1. T-cell and antibody responses to first BNT162b2 vaccine dose in previously infected and SARS-CoV-2-naive UK health-care workers: a multicentre prospective cohort study
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Adrienn Angyal, Stephanie Longet, Shona C Moore, Rebecca P Payne, Adam Harding, Tom Tipton, Patpong Rongkard, Mohammad Ali, Luisa M Hering, Naomi Meardon, James Austin, Rebecca Brown, Donal Skelly, Natalie Gillson, Sue L Dobson, Andrew Cross, Gurjinder Sandhar, Jonathan A Kilby, Jessica K Tyerman, Alexander R Nicols, Jarmila S Spegarova, Hema Mehta, Hailey Hornsby, Rachel Whitham, Christopher P Conlon, Katie Jeffery, Philip Goulder, John Frater, Christina Dold, Matthew Pace, Ane Ogbe, Helen Brown, M Azim Ansari, Emily Adland, Anthony Brown, Meera Chand, Adrian Shields, Philippa C Matthews, Susan Hopkins, Victoria Hall, William James, Sarah L Rowland-Jones, Paul Klenerman, Susanna Dunachie, Alex Richter, Christopher J A Duncan, Eleanor Barnes, Miles Carroll, Lance Turtle, Thushan I de Silva, Adam Watson, Ahmed Alhussni, Alexander Nicols, Alexandra Deeks, Alice Webb-Bridges, Anni Jämsén, Anu Chawla, Christopher Duncan, Christopher Conlon, Denise O'Donnell, Esme Weeks, Hibatullah Abuelgasim, Huiyuan Xiao, Jarmila Spegarova, Jennifer Holmes, Jenny Haworth, Jessica Tyerman, Jonathan Kilby, Joseph Cutteridge, Katy Lillie, Leigh Romaniuk, Lucy Denly, Luisa Hering, M. Azim Ansari, Mwila Kasanyinga, Philippa Matthews, Rebecca Payne, Robert Wilson, Sarah Rowland-Jones, Sarah Thomas, Shona Moore, Siobhan Gardiner, Stephanie Tucker, Sue Dobson, Syed Adlou, Thushan de Silva, Allan Lawrie, Nikki Smith, Helena Turton, Amira Zawia, Martin Bayley, Alex Fairman, Kate Harrington, Rosemary Kirk, Louise Marsh, Lisa Watson, Steven Wood, Benjamin Diffey, Chris Jones, Lauren Lett, Gareth Platt, Krishanthi Subramaniam, Daniel Wootton, Brendan Payne, Sophie Hambleton, Sinead Kelly, Judith Marston, Sonia Poolan, Dianne Turner, Muzlifah Haniffa, Emily Stephenson, Sandra Adele, Hossain Delowar Akhter, Senthil Chinnakannan, Catherine de Lara, Timothy Donnison, Carl-Philipp Hackstein, Lian Lee, Nicholas Lim, Tom Malone, Eloise Phillips, Narayan Ramamurthy, Nichola Robinson, Oliver Sampson, David Eyre, Beatrice Simmons, Lizzie Stafford, Alexander Mentzer, Ali Amini, Carolina Arancibia-Cárcamo, Nicholas Provine, Simon Travis, Stavros Dimitriadis, Sile Johnson, Sarah Foulkes, Jameel Khawam, Edgar Wellington, Javier Gilbert-Jaramillo, Michael Knight, Maeva Dupont, Emily Horner, James Thaventhiran, Jeremy Chalk, and Group, PITCH Consortium
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Microbiology (medical) ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Medicine (General) ,COVID-19 Vaccines ,T cell ,Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) ,T-Lymphocytes ,medicine.disease_cause ,Antibodies, Viral ,Peripheral blood mononuclear cell ,Microbiology ,Immune system ,R5-920 ,Virology ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Humans ,Prospective Studies ,Prospective cohort study ,BNT162 Vaccine ,Coronavirus ,Vaccines, Synthetic ,biology ,business.industry ,SARS-CoV-2 ,COVID-19 ,Articles ,QR1-502 ,United Kingdom ,Vaccination ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Immunoglobulin G ,Antibody Formation ,biology.protein ,Leukocytes, Mononuclear ,mRNA Vaccines ,Antibody ,business - Abstract
Background Previous infection with SARS-CoV-2 affects the immune response to the first dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. We aimed to compare SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell and antibody responses in health-care workers with and without previous SARS-CoV-2 infection following a single dose of the BNT162b2 (tozinameran; Pfizer–BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Methods We sampled health-care workers enrolled in the PITCH study across four hospital sites in the UK (Oxford, Liverpool, Newcastle, and Sheffield). All health-care workers aged 18 years or older consenting to participate in this prospective cohort study were included, with no exclusion criteria applied. Blood samples were collected where possible before vaccination and 28 (±7) days following one or two doses (given 3–4 weeks apart) of the BNT162b2 vaccine. Previous infection was determined by a documented SARS-CoV-2-positive RT-PCR result or the presence of positive anti-SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid antibodies. We measured spike-specific IgG antibodies and quantified T-cell responses by interferon-γ enzyme-linked immunospot assay in all participants where samples were available at the time of analysis, comparing SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals to those with previous infection. Findings Between Dec 9, 2020, and Feb 9, 2021, 119 SARS-CoV-2-naive and 145 previously infected health-care workers received one dose, and 25 SARS-CoV-2-naive health-care workers received two doses, of the BNT162b2 vaccine. In previously infected health-care workers, the median time from previous infection to vaccination was 268 days (IQR 232–285). At 28 days (IQR 27–33) after a single dose, the spike-specific T-cell response measured in fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was higher in previously infected (n=76) than in infection-naive (n=45) health-care workers (median 284 [IQR 150–461] vs 55 [IQR 24–132] spot-forming units [SFUs] per 106 PBMCs; pInterpretation A single dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine is likely to provide greater protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, than in SARS-CoV-2-naive individuals, including against variants of concern. Future studies should determine the additional benefit of a second dose on the magnitude and durability of immune responses in individuals vaccinated following infection, alongside evaluation of the impact of extending the interval between vaccine doses. Funding UK Department of Health and Social Care, and UK Coronavirus Immunology Consortium.
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- 2022