Europe where cases of the disease occur only sporadically and in limited numbers. In contrast, a few out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh are hyper-endemic for anthrax and there the disease causes major losses in live-stock. In this study we genotyped eight strains of B. anthracis collected from the districts of Sirajganj and Tangail in 2013. All these strains belonged to canSNP group A.Br.001/002 Sterne differing only in a few of 31 tandem-repeat (MLVA)-markers. Whole genome sequences were obtained from five of these strains and compared with genomic information of B. anthracis strains originating from various geographical locations. Characteristic signatures were detected defining two “Bangladesh” clusters potentially useful for rapid molecular epidemiology. From this data high-resolution PCR assays were developed and subsequently tested on additional isolates from Bangladesh and Central Europe. Remarkably, this comparative genomic analysis focusing on SNP-discovery revealed a close genetic relationship between these strains from Bangladesh and historic strains collected between 1991 and 2008 in The Netherlands and Germany, respectively. Possible explanations for these phylogenetic relationships are discussed.
- Published
- 2016
18. A Decade of Avian Influenza in Bangladesh: Where Are We Now?
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Sukanta Chowdhury, Nadia Ali Rimi, SK Shaheenur Islam, Md. Zakiul Hassan, Allen G. Ross, Rebeca Sultana, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Mahmudur Rahman, and N. C. Debnath
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0301 basic medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Biosecurity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Review ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Clade ,Bangladesh ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Public health ,poultry ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Outbreak ,virus diseases ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,H5N1 ,vaccination ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Vaccination ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,One Health ,surveillance ,avian influenza ,biosecurity - Abstract
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) has been a public health threat in Bangladesh since the first reported outbreak in poultry in 2007. The country has undertaken numerous efforts to detect, track, and combat avian influenza viruses (AIVs). The predominant genotype of the H5N1 viruses is clade 2.3.2.1a. The persistent changing of clades of the circulating H5N1 strains suggests probable mutations that might have been occurring over time. Surveillance has provided evidence that the virus has persistently prevailed in all sectors and caused discontinuous infections. The presence of AIV in live bird markets has been detected persistently. Weak biosecurity in the poultry sector is linked with resource limitation, low risk perception, and short-term sporadic interventions. Controlling avian influenza necessitates a concerted multi-sector ‘One Health’ approach that includes the government and key stakeholders.
- Published
- 2019
19. Biosecurity and Circulation of Influenza A (H5N1) Virus in Live-Bird Markets in Bangladesh, 2012
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Mohammad Giasuddin, Nitish C. Debnath, B. K. Nath, Mat Yamage, M. Z. Islam, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
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0301 basic medicine ,Veterinary medicine ,South asia ,040301 veterinary sciences ,animal diseases ,Highly pathogenic ,Biosecurity ,Influenza A (H5N1) Virus ,medicine.disease_cause ,Poultry ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Animals ,Market place ,Socioeconomics ,Bangladesh ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Commerce ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,General Medicine ,Dry cleaning ,Housing, Animal ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,030104 developmental biology ,Geography ,Agriculture ,Influenza in Birds ,Communicable Disease Control ,business - Abstract
Bangladesh has been considered as one of the five countries endemic with highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 (HPAI H5N1). Live-bird markets (LBMs) in south Asian countries are believed to play important roles in the transmission of HPAI H5N1 and others due to its central location as a hub of the poultry trading. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations has been promoting improved biosecurity in LBMs in Bangladesh. In 2012, by enrolling 32 large LBMs: 10 with FAO interventions and 22 without assistance, we assessed the virus circulation in the selected LBMs by applying standard procedures to investigate market floors, poultry stall floors, poultry-holding cases and slaughter areas and the overall biosecurity using a questionnaire-based survey. Relative risk (RR) was examined to compare the prevalence of HPAI H5N1 in the intervened and non-intervened LBMs. The measures practised in significantly more of the FAO-intervened LBMs included keeping of slaughter remnants in a closed container; decontamination of poultry vehicles at market place; prevention of crows' access to LBM, market/floor cleaning by market committee; wet cleaning; disinfection of floor/poultry stall after cleaning; and good supply of clean water at market (P
- Published
- 2015
20. Evaluation of different fungicides (chemical, botanical and bio-agent) in controlling wheat blast in a blast prone area in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Roy, Krishna Kanta, Anwar, Md Babul, Mustarin, Kishowar-E-, Reza, Md Mostofa Ali, Muzahid-E-Rahman, Md, Malaker, Paritosh Kumar, Barma, Naresh Chandra Deb, and Singh, Pawan Kumar
- Subjects
FUNGICIDES ,TEBUCONAZOLE - Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of different fungicides (chemical, botanical and bio-agent) against wheat blast under field conditions and to identify the best one for preventive spray. Among the fungicides evaluated, Nativo 75 WG (Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25%), Amistar Top 325 SC (Azoxystrobin 20% + Difenoconazole 12.5%) and Cabrio Top 60 WG (Pyraclostrobin 5% + Metiram 55%) demonstrated the best results with least blast severity (4–8%) and the highest yield (78–88%). It was concluded that the mentioned fungicides can be used to control wheat head blast by spraying twice at 13–15 days interval starting with the heading stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. A Qualitative Stakeholder Analysis of Avian Influenza Policy in Bangladesh
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Ahasanul Hoque, David L Heymann, David R. Harper, Md. Abdul Kalam, Guillaume Fournié, Mahmudur Rahman, Dirk U. Pfeiffer, Kaushik Chattopadhyay, N. C. Debnath, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Economic growth ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Process (engineering) ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Guidelines as Topic ,medicine.disease_cause ,poultry-related zoonoses ,Birds ,Interviews as Topic ,0403 veterinary science ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Stakeholder analysis ,One Health ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Poultry Products ,Policy Making ,2. Zero hunger ,Bangladesh ,Government ,Cultural Characteristics ,stakeholder analysis ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Public health ,Environmental resource management ,Original Contribution ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Socioeconomic Factors ,Animal ecology ,Influenza in Birds ,Preparedness ,avian influenza ,business ,policy - Abstract
Avian influenza is a major animal and public health concern in Bangladesh. A decade after development and implementation of the first national avian influenza and human pandemic influenza preparedness and response plan in Bangladesh, a two-stage qualitative stakeholder analysis was performed in relation to the policy development process and the actual policy. This study specifically aimed to identify the future policy options to prevent and control avian influenza and other poultry-related zoonotic diseases in Bangladesh. It was recommended that the policy should be based on the One Health concept, be evidence-based, sustainable, reviewed and updated as necessary. The future policy environment that is suitable for developing and implementing these policies should take into account the following points: the need to formally engage multiple sectors, the need for clear and acceptable leadership, roles and responsibilities and the need for a common pool of resources and provision for transferring resources. Most of these recommendations are directed towards the Government of Bangladesh. However, other sectors, including research and poultry production stakeholders, also have a major role to play to inform policy making and actively participate in the multi-sectoral approach.
- Published
- 2018
22. Incidence of contamination of live bird markets in Bangladesh with influenza A virus and subtypes H5, H7 and H9
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Mat Yamage, M Giasuddin, Nitish C. Debnath, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Himel Barua, and P. Chowdhury
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0301 basic medicine ,Veterinary medicine ,South asia ,030231 tropical medicine ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Poultry ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Influenza A virus ,Animals ,Longitudinal Studies ,Bangladesh ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Zoonosis ,Significant difference ,General Medicine ,Contamination ,medicine.disease ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Confidence interval ,030104 developmental biology ,Influenza in Birds - Abstract
In the absence of robust active surveillance of avian influenza viruses (AIV) affecting poultry in South Asian countries, monitoring of live bird markets (LBMs) can be an alternative. In a longitudinal study of 32 LBM, five environments were sampled as follows: market floor, stall floor, slaughter area, poultry holding cage and water used for meat processing. Samples were taken monthly for 5 months, September 2013-January 2014. Incidence rates (IRs) of LBM contamination with AIV and its subtypes H5, H7 and H9 were assessed. In 10 of the LBM selected, biosecurity measures had been implemented through FAO interventions: the other 22 were non-intervened. Standard procedures were applied to detect AIV and three subtypes in pooled samples (1:5). An LBM was considered positive for AIV or a subtype if at least one of the pooled samples tested positive. The incidence rates of LBM contamination with AIV, H5, H7 and H9 were 0.194 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.136-0.276), 0.031 (95% CI 0.013-0.075), 0 and 0.175 (95% CI 0.12-0.253) per LBM-month at risk, respectively. The log IR ratio between the FAO-intervened and non-intervened LBM for contamination with AIV was -0.329 (95% CI -1.052 to -0.394, p = .372), 0.598 (95% CI -1.593 to 2.789, p = .593) with subtype H5 and -0.500 (95% CI -1.249 to 0.248, p = .190) with subtype H9, indicating no significant difference. The results obtained suggest that both H5 and H9 were circulating in LBM in Bangladesh in the second half of 2013. The incidence of contamination with H9 was much higher than with H5.
- Published
- 2017
23. Sorbitol non-fermenting shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coliin cattle on smallholdings
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M. Z. Islam, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, and Jens Peter Christensen
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DNA, Bacterial ,Male ,Genotype ,Virulence Factors ,Epidemiology ,Virulence ,medicine.disease_cause ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Microbiology ,law.invention ,Feces ,STX2 ,law ,medicine ,Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ,Animals ,Sorbitol ,Animal Husbandry ,Escherichia coli ,Escherichia coli Infections ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Bangladesh ,Shiga-Toxigenic Escherichia coli ,biology ,Escherichia coli Proteins ,Shiga toxin ,Original Papers ,Molecular Typing ,Infectious Diseases ,Fermentation ,biology.protein ,Cattle ,Female ,Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length - Abstract
SUMMARYWe investigated faecal samples collected from the rectum of 518 cattle on 371 randomly selected smallholdings in Bangladesh for the presence of sorbitol non-fermenting (SN-F) shiga toxin-producingEscherichia coli(STEC). The SN-F isolates were tested for the presence ofrfbO157,stx1, stx2, eaeandhlyAgenes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Seven SN-F isolates lacking these genes were profiled by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) to verify their clonality. SN-FE. coliwas identified in 44 [8·5%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 6·4–11·2] samples; of these, 28 (5·4%, 95% CI 3·8–7·7) had shiga toxin-producing strains, although only two carried therfbO157 gene. Thirteen isolates carried thehlyAgene while 18 harboured theeaegene. Based on PFGE, six pulsotypes were observed among the seven isolates that had no virulence genes. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on shiga toxin-producingE. colifrom direct rectal faecal samples of cattle on smallholdings.
- Published
- 2014
24. Poultry as a possible source of non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica serovars in humans in Bangladesh
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Jens Peter Christensen, Katharina E. P. Olsen, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Himel Barua, and Kaisar A. T Talukder
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Salmonella typhimurium ,Serotype ,Salmonella ,Veterinary medicine ,Population ,medicine.disease_cause ,Communicable Diseases, Emerging ,Microbiology ,Poultry ,Zoonoses ,medicine ,Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ,Animals ,Humans ,Typing ,Serotyping ,education ,Bacteriophage Typing ,Poultry Diseases ,Phage typing ,Bangladesh ,Salmonella Infections, Animal ,education.field_of_study ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Salmonella enterica ,General Medicine ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,biology.organism_classification ,Gastroenteritis ,Multilocus sequence typing ,Multilocus Sequence Typing - Abstract
We investigated Salmonella enterica isolates from human clinical cases of gastroenteritis to determine the distribution of non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars in the human population, and compared them to isolates originating from poultry by serotyping, phage typing, plasmid profiling, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) to evaluate the potential role of poultry in human non-typhoidal salmonellosis in Bangladesh. Nine different serovars were identified among the human isolates of which Salmonella Paratyphi B var Java (S. Java), S. Kentucky, S. Enteritidis, S. Virchow and S. Weltevreden also were commonly isolated from poultry. The poultry isolates belonging to S. Java, S. Kentucky and S. Enteritidis were indistinguishable from human isolates or genetically closely related, based on PFGE profiles and MLST. S. Kentucky clone ST198 and S. Java clone ST43 both well-known cause of human infections were also isolated from poultry.
- Published
- 2014
25. Molecular epidemiology of circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus in chickens, in Bangladesh, 2007–2010
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Nils Toft, Gonçalo Espregueira Themudo, Mohammed A. Samad, M Giasuddin, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Jens Peter Christensen, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
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Genotype ,Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,Disease Outbreaks ,medicine ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Clade ,Poultry Diseases ,Genetics ,Bangladesh ,Molecular Epidemiology ,Genetic diversity ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,General Veterinary ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,Molecular epidemiology ,Phylogenetic tree ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Outbreak ,Subclade ,Sequence Analysis, DNA ,Virology ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Phylogeography ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza in Birds ,Molecular Medicine ,Chickens - Abstract
Bangladesh has been severely hit by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI-H5N1). However, little is known about the genetic diversity and the evolution of the circulating viruses in Bangladesh. In the present study, we analyzed the hemagglutinin gene of 30 Bangladeshi chicken isolates from 2007 through 2010. We analyzed the polybasic amino acid sequence motif of the cleavage site and amino acid substitution pattern. Phylogenetic history was reconstructed using neighbor-joining and Bayesian time-scaled methods. In addition, we used Mantel correlation tests to analyze the relation between genetic relatedness and spatial and temporal distances. Neighbor-joining phylogeography revealed that virus circulating in Bangladesh from 2007 through 2010 belonged to clade 2.2. The results suggest that clade 2.2 viruses are firmly entrenched and have probably become endemic in Bangladesh. We detected several amino acid substitutions, but they are not indicative of adaptation toward human infection. The Mantel correlation test confirmed significant correlation between genetic distances and temporal distances between the viruses. The Bayesian tree shows that isolates from waves 3 and 4 derived from a subgroup of isolates from the previous waves grouping with a high posterior probability (pp=1.0). This indicates the possibility of formation of local subclades. One surprising finding of spatio-temporal analysis was that genetically identical virus caused independent outbreaks over a distance of more than 200 km and within 14 days of each other. This might indicate long distance dispersal through vectors such as migratory birds and vehicles, and challenges the effectiveness of movement restriction around 10 km radius of an outbreak. The study indicates possible endemicity of the clade 2.2 HPAI-H5N1 virus in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the formation of a subclade capable of transmission to humans cannot be ruled out. The findings of this study might provide valuable information for future surveillance, prevention and control programme.
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- 2012
26. Risk factors for infection with highly pathogenic influenza A virus (H5N1) in commercial chickens in Bangladesh
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Abu S.M.A. Hannan, N. C. Debnath, A.M. Habib, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Mohammad Giasuddin, M. H. Rahman, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Himel Barua, Jens Peter Christensen, and Ashutosh Das
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Veterinary medicine ,Time Factors ,Multivariate analysis ,animal diseases ,Prevalence ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Avian Influenza A Virus ,Risk Factors ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Epidemiology ,Influenza A virus ,medicine ,Animals ,Bangladesh ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,General Veterinary ,Agriculture ,General Medicine ,Odds ratio ,Confidence interval ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Influenza in Birds ,Multivariate Analysis ,Chickens - Abstract
A matched case-control study was carried out to identify risk factors for highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (subtype H5N1) infection in commercial chickens in Bangladesh. A total of 33 commercial farms diagnosed with H5N1 before September 9, 2007, were enrolled as cases, and 99 geographically matched unaffected farms were enrolled as control farms. Farm data were collected using a pretested questionnaire, and analysed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Two factors independently and positively associated with H5N1 infection remained in the final model. They were 'farm accessible to feral and wild animals' (odds ratio [OR] 5.71, 95 per cent confidence interval [CI] 1.81 to 18.0, P=0.003) and 'footbath at entry to farm/shed' (OR 4.93, 95 per cent CI 1.61 to 15.1, P=0.005). The use of a designated vehicle for sending eggs to a vendor or market appeared to be a protective factor (OR 0.14, 95 per cent CI 0.02 to 0.88, P=0.036).
- Published
- 2009
27. Risk for Infection with Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus (H5N1) in Backyard Chickens, Bangladesh
- Author
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N. C. Debnath, Mohammad H. Rahman, Jens Peter Christensen, Mohammad Giasuddin, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Ashutosh Das, Mohammad Ahsan Habib, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Abu S.M.A. Hannan, and Himel Barua
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Highly pathogenic avian influenza ,animal structures ,Epidemiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,chemical and pharmacologic phenomena ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Avian Influenza A Virus ,Orthomyxoviridae Infections ,Risk Factors ,medicine ,Influenza A virus ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,viruses ,Columbidae ,backyard chickens ,Poultry Diseases ,Bangladesh ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,business.industry ,Research ,lcsh:R ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Case-control study ,food and beverages ,Odds ratio ,H5N1 ,Poultry farming ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Confidence interval ,Infectious Diseases ,Ducks ,Logistic Models ,Case-Control Studies ,Multivariate Analysis ,business ,influenza ,Chickens ,psychological phenomena and processes - Abstract
Risk factors were feeding slaughter remnants of purchased chickens, having a body of water nearby, and contact with pigeons., To evaluate risk factors for infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (H5N1) in backyard chickens in Bangladesh, we conducted a matched case–control study. We enrolled 25 case farms (cases March–November 2007) and 75 control farms (June–November 2007). We used a questionnaire to collect farm data, which were analyzed by matched-pair analysis and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Factors independently associated were offering slaughter remnants of purchased chickens to backyard chickens (odds ratio [OR] 13.29, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.34–131.98, p = 0.027), having a nearby water body (OR 5.27, 95% CI 1.24–22.34, p = 0.024), and having contact with pigeons (OR 4.47, 95% CI 1.14–17.50, p = 0.032). Separating chickens and ducks at night was protective (OR 0.06, 95% CI 0.01–0.45, p = 0.006). Reducing these risks and taking protective measures might reduce the risk for influenza (H5N1) infection in backyard chickens.
- Published
- 2009
28. Avian Influenza Outbreaks in Chickens, Bangladesh
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Abu S.M.S. Rahman, N. C. Debnath, Mohammad Ahsan Habib, Rayhan Faruque, Abdul Ahad, M. H. Rahman, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Jens Peter Christensen, Himel Barua, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Abu S.M.A. Hannan, Ashutosh Das, and Mohammad Giasuddin
- Subjects
Microbiology (medical) ,Veterinary medicine ,animal structures ,Influenza A Virus H5N1 Subtype ,Epidemiology ,viruses ,lcsh:Medicine ,avian influenza virus ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,H5N1 genetic structure ,Virus ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,Disease Outbreaks ,Avian Influenza A Virus ,medicine ,Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Phylogeny ,Poultry Diseases ,Bangladesh ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,lcsh:R ,Dispatch ,Outbreak ,virus diseases ,H5N1 ,H9N2 ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Infectious Diseases ,Influenza in Birds ,embryonic structures ,Human mortality from H5N1 ,chickens - Abstract
To determine the epidemiology of outbreaks of avian influenza A virus (subtypes H5N1, H9N2) in chickens in Bangladesh, we conducted surveys and examined virus isolates. The outbreak began in backyard chickens. Probable sources of infection included egg trays and vehicles from local live bird markets and larger live bird markets.
- Published
- 2008
29. Causes of loss of Sonali chickens on smallholder households in Bangladesh
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N.C. Debnath, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, K. Roy, D. Biswas, Gazi Md. Noor Uddin, Abdul Ahad, and Himel Barua
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Male ,Veterinary medicine ,Endemic Diseases ,Biology ,Newcastle disease ,Disease Outbreaks ,Food Animals ,Cause of Death ,Animals ,Longitudinal Studies ,Prospective Studies ,Animal Husbandry ,Poultry Diseases ,Bangladesh ,business.industry ,Internal parasites ,Felis ,Commerce ,biology.organism_classification ,Predatory Behavior ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Livestock ,business ,Chickens ,Mixed infection - Abstract
In a 1-year-long prospective longitudinal study, we determined the causes of loss of 'Sonali' (male symbol Rhode Island Red x female symbol Fayoumi) chickens at key-rearers' households of the smallholder livestock development project-2 (SLDP-2) area in Bangladesh. A key rearer is a smallholder of chickens in the 'village poultry-production chain' (undertaken by SLDP-2 under the financial assistance of the DANIDA) who rears at least five Sonali and some 'Deshi' (non-descriptive and indigenous) chickens in their homesteads based on semi-scavenging system. The aim of this program is to ameliorate poverty, especially among women. Two co-ordination centers (set at the Potuakhali and Noakhali districts) supervised the development activities. We selected two upazilas (lower administration units) randomly from each of the two districts and in every selected upazila, we selected at random 125 key-rearer households. Incidence rates of loss of Sonali chickens from disease, predation, selling and slaughtering were 0.025, 0.023, 0.081 and 0.039 per bird-month at risk, respectively. The major predators of Sonali chickens in the study area were foxes, a kind of wild cat (Felis chaus), mongooses and human thieves. Colibacillosis (both single and mixed infections) had a contributory role in the death of 28% of dead Sonali birds collected for diagnosis; salmonellosis, Newcastle disease and internal parasites contributed to the next highest (14, 11and 10%) proportional mortalities.
- Published
- 2006
30. Molecular Characterization of Motile Serovars of Salmonella enterica from Breeder and Commercial Broiler Poultry Farms in Bangladesh
- Author
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Jens Peter Christensen, Subrata Kumar Shil, Katharina E. P. Olsen, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, and Himel Barua
- Subjects
Serotype ,Veterinary medicine ,Salmonella ,Genotyping Techniques ,Science ,animal diseases ,Veterinary Microbiology ,Breeding ,medicine.disease_cause ,Microbiology ,Poultry ,Foodborne Diseases ,Model Organisms ,Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ,medicine ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Animal Husbandry ,Serotyping ,Biology ,Bangladesh ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,business.industry ,Zoonotic Diseases ,Broiler ,food and beverages ,Salmonella enterica ,Animal Models ,Poultry farming ,biology.organism_classification ,Chicken ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ,Veterinary Diseases ,Medicine ,Livestock ,Veterinary Science ,Flock ,business ,Chickens ,Research Article ,Plasmids - Abstract
Contaminated poultry and poultry products are a major source of motile Salmonellae for human salmonellosis worldwide. Local circulation of any motile Salmonella serovar in poultry has a wider public health impact beyond its source of origin for being dispersed elsewhere through poultry trades or human travels. To investigate the status of motile Salmonella serovars in breeder farms in Bangladesh, multiple flocks of two breeder farms were observed for a period of six months. In addition, a cross-sectional survey was carried out to determine the prevalence and serovar distribution of motile Salmonella by randomly selecting 100 commercial broiler poultry farms. Five pooled faecal samples representing an entire housed flock of breeders or broilers were screened for presence of motile Salmonella following conventional bacteriological procedures. The Salmonella isolates obtained were subsequently serotyped, and characterized by plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). The results revealed that both the breeder farms were positive with three Salmonella serovars: S. Virchow, S. Paratyphi B var Java (S. Java) and S. Enteritidis. Eleven of the 100 broiler farms investigated were positive for motile Salmonella, giving a farm-level prevalence of 11% (95% confidence interval 5–17%). S. Virchow and S. Kentucky were the two predominant serovars isolated from the broiler farms. The PFGE genotyping demonstrated that the isolates belonging to the same serovars were closely related due to variation in only 1–4 bands. All the S. Virchow and S. Java isolates, irrespective of breeder or broiler farm origin, were plasmid-free, except for one S. Virchow isolate from a broiler farm that harboured a 9.7 kb-sized plasmid. The S. Kentucky isolates belonged to three plasmid profiles having plasmids of four different sizes, ranging from 2.7 to 109 kb. This is the first report of any motile Salmonella serovars from breeder and commercial broiler poultry farms in Bangladesh.
- Published
- 2013
31. Threat of wheat blast to South Asia’s food security: An ex-ante analysis.
- Author
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Mottaleb, Khondoker Abdul, Singh, Pawan Kumar, Sonder, Kai, Kruseman, Gideon, Tiwari, Thakur Prasad, Barma, Naresh C. D., Malaker, Paritosh Kumar, Braun, Hans-Joachim, and Erenstein, Olaf
- Subjects
WHEAT diseases & pests ,FOOD security ,FOOD safety ,WHEAT yields ,AGRICULTURAL chemicals - Abstract
New biotic stresses have emerged around the globe over the last decades threatening food safety and security. In 2016, scientists confirmed the presence of the devastating wheat-blast disease in Bangladesh, South Asia–its first occurrence outside South America. Severely blast-affected wheat fields had their grain yield wiped out. This poses a severe threat to food security in a densely-populated region with millions of poor inhabitants where wheat is a major staple crop and per capita wheat consumption has been increasing. As an ex ante impact assessment, this study examined potential wheat-blast scenarios in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Based on the agro-climatic conditions in the epicenter, where the disease was first identified in Bangladesh in 2016, this study identified the correspondingly vulnerable areas in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh amounting to 7 million ha. Assuming a conservative scenario of 5–10% for blast-induced wheat production loss, this study estimated the annual potential wheat loss across the sampled countries to be 0.89–1.77 million tons, equivalent to USD 132–264 million. Such losses further threaten an already-precarious national food security, putting pressure on wheat imports and wheat prices. The study is a call for action to tackle the real wheat-blast threat in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh
- Author
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Antonio Fasanella, Pietro Di Taranto, Chowdhury Rafiqul Ahsan, Farzana Islam Rume, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Alessia Affuso, Mahmuda Yasmin, Emanuele Campese, Viviana Manzulli, Martin Hugh-Jones, Luigina Serrecchia, and Valeria Rondinone
- Subjects
Bacterial Diseases ,0301 basic medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Bacillus ,Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension ,Minisatellite Repeats ,Pathology and Laboratory Medicine ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Geographical Locations ,Zoonoses ,Microbial Physiology ,Genotype ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Bacterial Physiology ,lcsh:Science ,Soil Microbiology ,Mammals ,Bangladesh ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Goats ,Agriculture ,Ruminants ,Genomics ,Bacterial Typing Techniques ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Bacillus anthracis ,Tandem Repeats ,Variable number tandem repeat ,Infectious Diseases ,Veterinary Diseases ,Medical Microbiology ,Vertebrates ,Pathogens ,Research Article ,Asia ,Livestock ,030106 microbiology ,Bacillus Anthracis ,Multiple Loci VNTR Analysis ,Research and Analysis Methods ,Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ,Microbiology ,Sudden death ,Bone and Bones ,Bone meal ,Anthrax ,03 medical and health sciences ,Tandem repeat ,Bovines ,Genetics ,Animals ,Humans ,Bacterial Spores ,Repeated Sequences ,Molecular Biology Techniques ,Microbial Pathogens ,Molecular Biology ,Sheep ,Bacteria ,lcsh:R ,Organisms ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Outbreak ,Bacteriology ,biology.organism_classification ,People and Places ,Amniotes ,lcsh:Q ,Cattle ,Veterinary Science - Abstract
In Bangladesh, anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is considered an endemic disease affecting ruminants with sporadic zoonotic occurrences in humans. Due to the lack of knowledge about risks from an incorrect removal of infected carcasses, the disease is not properly monitored, and because of the socio-economic conditions, the situation is under-reported and under-diagnosed. For sensitive species, anthrax represents a fatal outcome with sudden death and sometimes bleeding from natural orifices. The most common source of infection for ruminants is ingestion of spores during grazing in contaminated pastures or through grass and water contaminated with anthrax spores. Domestic cattle, sheep and goats can also become infected through contaminated bone meal (used as feed) originating from anthrax-infected carcasses. The present investigation was conducted to isolate B. anthracis organisms from 169 samples (73 soil, 1 tissue, 4 bone and 91 bone meal samples) collected from 12 different districts of Bangladesh. The sampling was carried out from 2012 to 2015. Twelve samples resulted positive for B. anthracis. Biomolecular analyses were conducted starting from the Canonical Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (CanSNP) to analyze the phylogenetic origin of strains. The analysis of genotype, obtained through the Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) with the analysis of 15 Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR), demonstrated four different genotypes: two of them were previously identified in the district of Sirajganj. The sub-genotyping, conducted with Single Nucleotide Repeats analysis, revealed the presence of eight subgenotypes. The data of the present study concluded that there was no observed correlation between imported cattle feed and anthrax occurrence in Bangladesh and that the remarkable genetic variations of B. anthracis were found in the soil of numerous outbreaks in this country.
- Published
- 2016
33. Ecological determinants of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) outbreaks in Bangladesh
- Author
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Jens Peter Christensen, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Nils Toft, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Annette Kjær Ersbøll, and Abu S.M.A. Hannan
- Subjects
South asia ,Epidemiology ,Highly pathogenic ,animal diseases ,Ecological and Environmental Phenomena ,lcsh:Medicine ,Biology ,Theoretical ecology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Disease Outbreaks ,Birds ,Zoonoses ,medicine ,Asian country ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,lcsh:Science ,Bangladesh ,Models, Statistical ,Multidisciplinary ,Ecology ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Outbreak ,virus diseases ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Infectious Diseases ,ROC Curve ,Influenza in Birds ,Medicine ,Regression Analysis ,Livestock ,lcsh:Q ,Public Health ,business ,Zoology ,Freshwater ecology ,Research Article - Abstract
Background: The agro-ecology and poultry husbandry of the south Asian and south-east Asian countries share common features, however, with noticeable differences. Hence, the ecological determinants associated with risk of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI-H5N1) outbreaks are expected to differ between Bangladesh and e. g., Thailand and Vietnam. The primary aim of the current study was to establish ecological determinants associated with the risk of HPAI-H5N1 outbreaks at subdistrict level in Bangladesh. The secondary aim was to explore the performance of two different statistical modeling approaches for unmeasured spatially correlated variation. Methodology/Principal Findings: An ecological study at subdistrict level in Bangladesh was performed with 138 subdistricts with HPAI-H5N1 outbreaks during 2007-2008, and 326 subdistricts with no outbreaks. The association between ecological determinants and HPAI-H5N1 outbreaks was examined using a generalized linear mixed model. Spatial clustering of the ecological data was modeled using 1) an intrinsic conditional autoregressive (ICAR) model at subdistrict level considering their first order neighbors, and 2) a multilevel (ML) model with subdistricts nested within districts. Ecological determinants significantly associated with risk of HPAI-H5N1 outbreaks at subdistrict level were migratory birds' staging areas, river network, household density, literacy rate, poultry density, live bird markets, and highway network. Predictive risk maps were derived based on the resulting models. The resulting models indicate that the ML model absorbed some of the covariate effect of the ICAR model because of the neighbor structure implied in the two different models. Conclusions/Significance: The study identified a new set of ecological determinants related to river networks, migratory birds' staging areas and literacy rate in addition to already known risk factors, and clarified that the generalized concept of free grazing duck and duck-rice cultivation interacted ecology are not significant determinants for Bangladesh. These findings will refine current understanding of the HPAI-H5N1 epidemiology in Bangladesh.
- Published
- 2012
34. Prevalence and characterization of motile Salmonella in commercial layer poultry farms in Bangladesh
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Himel Barua, Katharina E. P. Olsen, Jens Peter Christensen, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
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Serotype ,Bacterial Diseases ,Veterinary medicine ,Salmonella ,Genotyping Techniques ,Veterinary Microbiology ,lcsh:Medicine ,medicine.disease_cause ,Poultry ,Foodborne Diseases ,Genotype ,Prevalence ,Cluster Analysis ,Animal Husbandry ,lcsh:Science ,Bangladesh ,Multidisciplinary ,Zoonotic Diseases ,Animal husbandry ,Poultry farming ,Veterinary Bacteriology ,Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field ,Bacterial Pathogens ,Infectious Diseases ,Veterinary Diseases ,Salmonella enterica ,Population study ,Medicine ,Bacterial and Foodborne Illness ,Plasmids ,Research Article ,Movement ,Gastroenterology and Hepatology ,Biology ,Microbiology ,Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Serotyping ,Poultry Diseases ,Salmonella Infections, Animal ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,biology.organism_classification ,lcsh:Q ,Veterinary Science ,business - Abstract
Salmonella is a globally widespread food-borne pathogen having major impact on public health. All motile serovars of Salmonella enterica of poultry origin are zoonotic, and contaminated meat and raw eggs are an important source to human infections. Information on the prevalence of Salmonella at farm/holding level, and the zoonotic serovars circulating in layer poultry in the South and South-East Asian countries including Bangladesh, where small-scale commercial farms are predominant, is limited. To investigate the prevalence of Salmonella at layer farm level, and to identify the prevalent serovars we conducted a cross-sectional survey by randomly selecting 500 commercial layer poultry farms in Bangladesh. Faecal samples from the selected farms were collected following standard procedure, and examined for the presence of Salmonella using conventional bacteriological procedures. Thirty isolates were randomly selected, from the ninety obtained from the survey, for serotyping and characterized further by plasmid profiling and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results of the survey showed that the prevalence of motile Salmonella at layer farm level was 18% (95% confidence interval 15-21%), and Salmonella Kentucky was identified to be the only serovar circulating in the study population. Plasmid analysis of the S. Kentucky and non-serotyped isolates revealed two distinct profiles with a variation of two different sizes (2.7 and 4.8 kb). PFGE of the 30 S. Kentucky and 30 non-serotyped isolates showed that all of them were clonally related because only one genotype and three subtypes were determined based on the variation in two or three bands. This is also the first report on the presence of any specific serovar of Salmonella enterica in poultry in Bangladesh.
- Published
- 2011
35. Risk factors associated with anthrax in cattle on smallholdings
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Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, M. Z. Islam, R. K. Chakraborty, Jens Peter Christensen, Subrata Kumar Shil, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
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Eichhornia crassipes ,High rate ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Bangladesh ,biology ,Epidemiology ,Outbreak ,Cattle Diseases ,Odds ratio ,biology.organism_classification ,Poaceae ,Animal Feed ,Confidence interval ,Anthrax ,Infectious Diseases ,Eichhornia ,Risk Factors ,Environmental health ,Case-Control Studies ,medicine ,Animals ,Conditional logistic regression ,Cattle ,Risk assessment - Abstract
SUMMARYUnprecedented high rates of anthrax outbreaks have been observed recently in cattle and humans in Bangladesh, with 607 human cases in 2010. By enrolling 15 case and 15 control cattle smallholdings in the spatial zone in July–September 2010, we conducted a case-control study, data of which were analysed by matched-pair analysis and multivariable conditional logistic regression. Feeding animals with uprooted and unwashed grass [odds ratio (OR) 41·2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3·7–458·8, P=0·003], and feeding water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) (OR 22·2, 95% CI 1·2–418·7, P=0·039) were independent risk factors for anthrax in cattle.
- Published
- 2011
36. The space-time clustering of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in Bangladesh
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Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Jens Peter Christensen, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, and Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed
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Veterinary medicine ,Bangladesh ,South asia ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,Epidemiology ,Highly pathogenic ,Outbreak ,Influenza a ,medicine.disease_cause ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Poultry ,Disease Outbreaks ,Infectious Diseases ,Geography ,Influenza in Birds ,medicine ,Influenza A virus ,Animals ,Cluster Analysis ,Socioeconomics ,Space-Time Clustering - Abstract
SUMMARYBangladesh faced two epidemic waves of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 in two consecutive years. The peaks of the waves were observed in February–July 2007 and January–April 2008, respectively. We examined the spatial and temporal patterns of the 293 outbreaks in 143 subdistricts in 2007 and 2008. Global clustering assessed by K-function was seen at distances 150–300 km between subdistricts. Significant local clusters were detected by space–time scan statistics. In both waves, significant primary clusters of HPAI outbreaks were identified in the central part of the country dominated by commercial production systems and in the northwestern part primarily in backyard production systems. Secondary clusters varied from the northwestern part in 2007 and the southern part in 2008. The findings are highly relevant for the successful planning and implementation of control, prevention and surveillance strategies by highlighting areas where detailed investigations should be initiated.
- Published
- 2010
37. Serosurvey of five viruses in chickens on smallholdings in Bangladesh
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N. C. Debnath, D. Biswas, Paritosh Kumar Biswas, Himel Barua, Gazi Md. Noor Uddin, and Abdul Ahad
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Rural Population ,animal structures ,viruses ,animal diseases ,Infectious bronchitis virus ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antibodies, Viral ,Newcastle disease ,Avian Influenza A Virus ,RNA Virus Infections ,Food Animals ,Seroepidemiologic Studies ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,Animals ,RNA Viruses ,Egg drop syndrome ,Poultry Diseases ,Bangladesh ,Hemagglutination assay ,Hemagglutination Inhibition Tests ,Avian infectious bronchitis ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,embryonic structures ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Chickens - Abstract
A serologic survey was undertaken in chickens in smallholdings in Bangladesh for avian influenza A virus (AIV), egg drop syndrome ’76 virus (EDS’76V), infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and reovirus (RV) in three phases: January 2002–May 2003, September 2003–August 2004, and August 2005–March 2006. Four hundred thirty-six sera collected in the 2nd phase, 295 in the first phase, 755 in the 1st plus 2nd phases and 295 in the 1st phase were investigated for AIV, EDS’76V, IBV and RV, respectively, using enzyme linked immunosorbent assays. All 854 sera collected in the three phases were screened for NDV using hemagglutination inhibition test. In chickens 20% were seropositive to AIV, 3% to EDS’76V, 74% to IBV, 88% to NDV, and 47% to RV. The seroprevalence in flocks was 23% to AIV, 6% to EDS’76V, 79% to IBV, 89% to NDV and 56% to RV. Twenty-five percent chickens had ≥10 log 2 HI titers to NDV.
- Published
- 2007
38. A longitudinal study of the incidence of major endemic and epidemic diseases affecting semi-scavenging chickens reared under the Participatory Livestock Development Project areas in Bangladesh
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Paritosh Kumar Biswas, N.C. Debnath, D. Biswas, A Rahman, and Sultan Ahmed
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Fowlpox ,Veterinary medicine ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Endemic Diseases ,Biology ,Newcastle disease ,Infectious bursal disease ,Disease Outbreaks ,Food Animals ,Epidemiology ,medicine ,Animals ,Bursa of Fabricius ,Longitudinal Studies ,Animal Husbandry ,Poultry Diseases ,Bangladesh ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Incidence ,Age Factors ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Breed ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Livestock ,Seasons ,business ,Chickens - Abstract
A 17-month (from January 2002 to May 2003) longitudinal study was undertaken to elucidate the epidemiology of important endemic and epidemic diseases affecting semi-scavenging chickens reared in the Participatory Livestock Development Project area in Bangladesh. This project was implemented in 17 northern and north-central districts of Bangladesh, under which 361 839 rural poor people were assisted to undertake poultry-rearing activity as a tool of poverty reduction. Of the total beneficiaries 93% were "key rearers". A key rearer is defined as a beneficiary who generally rears 10 to 13 hens in a semi-scavenging system with little additional feed supply. Households of 650 key rearers and some chick rearers were observed. During the study period 1227 birds, which belonged to different age, breed and sex categories, were found dead as a result of disease occurrence. From every dead bird organ samples such as the liver, heart, spleen, brain lung, trachea and bursa of Fabricius were collected. The incidence rate of mortality was 0.01976 per bird-months at risk. Of the total deaths 58.44% had single or mixed type of infections. Newcastle disease had the highest proportional mortality rate (15.81%). The proportional mortality caused by fowlpox, fowl cholera, salmonellosis, colibacillosis, aspergillosis, infectious bursal disease, mixed infections and undiagnosed cases were 8.96%, 6.76%, 7.09%, 6.93%, 0.33%, 2.04%, 10.51% and 41.56%, respectively. Newcastle disease affected a significant higher proportion (18.81%) of birds older than 60 days of age (P=0.00). Younger birds (age < or = 60 days) had a higher proportional mortality due to fowlpox and infectious bursal disease than older birds (P=0.00). Sonali (male Rhode Island Red x female Fayoumi) birds reared under the semi-scavenging system had a higher infection rate with Newcastle disease virus compared with indigenous and Fayoumi birds (P=0.00). Fowlpox was more prevalent in Fayoumi birds compared with Sonali. Surprisingly, Newcastle disease was more common in the vaccinated birds rather than the unvaccinated birds.
- Published
- 2005
39. Genotype Analysis of Bacillus anthracis Strains Circulating in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Rume, Farzana Islam, Affuso, Alessia, Serrecchia, Luigina, Rondinone, Valeria, Manzulli, Viviana, Campese, Emanuele, Di Taranto, Pietro, Biswas, Paritosh Kumar, Ahsan, Chowdhury Rafiqul, Yasmin, Mahmuda, Fasanella, Antonio, and Hugh-Jones, Martin
- Subjects
BACILLUS anthracis ,ANTHRAX diagnosis ,GENOTYPES ,SUDDEN death ,HEALTH outcome assessment - Abstract
In Bangladesh, anthrax, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis, is considered an endemic disease affecting ruminants with sporadic zoonotic occurrences in humans. Due to the lack of knowledge about risks from an incorrect removal of infected carcasses, the disease is not properly monitored, and because of the socio-economic conditions, the situation is under-reported and under-diagnosed. For sensitive species, anthrax represents a fatal outcome with sudden death and sometimes bleeding from natural orifices. The most common source of infection for ruminants is ingestion of spores during grazing in contaminated pastures or through grass and water contaminated with anthrax spores. Domestic cattle, sheep and goats can also become infected through contaminated bone meal (used as feed) originating from anthrax-infected carcasses. The present investigation was conducted to isolate B. anthracis organisms from 169 samples (73 soil, 1 tissue, 4 bone and 91 bone meal samples) collected from 12 different districts of Bangladesh. The sampling was carried out from 2012 to 2015. Twelve samples resulted positive for B. anthracis. Biomolecular analyses were conducted starting from the Canonical Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (CanSNP) to analyze the phylogenetic origin of strains. The analysis of genotype, obtained through the Multiple Locus Variable Number Tandem Repeat Analysis (MLVA) with the analysis of 15 Variable Number Tandem Repeats (VNTR), demonstrated four different genotypes: two of them were previously identified in the district of Sirajganj. The sub-genotyping, conducted with Single Nucleotide Repeats analysis, revealed the presence of eight subgenotypes. The data of the present study concluded that there was no observed correlation between imported cattle feed and anthrax occurrence in Bangladesh and that the remarkable genetic variations of B. anthracis were found in the soil of numerous outbreaks in this country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Puffer fish poisoning (tetrodotoxin) in Bangladesh: clinical profile and role of anticholinesterase drugs
- Author
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Abdullah Al Mamun, Choudhury Habibur Rasul, H A M Nazmul Ahasan, and Paritosh Kumar Roy
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Male ,Bangladesh ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Traditional medicine ,Tetraodontiformes ,business.industry ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Tetrodotoxin ,Neostigmine ,Puffer fish poisoning ,Foodborne Diseases ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Treatment Outcome ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Tropical medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Female ,Cholinesterase Inhibitors ,Paresthesia ,business ,Fishes, Poisonous - Published
- 2005
41. Spatio-Temporal Magnitude and Direction of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (H5N1) Outbreaks in Bangladesh
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Annette Kjær Ersbøll, Nils Toft, Syed Sayeem Uddin Ahmed, Jens Peter Christensen, and Paritosh Kumar Biswas
- Subjects
Viral Diseases ,Veterinary medicine ,Spatial Epidemiology ,Time Factors ,Epidemiology ,animal diseases ,Highly pathogenic ,Longevity ,lcsh:Medicine ,Distribution (economics) ,Magnitude (mathematics) ,medicine.disease_cause ,Infectious Disease Epidemiology ,Poultry ,Disease Outbreaks ,Animal Influenza ,Zoonoses ,medicine ,Influenza A virus ,Animals ,lcsh:Science ,Biology ,Avian influenza A viruses ,Bangladesh ,Multidisciplinary ,Population Biology ,Geography ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,Zoonotic Diseases ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,virus diseases ,Outbreak ,Bayes Theorem ,Influenza ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,Veterinary Diseases ,Influenza in Birds ,Medicine ,Infectious diseases ,Common spatial pattern ,lcsh:Q ,Veterinary Science ,Flock ,business ,Cartography ,Research Article - Abstract
Background The number of outbreaks of HPAI-H5N1 reported by Bangladesh from 2007 through 2011 placed the country among the highest reported numbers worldwide. However, so far, the understanding of the epidemic progression, direction, intensity, persistence and risk variation of HPAI-H5N1 outbreaks over space and time in Bangladesh remains limited. Methodology/principal findings To determine the magnitude and spatial pattern of the highly pathogenic avian influenza A subtype H5N1 virus outbreaks over space and time in poultry from 2007 to 2009 in Bangladesh, we applied descriptive and analytical spatial statistics. Temporal distribution of the outbreaks revealed three independent waves of outbreaks that were clustered during winter and spring. The descriptive analyses revealed that the magnitude of the second wave was the highest as compared to the first and third waves. Exploratory mapping of the infected flocks revealed that the highest intensity and magnitude of the outbreaks was systematic and persistent in an oblique line that connects south-east to north-west through the central part of the country. The line follows the Brahmaputra-Meghna river system, the junction between Central Asian and East Asian flyways, and the major poultry trading route in Bangladesh. Moreover, several important migratory bird areas were identified along the line. Geostatistical analysis revealed significant latitudinal directions of outbreak progressions that have similarity to the detected line of intensity and magnitude. Conclusion/significance The line of magnitude and direction indicate the necessity of mobilizing maximum resources on this line to strengthen the existing surveillance.
- Published
- 2011
42. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CLIMATE RELATED TARGET DISEASES IN THE COASTAL AND PLAIN AREA OF SOUTHERN BANGLADESH.
- Author
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Rasul, Choudhury Habibur, Mostafa, Khan Golam, Baruri, Nitya Nanda, Ballav, Shudhangsu Kumar, and Roy, Paritosh Kumar
- Subjects
CLIMATE change research ,ALLERGENS ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms - Abstract
Background: Climate change affects human health by altering the proliferation and distribution of pathogen, vectors and allergen. Objective: To estimate the magnitude of climate related diseases in coastal areas in contrast to the plain area and also to determine their relationship with environmental factors. Methods: This prospective cross sectional study was conducted in southern part of Bangladesh from April 2012 to March 2013. Two Upazilla for this study were Dakope in coastal area and Terokhada in plain area. Patients of all ages attending the Upazilla Health Complex (UHC) with target diseases were enrolled. Nine target diseases were: water borne (diarrhea, typhoid, viral hepatitis); vector borne (malaria, kalazar, dengue) and systemic diseases (asthma, hypertension, arsenicosis). Results: Target diseases were observed in 1042 patients in Dakope and 1296 cases in Terokhada. Diseases were lowest (20%) in monsoon and highest in winter (42%). Large bulk of patients (31-32%) in both areas was young adult (16-30 years). Diarrhoea was highest (49-53%) in frequency in both areas. A few case of dengue (1%) in Dakope and kala-azar (2%) in Terokhada was found. Hypertension (19% Vs 13%) in Dakope and asthma (11% Vs 16%) in Terokhada was more frequent. Diarrhoea, was significantly higher (p<0.001) in patients with pond water consumption. Bushes/ditches (47%) were more prevalent in dengue prone area and cattleshed/poultry (55%) in kala-azar affected area. Conclusion: Diarrhoea, dengue and hypertension were more frequent in coastal area, conversely kala-azar, asthma was more common in plain area. Water consumption, environment and economy had significant influences over them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
43. Unexpected genomic relationships between Bacillus anthracis strains from Bangladesh and Central Europe.
- Author
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Rume, Farzana Islam, Ahsan, Chowdhury Rafiqul, Biswas, Paritosh Kumar, Yasmin, Mahmuda, Braun, Peter, Walter, Mathias C., Antwerpen, Markus, Grass, Gregor, and Hanczaruk, Matthias
- Subjects
- *
BACILLUS anthracis , *BACILLUS (Bacteria) , *ANTHRAX , *BACTERIAL diseases , *SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms - Abstract
The zoonosis anthrax caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis has a broad geographical distribution. Active enzootic areas are typically located away from central and northern Europe where cases of the disease occur only sporadically and in limited numbers. In contrast, a few out of the 64 districts of Bangladesh are hyper-endemic for anthrax and there the disease causes major losses in live-stock. In this study we genotyped eight strains of B. anthracis collected from the districts of Sirajganj and Tangail in 2013. All these strains belonged to canSNP group A.Br.001/002 Sterne differing only in a few of 31 tandem-repeat (MLVA)-markers. Whole genome sequences were obtained from five of these strains and compared with genomic information of B. anthracis strains originating from various geographical locations. Characteristic signatures were detected defining two “Bangladesh” clusters potentially useful for rapid molecular epidemiology. From this data high-resolution PCR assays were developed and subsequently tested on additional isolates from Bangladesh and Central Europe. Remarkably, this comparative genomic analysis focusing on SNP-discovery revealed a close genetic relationship between these strains from Bangladesh and historic strains collected between 1991 and 2008 in The Netherlands and Germany, respectively. Possible explanations for these phylogenetic relationships are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Acquisition of Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1 in Escherichia coli of Livestock Origin in Bangladesh.
- Author
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Dutta, Avijit, Islam, Md. Zohorul, Barua, Himel, Rana, Eaftekhar Ahmed, Jalal, Mohammad Shah, Dhar, Pangkaj Kumar, Das, Avijit, Das, Tridip, Sarma, Sabuj Manohar, Biswas, Sanjoy Kanti, and Biswas, Paritosh Kumar
- Subjects
- *
COLISTIN , *ESCHERICHIA coli , *MICROBIAL sensitivity tests , *LIVESTOCK , *GENES - Abstract
Aims: To investigate plasmid-borne colistin resistance mechanism (plasmid-mediated colistin resistance [mcr-1]) in Escherichia coli of human, veterinary, and environmental origin in Bangladesh. Materials and methods: A total of 810 samples were collected from different sources. Isolation and identification of E. coli was performed using classical bacteriology and then tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. Colistin-resistant isolates were further analyzed for mcr-1 gene using PCR. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using microbroth dilution technique. After sequencing of mcr-1 gene, phylogenetics was conducted to see the relationship with other mcr-1 gene sequences. Results: A total of 358 E. coli were isolated from 810 samples of humans, animals, environment, and food in Bangladesh. Of them 49 (15.9%) isolates were phenotypically resistant to colistin and 254 (70.9%) were resistant to multiple antimicrobials. mcr-1 gene was detected in three E. coli isolates of poultry source. For the three mcr-1 positive isolates the MIC of colistin sulfate was 4, 8, and 128 μg/mL. Gene sequencing of two of the three mcr-1 positive isolates and phylogenetic analysis showed close similarities of one isolate to other mcr-1 sequences available at GenBank while the other appeared to have evolved locally. Conclusion: First-ever report on circulation of mcr-1 E. coli of livestock origin in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Molecular epidemiology of circulating highly pathogenic avian influenza (H5N1) virus in chickens, in Bangladesh, 2007–2010
- Author
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Ahmed, Syed Sayeem Uddin, Themudo, Gonçalo Espregueira, Christensen, Jens Peter, Biswas, Paritosh Kumar, Giasuddin, Mohammed, Samad, Mohammed Abdus, Toft, Nils, and Ersbøll, Annette Kjær
- Subjects
- *
MOLECULAR epidemiology , *H5N1 Influenza , *CHICKENS , *HUMAN genetic variation , *BIOLOGICAL evolution , *HEMAGGLUTININ , *AMINO acid sequence - Abstract
Abstract: Bangladesh has been severely hit by highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 (HPAI-H5N1). However, little is known about the genetic diversity and the evolution of the circulating viruses in Bangladesh. In the present study, we analyzed the hemagglutinin gene of 30 Bangladeshi chicken isolates from 2007 through 2010. We analyzed the polybasic amino acid sequence motif of the cleavage site and amino acid substitution pattern. Phylogenetic history was reconstructed using neighbor-joining and Bayesian time-scaled methods. In addition, we used Mantel correlation tests to analyze the relation between genetic relatedness and spatial and temporal distances. Neighbor-joining phylogeography revealed that virus circulating in Bangladesh from 2007 through 2010 belonged to clade 2.2. The results suggest that clade 2.2 viruses are firmly entrenched and have probably become endemic in Bangladesh. We detected several amino acid substitutions, but they are not indicative of adaptation toward human infection. The Mantel correlation test confirmed significant correlation between genetic distances and temporal distances between the viruses. The Bayesian tree shows that isolates from waves 3 and 4 derived from a subgroup of isolates from the previous waves grouping with a high posterior probability (pp=1.0). This indicates the possibility of formation of local subclades. One surprising finding of spatio-temporal analysis was that genetically identical virus caused independent outbreaks over a distance of more than 200km and within 14 days of each other. This might indicate long distance dispersal through vectors such as migratory birds and vehicles, and challenges the effectiveness of movement restriction around 10km radius of an outbreak. The study indicates possible endemicity of the clade 2.2 HPAI-H5N1 virus in Bangladesh. Furthermore, the formation of a subclade capable of transmission to humans cannot be ruled out. The findings of this study might provide valuable information for future surveillance, prevention and control programme. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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