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Use of confocal scanning laser microscopy in a noninvasive particle image velocimetry method facilitates the detection and estimation of liquid flow velocity in a biofilm systems. A model biofilm, comprising Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, helps analyze the associations between hydrodynamics and structural heterogeneity. Liquid flow is detected within biofilm pathways.

A study was conducted to examine the metabolic activity like oxygen consumption and acid formation and viability and the effect of antimicrobial chlorhexidine (CHX) treatment on the physiology of the dental biofilms during exposure to sucrose. The CHX exposure was observed to reduce the metabolic activity and microbial viability at the biofilm surface and drove metabolic activity deeper into the biofilm.