Search

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-01T09:47:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-12-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Universidade Federal do Paraná Fundação Araucária Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Accidents involving Brown spiders are reported throughout the world. In the venom, the major toxins involved in the deleterious effects are phospholipases D (PLDs). In this work, recombinant mutated phospholipases D from three endemic species medically relevant in South America (Loxosceles intermedia, L. laeta and L. gaucho) were tested as antigens in a vaccination protocol. In such isoforms, key amino acid residues involved in catalysis, magnesium-ion coordination, and binding to substrates were replaced by Alanine (H12A-H47A, E32A-D34A and W230A). These mutations eliminated the phospholipase activity and reduced the generation of skin necrosis and edema to residual levels. Molecular modeling of mutated isoforms indicated that the three-dimensional structures, topologies, and surface charges did not undergo significant changes. Mutated isoforms were recognized by sera against the crude venoms. Vaccination protocols in rabbits using mutated isoforms generated a serum that recognized the native PLDs of crude venoms and neutralized dermonecrosis and edema induced by L. intermedia venom. Vaccination of mice prevented the lethal effects of L. intermedia crude venom. Furthermore, vaccination of rabbits prevented the cutaneous lesion triggered by the three venoms. These results indicate a great potential for mutated recombinant PLDs to be employed as antigens in developing protective vaccines for Loxoscelism. Department of Cell Biology Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Production and Research Center of Immunobiological Products (CPPI) State Department of Health Veterinary Hospital Federal University of Paraná (UFPR) Department of Structural Molecular Biology and Genetics State University of Ponta Grossa (UEPG) Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation Departament of Physics Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Multiuser Center for Biomolecular Innovation Departament of Physics Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Universidade Federal do Paraná: 02/2020 Universidade Federal do Paraná: 04/2019 Fundação Araucária: 057/2017 CNPq: 303868/2016-3 CNPq: 408633/2018-2

Neospora caninum is one of the most prevalent Apicomplexa parasites that causes abortion in cattle, as it infects dogs as its definitive host, causing subclinical disease or active neosporosis, marked by meningoencephalitis, and myopathies with muscle and neuromuscular signs of disease. This study aimed to evaluate the acute phase protein response in dogs seropositive and seronegative for N. caninum. Serum samples of 72 dogs were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody test using N. caninum NC-1 strain, and the study population was divided into four groups: symptomatic - muscular and/or neuromuscular signs - and seropositive (n = 16); symptomatic and seronegative (n = 9); asymptomatic and seropositive (n = 34); and asymptomatic and seronegative (n = 13). C-reactive protein (CRP) was measured via immunoturbidimetric assay and serum haptoglobin (Hp) via hemoglobin-binding capacity assay. In the symptomatic groups, seropositive dogs had higher levels of Hp, but not CRP, while seronegative dogs had higher CRP levels. There was no difference in CRP concentration in asymptomatic dogs. Dogs with neuromuscular signs had higher concentrations for Hp in the group seropositive. Hp concentration did not differ between dogs seropositive and seronegative dogs for each group. Serum Hp and CRP could not sufficiently alone flag subclinical infections. Measurement of CRP and Hp concentrations could be clinically valuable to the diagnosis of neurological diseases, and their relative change may indicate the stage of the infection, although their sole use is not able to support the diagnosis of canine neosporosis. Further studies are encouraged to evaluate the specific dynamics of acute phase proteins in canine neosporosis. Serum samples of 72 dogs were tested by an immunofluorescence antibody test using N. caninum NC-1 strain, and the study population was divided into four groups: (1) dogs with muscular and/or neuromuscular signs and seropositive for N. caninum; (2) dogs with muscular and/or neuromuscular signs and seronegative for N. caninum; (3) dogs seropositive for N. caninum with no neuromuscular signs; and (4) healthy dogs and seronegative for N. caninum. The study evaluated if N. caninum infection could have pathophysiological changes activating the acute phase response and an increase in the concentration of acute phase proteins in serum.

Brazil has the highest number of birds of prey in the world, which are important environmental quality indicators. Nevertheless, few studies of the clinical pathology of raptors have been developed in this country. The objectives of this study were to create a database of owl hematology in Brazil and to compare the values between sex in Asio clamator, Megascops spp. and Tyto furcata. Blood samples were collected from 81 captive owls of 10 species located in Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná and São Paulo states, Brazil. Hemogram and Total Plasma Protein (TPP) values were determined. Reference intervals (RIs) and descriptive statistic values were established using an Excel program with Reference Value Advisor. The reference intervals were the following: A. clamator: RBC (×106/?L) 1.0-2.5; PCV (%) 30.2-50.1; Hb (g dL-1) 6.7-15.3; MCV (fL) 123.8-355.2; MCHC (%) 17.1-38.6; WBC (× 103/?L) 1.2-23.6; Heterophils (× 103/?L) 0.6-16.6; Lymphocytes (× 103/?L) 0.6-10.2; Eosinophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-1.9; Basophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-1.0; Thrombocytes (× 103/?L) 10.8-56.6; H/L 0.0-10.8. Megascops spp.: RBC (× 106/?L) 0.8-2.3; PCV (%) 29.7-44.6; Hb (g dL-1) 6.4-12.4; MCV (fL) 131.6-374.4; MCHC (%) 12.1-34; WBC (× 103/?L) 0.7-23.1; Heterophils (× 103/?L) 1.1-10.3; Lymphocytes (× 103/?L) 0.0-11.5; Eosinophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-2.2; Basophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-0.7; Thrombocytes (× 103/?L) 10.3-43.6; H/L 0.5-7.3; TPP (g dL-1) 2.9-5.1. The parameters for Tyto furcata were presented with descriptive statistics values. Individual data were provided for the others Strigiformes species sampled. This study provides a wide database of hematological and TPP references for Megascops spp., A. clamator and T. furcata and hematological values for Athene cunicularia, Bubo virginianus, Pulsatrix perspicillata, Asio stygius, Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, Strix virgata and Asio flammeus in Brazil.

The present study investigated the antineoplastic effects of pectic polysaccharides that were extracted from green sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum [CAP]) in the Ehrlich carcinoma in mice and in human mammary tumor lineages. After the subcutaneous inoculation of 2 × 106 Ehrlich tumor cells, Female Swiss mice received 50, 100, or 150 mg/kg CAP or vehicle orally once daily or methotrexate (2.5 mg/kg, i.p., every 5 days) for 21 days. CAP dose-dependently reduced Ehrlich tumor growth. It also reduced the viability of MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and MDA-MB-436 human mammary cell lineages. Treatment with CAP reduced the gene expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in vivo and in vitro, reduced vessel areas of the tumors, and induced necrosis in Ehrlich solid tumors. CAP treatment significantly increased Interleukin-6 in tumors. The antineoplastic effect of CAP appears to depend on the regulation of inflammation and angiogenesis. Further studies are encouraged to better understand the CAP potential for the treatment of breast tumors.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi desenvolver um diluente de sêmen de touros eficiente no controle de Neospora caninum. O teste dos antimicrobianos (experimento 1) - trimetoprim isolado (TRI) e associado a sulfadiazina (SDT) e ao sulfametoxazol (SMT), claritromicina (CLA), eritromicina (ERI), azitromicina (AZI) e clindamicina (CLI) - foi realizado utilizando cultivo celular e avaliado quanto à presença de taquizoítas livres e ao efeito citopático na monocamada. Os antimicrobianos que se mostraram eficazes no controle dos taquizoítos in vitro foram utilizados na preparação do diluente para o sêmen. Cada antimicrobiano foi avaliado quanto à toxicidade dos espermatozóides (experimento 2) sendo 8 grupos (7 grupos receberam antibiótico no diluente, exceto 1 grupo- grupo controle). Em relação à análise morfológica, os grupos SMT e AZI apresentaram mais defeitos de acrossoma e de cauda.Os grupos SDT, SMT e AZI apresentaram valores mais baixos da Velocidade de Trajeto. A Velocidade Progressiva foi menor nos grupos SMT e AZI e a Frequência de Batimentos de cauda também foi menor nos grupos CLI e AZI. Os valores de Velocidade Curvilinear dos grupos SDT, SMT e CLA foram menores. Os grupos SMT, ERI e AZI apresentaram valores mais baixos de Motilidade Total e Motilidade Progressiva. Quanto à citometria de fluxo, os grupos SDT, SMT e AZI apresentaram percentagens maiores de reação acrossomal e membrana plasmática lesada. Os antibióticos que podem ser adicionados ao diluente de sêmen bovino foram clindamicina, claritromicina e trimetoprim.

O Neospora caninum é um protozoário intracelular identificado pela primeira vez como causador de encefalomielite e miosite em cães e desde então foi detectado em ampla variedade de animais domésticos. O cão e os canídeos selvagens são os hospedeiros definitivos do protozoário e eliminam oocistos nas fezes e se infectam pela ingestão de cistos em tecidos infectados. Embora a transmissão vertical seja altamente eficiente em vacas, a transmissão congênita de Neospora caninum por infecção natural em cães é pouco relatada (DUBEY & SCHARES, 2011). O objetivo do presente estudo foi relatar a presença de DNA de Neospora caninum em amostra de fígado de um filhote de uma ninhada de uma cadela soropositiva. Uma cadela da raça Bulldog Francês de 3 anos de idade, matriz reprodutora de um criatório de cães e assintomática, apresentava histórico de uma primeira gestação de 3 de 5 filhotes que desenvolveram sinais neurológicos e vieram a óbito nas primeiras semanas de vida. Essa cadela apresentou soropositividade para Neospora caninum na RIFI com titulação 1:100. Amostras de tecidos desses filhotes necropsiados foram testados para N. caninum no PCR e foram negativos. Ela foi inseminada artificialmente novamente com sêmen de um macho soronegativo para uma segunda gestação. Nessa gestação nasceram cinco filhotes, sendo que quatro apresentaram sinais clínicos, como letargia, dispnéia, dificuldade para mamar, choro persistente, ataxia e opacidade da córnea, que se iniciaram aos cinco aos setes dias de vida. Foram tratados com clindamicina e sulfa com trimetropim, mas vieram a óbito no décimo dia. Os filhotes foram necropsiados e amostras de tecidos (Cérebro, coração, fígado, rim, pulmão e timo) foram coletadas para a realização do diagnóstico molecular e análise histopatológicade. A extração de DNA foi realizada com kit comercial. Para a amplificação de DNA N. caninum foi empregada a reação de cadeia da polimerase nested-PCR com os primers NP6 plus, NP21 plus, NP7 e NP6, que amplificam a região NC5. Foi detectado DNA de N. caninum na amostra do fígado. Na análise histopatológica os tecidos não apresentaram alterações macroscópicas e microscópicas sugestivas de neosporose. A transmissão transplacentária em cadelas não é eficiente, cerca de 80% dos filhotes de cadelas soropositivas não são infectados, mas cadelas com infecção subclínica pode transmitir o protozoário em gestações sucessivas (BARBER & TREES., 1998). A maioria dos relatos são de infecções experimentais, nem sempre é observada a transmissão vertical e a ocorrência pode variar entre as gestações. Os casos de neosporose mais graves geralmente acometem filhotes infectados congenitamente e os sinais clínicos se iniciam a partir das três semanas após o nascimento. O presente relato ressalta a possibilidade de transmissão congênita de N. caninum em cadelas em gestações sucessivas, a importância de realizar sorologia para N. caninum nas matrizes reprodutoras dos criatórios e retirá-las da reprodução em caso de soropositividade.

We aimed to verify whether age influences the biochemical profile of healthy lambs during the first four months of life by characterizing the dynamics of its parameters and verifying whether there are differences between the profiles of growing animals and the reference values established for adults. Blood samples of 34 ½ White Dorper × ½ Suffolk female lambs were collected at 30, 60, 90, and 120 days of age, and the serum concentrations of total proteins, total globulins, albumin, urea, creatinine, bilirubins (total, conjugated, and unconjugated), total cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, gamma-glutamyltransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine kinase were determined. Descriptive statistics of these parameters were performed to compare them with the reference intervals used for adult sheep. Age influenced the dynamics of all the biochemical parameters between 30 and 120 days of age. Moreover, except for the total, conjugated and unconjugated bilirubins, total cholesterol, and aspartate aminotransferase means, the values of the lambs differed from the reference intervals established for adults. In conclusion, there is an influence of age on biochemical parameters in healthy female lambs in the first four months of life, and often the biochemical parameters of young animals differ from those of adults. Therefore, the interpretation of tests performed on growing animals should be made based on specific reference intervals for this age group.

Raptors are carnivorous birds with great hunting ability. Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis spp. are intracellular Apicomplexan protozoans which infect a wide range of intermediate hosts, including birds. The aims of this study were to evaluate the serological reactivity of captive raptors serum to T. gondii, N. caninum and S. neurona antigens and identify possible risk factors associated with the infection. From August 2014 to September 2015, blood samples from 72 raptors were collected and serum samples were tested by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT). Antigen slides were prepared using tachyzoites of T. gondii and N. caninum and using merozoites of S. neurona. Serum samples were tested at the following cut-off dilutions: 1:16 for T. gondii and 1:50 for N. caninum and S. neurona. An anti-chicken IgY antibody conjugated with FITC was used as a secondary antibody at 1:50 dilution. Out of the 72 raptors serum tested by IFAT, 2.7% reacted to N. caninum, 8.3% to T. gondii and 11.1% to S. neurona antigens. The region in which the sample was collected, the reason the raptors were kept in captivity and diet were statistically associated with seropositivity to T. gondii and the use of the birds and diet were statistically associated with seropositivity to N. caninum and S. neurona (p ≤ 0.05). We highlight the occurrence of these protozoans in birds of prey and the importance of good hygiene and feeding management of these birds in captivity to reduce the risk of protozoal infections.

Fungal pneumonia has been a differential diagnosis in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs, posting also a public health risk to respective owners. Since a common-source environmental exposure may result in infection, dogs and cats may also act as sentinels for both animal and human disease. Accordingly, the present study has aimed to evaluate the occurrence of fungal pneumonia in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs from May 2013 to February 2015 in southern Brazil. Thoracic radiographs, blood work and non-bronchoscopic Bronchoalveolar Lavage (BAL), followed by cytology and microbiologic analysis were performed in all animals. One dog was positive in the BAL fluid culture for a pathogenic fungus (Cryptococcus neoformans) and another dog to an opportunistic fungus (Candida parapsilosis). Both dogs have presented cough as the prior clinical sign and showed thoracic radiographic changes. In conclusion, the occurrence of fungal pneumonia in southern Brazil in dogs and cats through of this study was relatively low. The BAL fluid culture may allow diagnosis of fungal pneumonia caused by opportunistic or pathogenic fungi and this diagnosis should be a concern in dogs and cats with pulmonary clinical signs. RESUMO: Pneumonia fúngica tem sido um diagnóstico diferencial em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares, sendo também um risco de saúde pública para seus respectivos proprietários. Uma vez que uma fonte comum de exposição ambiental pode resultar em infecção, cães e gatos podem agir como sentinelas da doença para ambos, pessoas e animais. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de pneumonia fúngica em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares, de maio de 2013 a fevereiro 2015 no sul do Brasil. Radiografias torácicas, exame de sangue e lavado broncoalveolar (LBA) não broncoscópico seguido de análise citológica e microbiológica foram realizados em todos os animais. Um cão foi positivo na cultura do fluido do LBA para um fungo patogênico (Cryptococcus neoformans) e outro cão para um fungo oportunista (Candida parapsilosis). Ambos os cães apresentaram tosse como sinal clínico principal e alterações radiológicas torácicas. Em conclusão, a ocorrência de pneumonia fúngica no sul do Brasil em cães e gatos por meio deste estudo foi relativamente baixa. A cultura do LBA pode possibilitar o diagnóstico de pneumonia fúngica causada por fungos oportunistas ou patogênicos e este diagnóstico diferencial deve ser uma preocupação em cães e gatos com sinais clínicos pulmonares.

Bovine neosporosis has become a disease of international concern as it is among the main causes of abortion in cattle. Viable N. caninum has been isolated from brains of fetuses and neonatal calves, and there is no report of isolation of tachyzoites from kidney. Also, detailed information about the genetic diversity of N. caninum is scarce. N. caninum tachyzoites were isolated from the kidney and the brain of an aborted 4-month-old bovine foetus. The parasite was confirmed to be N. caninum by PCR. The tachyzoites of the new isolate, named BNC-PR4, were propagated in Vero cell cultures. Pathogenicity of the parasite was examined in BALB/c mice. Mice inoculated intraperitoneally with BNC-PR4 failed to yield clinical signs of disease and did not induce severe brain lesions, suggesting a bovine isolate with low virulence. The N. caninum-positive DNA sample was further analyzed by multilocus microsatellite (MS) genotyping for MS4, MS5, MS6A, MS6B, MS7, MS8, MS10, MS12, and MS21. Multilocus-microsatellite genotyping revealed a unique genetic profile that differed from previously reported isolates.

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum and Sarcocystis neurona are obligate intracellular parasites within the phylum Apicomplexa. The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is a near-threatened species of psittacine that is endemic to the Atlantic Forest of Brazil and has been designated as a bioindicator because of its sensitivity to environmental qualitative status and changes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of antibodies against T. gondii, N. caninum and S. neurona in wild red-tailed Amazon parrot nestlings on Rasa Island, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from 51 parrots and plasma samples were stored at – 20 °C until immunofluorescence antibody tests (IFAT) were performed. Antigen slides were prepared using tachyzoites of T. gondii (RH strain) and, N. caninum (NC-1 strain) and using merozoites of S. neurona (SNR37 strain). Plasma samples were tested at initial dilutions of 1:16 for T. gondii, 1:50 for N. caninum and 1:5 for S. neurona. An anti-chicken antibody conjugated with FITC was used as a secondary antibody at 1:50 dilution. No antibodies for any of these three protozoa were found, thus suggesting that these wild red-tailed Amazon parrot nestlings had not been exposed to these parasites.

O presente trabalho investigou a ocorrência e distribuição de anticorpos contra Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninume Toxoplasma gondii em cavalos, cães e gatos de Curitiba, estado do Paraná, Brasil. Amostras de soro de 100 cavalos,100 cães e 100 gatos da rotina do Laboratório de Patologia Clínica Veterinária do Hospital Veterinário da UniversidadeFederal do Paraná (UFPR) foram selecionadas. As 100 amostras de cães foram divididas em dois grupos: 35 amostrasde animais com sinal neurológico (convulsão) e 65 sem sinais neurológicos. Os animais eram adultos de diferentesraças, machos e fêmeas. As amostras foram analisadas pelo teste de reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) paraos protozoários S. neurona, N. caninum e T. gondii nas seguintes diluições de corte: cavalos: 1:50, 1:50 e 1:16; cães: 1:50,1:50 e 1:16; gatos: 1:50, 1:50 e 1:50, respectivamente. Os resultados obtidos foram 42% dos cavalos, 7% dos cães e 5% dosgatos soropositivos para S. neurona; 58% dos cavalos, 68% dos cães e 42% dos gatos soropositivos para N. caninum; e 36%dos cavalos, 20% dos cães e 21% dos gatos soropositivos para T. gondii. Entre os cães com sinal neurológico, 8.6%, 68.6%e 25.7% deles foram soropositivos para S. neurona, N. caninum e T. gondii, respectivamente. Entre os cães sem sinaisneurológicos, 6.2% 67.7% e 16.9% foram soropositivos para S. neurona, N. caninum e T. gondii, respectivamente. Não foiencontrada diferença estatística entre os grupos de cães soropositivos para os três protozoários com sinal neurológicoe sem sinais neurológicos. Coinfecção e altos títulos de anticorpos foram detectados. Os anticorpos contra Sarcocystisneurona, Neospora caninum e Toxoplasma gondii foram encontrados amplamente distribuídos entre cavalos, cães e gatosna região de Curitiba, estado do Paraná, Brasil. The occurrence and distribution of antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii wasinvestigated in horses, dogs and cats from Curitiba, Paraná state, Brazil. Serum samples were selected from 100 horses,100 dogs and 100 cats from the routine of the Veterinary Clinical Pathology Laboratory in the Veterinary Hospital of theUniversity of Paraná (UFPR). The 100 dog samples were divided into two groups: 35 samples from dogs with neurologicalsign (convulsion) and 65 samples from dogs without neurological signs. The animals were adults of different breeds, malesand females. Samples were analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for protozoa S. neurona, N. caninum andT. gondii at the following cut-off dilutions: horses: 1:50, 1:50 and 1:16; dogs: 1:50, 1:50 and 1:16; cats: 1:50, 1:50 and 1:50,respectively. The obtained results were 42% of horses, 7% of dogs and 5% of cats seropositive for S. neurona; 58% of horses,68% of dogs and 42% of cats seropositive to N. caninum, and 36% of horses, 20% of dogs and 21% of cats seropositive forT. gondii. Among the dogs with neurological signs, 8.6%, 68.6% and 25.7% were seropositive for S. neurona, N. caninumand T. gondii, respectively. Among the dogs without neurological signs, 6.2% 67.7% and 16.9% were seropositive forS. neurona, N. caninum and T. gondii, respectively. No statistical difference was found between groups of seropositivedogs for the three protozoa with neurological signs and without neurological signs. Co-infection and high antibodytiters were detected. The antibodies against Sarcocystis neurona, Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii were foundwidely distributed among horses, dogs and cats in the region of Curitiba, state of Paraná, Brazil. &nbsp

Background : Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii are closely related cyst-forming apicomplexan parasites identified as important causes of reproductive failure in cattle. Moreover, abortion cases attributed to N. caninum and T. gondii infection have been occasionally reported in sheep. Due to the relatively scarce information on the molecular detection of N. caninum in the semen of naturally infected rams, this study aimed to detect parasitic DNA in fresh semen samples and in frozen extended semen straws from male sheep from artificial inseminations centers in Southern Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results : Semen samples of 38 rams from artificial insemination centers were evaluated. Eleven rams were naturally infected (seropositive for anti- N. caninum and/or anti- T. gondii IgG) and were selected for fresh semen collection. We tested all the samples for the closely related protozoan T. gondii to detect a possible cross-reaction and co-infection, due to the close similarity with N. caninum . The indirect fluorescent antibody test was used to detect IgG antibodies in the 11 serum samples from rams. Fresh semen samples were collected from 11 rams on days 1, 50, 55, and 58 using an artificial vagina and ewe in estrus. Other 27 rams had their frozen extended semen straws analyzed. A total of 20 fresh semen samples and 27 frozen extended semen straws samples were used to detect the presence of N. caninum and T. gondii DNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Nc-5 and B1 genes were used as target regions to detect N. caninum and T. gondii DNA, respectively. The presence of N. caninum DNA was confirmed in the third collection of a fresh semen sample of one seropositive ram. T. gondii DNA was detected in a fresh semen sample of one seropositive ram. The DNA sequences of 186 bp from N. caninum (GenBank accession: MH806393) and 492 bp from T. gondii (GenBank accession: MH793503) were obtained by sequencing, and analysis revealed 99% and 100% identity, respectively, compared with other sequences deposited at GenBank. N. caninum and T. gondii DNAs were not detected in any of the 27 frozen extended semen straws used for artificial insemination. Discussion : This study demonstrated the presence of N. caninum and T. gondii DNA in fresh semen samples of naturally infected rams. The non-detection of N. caninum and T. gondii DNA in frozen semen samples of rams could be due to the dilution that was used to prepare the semen straws (GGL diluent and 5% glycerol), since fresh semen samples were not diluted prior to the test. Moreover, in our study, the volume of frozen semen samples (0.25 mL) used for PCR was lower than the volume of sediment obtained from fresh semen (0.5 mL), and the fresh semen centrifugation to obtain the sediment may have grouped the tachyzoites, increasing the sensitivity of the technique employed. No high IgG serological titers were detected in the rams at the time they were eliminating the parasite through fresh semen. The final titer of anti- N. caninum and anti -T. gondii IgGs in serum was 1:100, suggesting chronic infection. It is suggested that a new parasite elimination pathway is occurring among rams used for reproduction, due to the presence of N. caninum and T. gondii DNA in fresh semen samples from seropositive animals. Although the detection of genomic DNA of N. caninum and T. gondii in semen does not necessarily imply the presence of infectious stages of the parasites and does not determine their viability, these results demonstrate the need for further studies. Our study also indicates the need to reinforce preventive measures for sheep in artificial insemination centers until the risks are evaluated, by performing serological examinations with anti- N. caninum and anti- T. gondii antibodies, for instance, to select the rams that will be used for breeding.

Rangelia vitalii infects erythrocytes, leukocytes and endothelial cells of dogs. The present study aimed to report the molecular detection confirmed by sequencing of R. vitalii in the state of Paraná, as well as describe the clinical, hematological and biochemical alterations of the infected dogs. Three sick dogs from the metropolitan area of Curitiba, PR, Brazil, underwent a physical exam, and laboratory tests included hematology, biochemistry, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and gene sequencing. Clinical signs included apathy, anorexia, and hemorrhage. Intra-erythrocytic and extracellular piroplasms were found on peripheral blood smears from all three dogs. Blood samples from these animals were positive for Babesia sp. by PCR targeting 18S rRNA. PCR products from all three dogs were sequenced, and BLAST analysis showed that the PCR-generated sequences were highly homologous with those of R. vitalii previously reported. Hematologic findings included severe anemia, shift of neutrophils to the regenerative left, and thrombocytopenia. Serum urea levels were increased in all three dogs, and direct bilirubin levels were elevated in one dog.

This study aims to report the detection of N. caninum DNA in a newborn lamb (1) with neurological signs and congenital neosporosis and in a stillborn lamb (2), both born from the same ewe in a herd of Southern Brazil. The lambs were born during different pregnancies of a Suffolk ewe seropositive to N. caninum and seronegative to T. gondii. Histopathological lesions were observed only in the central nervous system of the lambs. The newborn lamb (1) showed mild and focal gliosis in the frontal lobe. In the hippocampal region of the stillborn lamb (2), lymphoplasmacytic perivascular cuffs and N. caninum cysts were observed in the cytoplasm of neurons and confirmed by IHC. PCR was performed using brain samples to detect the protozoa N. caninum and Toxoplasma gondii. The infection with N. caninum was confirmed in the newborn lamb (1) by PCR and in the stillborn lamb (2) by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and PCR tests.

The present study aimed to contribute towards identification and registration of tick species that parasitize dogs in rural and urban areas of three mesoregions of Paraná, southern Brazil, and to estimate the rate of occurrence of each species. Fifty-six dogs with ticks living in three mesoregions: Metropolitana de Curitiba (MC), Centro Oriental (COP) and Centro Sul Paranaense (CSP), were used in the study. From these 56 dogs, 253 ticks were collected and were identified and morphologically characterized according to the species. Among all the ticks, 69.6% were identified as belonging to the species Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s. l.); 28.1% as Amblyomma aureolatum and 2.4% as Amblyomma ovale. Among the dogs in MC that were evaluated, 57.7% were parasitized by R. sanguineus s. l., 38.5% by A. aureolatum and 3.8% by A. ovale; while in COP, 72.4% of the dogs were parasitized by A. aureolatum and 27.6% by R. sanguineus s. l.. In CSP, one tick was obtained, which was identified as A. aureolatum. Resumo O presente estudo objetivou contribuir com a identificação e o registro das espécies de carrapatos que parasitam cães de áreas rurais e urbanas de três mesorregiões do Paraná, Sul do Brasil, e estimar a taxa de ocorrência de cada espécie. Cinquenta e seis cães com carrapatos, provenientes das mesorregiões: Metropolitana de Curitiba (MC), Centro Oriental (COP) e Centro Sul Paranaense (CSP) foram utilizados no estudo. Dos 56 cães, foram coletados 253 carrapatos que foram identificados e caracterizados morfologicamente de acordo com a espécie. Do total de carrapatos, 69,6% foram identificadas como pertencentes à espécie Rhipicephalus sanguineus s. l.; 28,1% como Amblyomma aureolatum e 2,4% como Amblyomma ovale. Dentre os animais avaliados, provenientes da MC, 57,7% estavam parasitados por R. sanguineus s. l., 38,5% por A. aureolatum e 3,8% por A. ovale; enquanto na COP 72,4% dos cães foram parasitados por A. aureolatum e 27,6% por R. sanguineus s. l.. Na CSP foi obtido um carrapato, identificado como A. aureolatum.

The aim of this study was to isolate Toxoplasma gondii and determine the viability of the parasite in fresh semen samples of clinically healthy adult dogs naturally infected. Eleven seropositive dogs with T. gondii IgG antibodies from southern Brazil were selected to confirm the presence and viability of T. gondii in fresh semen samples using in vitro isolation in Vero cell culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing analysis. The presence of viable T. gondii was confirmed by in vitro isolation and PCR in five semen samples. The ITS1 region of the isolated protozoa (TG S4) was amplified and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence obtained was 99% compatible with the T. gondii DNA sequences stored in the GenBank. It has been shown that T. gondii tachyzoites may be isolated in vitro from fresh semen samples of clinically healthy dogs seropositive for T. gondii.

Background Black-Fronted Piping-Guan (Aburria jacutinga) is considered one of the most threatened bird species on the American continent. Ex situ conservation efforts have been developed in Brazil, and monitoring the health status of these populations is essential to ensure reproductive success in captivity. Reference intervals (RI) for biochemistry analytes from a larger population of Black-Fronted Piping-Guan are unavailable. Objectives This study was aimed at establishing RI for biochemical analytes of captive Black-Fronted Piping-Guan for future improved health assessments in these animals. Methods Blood samples were collected from 32 adult Black-Fronted Piping-Guans for serum and plasma separation. Liver and kidney function markers, and concentration of protein and lipids were measured. Reference intervals were determined using an Excel program with Reference Value Adviser (version 2.0). Results The RI of the analytes were: AST 20.7–188.0 U/L; CK 713.7–4741.4 U/L; LDH 360.7–1173.7 U/L; γ Glutamyl Transferase 1.1–5.4 U/L; total plasma protein 3.5–6.2 g/dL; total serum protein 1.7–4.7 g/dL; uric acid 0.9–19.2 mg/dL; urea 7.0–25.3 mg/dL; cholesterol 71.8–232.2 mg/dL; triglycerides 25.6–183.4 mg/dL. Conclusions The RI are similar to the ones published for other avian species. Only CK and uric acid values were in discordance with the usually reported avian ranges. This could be due to different methods of capture and physical restraint. Alternatively, some differences could be species-specific. In general, physical restraint should be limited to a minimum and without stress to prevent capture myopathy and death.

The present study evaluated the effects of acute treatment with silymarin, an extract that is obtained from Silybum marianum, on angiogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation in normoglycemic and diabetic mice. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (80 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in male Swiss mice, 6 weeks of age. A polyether-polyurethane sponge was surgically implanted in the back of the mice as a model of healing in both diabetic and normoglycemic animals that were treated with oral silymarin or water for 10 days. The pancreas, liver, kidneys, blood, and sponges were collected and analyzed. Diabetes led to impairments of antioxidant defenses, reflected by a reduction of pancreatic superoxide dismutase and hepatic and renal catalase and an increase in pancreatic lipoperoxidation. An inflammatory process was observed in diabetic mice, reflected by an increase in pancreatic tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and the infiltration of inflammatory cells in islets. The number of vessels was lower in the implanted sponges in diabetic mice. Silymarin treatment attenuated this damage, restoring antioxidant enzymes and reducing pancreatic TNF-α and inflammatory infiltration. However, silymarin treatment did not restore angiogenesis or glycemia. In conclusion, treatment with silymarin red uced oxidative stress and inflammation that were induced in the model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in several organs, without apparent toxicity. Silymarin may be a promising drug for controlling diabetic complications.

Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrencia de anticorpos anti- Neospora caninum . e anti- Toxoplasma gondii em cavalos do Pantanal, no estado de Mato Grosso. Duzentas amostras de sangue foram coletadas de equinos do Pantanal Mato-grossense, Brasil. As amostras foram analisadas pela reacao de Imunofluorescencia Indireta (RIFI) para pesquisa de anticorpos anti- Neospora caninum e anti- Toxoplasma gondii. Os anticorpos anti N. caninum foram detectados em 30 (15%) dos 200 cavalos, nos titulos de 50 (25 cavalos), 100 (dois cavalos), 200 (dois cavalos) e 400 (um cavalo). Os anticorpos anti T. gondii foram detectados em cinco (2,5%) dos 200 cavalos, nos titulos de 50 (tres cavalos), 200 (um cavalo) e 400 (um cavalo). Em um cavalo verificou-se presenca de anticorpos para ambos coccideos (titulo de 200 para N. caninum e 400 para T. gondii ). Os equinos pantaneiros foram expostos ao N. caninum e T. gondii .

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a aplicabilidade da pesquisa de anticorpos anti- Toxoplasma gondii e anti- Neospora caninum em amostras de leite bovino pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI) e sua concordância com a detecção desses anticorpos em amostras de soro sanguíneo, simultaneamente coletadas das mesmas vacas. No total, foram analisadas amostras correspondentes de soro sanguíneo e de leite de 177 vacas em início de lactação. Para o T. gondii, o diagnóstico no leite demonstrou concordância boa e sensibilidade baixa, quando comparado ao soro sanguíneo com título de anticorpos séricos ≥64 (ponto de corte). Quanto ao N. caninum, obteve-se concordância excelente entre a detecção de anticorpos no soro sanguíneo com título ≥50 (considerado ponto de corte para termos de diagnóstico) e no leite, com sensibilidade de 80,7% e especificidade de 100%, no entanto, para as vacas com títulos de anticorpos ≥100 no soro sanguíneo, a sensibilidade e a especificidade foram de 100%. Nas condições do presente estudo, demonstrou-se que a RIFI não é indicada para diagnóstico da toxoplasmose em amostras de leite bovino, devido ao alto percentual de vacas soropositivas para anticorpos anti-T. gondii no soro sanguíneo diluído 1:64, em cujas amostras de leite não houve detecção desses anticorpos. Por outro lado, a RIFI é um teste viável para o diagnóstico da neosporose bovina, especialmente considerando como ponto de corte um título de anticorpos séricos ≥100, podendo ser recomendável pela praticidade de coleta da amostra como parte de programas de saúde dos rebanhos e estudos epidemiológicos

Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) usually arrive in poor body conditions at Brazilian beaches during the winter. Hematology provides valuable information about clinical and immunity status of the animals. The aims of this study were to determine the hematologic, total plasma protein (TPP) and fibrinogen profiles of young and adult magellanic penguins in PROAMAR and CETAS-SC, relating these results with the state of health and survival possibility of the animals. In Paraná 14 animals were evaluated in pre and eight in post-rehabilitation and 29 animals were evaluated in Santa Catarina after rehabilitation. Before rehabilitation, all animals showed weakness. In hematological exams of these animals, we found that anemia was present in 83% of the penguins that died and 50% of those which survived. The heterophils/lymphocytes (H/L) ratio was 3.87±0.57 in animals that died, significantly higher than the average of 2.20±0.30 for animals that survived. These two parameters are useful to assess the survival possibility of animals to rehabilitation. The body condition score was positively correlated with hematocrit and TPP, and negatively correlated with H/L ratio. After rehabilitation, the values were similar to other animals of the family Spheniscidae, with averages ranging from 1.64 to 1.90x106 erythrocytes/μL; 43.38 to 48.80% of hematocrit; 12.45 to 13.52g/dL of hemoglobin; 8,684 to 14,011 leukocytes/μL; 4,767 to 8,041 heterophils/μL; 3,215 to 4,951 lymphocytes/μL; 95 to 655 eosinophils/μl; 179.8 to 277.9 monocytes/μL; 141 to 184.9 basophils/μL; and 1.26 to 1.74 of H/L ratio. These parameters can therefore be used as reference values and release parameters for young and adult Magellanic penguins in captivity on the rehabilitation centers. Resumo: Pinguins-de-magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) geralmente chegam debilitados às praias do Brasil durante o inverno. A hematologia fornece informações valiosas sobre estado clínico e imunidade dos animais. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram determinar o perfil hematológico, de proteína plasmática total (PPT) e fibrinogênio de pinguins-de-magalhães jovens e adultos no PROAMAR e no CETAS-SC, relacionando esses resultados com o estado de saúde e possibilidade de sobrevivência dos animais. Foram avaliados no Paraná 14 animais na pré e oito na pós-reabilitação e 29 animais em Santa Catarina após a reabilitação. Antes da reabilitação, todos os animais apresentavam debilidade. Nos exames hematológicos desses animais, observou-se que a anemia estava presente em 83% dos pinguins que foram a óbito e em 50% dos que sobreviveram. A relação heterófilos/linfócitos (H/L) foi de 3,87±0,57 nos animais que foram a óbito, significativamente maior que a média de 2,20±0,30 dos animais que sobreviveram. Esses dois parâmetros são úteis na avaliação da possibilidade de sobrevivência dos animais à reabilitação. O escore corporal apresentou correlação positiva com hematócrito e PPT, e correlação negativa com relação H/L. Após a reabilitação os valores foram semelhantes aos de outros animais da família Spheniscidae, com médias variando de 1,64 a 1,90 x106 eritrócitos/μL; 43,38 a 48,80% de hematócrito; 12,45 a 13,52g/dL de hemoglobina; 8.684 a 14.011 leucócitos/μL; 4.767 a 8.041 heterófilos/μL; 3.215 a 4.951 linfócitos/μL; 95 a 655 eosinófilos/μL; 179,8 a 277,9 monócitos/μL; 141 a 184,9 basófilos/μL; e 1,26 a 1,74 de relação H/L. Esses parâmetros, portanto, podem ser utilizados como valores de referência e parâmetros para soltura para pinguins-de-magalhães jovens e adultos em cativeiro nos centros de reabilitação.

The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is an endangered psittacine species, but little information is available about abnormal clinical findings and hematologic and biochemical values of this species, which are important for monitoring the health of this population. To determine hematologic and biochemical values for wild red-tailed parrot nestlings exhibiting abnormal clinical findings, 31 nestlings from the Rasa Island (Parana State, Southern Brazil) were physically restrained for clinical examination and blood sample collection. On physical examination, 26 birds had mild abnormalities and 5 had severe disorders. Parrots were divided into 5 groups according to the following clinical findings: presence of ectoparasites (group 1), respiratory disorders (group 2), chronic skin lesions caused by fly larvae (group 3), beak disorders (group 4), and severe clinical signs (group 5). Abnormal hematologic and biochemical findings in the nestlings were high total protein in group 3; low values for hemoglobin and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration in group 4; low glucose concentration, high mean absolute heterophil count, and high heterophil : lymphocyte ratio in group 5; high concentrations of total plasma protein in groups 3 and 4; and high globulin concentration in groups 3 and 5. In general, the population assessed was in good condition. These results provide a guide to the expected clinical findings associated with hematologic and biochemical concentrations in a population of free-living parrots with abnormal clinical examination findings. The data support the conservation planning and health monitoring of the endangered red-tailed Amazon parrot.

The black-fronted piping-guan (Aburria jacutinga) is and an endangered cracid species and little is known about its health. Hematology allows researchers to assess the health and physiological status of a population, but, to our knowledge, reference intervals are not available in the literature for A. jacutinga. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the hematological reference intervals of 31 captive black-fronted pipingguan adults in the state of Parana, Brazil. Blood samples were collected from brachial vein and stored in heparinized tubes to be processed. The red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) counts were performed in a hemocytometer, and hemoglobin (HGB) concentration was obtained by the spectrophotometric cyanmethemoglobin method; packed cell volume (PCV) was determined by microhematocrit technique, and the mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were calculated according to a previously established formula. The heterophil : lymphocyte ratio was calculated by dividing the number of heterophils by the number of lymphocytes. Determination of the 95% reference intervals and 90% confidence intervals were performed in accordance with American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology guidelines using Reference Value Advisor (version 2.0). The results obtained were as follows: RBC, 1.4-2.8 × 106/µl; PCV, 34.3-51.2%; HGB, 8.0-12.6 g/dl; MCV, 157.3-261.4 fl; MCHC, 22.0-26.7 g/dl; WBC, 2.3-33.1 × 103/µl; heterophils, 12.1-16.3%, 0.5-14.4 × 103/µl; lymphocytes, 19.8-69.0%, 1.4-16.4 × 103/µl; monocytes, 0.7-17.3%, 0.1-2.8×103/µl; eosinophils, 0.4-12.8%, 0.0-3.9 × 103/µl; basophils, 0.8-12.0%, 0.0-1.9 × 103/µl; and the heterophil : lymphocyte ratio, 0.2-3.0. The present study fills gaps in the literature on hematological values for A. jacutinga, which can be used to assess the health of the species populations. In addition, it contributed to establishing the health status of captive black-fronted piping-guans, indicating the possible welfare of the birds.

The objectives of this study were to estimate the phenotypic correlations of residual feed intake (RFI) and gross feed efficiency (GFE) with hematological and metabolic blood profiles of lambs and to determine the differences for these traits in animals of different RFI classes. Twenty Ile de France male lambs, 115±8 days of age and 31.3±4.1 kg of body weight (means ± SD), were individually housed and their dry matter intake was measured over 65 days. They were weighed every 13 days to determine the average daily weight gain and two blood samples were collected at the last two weighings (at 07h30) for analysis of blood variables. The animals were divided into two classes: negative RFI (most efficient: 0.5 SD above the mean; n=8). There were associations among RFI and the serum metabolic variables for albumin (rRFI = 0.74) and creatinine (rRFI = -0.45) and between GFE and serum albumin (rGFE = -0.70). Less efficient animals as measured by RFI had higher serum albumin and lower creatinine levels and showed a tendency to have a greater concentration of total plasma protein. Other serum biochemical parameters were not correlated with GFE and RFI, and no differences between RFI classes were found. There was a correlation between the percentage of eosinophils and RFI (rRFI = -0.65), and such more efficient animals had a higher proportion of these cells and a trend to have a lower percentage of monocytes. This study provided evidence indicating associations between RFI and protein metabolism, as reflected by the serum albumin and creatinine. The hematological findings suggest that RFI is related to susceptibility of lambs to stressand should provide a basis for further research in this regard.

Importantes alterações fisiológicas influenciam o perfil sanguíneo dos ruminantes durante a fase de crescimento, mas poucos estudos abordam os fatores envolvidos nessa dinâmica em cordeiros. O objetivo deste estudo foi caracterizar a dinâmica dos parâmetros hematológicos, da proteína plasmática total (PPT) e do fibrinogênio em cordeiras saudáveis durante os primeiros quatro meses de vida. Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 35 cordeiras aos 30, 60, 90 e 120 dias de idade para a realização do hemograma. Os parâmetros eritrocitários e leucocitários, a PPT e o fibrinogênio foram determinados. As médias da contagem total de eritrócitos aos 60 e 120 dias diferiram (P < 0,05) da média inicial, apresentando pico de 13,6 x 106 células µL-1 aos 60 dias de idade. Os valores médios do volume globular e da concentração de hemoglobina aumentaram (P < 0,05) até os 90 dias e diminuíram aos 120 dias (36,6% para 33,7% e 11,4 g dL-1 para 10,6 g dL-1 entre 90 e 120 dias, respectivamente). As médias de volume globular médio (VGM) e de concentração de hemoglobina globular média (CHGM) aumentaram (P < 0,05) entre 30 e 120 dias (27,5 µm3 para 29,7 µm3 e 26,6% para 31,4%, respectivamente). A contagem total de leucócitos aumentou (P < 0,05) e atingiu o pico aos 90 dias (9.314 células µL-1). Os picos para contagem de neutrófilos segmentados (5.141 células µL-1) e linfócitos (4.236 células µL-1) ocorreram aos 60 e 90 dias, respectivamente. As médias para a razão neutrófilo: linfócito foram semelhantes (P > 0,05) entre as idades (média de 1,8), porém superiores ao valor de referência para ovinos adultos (0,5). A média inicial do número de eosinófilos (2 células µL-1) foi menor (P < 0,05) que todas as posteriores, e o número de monócitos apresentou o nível mais baixo (P < 0,05) aos 120 dias (232 células µL-1). A média de PPT aos 60 dias (6,4 g dL-1) foi superior (P < 0,05) às demais idades. Com exceção da contagem de neutrófilos bastonetes, basófilos e da concentração de fibrinogênio, os parâmetros hematológicos e a PPT de cordeiras são influenciados pela idade até os quatro meses de vida, e diferem dos intervalos de referência estabelecidos para ovinos adultos. Portanto, a interpretação de hemogramas realizados em cordeiras deve ser feita com base em intervalos de referência específicos para essa faixa etária.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:51:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf: 289884 bytes, checksum: baf6c5d48ba207d44ed14a03da707b3b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:51:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf: 289884 bytes, checksum: baf6c5d48ba207d44ed14a03da707b3b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:17:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf: 289884 bytes, checksum: baf6c5d48ba207d44ed14a03da707b3b (MD5) S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf.txt: 20064 bytes, checksum: 51ea445a1ac4b240e6204d282a27818b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:33:36Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf: 289884 bytes, checksum: baf6c5d48ba207d44ed14a03da707b3b (MD5) S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf.txt: 20064 bytes, checksum: 51ea445a1ac4b240e6204d282a27818b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:33:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf: 289884 bytes, checksum: baf6c5d48ba207d44ed14a03da707b3b (MD5) S0100-736X2012001300008.pdf.txt: 20064 bytes, checksum: 51ea445a1ac4b240e6204d282a27818b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-01 O objetivo do presente estudo foi realizar a comparação entre dois sítios de coleta sanguínea em 24 exemplares de tigre-d'água-americano (Trachemys scripta elegans) oriundos de um criadouro comercial, localizado no município de Antonina, litoral do Paraná, Brasil. Os animais foram submetidos a contenção física e as venopunções foram realizadas no seio supraocciptal e na veia coccígea dorsal. As amostras heparinizadas foram identificadas e refrigeradas para posterior análise laboratorial. A contagem total de eritrócitos e leucócitos foi realizada pela técnica de hemocitometria. O hematócrito (Ht) e a hemoglobina (Hb) foram determinados pelo método de microhematócrito e cianometahemoglobina, respectivamente. A proteína plasmática total (PPT) foi determinada por refratometria e a contagem diferencial de leucócitos foi realizada através da técnica de Shilling. Houve diferença significativa no número de leucócitos e no valor da proteína plasmática total, e em ambos os casos os valores encontrados nas amostras provenientes da veia coccígea dorsal foram inferiores. A diferença encontrada no número de leucócitos provavelmente foi devido à contaminação por linfa, que também justifica o menor valor na concentração da proteína plasmática total. Conclui-se que é mais indicada a venopunção no seio supraocciptal quando comparado a veia coccígea dorsal. The aim of the present study was to compare two different blood collection sites of 24 red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) from a commercial breeder, situated in Antonina, Paraná, Brasil. The animals were physically restrained and paired blood samples were collected from the dorsal coccygeal vein and the occipital sinus. The samples were collected in syringes containing heparin. After collection the samples were identified and refrigerated to posterior hematological analysis. Red blood cell and white blood count were performed using a hemocytometer. The packed cell volume and hemoglobin were determined by the microhematocrit method and cyanmethemoglobin method, respectively. Total plasma protein was determined by refractometry and differential leukocyte count was performed by the Shilling technique. There was a significant difference in the total white blood cell count and on the total plasma protein value, and on both cases the results found on the samples from the dorsal coccygeal vein were lower. The difference found on the white blood cell count was probably due to the lymph contamination of the samples, which also justifies the lower values of total plasma protein. In conclusion, the occipital sinus is more recommended blood collection site than the dorsal coccygeal vein. Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (UFU) Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Depto Clínica Veterinária Centro Universitário de Maringá Hospital Veterinário Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Estadual Paulista Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia Depto Clínica Veterinária

Background The Red-Tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is an endangered species of the Psittaciformes. There is little information about hematologic and biochemical variables of this species. Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine hematologic and biochemical RIs for free-living A brasiliensis nestlings on Rasa Island, Parana, Brazil, and to compare the results between sexes. Methods Thirty-seven parrots were taken from their nests and physically restrained for clinical examination and blood collection. The sex was diagnosed by PCR using the blood samples collected. Reference intervals were determined as recommended by the ASVCP guidelines in healthy nestlings. The difference between groups was analyzed using the Mann–Whitney test or Student's t-test. Results Sexing revealed 12 females and 25 males. The RIs for the measured variables were as follows: RBC 1.1–2.6 × 106/μL, PCV 29.1–50.3%, HGB 7.2–12.9 g/dL, MCV 152–293 fL, MCHC 22.2–28.4 g/dL, WBC 4.9–28.5 × 103/μL, 1.2–16 × 103/μL, lymphocytes 2.4–18.7 × 103/μL, monocytes 0.0–1.0 × 103/μL, eosinophils 0.0–0.9 × 103/μL, 0.0–1.3 × 103/μL, heterophil:lymphocyte ratio 0.0–2.2, plasma total solids 2.1–3.7 g/dL, uric acid 0.5–2.0 mg/dL, glucose 184.9–284.3 mg/dL, AST 100.3–226.6 U/L, LDH 178.1–927.7 U/L, CK 149.8–1144.0 U/L, cholesterol 137.5–256.9 mg/dL, total protein 1.8–3.0 g/dL, calcium 7.0–8.6 mg/dL, and phosphorus 2.9–6.1 mg/dL. Increased concentrations of cholesterol (P < .05) were observed in females. Discussion This is the first study to establish hematologic and biochemical RIs for free-living A brasiliensis nestlings on Rasa Island. Hematologic and biochemical variables are important tools for evaluating the health status of free-living birds, and also support conservation planning for endangered species.

Laminitis in horses can be associated with lesions in multiple organs secondary to sepsis. Twenty-one horses suffering from gastrointestinal disorders were used in the experiment; 7 horses with experimentally induced endotoxemia and intestinal ischaemia, and 14 horses suffering from naturally occurring colic syndrome. Tissue samples of lungs, liver, heart, brain, cerebellum and hoof laminar tissue were collected for histopathological and oxidative stress evaluation using nitrotyrosine and superoxide dismutase (SOD2) immunostaining. The horses were divided into two groups: the non-oxidative lesions group (NOLG), with 7 horses showing weak immunostaining in lungs, liver and kidney, and the oxidative lesions group (OLG), with 14 horses showing immunostaining indicating systemic oxidative stress in multiple organs. The horses from OLG showed increase of laminar lesions and SOD2 immunostaining in multiple organs when compared to the horses from the NOLG. No differences were found ln regard to laminar immunostaining by nitrotyrosine and SOD2 between experimental groups. It was concluded that systemic oxidative stress can be associated with the development of laminar lesions, and that the laminar tissue does not respond to oxidative stress with increase of SOD as occurs in other organs. Resumo: A laminite em equinos pode estar associada à lesão em múltiplos órgãos secundária a sepse. Foram utilizados 21 cavalos com afecções gastrintestinais, sendo sete com endotoxemia e isquemia intestinal induzidos experimentalmente, e 14 cavalos com síndrome cólica de origem natural. Amostras teciduais de pulmão, rim, fígado, coração, cérebro e cerebelo e de tecido laminar do casco foram coletadas para avaliação de lesão histopatológica e estresse oxidativo, pela imunomarcação de nitrotirosina e superóxido dismutase (SOD2). Os animais foram divididos em dois grupos: grupo sem lesão oxidativa (NOLG), com sete cavalos com fraca imunomarcação em pulmão, fígado e rim, e grupo lesão oxidativa (OLG), contendo 14 cavalos com imunomarcação indicando estresse oxidativo em múltiplos órgãos. Os cavalos do grupo OLG apresentaram aumento de lesões laminares e imunomarcação para SOD2 em múltiplos órgãos, quando comparados ao NOLG. Não houve diferença sobre a imunomarcação laminar para nitrotirosina e SOD2 entre os grupos experimentais. Conclui-se que o estresse oxidativo sistêmico está associado ao desenvolvimento de lesões laminares, e que o tecido laminar não responde ao estresse oxidativo com aumento de SOD como ocorre nos outros órgãos.

The red-tailed Amazon parrot ( Amazona brasiliensis ) is a threatened species of psittacine bird that inhabit coastal regions of Brazil. In view of the threat of this species, the aim of this study was to perform a health evaluation in wild nestlings in Rasa Island, determining the prevalence of enterobacteria and infectious agents according to type of nest. Blood samples were collected from 64 birds and evaluated for antibodies of Chlamydia psittaci by commercial dot-blot ELISA. Cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs samples were collected from 23 birds from artificial wooden nests, 15 birds from PVC nests and 2 birds from natural nests for microbiological analysis. Swab samples were collected from 58 parrots for C. psittaci detection by PCR and from 50 nestlings for Avian Influenza, Newcastle Disease and West Nile viruses’ detection analysis by real-time RT-PCR. Ten bacterial genera and 17 species were identified, and the most prevalent were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella oxytoca . There was no influence of the type of nest in the nestlings’ microbiota. All samples tested by ELISA and PCR were negative. There is currently insufficient information available about the health of A. brasiliensis and data of this study provide a reference point for future evaluations and aid in conservation plans.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:27:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 Tissue damage caused by oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases in animals and man, and is believed to play a role in the development of laminitis in horses. The aim of this study was to investigate the oxidative stress associated with laminar lesions in horses with lethal gastrointestinal disorders. Laminar tissue samples of the hoof of 30 horses were used. Tissue samples were divided as follows: six healthy horses (control group-CG), and 24 horses that died after complications of gastrointestinal diseases (group suffering from gastrointestinal disorders-GDG). Superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and nitrotyrosine immunostaining and the severity of laminar lesions were evaluated. Presence of laminar lesions and immunostaining for nitrotyrosine and SOD2 were only evident in horses from the GDG group. Thus, oxidative stress may play a role in the pathogenesis of laminar lesions secondary to gastrointestinal disorders. Graduate School in Veterinary Sciences Federal University of Paraná (Curitiba campus), Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 Graduate School in Veterinary Surgery São Paulo State Univ. Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP (Jaboticabal campus), Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n Graduate School in Microbiology Parasitology and Patology Federal University of Paraná (Curitiba campus), Avenida Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of Paraná (Curitiba campus), Rua dos Funcionários, 1540 Graduate School in Veterinary Surgery São Paulo State Univ. Júlio de Mesquita Filho - UNESP (Jaboticabal campus), Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n

This study aimed to evaluate occurrences of antibodies against Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in dogs with neurological signs. Blood samples from 147 dogs were collected: 127 from owned dogs (attended at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (HV-UFPR) and at private veterinary clinics in the city of Curitiba), and 20 from stray dogs found in Curitiba's metropolitan region. The dogs presented one or more of the following neurological signs: seizures, paresis or paralysis, ataxia, behavioral abnormalities, sensory and somatic disorders and chorioretinitis. The samples were analyzed by means of the indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), at a cutoff dilution of 1:50. Out of the 147 samples obtained, 17 (11.56%) were seropositive for N. caninum, 31 (21.08%) for T. gondii and four (2.72%) for both protozoa. Serum titration on the positive animals showed that 54.83% (17/31) and 41.18% (7/17) had titers > 1:200 against T. gondii and N. caninum, respectively. A significant difference in seropositivity for T. gondii (P = 0.021; OR = 2.87; CI = 1.1 > 2.8 > 7.4) was observed between owned dogs (18.11%) and stray dogs (40%). Inclusion of serological tests for neosporosis and toxoplasmosis is recommended in diagnosing neurological diseases in dogs. Neste estudo objetivou-se verificar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Neospora caninum e/ou Toxoplasma gondii em cães com sinais neurológicos. Foram coletadas 147 amostras de sangue, sendo 127 de animais domiciliados (atendidos no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal do Paraná (HV-UFPR) e em clínicas veterinárias da cidade de Curitiba) e 20 de cães errantes da região metropolitana de Curitiba. Os cães apresentavam um ou mais dos seguintes sinais neurológicos: convulsão, paresia ou paralisia, ataxia, alterações de comportamento, alterações sensoriais somáticas e coriorretinite. As amostras foram analisadas pela reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), na diluição de corte 1:50. Das 147 amostras obtidas, 17 (11,56%) foram positivas para N. caninum, 31 (21,08%) foram positivas para T. gondii e quatro (2,72%) foram reagentes para ambos os protozoários. Na titulação dos animais positivos, 54,83% (17/31) e 41,18% (07/17) apresentaram títulos >1:200 contra T. gondii e N. caninum, respectivamente. Diferença significativa (P = 0,021, OR = 2,87, IC = 1,1 > 2,8 > 7,4) foi observada para soropositividade ao T. gondii entre cães domiciliados (18,11%) e errantes (40%). Sugere-se a inclusão dos exames sorológicos de neosporose e toxoplasmose no diagnóstico de doença neurológica em cães.

Na coturnicultura, os limites das variáveis climáticas, como temperatura e umidade relativa do ar, interferem no desempenho produtivo e bem estar das aves. A temperatura de conforto térmico para codornas está entre 18 e 22°C, sendo que o desconforto térmico pode causar estresse, alterando heterófilos e linfócitos circulantes e a relação heterófilo/linfócito. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer os níveis de estresse em codornas durante os ciclos de produção com diferentes temperaturas, por meio das alterações no leucograma e da relação heterófilo-linfócito. O presente estudo foi realizado durante quatro ciclos de produção de 200 codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica) com duração de 22 dias cada (denominados de C1, C2, C3 e C4). As temperaturas médias foram de: 22,4°C (C1); 25,5°C (C2); 23,3°C (C3) e 21,5°C (C4). Foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 80 codornas em cada um dos ciclos para determinação dos parâmetros hematológicos e dos valores da relação heterófilo-linfócito (H/L). As médias das relações heterófilo/linfócito foram 1,695 em C1; 2,424 em C2; 1,8 em C3 e 1,29 em C4. Comparando-se as médias das relações heterófilo/linfócito entre os quatro ciclos, tem-se que o valor de p foi inferior a 0,0001, exceto entre a primeira e a terceira coleta, cujo valor de p foi não significativo. A heterofilia e linfopenia verificadas e o aumento da relação heterófilo/linfócito nos ciclos, coincidindo com o aumento da temperatura, além do limite de conforto térmico para estas aves, principalmente em C2, é uma evidência de que esses animais foram submetidos a estresse térmico e que as codornas são aves extremamente suscetíveis a variações climáticas. In quail raising the limits of climatic variables such as temperature and relative humidity, affect the performance and welfare of these birds. The thermal comfort temperature for quails is between 18 and 22oC and the discomfort can cause stress by changing circulating heterophils and lymphocytes and heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. The objective of this study was to establish the stress levels in quails during the production cycles with different temperatures through changes in WBC and the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio. This study was conducted in four production cycles of 200 Japanese quails (Coturnix japonica), during 22 days each one (referred as C1, C2, C3 and C4). Average temperatures were: 22.4°C (C1), 25.5°C (C2), 23.3°C (C3) and 21.5°C (C4). We collected blood samples from 80 quails in each cycle for determination of haematological parameters and values of the heterophil-lymphocyte ratio (H/ L). The heterophil / lymphocyte ratio average was 1.695 for C1, 2.424 for C2, 1.8 for C3 and 1.29 for C4. Comparing this average among the four cycles is noted that the p value was less than 0.0001, except between the first and third periods, in which the p value was not significant. The heterophilia and lymphopenia verified and the increase in the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in the cycle, coinciding with rising temperatures, beyond the limit of thermal comfort for these birds mainly in C2, is evidence that these birds were in heat stress and that the quails are highly susceptible birds to climate variations.

A avaliação do metabolismo de ferro associado aos resultados hematológicos constitui uma ferramenta importante para o diagnóstico, controle e diferenciação de estados anêmicos. O presente trabalho objetivou determinar os parâmetros utilizados na avaliação do metabolismo do ferro (ferro sérico, capacidade latente de ligação do ferro, capacidade total de ligação do ferro, índice de saturação do ferro, transferrina e ferritina) em cães sadios. Foram selecionados 120 cães, divididos em quatro grupos de sexo e faixa etária distintos (30 machos jovens e 30 adultos, 30 fêmeas jovens e 30 adultas). As amostras de sangue foram coletadas das 8h às 11h, com os cães em jejum. Os valores médios para as concentrações de ferro sérico, capacidade latente de ligação do ferro, capacidade total de ligação do ferro, índice de saturação do ferro e transferrina foram 138,2µl dl-1; 371µl dl-1; 232,6µl dl-1; 37,7% e 259,6mg dl-1, respectivamente. Esses índices foram avaliados quanto às variações entre sexo e idade. Os valores médios foram submetidos ao teste de Tukey e não apresentaram variação significativa (P

INTRODUCTION:Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii belong to the Sarcocystidae family, and both have one definitive and various intermediary hosts. Owing to their weak immune systems, immunocompromised persons might be prone to opportunistic infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of anti- N. caninum and anti- T. gondii antibodies in immunocompromised individuals.METHODS:This cross-sectional study investigated the rates of N. caninum and T. gondii , as assessed using immunofluorescent antibody reaction (IFAT) with 1:50 and 1:16 dilution, respectively, in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).RESULTS:The seropositivity for N. caninum was 26.1% (81/310) in Mato Grosso do Sul and 31.2% (10/32) in Paraná and for T. gondii was 76.8% (238/310) in Mato Grosso do Sul and 68.7% (22/32) in Paraná.CONCLUSIONS:There is evidence of anti- N caninum and anti- T. gondii antibodies in patients with HIV. Other aspects of T. gondii , which is a zoonosis, and N. caninum , which might affect immunodeficient individuals, need to be evaluated and reported.

The red-tailed Amazon parrot (Amazona brasiliensis) is an endangered psittacid species that is endemic in the south and southeast Brazilian Atlantic coastal region. Hematologic evaluation is important to monitor the health of these birds, and information about laboratory values for this species is scarce. Hematologic and total plasma protein profiles were determined for 33 free-living nestling parrots in Paraná state, Brazil. Parrots were temporarily removed from the nest and manually restrained to record body weight and collect blood samples. Mean body weight was400 g in 13 birds (group 1) and400 g in 20 birds (group 2). Significantly higher levels of mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentrations, white blood cell counts, monocytes, and basophils were observed in younger birds (group 1). A stress leukogram (high white blood cell and heterophil count) was found in all nestlings, suggesting stress induced by capture and restraint. Parameters obtained in this study will be essential to assess the physiologic and pathologic condition of wild parrots, to evaluate the effects of environmental changes on their health, and to contribute to conservation efforts of this endangered species.

Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum are protozoans that can cause reproductive problems in sheep. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of anti–N. caninum and anti-T. gondii antibodies among sheep herds in some counties in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul. Four hundred sixteen serum samples were collected from ewes in eight counties. The sera samples were evaluated by using an indirect fluorescent antibody test with a 1:50 dilution. The seroprevalences found for T. gondi and N. caninum were 33.7% and 52.2%, respectively. The rate of animals testing positive simultaneously for Neospora and Toxoplasma was of 17.5%. The results of the present study demonstrate that sheep raised in these counties are exposed to T. gondii and N. caninum and that sheep can be co-infected with both parasites.

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are increasingly being proposed as a therapeutic option for treatment of a variety of different diseases in human and veterinary medicine. Stem cells have been isolated from feline bone marrow, however, very few data exist about the morphology of these cells and no data were found about the morphometry of feline bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). The objectives of this study were the isolation, growth evaluation, differentiation potential and characterization of feline BM-MSCs by their morphological and morphometric characteristics. in vitro differentiation assays were conducted to confirm the multipotency of feline MSC, as assessed by their ability to differentiate into three cell lineages (osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and adipocytes). To evaluate morphological and morphometric characteristics the cells are maintained in culture. Cells were observed with light microscope, with association of dyes, and they were measured at 24, 48, 72 and 120h of culture (P1 and P3). The non-parametric ANOVA test for independent samples was performed and the means were compared by Tukey's test. On average, the number of mononuclear cells obtained was 12.29 (±6.05x10(6)) cells/mL of bone marrow. Morphologically, BM-MSCs were long and fusiforms, and squamous with abundant cytoplasm. In the morphometric study of the cells, it was observed a significant increase in average length of cells during the first passage. The cell lengths were 106.97±38.16µm and 177.91±71.61µm, respectively, at first and third passages (24 h). The cell widths were 30.79±16.75 µm and 40.18±20.46µm, respectively, at first and third passages (24 h).The nucleus length of the feline BM-MSCs at P1 increased from 16.28µm (24h) to 21.29µm (120h). However, at P3, the nucleus length was 26.35µm (24h) and 25.22µm (120h). This information could be important for future application and use of feline BM-MSCs. As células tronco mesenquimais são utilizadas na terapia de várias doenças na medicina humana e veterinária. As células tronco foram isoladas da medula óssea de gato, entretanto, existem poucos dados referentes a morfologia e não existem informações sobre a morfometria das células tronco isoladas da medula óssea. Os objetivos do presente estudo foram o isolamento, avaliação do crescimento, potencial de diferenciação e caracterização morfológica e morfométrica das células mesenquimais de gato isoladas de medula óssea. A diferenciação in vitro foi realizada para confirmar a multipotencialidade das células mesenquimais de gato (diferenciação em osteoblastos, condrócitos, adipócitos). As células mesenquimais foram mantidas em cultivo para avaliações morfológica e morfométrica. As células foram coradas e observadas em microscopia ótica. As mensurações foram realizadas com 24, 48, 72 e 120h de cultura (primeira e terceira passagens). O teste não paramétrico ANOVA foi utilizado e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey. O número médio de células mononucleares obtido foi de 12,29 (±6,05x10(6)) células/mL de medula óssea. As células mesenquimais são longas e fusiformes, e escamosas com citoplasma abundante. No estudo morfométrico, observou-se aumento no comprimento médio das células durante a primeira passagem. As medidas de comprimento das células foram: 106,97±38,16µm e 177,91±71,61µm, respectivamente, na primeira e terceira passagens (24 horas). As medidas de largura das células foram: 30,79±16,75 µm e 40,18±20,46 µm, respectivamente, na primeira e terceira passagens (24 horas). O comprimento do núcleo na primeira passagem aumentou de 16,28µm (24h) para 21,29µm (120h) e na terceira passagem foi de 26,35µm (24h) para 25,22µm (120h). As informações são importantes para futuras aplicações e uso da célula mesenquimal de gato.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-02-02T12:39:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-09-01Bitstream added on 2015-02-02T13:08:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1809-68912014000300010.pdf: 203539 bytes, checksum: cb1fbdc6ea79f75e56ad8d858ceeea22 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a influência do colostro nos parâmetros bioquímicos séricos em cordeiros recém-nascidos. Foram colhidas amostras sanguíneas de 28 cordeiros, determinando-se os indicadores proteicos, energéticos, de função renal, bilirrubinas e as enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST), gama-glutamiltransferase (GGT) e creatina quinase (CK), nos momentos pré e pós-colostro. Os dados foram analisados comparando-se a variabilidade dos parâmetros entre os dois momentos. Houve elevação (P

Sera from 112 mares from 5 horse-breeding farms was examined for the presence of antibodies to Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), as well as from dogs and cattle present on these properties for the presence of antibodies to N. caninum. Among the 112 mares, 35 had a history of reproductive problems in the last breeding season and 77 had no reproductive problems. The rates of seroprevalence of N. caninum in mares with and without a history of reproductive problems were 25.71% and 6.49% and from T. gondii 2.85% and 1.29%, respectively. In dogs and cattle, the rates of seroprevalence of N. caninum were 10.52% and 15.55%, respectively. A positive correlation was found between the presence of antibodies against N. caninum (p=0.010) in mares and the occurrence of reproductive problems using the Fisher's exact test. Significantly higher seroprevalence for N. caninum in mares was observed on the farm that had seropositive dogs (p=0.018). Cattle on this farm were also seropositive. No significant differences in seropositivity were found on farms where dogs were seronegative, or absent. This result suggests, for the first time, the presence of seropositive dogs as a risk factor for N. caninum in mares and the necessity for further investigation of the epidemiology of this parasite in horse-breeding farms with reproductive problems and the presence of cattle and dogs. This is the first report on the occurrence of antibodies against N. caninum in horses from the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:27Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-30 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The influences of sex and age on hematological parameters were investigated in the ring-necked pheasant. Statistical comparisons were made for differences in values between male and female, 30 adults (52 week old) and 20 juvenile birds (5 week old). A variety of blood parameters showed statistically significant age and sex related differences. Adult males had higher values for Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and juveniles lower values for PCV. Adult females had higher values for basophils, the heterophil/lymphocyte ratio and total plasma protein. Juvenile females had higher values for hemoglobin. Adults had greater White Blood Cells (WBC), heterophils, eosinophils and monocytes. Serum biochemical values (uric acid, gamma glutamyl transferase, protein, albumin and globulins) were determined in young (5 week old) ring necked pheasants. There were no differences in any of these serum parameters among juvenile males and females. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007. Aluna Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal CNPq Departamento de Patologia Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária UFPR, Curitiba Departamento de Zootecnia UFPR, Curitiba Aluna Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal Departamento de Patologia Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal

This study was designed to investigate the effect of early weaning and concentrate supplementation on performance and metabolic profile of lambs in four production systems on pasture: suckling lambs not supplemented until slaughter; suckling lambs supplemented with concentrate in creep feeding until slaughter; early weaned lambs not supplemented until slaughter; early weaned lambs supplemented with concentrate until slaughter. Performance was assessed by average daily gain (ADG) and body condition score (BCS) measurements. Metabolic profile was delineated by measuring serum albumin, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, glucose and aspartate aminotransferase. Weaning reduced ADG by 92 g/d and the ADG for weaned and suckling lambs were 113 g/d and 205 g/d, respectively. Supplementation increased ADG by 117 g/d and the ADG was 99 g/d for non-supplemented and 216 g/d for supplemented lambs. Body weight and BCS at the end of trial were lower in weaned and non-supplemented animals (20.7 kg and 1.5 points), and higher in those on creep feeding (35.3 kg and 3.3 points). Weaning decreased serum levels of albumin, cholesterol and aspartate aminotransferase. Supplementation increased serum albumin and decreased serum aspartate aminotransferase. Serum urea was not affected by weaning or supplementation and remained high during the trial. Serum creatinine and glucose were lower in weaned and non-supplemented lambs. Early weaning generates unsuitable metabolic profile and low performance and may not be recommended as single strategy to produce lambs on pasture. Concentrate supplementation has similar response to suckling on the performance and metabolic profile of animals, and may be considered an efficient strategy to improve the nutritional status of early weaned lambs.

A sociedade está em novo direcionamento no qual se busca maior respeito nas relações com os animais, tanto na criação e utilização como alimento quanto para outras finalidades, como companhia, esportes, trabalho, entre outros. A domesticação e utilização dos equinos pelo homem proporcionaram a esta espécie inadequado manejo alimentar, principalmente pelo restrito conhecimento do comportamento ingestivo. As pastagens são, reconhecidamente, o ambiente adequado para a alimentação dos cavalos, mas é um sistema complexo que influencia as decisões dos animais em pastejo. O entendimento dos padrões comportamentais dos eqüinos é uma importante ferramenta para o manejo alimentar adequado. O dossel forrageiro é heterogêneo e a estrutura das plantas, como altura, densidade e componentes como folha, colmo e inflorescência, é explorada pelos cavalos por meio da seletividade, a qual permite ao cavalo a ingestão de nutrientes necessários à manutenção e desenvolvimento. Os dois principais fatores limitantes à seletividade são, na maioria das vezes, a oferta de forragem e o tempo de pastejo, resultantes do modelo utilizado na criação e manutenção dos equinos para diversas finalidades. As forragens, além de fontes de nutrientes, são importantes também na prevenção dos problemas clínicos e de desvios comportamentais. O incremento das pesquisas na utilização das pastagens, certamente, mostrará a importante relação entre os cavalos e o meio ambiente e direcionará para práticas de manejo mais adequadas à utilização e melhor qualidade de vida dos cavalos. The society has taken a new direction towards a respectable relationship with the animals and a more conscious breeding, use for food, sports and company. The domestication and the use of horses by people have caused wrong feeding management, which is mainly due to reduced knowledge on feeding behavior. The pastures are the appropriate environment to horses feeding, but it is a complex system which interferes on the horse's decision while it is grazing. The appropriate horse's feeding management depends on the comprehension of their behavior patterns. As the sward is heterogeneous and the plants' structure vary in height, density, types of leaves, stems and reproductive parts, the horses select the sward. This selection allows them to ingest some important nutrients, vital for their maintenance and development. Stocking rate and grazing time, both results of horse management in stables, limit their selectivity. The forages supply nutrients and prevent clinical disorders and behavior stereotypic. Inputs of researches about pasture use are able to show the importance of horses' relationship with environment and the need of appropriate management can provide a better life quality for horses.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a ocorrência da infecção por Toxoplasma gondii, em ovinos das regiões periurbana e urbana do município de Curitiba, Paraná, Região Sul do Brasil, foram coletadas amostras de sangue de 167 ovinos, de três rebanhos. O teste de ELISA foi utilizado para detectar anticorpos anti-Toxoplasma gondii. Dos 167 soros ovinos, 43 (25,75%) apresentaram anticorpos anti-T. gondii. O parasito está difundido entre os ovinos das duas regiões estudadas. This study evaluated occurrence of the Toxoplasma gondii infection in ovine from urban and periurban areas of Curitiba, State of Paraná, Southern of Brazil. Blood samples from 167 sheep from three farms were collected. ELISA assay was used to detect IgG anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. Of 167 ovine samples, 43 (25.75%) were positive. The parasite is widespread among sheep from urban and periurban areas of Curitiba.

Antibodies to Neospora caninum were analyzed by an indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT), in stray and domiciled dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas from Curitiba, Paraná State, Brazil. Of the total of 556 dogs, 18.17% (101) were positive for N. caninum (titer 50). Frequency of antibody was 12.71 in urban, 15.73 in periurban, and 25.38% in rural dogs. Rural dogs had a significantly higher frequency of antibodies than urban dogs (P< 0.05). There were no significant differences between the frequencies of antibodies in urban and periurban dogs (P>0.05), and between dogs from periurban and rural areas (P>0.05). Antibodies to N. caninum were detected in 34 of 233 domiciled dogs (14.59%) and in 17 of 126 stray dogs (13.49%). No statistical differences were observed considering life-style and geographic location of origin (P>0.05). Neospora caninum is widespread among dogs from urban, periurban and rural areas of the municipal district of Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:23:38Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:23:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-08-04 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) This study aimed to evaluate humoral immune responses and the blood proteinogram of ring-necked pheasants (Phasianus colchicus), vaccinated against Newcastle disease, during breeding season. Eighty adult birds (52 to 60 week-old) were distributed into four different groups: G1- vaccinated with NDV Ulster 2C strain, G2- vaccinated with NDV B1 strain, G3- vaccinated with NDV LaSota strain and G4-not vaccinated (control). The immune response was evaluated by the HI test. The blood proteingram of these birds also determined. The vaccination programs with Ulster 2C, B1 and LaSota strains were equally efficient to stimulate humoral immune responses. Vaccinated ring-necked females with LaSota strain showed significantly (p

O sistema produtivo de eqüinos empastagens é extremamente complexo e envolve osolo, as plantas, os animais, o clima e muitos outrosfatores, onde o comportamento ingestivo de eqüinosem pastagens é uma peça importante destecomplexo quebra-cabeça, pois se relaciona com todasas partes deste sistema. O conhecimento destarelação é um desafio enorme, mas necessário paranortear o manejo a utilização das pastagens destinadasà alimentação dos eqüinos. O processo depastejo dos eqüinos pode ser organizado de formahierárquica em diferentes níveis que vão desde oambiente amplo denominado paisagem, passandopela comunidade, sítio alimentar e estação alimentar,até chegar à planta. A utilização das pastagens,como alimento e fonte de nutrientes para os eqüinos,traz benefícios para os animais, em razão dascaracterísticas anatômicas, fisiológicas e comportamentaisdesta espécie. O amplo entendimentodeste complexo sistema de produção (pastagem– ambiente – eqüinos) incrementará a eficiência dautilização das pastagens como alimento principalna criação de cavalos. Esta revisão aborda as informaçõesa respeito do comportamento ingestivodos eqüinos nas diferentes escalas de decisão dopastejo.

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:38Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-11-19 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The influence of sex on serum biochemical parameters was investigated in adult (52 week-old) ring-necked pheasants on reproductive activity. Statistical comparisons were made for differences in values between male and female birds. Adult females had higher values for serum total protein and albumin. Significant variations were not observed in the analyses in relation to the sex of the birds for urea, uric acid, ratio urea/uric acid and globulins. This study also aimed to determine serum biochemical values for adult ring-necked pheasants. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007. Aluna Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária FCAV Unesp, Jaboticabal CNPq Departamento de Patologia Veterinária FCAV Unesp, Jaboticabal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária UFPR, Curitiba Departamento de Zootecnia UFPR, Curitiba Aluna Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária FCAV Unesp, Jaboticabal Departamento de Patologia Veterinária FCAV Unesp, Jaboticabal

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-27T11:22:35Z No. of bitstreams: 0 Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:22:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-09-13 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The influences of age on hematological and serum biochemical parameters were investigated in juvenile ring-necked pheasant. Statistical comparisons were made for differences in values among different ages. A variety of blood parameters showed significantly age related differences. Juvenile ring-necked pheasants of all ages had lymphocytes as the major circulating leukocyte. RBC values for 60 day-old pheasants were lower than the values for 74, 88 and 102 day-old pheasants. The hemoglobin value was higher for 88 day-old pheasants. The WBC, the heterophil and the lymphocyte values were significantly higher for 60 day-old pheasants. Total serum protein, albumin and globulin values for 25 and 60 day-old pheasants were significantly lower than the values for 42, 88 and 102 day-old pheasants. © Asian Network for Scientific Information, 2007. Aluna Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal CNPq Departamento de Patologia Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária UFPR, Curitiba Departamento de Zootecnia UFPR, Curitiba Aluna Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal Departamento de Patologia Veterinária FCAV-Unesp, Jaboticabal

A produção industrial de frangos de corte desafia de maneira importante o bem-estar das aves. O objetivo deste foi melhorar o grau de bem-estar de frangos de corte, através do fornecimento de poleiros e da avaliação de seu impacto no bem-estar dos animais. Foram utilizados 360 frangos de corte, machos, criadosde 1 a 42 dias de idade, em dois tratamentos com seis repetições de 30 aves cada, sendo T1 sem poleiros e T2 com três poleiros por box. Foram realizadas observações das atividades comportamentais por registro instantâneo do tipo varredura. Exames físicos para condição das penas do peito e distúrbios naspernas foram realizados aos 40 dias de idade. Foram avaliados: consumo de ração, ganho de peso, peso ao abate e conversão alimentar. Foi observada freqüência de empoleiramento crescente com a idade das aves, de 0,3%, 2,6% e 5,1% na quarta, quinta e sexta semanas de idade, respectivamente. Durante as duas últimas semanas de vida, as ocorrências de ciscar foram mais freqüentes e os eventos de comportamento agonista foram menos freqüentes no tratamento com poleiros (P0,05). Conclui-se que, nas condições deste experimento, a oferta de poleiros resulta em melhoria da Liberdade Comportamental no terço final de vida das aves. O efeito dos poleiros sobre a Liberdade Sanitária deve serestudado mais detalhadamente. Os resultados sugeremmelhoria do grau de bem-estar de frangos de corte devido à oferta de poleiros.