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202 results on '"Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie"'

1. Genotyping Approach for Potential Common Source of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Hematology Unit

Author: Adrien Lemaignen, Céline Nourrisson, Virginie Bonnin, Virginie Morange, Florent Morio, Marie-Alix De Kyvon, Maxime Moniot, Philippe Poirier, Guillaume Desoubeaux, E. Bailly, Marjan Ertault De La Bretonniére, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Clermont-Ferrand), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte - Clermont Auvergne (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), Hôpital Bretonneau, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne), and Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Genotype, Enterocytozoon bieneusi, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Biology, Microsporidiosis, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Hospitals, University, Feces, 03 medical and health sciences, satellites, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, Internal transcribed spacer, cluster, Genotyping, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cross Infection, outbreak, lcsh:R, Hematology, ITS rDNA, Enterocytozoon, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Genotyping Approach for Potential Common Source of Enterocytozoon bieneusi Infection in Hematology Unit, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Minisatellite, microsporidiosis, genotyping, Genetic marker, Hematologic Neoplasms, Microsporidia, Synopsis, microsporidia, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France, fungi
Abstract: International audience; Microsporidiosis is a fungal infection that generally causes digestive disorders, especially in immunocompromised hosts. Over a 4-day period in January 2018, 3 patients with hematologic malignancies who were admitted to the hematology unit of a hospital in France received diagnoses of Enterocytozoon bieneusi microsporidiosis. This unusually high incidence was investigated by sequence analysis at the internal transcribed spacer rDNA locus and then by 3 microsatellites and 1 minisatellite for multilocus genotyping. The 3 isolates had many sequence similarities and belonged to a new genotype closely related to genotype C. In addition, multilocus genotyping showed high genetic distances with all the other strains collected from epidemiologically unrelated persons; none of these strains belonged to the new genotype. These data confirm the epidemiologic link among the 3 patients and support a common source of infection.
Published: 2019
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2. Using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry to identify mushroom species -Proof of concept analysis of Amanita genus specimens

Author: Raphaël Pierre Piarroux, Patrick Collombon, Frédéric Grenouillet, Frédéric Gabriel, Anne-Cécile Normand, Martine Piarroux, Philippe Louasse, LDBIO Diagnostics, CHU de Bordeaux Pellegrin [Bordeaux], Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Timone, Marseille], Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille (AP-HM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Société de Mycologie de France (SMF), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie [Hôpital de la Timone - APHM], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Amanita, 030106 microbiology, Mushroom Poisoning, Mass spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Agaricales, Amanita phalloides, Mushroom poisoning, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Mushroom, Food poisoning, Chromatography, biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, food poisoning, France, Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
Abstract: Food poisoning caused by toxic mushrooms, such as species in the Amanita genus, occurs frequently around the world. To properly treat these patients, it is important to rapidly and accurately identify the causal species. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry is a rapid technique that has been used in medical laboratories for the past three decades to identify bacteria, yeasts, and filamentous fungi.Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-Tof MS) is a rapid method used for the past three decades to identify microorganisms. In this study, we created and internally validated a MALDI-Tof MS reference database comprising 15 Amanita species frequently encountered in France, and we challenged this database with 38 Amanita specimens from four French locations, using a free online application for MALDI-ToF spectra identifications.Assessment of the database showed that mass spectra can be obtained by analyzing any portion of a carpophore and that all portions enabled identification of the carpophore at the species level. Most carpophores were correctly identified using our database, with the exception of specimens from the Vaginatae section. Decay tests also demonstrated that decayed portions (like those found in the kitchen garbage can) of Amanita phalloides mushrooms could be properly identified using MALDI-ToF MS.Our findings provide important insight for toxicology laboratories that often rely on DNA sequencing to identify meal leftovers implicated in food poisoning. In future developments, this technique could also be used to detect counterfeit mushrooms by including other genera in the reference database.Lay SummaryMALDI-ToF MS is a powerful identification tool for microorganisms. We demonstrate that the technique can be applied to Amanita specimens. This will prevent food intoxications as a rapid and definite identification can be obtained, and it can also be used for food remnants.
Published: 2021
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3. Interlaboratory evaluation of Mucorales PCR assays for testing serum specimens: a study by the fungal PCR Initiative and the Modimucor study group

Author: Rosemary Ann Barnes, J.P. Donnelly, Valérie Letscher-Bru, S Fuchs, Emeline Scherer, Maud Gits-Muselli, Birgit Willinger, Boualem Sendid, Massimo Cogliati, Ferry Hagen, R Hare, Stéphane Bretagne, Carlo Mengoli, Steffi Rocchi, Martina Lengerová, Michaela Lackner, Julie Denis, J. Loeffler, Alexandre Alanio, Wilfried Posch, P. L. White, Jan Springer, Laurence Millon, Françoise Botterel, Frédéric Dalle, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Xavier Iriart, C Klaassen, Céline Nourrisson, Céline Damiani, Florent Morio, Marjorie Cornu, Catriona Halliday, Mario Cruciani, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle (UGSF), Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Vin Aliment Microbiologie et Stress (VAlMiS), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de parasitologie et de mycologie médicales [CHU Amiens], CHU Amiens-Picardie, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Laboratoire de Parasitologie et de Mycologie Médicale [Strasbourg], Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Medical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases, University of Padova Medical School, Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé (CNRS-UMR2000), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Henri Mondor, Unité de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Service de Microbiologie [Hôpital Necker-Enfants-Malades, Paris], Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, and Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute - Medical Mycology
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Mucorales, Veterinary medicine, Lichtheimia corymbifera, 030106 microbiology, Pcr assay, Mucorales PCR, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, Rhizomucor pusillus, Hospitals, University, 03 medical and health sciences, interlaboratory assay, 0302 clinical medicine, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, law, Humans, Mucormycosis, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, Polymerase chain reaction, Observer Variation, standardization, biology, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, circulating DNA, biology.organism_classification, University hospital, Diagnostic strategy, DNA extraction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, France, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Interlaboratory evaluations of Mucorales qPCR assays were developed to assess the reproducibility and performance of methods currently used. The participants comprised 12 laboratories from French university hospitals (nine of them participating in the Modimucor study) and 11 laboratories participating in the Fungal PCR Initiative. For panel 1, three sera were each spiked with DNA from three different species (Rhizomucor pusillus, Lichtheimia corymbifera, Rhizopus oryzae). For panel 2, six sera with three concentrations of R. pusillus and L. corymbifera (1, 10, and 100 genomes/ml) were prepared. Each panel included a blind negative-control serum. A form was distributed with each panel to collect results and required technical information, including DNA extraction method, sample volume used, DNA elution volume, qPCR method, qPCR template input volume, qPCR total reaction volume, qPCR platform, and qPCR reagents used. For panel 1, assessing 18 different protocols, qualitative results (positive or negative) were correct in 97% of cases (70/72). A very low interlaboratory variability in Cq values (SD = 1.89 cycles) were observed. For panel 2 assessing 26 different protocols, the detection rates were high (77–100%) for 5/6 of spiked serum. There was a significant association between the qPCR platform and performance. However, certain technical steps and optimal combinations of factors may also impact performance. The good reproducibility and performance demonstrated in this study support the use of Mucorales qPCR as part of the diagnostic strategy for mucormycosis.
Published: 2021
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4. Assessment of the first commercial multiplex PCR kit (ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro Real-Time PCR) for the detection of Cryptosporidium spp., Enterocytozoon bieneusi, and Encephalitozoon intestinalis from fecal samples

Author: M. Leterrier, Yohann Le Govic, Adrien Laude, Philippe Poirier, Marie Machouart, Patrice Le Pape, Nicolas Argy, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Frédéric Dalle, Jessica Beser, Nathalie Bourgeois, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Florent Morio, Estelle Cateau, Céline Nourrisson, Françoise Botterel, Stéphane Valot, Christelle Pomares, Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie (CBAE), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etude des Interactions Hôte-Parasite (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Mère et enfant face aux infections tropicales (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement - Clermont Auvergne (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Public Health Agency of Sweden, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Mère et enfant en milieu tropical : pathogènes, système de santé et transition épidémiologique (MERIT - UMR_D 216), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Clermont-Ferrand), CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service de parasitologie, mycologie, médecine tropicale CHRU Bretonneau, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie (AP-HP, Hôpital Bichat), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Vin Aliment Microbiologie et Stress (VAlMiS), Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques (PAM), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques [Dijon] (PAM), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (AP-HP Hôpital Henri Mondor), Hôpital Henri Mondor, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de Microbiologie (CHD de la Roche-Sur-Yon), CHD Vendee (La Roche Sur Yon), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Enterocytozoon bieneusi, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Cryptosporidium, Microsporidiosis, Cryptosporidium spp, Sensitivity and Specificity, Microbiology, law.invention, Encephalitozoon intestinalis, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, law, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, parasitic diseases, medicine, CE-IVD, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, DNA, Fungal, Polymerase chain reaction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Bacteriological Techniques, biology, Encephalitozoon, General Medicine, Multiplex PCR, DNA, Protozoan, Enterocytozoon, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Stool, [SDV.IB]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidium spp. Enterocytozoon bieneusi and Encephalitozoon intestinalis are opportunistic pathogens responsible for gastrointestinal diseases. We evaluated the ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro Real-Time PCR kit (Ademtech, France), the first CE-IVD compliant PCR assay available for these pathogens. This study was conducted blindly against a reference panel of 115 stool specimens including positive samples for Cryptosporidium spp. (n = 48) and E. bieneusi (n = 38) as well as negative or positive samples for other parasites to test for cross-reactivity. An additional set of samples corresponding to 8 rare Cryptosporidium species was also included. Discrepancies were evaluated with external in-house PCR tests. The ParaGENIE Crypto-Micro PCR assay displayed a sensitivity/specificity of 91.7%/100% and 97.3%/98.7% for Cryptosporidium spp. and E. bieneusi, respectively, and was able to detect all 12 Cryptosporidium species of the reference panel, including rare species. This new CE-IVD assay will facilitate the diagnosis of intestinal cryptosporidiosis and microsporidiosis, a major concern in immunocompromised patients and travelers.
Published: 2019
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5. Evaluation of a new multiplex PCR assay (ParaGENIE G-Amoeba Real-Time PCR kit) targeting Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Entamoeba dispar/Entamoeba moshkovskii from stool specimens: evidence for the limited performances of microscopy-based approach for amoeba species identification

Author: Estelle Cateau, Nathalie Bourgeois, Marie Machouart, Florent Morio, Fakhri Jeddi, M. Gaboyard, Françoise Botterel, Stéphane Valot, Céline Nourrisson, Frédéric Dalle, Christelle Pomares, P. Le Pape, Adrien Laude, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Y. Le Govic, M. Leterrier, Nicolas Argy, Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans [2008-2011] (LEO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours (UT), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Service de pharmacologie clinique et vigilances, Centre régional, de pharmacovigilance et de renseignement sur les médicaments, Hopital de la Milétrie, Poitiers, Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), IICiMed - EA 1155, Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR Sciences et Techniques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans (LEO), Université de Tours, L’UNAM Université, Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA 3142, CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Statistique, Analyse et Modélisation Multidisciplinaire (SAmos-Marin Mersenne) (SAMM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université Montesquieu - Bordeaux 4-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie et de Physique de Bordeaux (ENSCPB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Dijon, Biologie–Pharmacie, Pharmacie Centrale [CHU Nantes] (Pôle hospitalo-universitaire PHU7 - BPPC), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon, CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Ademtech S.A., and Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)
Subjects: Giardiasis, 0301 basic medicine, diagnosis, Entamoeba, Feces, Entamoeba dispar/Entamoeba moshkovskii, Giardia intestinalis, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, Entamoeba moshkovskii, samples, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Amoeba species, Microscopy, parasitic infections, Entamoebiasis, biology, Entamoeba histolytica, General Medicine, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, Stool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, antigen-detection, Microbiology (medical), food.ingredient, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Microbiology, Amoeba (genus), 03 medical and health sciences, food, Species Specificity, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, parasitic diseases, Humans, spp, dispar, Multiplex PCR, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bacterial adhesin, amebiasis, Giardia lamblia, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: Objectives Besides the potential to identify a wide variety of gastrointestinal parasites, microscopy remains the reference standard in clinical microbiology for amoeba species identification and, especially when coupled with adhesin detection, to discriminate the pathogenic Entamoeba histolytica from its sister but non-pathogenic species Entamoeba dispar / Entamoeba moshkovskii . However, this approach is time-consuming, requires a high-level of expertise that can be jeopardized considering the low prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in non-endemic countries. Here, we evaluated the CE-IVD-marked multiplex PCR (ParaGENIE G-Amoeba, Ademtech) targeting E. histolytica and E. dispar / E. moshkovskii and Giardia intestinalis . Methods This evaluation was performed blindly on a reference panel of 172 clinical stool samples collected prospectively from 12 laboratories and analysed using a standardized protocol relying on microscopy (and adhesin detection by ELISA for the detection of E. histolytica ) including G. intestinalis ( n = 37), various amoeba species ( n = 55) including E. dispar ( n = 15), E. histolytica ( n = 5), as well as 17 other gastrointestinal parasites ( n = 80), and negative samples ( n = 37). Results This new multiplex PCR assay offers fast and reliable results with appropriate sensitivity and specificity for the detection of G. intestinalis and E. dispar / E. moshkovskii from stools (89.7%/96.9% and 95%/100%, respectively). Detection rate and specificity were greatly improved by the PCR assay, highlighting several samples misidentified by microscopy, including false-negative and false-positive results for both E. dispar/E. moshkovskii and E. histolytica . Conclusion Given the clinical relevance of amoeba species identification, microbiologists should be aware of the limitations of using an algorithm relying on microscopy coupled with adhesin detection by ELISA.
Published: 2018
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6. Human cryptosporidiosis in immunodeficient patients in France (2015–2017)

Author: Damien Costa, Romy Razakandrainibe, Marc Sautour, Stéphane Valot, Louise Basmaciyan, Gilles Gargala, Denis Lemeteil, Loïc Favennec, Frédéric Dalle, Anne Debourgogne, Adela Angoulvant, Patrice Agnamey, Julie bonhomme, Brigitte Degeilh, Cathy Chemla, Cécile Garnaud, Coralie Lollivier, Cécile angebault, Pascal Delaunay, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Emilie Fréalle, Frédéric Grenouillet, Florent Morio, Françoise Botterel, Ghania Belkadi, Hélène Yera, Gilles Nevez, Xavier Iriart, Isabelle Accoceberry, Julie Brunet, Marc Thellier, Meja Rabodonirina, Milene Sasso, Charline Miossec, Murielle Nicolas, Nicole Desbois, Philippe Poirier, Christelle Pomares, Sandrine Houze, Yohann Le govic, Anne Pauline Bellanger, Franck Labbe, Marie Laure Darde, Olivier Duquesnoy, Pierre Flori, Patrick Bastien, Thomas Gueudet, Isabelle Villena, Dominique Aubert, Estelle Cateau, Marie-Elisabeth Bougnoux, Nathalie Kapel, Eric Dannaoui, Alexis Valentin, Anne Totet, Jean Menotti, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Emmanuel Dutoit, Renaud Piarroux, Emilie Sitterle, Denis Magne, Samsa Hamane, Antoine Berry, Cecile Ramade, CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Epidémiosurveillance de protozooses à transmission alimentaire et vectorielle (ESCAPE), Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA), Appareil Digestif Environnement Nutrition (ADEN ), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Agents infectieux, résistance et chimiothérapie - UR UPJV 4294 (AGIR ), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-CHU Amiens-Picardie, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), CHU Bordeaux [Bordeaux], Microbiologie cellulaire et moléculaire et pathogénicité (MCMP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Immunité et Infection, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-IFR113-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie, Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie-Sérologies Bactériennes et Parasitaires [CHU de la Martinique], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de la Martinique - CHU Martinique, Parasitologie-Mycologie Fort de France, CHU Fort de France, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, Service de parasitologie et mycologie [CHRU de Besançon], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Groupe Immunité des Muqueuses et Agents Pathogènes (GIMAP), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre de formation et de recherche sur l'environnement marin (CEFREM), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Departments of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, Service de réanimation médicale, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Laboratoire Hospitalo-Universitaire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Université des Antilles (UA)-Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Région Haute Normandie, Projet COS Sesa, 2015-2018, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU TOURS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Coordination Régionale de la lutte contre le Virus de L'Immunodéficience Humaine (COREVIH)-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Université des Antilles (UA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Université de Rennes (UR), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité (MFP), Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Pediatrics, Epidemiology, Cryptosporidiosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Child, Immunodeficiency, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Mortality rate, Cryptosporidium, General Medicine, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Diarrhea, Infectious Diseases, Cryptosporidium parvum, Child, Preschool, Protozoan, Cyclosporine, Female, Immunotherapy, France, medicine.symptom, Cryptosporidium hominis, Immunosuppressive Agents, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Context (language use), Tacrolimus, 03 medical and health sciences, Immunocompromised Host, Young Adult, medicine, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Immunocompromised, Aged, Immunosuppression Therapy, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Mycophenolic Acid, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Parasitology
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidiosis is a common disease in children and immunodeficient individuals. In 2006, a national network was set up on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis in France. Since January 2015, the 41 tertiary care hospitals and the 3 private laboratories of the French National Network on the surveillance of human cryptosporidiosis have been able to declare confirmed cases of cryptosporidiosis online. Between 2015 and 2017, 210 cases of cryptosporidiosis were declared in immunodeficient patients in France; Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis represented 66% and 22% of cases, respectively. A peak was observed in autumn. Cryptosporidiosis occurred mainly in a context of solid organ transplantation (SOT) (49%) and of HIV infection (30%). In SOT recipients, cryptosporidiosis appeared more frequently in the first 6 months post transplantation. Regarding cases declared in SOT recipients, mycophenolate mofetil was used in 68%. A mortality rate of 6% was observed. Present results underline the importance of screening for cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients suffering from diarrhea, especially in the course of major cell mediated immunodeficiency or even systematic screening before SOT. Exclusive Cryptosporidium free water feeding could be suggested during major cell mediated immunodeficiency.
Published: 2018
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7. Amino acid substitutions in the Candida albicans sterol 5,6-desaturase (Erg3p) confer azole resistance: characterization of two novel mutants with impaired virulence

Author: Claire Lacroix, Fabrice Pagniez, Patrice Le Pape, Michel Miegeville, Florent Morio, Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (Institut de biologie, CHU de Nantes), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)
Subjects: Hyphal growth, Antifungal Agents, Drug resistance, Mice, chemistry.chemical_compound, C. albicans, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Amphotericin B, Candida albicans, Pharmacology (medical), azole antifungals, Fluconazole, chemistry.chemical_classification, Ergosterol, Virulence, biology, Candidiasis, Middle Aged, amphotericin B, ERG3, Sterols, Infectious Diseases, Female, Oxidoreductases, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Microbial Sensitivity Tests, ergosterol biosynthesis, Chemoprevention, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Microbiology, Drug Resistance, Fungal, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Pharmacology, Gene Expression Profiling, Cell Membrane, Triazoles, biology.organism_classification, Pyrimidines, Amino Acid Substitution, chemistry, Azole, Mutant Proteins, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Voriconazole
Abstract: Objectives To determine the mechanisms responsible for fluconazole resistance in two Candida albicans isolates (CAAL2 and CAAL76) recovered from two hospitalized patients after fluconazole prophylaxis. Methods MICs of fluconazole and voriconazole were determined by the broth microdilution method (CLSI M27-A3), and by Etest(®) for amphotericin B. RNA expression levels of CDR1, MDR1 and ERG11 were determined by RT-PCR. Mutations in ERG11 and ERG3 were investigated by amplification and sequencing. Sterol membrane profiles were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In vivo virulence was determined in a murine model of invasive candidiasis. Results Both isolates displayed azole cross-resistance and reduced susceptibility to amphotericin B, and are novel Δ(5,6)-desaturase (Erg3p) mutants. CAAL2 harbours a new amino acid substitution (L193R), whereas a 13 bp deletion leading to a truncated Erg3p (Δ366-378) was found in CAAL76. Both genetic alterations impaired Erg3p function as shown by GC-MS in these isolates (ergosterol content below 10%, and accumulation of ergosta-7,22-dienol above 40%). In vivo, in a murine model of invasive candidiasis, both CAAL2 and CAAL76 exhibited a significant trend toward reduced virulence, which seems to be linked to a reduced capacity for hyphal growth. Conclusions These findings demonstrate the critical role of residue 193 in Erg3p function and azole resistance. We suggest that this attenuated in vivo virulence phenotype could be linked to lower potential for hyphal growth. Taken together, our findings highlight the fact that erg3 mutants must be considered in future studies aiming at investigating azole antifungal drug resistance.
Published: 2012
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8. Is real-time PCR-based diagnosis similar in performance to routine parasitological examination for the identification of Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica from stool samples? Evaluation of a new commercial multiplex PCR assay and literature review

Author: Estelle Cateau, M. Leterrier, Frédéric Dalle, Adrien Laude, Nicolas Argy, P. Le Pape, Céline Nourrisson, Y. Le Govic, Guillaume Desoubeaux, Marie Machouart, Françoise Botterel, Nathalie Bourgeois, Florent Morio, Stéphane Valot, Christelle Pomares, Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans ( LEO ), Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Tours, Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement ( LMGE ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I ( UdA ), Relations Hôte-Environnement ( RHEM ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Anofel Cryptosporidium National Network, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Ecologie et biologie des interactions ( EBI ), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes, Géosciences Paris Sud ( GEOPS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'économie d'Orleans (LEO), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Services de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Bichat], AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Laboratoire Microorganismes : Génome et Environnement (LMGE), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Service des Recherches Métallurgiques Appliquées (SRMA), Département des Matériaux pour le Nucléaire (DMN), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Géosciences Paris Sud (GEOPS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IICiMed - EA 1155, Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR Sciences et Techniques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN)-UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques [Université de Nantes], Université de Nantes (UN), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Tours (CHRU Tours), Centre d’Etude des Pathologies Respiratoires (CEPR), UMR 1100 (CEPR), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Gabriel Montpied [Clermont-Ferrand], CHU Clermont-Ferrand-CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Service de parasitologie [Mondor], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Microbiologie de l'Eau (MDE), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Départemental - Hôpital de La Roche-sur-Yon (CHD Vendée), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I (UdA), Laboratoire d'analyse et modélisation de systèmes pour l'aide à la décision (LAMSADE), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Interactions et dynamique des environnements de surface (IDES), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), L’UNAM Université, Groupe d’Etude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène, UPRES EA 3142, CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire (CEA-DEN), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Statistique, Analyse et Modélisation Multidisciplinaire (SAmos-Marin Mersenne) (SAMM), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, [SDV.MP.PRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Protistology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Entamoeba histolytica, Giardia intestinalis, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, fluids and secretions, [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, parasitic diseases, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic, stool, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Cryptosporidium parvum, biology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, DNA extraction, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Parasitology, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, multiplex real-time PCR, microscopy, Giardia lamblia, Cryptosporidium hominis, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: International audience; Microscopy is the reference standard for routine laboratory diagnosis in faecal parasitology but there is growing interest in alternative methods to overcome the limitations of microscopic examination, which is time-consuming and highly dependent on an operator's skills and expertise. Compared with microscopy, DNA detection by PCR is simple and can offer a better turnaround time. However, PCR performances remain difficult to assess as most studies have been conducted on a limited number of positive clinical samples and used in-house PCR methods. Our aim was to evaluate a new multiplex PCR assay (G-DiaParaTrio; Diagenode Diagnostics), targeting Giardia intestinalis, Cryptosporidium parvum/Cryptosporidium hominis and Entamoeba histolytica. To minimize the turnaround time, PCR was coupled with automated DNA extraction (QiaSymphony; Qiagen). The PCR assay was evaluated using a reference panel of 185 samples established by routine microscopic examination using a standardized protocol including Ziehl-Neelsen staining and adhesin detection by ELISA (E. histolytica II; TechLab). This panel, collected from 12 French parasitology laboratories, included 135 positive samples for G. intestinalis (n = 38), C. parvum/C. hominis (n = 26), E. histolytica (n = 5), 21 other gastrointestinal parasites, together with 50 negative samples. In all, the G-DiaParaTrio multiplex PCR assay identified 38 G. intestinalis, 25 C. parvum/C. hominis and five E. histolytica leading to sensitivity/specificity of 92%/100%, 96%/100% and 100%/100% for G. intestinalis, C. parvum/C. hominis and E. histolytica, respectively. This new multiplex PCR assay offers fast and reliable results, similar to microscopy-driven diagnosis for the detection of these gastrointestinal protozoa, allowing its implementation in routine clinical practice.
Published: 2015
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9. High diversity of non-sporulating moulds in respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients: should all the species be reported when diagnosing invasive aspergillosis?

Author: Martine Olivi, Odile Cabaret, Stéphane Bretagne, Catherine Cordonnier, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Jean-Marc Costa, Françoise Foulet, Alexandre Alanio, Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mycologie moléculaire, Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe hospitalier Albert Chenevier – Henri Mondor, Laboratoire CERBA, Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], Service d'hématologie clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Spores, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Genus, Respiratory system, DNA, Fungal, Child, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, 0303 health sciences, immunocompromised patient, biology, non-sporulating mould, General Medicine, Biodiversity, Spores, Fungal, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Phenotype, Fungal, Child, Preschool, Hematologic Neoplasms, Penicillium, Female, Sequence Analysis, Adult, Adolescent, Virulence, Dermatology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Immunocompromised Host, medicine, Humans, In patient, Internal transcribed spacer, Preschool, Respiratory specimens, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, invasive aspergillosis, 030306 microbiology, Infant, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, respiratory tract diseases, fungi
Abstract: International audience; Non-sporulating moulds (NSMs) isolated from respiratory specimens are usually discarded without further testing although they may have pathogenic effects in immunocompromised patients. The objective of this study was to determine the identity and frequency of NSMs in patients with haematological malignancies. We analysed the mycological results of 251 consecutive respiratory samples from 104 haematology patients. Yeast and sporulating moulds were identified at the genus/species level according to their phenotypic features. NSMs were identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing. We detected 179 positive samples, of which 10.1% (18/179) were mixtures of moulds and 26.3% (47/179) were mixtures of moulds and yeast. We identified 142 moulds belonging to 11 different genera/species or groups, with Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 50), Penicillium spp. (n = 31) and NSM (n = 24) being the most frequently isolated species. Twenty-two NSMs were successfully sequenced: 18 were basidiomycetes and six were ascomycetes, corresponding to 16 different genera/species. NSMs were isolated with A. fumigatus in the same sample or in a subsequent sample in five patients with probable invasive aspergillosis. The conclusion is that the respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients frequently contain very diverse mould species that may increase the virulence of pathogenic species. Reporting all mould species isolated when diagnosing invasive fungal infection could test this hypothesis.
Published: 2015
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10. Molecular identification of Mucorales in human tissues: contribution of PCR electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry

Author: Benoit Guery, Pierre BUFFET, Stéphane Bretagne, Frédéric GRENOUILLET, Benjamin Wyplosz, Tristan Ferry, André Paugam, Sophie Cassaing, Florent Morio, Maud GITS-MUSELLI, Anne Thiebaut-Bertrand, Mathilde Hunault, Cedric Arvieux, Jean-Pierre Gangneux, Anne Bergeron, Stéphane Ranque, Boualem Sendid, Olivia Freynet, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire (CNRMA), Laboratoire de microbiologie, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Centre d'infectiologie Necker-Pasteur [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Service d’anesthésie-réanimation [AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis], AP-HP Hôpital Saint-Louis, Pathogénie des infections systémiques (UMR_S 570), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Minatec, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Saint Louis], Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress (MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de Référence des Mycoses invasives et antifongiques - Mycologie moléculaire ( CNRMA ), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP]-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 ( UPD5 ), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 )
Subjects: Microbiological Techniques, Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Culture, Polymerase Chain Reaction, law.invention, law, Pathology, Prospective Studies, Pathology, Molecular, DNA, Fungal, [ SDV.MP.MYC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Polymerase chain reaction, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, biology, Electrospray Ionization, General Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, PCR, Fungal, Mucorales identification, Mucorales, Sequence Analysis, Microbiology (medical), Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization, Electrospray ionization, electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry, Mass spectrometry, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, medicine, Humans, Mucormycosis, Internal transcribed spacer, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Spectrometry, Molecular, Sequence Analysis, DNA, DNA, Ribosomal RNA, Mass, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Molecular biology, species level
Abstract: International audience; Molecular methods are crucial for mucormycosis diagnosis because cultures are frequently negative, even if microscopy suggests the presence of hyphae in tissues. We assessed PCR/electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS) for Mucorales identification in 19 unfixed tissue samples from 13 patients with proven or probable mucormycosis and compared the results with culture, quantitative real-time PCR, 16S-23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer region (ITS PCR) and 18S PCR sequencing. Concordance with culture identification to both genus and species levels was higher for PCR/ESI-MS than for the other techniques. Thus, PCR/ESI-MS is suitable for Mucorales identification, within 6 hours, for tissue samples for which microscopy results suggest the presence of hyphae.
Published: 2015
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11. Correlation Between Pneumocystis jirovecii Mitochondrial Genotypes and High and Low Fungal Loads Assessed by Single Nucleotide Primer Extension Assay and Quantitative Real-Time PCR

Author: Stéphane Bretagne, Ana Berceanu, Jean-Marc Costa, Alexandre Alanio, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Odile Cabaret, Laurence Millon, Françoise Foulet, Catherine Cordonnier, Martine Olivi, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire CERBA, Laboratoire CERBA [Saint Ouen l'Aumône], Service de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Service de Parasitologie Mycologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires Henri-Mondor, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Service d'hématologie clinique, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Bicêtre, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 ( UPEC UP12 ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire ( CNRMA ), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: MESH: Geography, MESH : Echinococcus multilocularis, Pneumocystis carinii, Primer extension, MESH: Risk Factors, Genotype, MESH: Animals, MESH: Residence Characteristics, MESH: Incidence, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, DNA, Fungal, Sanger sequencing, biology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, MESH : Geography, MESH: Echinococcosis, Hepatic, Middle Aged, MESH: Climate, MESH : Risk Factors, MESH: Case-Control Studies, MESH : Incidence, 3. Good health, MESH : Residence Characteristics, symbols, Female, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Adult, MESH : Case-Control Studies, MESH: Population Density, Molecular Sequence Data, Locus (genetics), Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Microbiology, DNA, Mitochondrial, MESH: Multivariate Analysis, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, symbols.namesake, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Humans, MESH : Disease Outbreaks, MESH : Population Density, Allele, MESH : France, Genotyping, Alleles, DNA Primers, MESH : Foxes, MESH: Echinococcus multilocularis, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, MESH: Foxes, MESH: Humans, MESH : Seasons, MESH : Humans, MESH : Multivariate Analysis, MESH : Climate, Ribosomal RNA, biology.organism_classification, Molecular biology, MESH: France, RNA, Ribosomal, Genome, Mitochondrial, MESH : Animals, MESH : Echinococcosis, Hepatic, MESH: Seasons
Abstract: International audience; We designed a single nucleotide primer extension (SNaPshot) assay for Pneumocystis jirovecii genotyping, targeting mt85 SNP of the mitochondrial large subunit ribosomal RNA locus, to improve minority allele detection. We then analyzed 133 consecutive bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids tested positive for P. jirovecii DNA by quantitative real-time PCR, obtained from two hospitals in different locations (Hospital 1 [n = 95] and Hospital 2 [n = 38]). We detected three different alleles, either singly (mt85C: 39.1%; mt85T: 24.1%; mt85A: 9.8%) or together (27%), and an association between P. jirovecii mt85 genotype and the patient's place of hospitalization (p = 0.011). The lowest fungal loads (median = 0.82 × 10(3) copies/μl; range: 15-11 × 10(3) ) were associated with mt85A and the highest (median = 1.4 × 10(6) copies/μl; range: 17 × 10(3) -1.3 × 10(7) ) with mt85CTA (p = 0.010). The ratios of the various alleles differed between the 36 mixed-genotype samples. In tests of serial BALs (median: 20 d; range 4-525) from six patients with mixed genotypes, allele ratio changes were observed five times and genotype replacement once. Therefore, allele ratio changes seem more frequent than genotype replacement when using a SNaPshot assay more sensitive for detecting minority alleles than Sanger sequencing. Moreover, because microscopy detects only high fungal loads, the selection of microscopy-positive samples may miss genotypes associated with low loads.
Published: 2015
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12. Infection of dogs with Echinococcus granulosus: causes and consequences in an hyperendemic area

Author: Raja Chaâbane-Banaoues, Myriam Oudni-M’rad, Jacques Cabaret, Habib Mezhoud, Selim M’rad, Hamouda Babba, Oudni-M'rad, Myriam, LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Medicale et Moleculaire, LR12ES08, Faculte de Pharmacie, Université de Monastir - University of Monastir (UM), LP3M: Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire, LR12ES08, Faculté de Pharmacie, UR Infectiologie animale et Santé publique (UR IASP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire de parasitologie, Hopital Habib Bourguiba - Habib Bourguiba Hospital [Sfax], Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research, Infectiologie et Santé Publique (UMR ISP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours, and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Tours (UT)
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Endemic Diseases, Environmental contamination, Climate, variabilité génétique, Polymerase Chain Reaction, 030308 mycology & parasitology, Feces, 0302 clinical medicine, Prevalence, Dog Diseases, Echinococcus granulosus, 0303 health sciences, Microscopy, biology, Geography, Incidence, Microbiology and Parasitology, maladie parasitaire, Echinococcosis, Microbiologie et Parasitologie, 3. Good health, G1 genotype, Phylogeography, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, zoonose, Tunisia, 030231 tropical medicine, 03 medical and health sciences, Dogs, Genetic variation, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Genetic variability, Isolation by distance, tunisie, Research, Genetic Variation, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Echinococcus, Parasitology, contamination fécale, chien, Dog faecal sample, humain
Abstract: Background Tunisia is a hyper endemic country for human echinococcosis. The infection is transmitted via the eggs of Echinococcus granulosus which are passed in the faeces of the definitive canid host. Methods This study evaluated the contamination rate of the dog faeces in different climatic conditions at eight different geographic regions throughout Tunisia. Dog faecal samples were collected from the soil and the Echinococcus eggs were identified using microscopic and molecular (Eg1121/1122 PCR, Egss1 PCR and Nad1 PCR-RFLP) tools. Results The contamination index of dog faeces by E. granulosus eggs ranged from 8.3% to 41.3% depending on the region. Comparisons of the dog faecal contamination rate against human incidence found them to be independent. Neither human prevalence nor dog contamination index appeared to be related to climatic conditions or geographic characteristics. The genetic variability of E. granulosus samples was different within each region but was not related to geographic distance which is indicative of local divergent evolutions rather than isolation by distance. Conclusions A high environmental dog contamination index does not necessarily correspond to high prevalence in humans as transmission is strongly linked to human behavior and hygiene.
Published: 2015
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13. Characterization and multicentric validation of a common standard for Toxoplasma gondii detection using nucleic acid amplification assays

Author: Yvon Sterkers, Laurence Delhaes, Sophie Cassaing, Hervé Pelloux, Denis Filisetti, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Feriel Touafek, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Hélène Yera, Patrick Bastien, Frédéric Dalle, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), FLAveur, VIsion et Comportement du consommateur (FLAVIC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Etablissement National d'Enseignement Supérieur Agronomique de Dijon (ENESAD)-Université de Bourgogne (UB), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU LIlle], Institut de Microbiologie [CHRU Lille], Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Pôle de Biologie Pathologie Génétique [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Laboratoire de parasitologie et mycologie médicale [CHU Strasbourg], CHU Strasbourg, Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), We acknowledge the financial support of the 'RSI Assurance Maladie Professions Libérales—Provinces, C.A.M.P.L.P.' for buying the LightCycler 480 (Roche) real-time PCR equipment in Montpellier as well as that of the Institut de Veille Sanitaire (InVS)., We thank Florence Robert-Gangneux (CHU of Rennes) and Jean Menotti (Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris) for fruitful discussions. We are grateful to Sylvie Matern and Rachel Huber (Strasbourg), Filomena Naji and Michèle Wauquier (Lille), Sylvie Douzou, Ghislaine Serres, and Bounleth Sanichanh (Montpellier), Catherine Barois (Grenoble), Anne Lamy, Raphaelle Laurenceau, Sandrine Chalmeton, Elodie Duthu, Séverine Gisquet, and Catherine Paris (Toulouse), and Cédric Rondot and Yacine Garaoun (Paris-Cochin) for technical assistance. We are indebted to Nathalie Van Langendonck (Academic Hospital of Tours) for providing AF samples. We are also grateful to Sebastien Besteiro (UMR CNRS 5235/University Montpellier 2, 'DIMNP') for providing the in vitro cultivated parasites., Pôle biologie Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [Toulouse], Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], Agroécologie [Dijon], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [APHP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Cochin [AP-HP]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), MESH: Reference Standards, MESH: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/methods, MESH: Parasite Load/standards, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Toxoplasma gondii, diagnostic, Parasitic loads, Parasite Load, MESH: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/standards, MESH: Toxoplasma/isolation & purification, medicine, Molecular diagnostic techniques, Humans, National level, Reference standards, MESH: Parasite Load/methods, standardization, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques/methods, Nucleic acid amplification technique, MESH: Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis, MESH: Molecular Diagnostic Techniques/standards, Reference Standards, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, quantification, 3. Good health, MESH: France, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, Immunology, Nucleic acid, MESH: Toxoplasma/genetics, Parasitology, France, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques, Toxoplasma
Abstract: The molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis essentially relies upon laboratory-developed methods and suffers from lack of standardization, hence the large diversity of performances between laboratories. Moreover, quantifications of parasitic loads differ among centers, a fact which prevents the possible prediction of the severity of this disease as a function of parasitic loads. The objectives of this multicentric study performed in eight proficient laboratories of the Molecular Biology Pole of the French National Reference Center for Toxoplasmosis (NRC-T) were (i) to assess the suitability of a lyophilized preparation of Toxoplasma gondii as a common standard for use in this PCR-based molecular diagnosis and (ii) to make this standard available to the community. High-quality written procedures were used for the production and qualification of this standard. Three independent batches of this standard, containing concentrations ranging from 10 4 to 0.01 T. gondii genome equivalents per PCR, were first assessed: the linear dynamic range was ≥6 log, the intra-assay coefficients of variation (CV) from a sample containing 10 T. gondii organisms per PCR were 0.3% to 0.42%, and the interassay CV over a 2-week period was 0.76% to 1.47%. A further assessment in eight diagnostic centers showed that the standard is stable, robust, and reliable. These lyophilized standards can easily be produced at a larger scale when needed and can be made widely available at the national level. To our knowledge, this is the first quality control assessment of a common standard which is usable both for self-evaluation in laboratories and for accurate quantification of parasitic loads in T. gondii prenatal infections.
Published: 2014
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14. Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia in Patients with or without AIDS, France

Author: Emmanuel Canet, Denis Magne, Anne-Pauline Bellanger, Elie Azoulay, Sandrine Valade, Frédéric Dalle, Ariane Lafabrie, M. Leterrier, Samia Hamane, Solène Le Gal, Julie Bonhomme, Dominique Toubas, Christelle Pomares, Patricia Roux, Christophe Hennequin, Antoine Roux, Antoine Berry, Florence Gangneux-Robert, Anne Debourgogne, Isabelle Durand-Joly, Eric Maury, Denis Pons, Danièle Maubon, Droits International, Comparé et Européen/ Institut Louis Favoreu - Groupe d 'études et de recherches sur la justice constitutionnelle [DICE - UMR 7318] (DICE / ILF-GERJC), Droits International, Comparé et Européen (DICE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Études Politiques [IEP] - Aix-en-Provence, Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Rennes], Institut de Biologie et Pathologie, CHU Grenoble, Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (SIMPA), Université de Lorraine (UL), Laboratoire Universitaire de Biodiversité et Ecologie Microbienne (LUBEM), Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Matrice extracellulaire et dynamique cellulaire - UMR 7369 (MEDyC), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims (CHU Reims), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Groupe d'Acoustique de l'Université de Sherbrooke (GAUS), Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre de recherche sur la Paléobiodiversité et les Paléoenvironnements (CR2P), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre d'Immunologie et de Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service des Soins Intensifs [CHU Saint-Antoine], Laboratoire de sciences cognitives et psycholinguistique (LSCP), Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hopital Saint Louis Paris, CHU Saint Louis [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), SFR CAP Santé (Champagne-Ardenne Picardie Santé), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (IGEPP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Département de génie mécanique [Sherbrooke], Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]-Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS), Centre orthopédique médicochirurgical, Hôpital Foch [Suresnes], CHU, Dauphine Recherches en Management ( DRM ), Université Paris-Dauphine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans ( LMV ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Rennes, CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Service de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHRU Nancy], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy ( CHRU Nancy ), Relations Hôte-Environnement ( RHEM ), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 ( UHP ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest ( CHRU Brest ), CHU Dijon, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), Centre Hospitalier Regional Universitaire de Nantes, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims ( CHU Reims ), service de parasitologie mycologie CHU Jean Minjoz BESANCON, Hôpital Jean Minjoz, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement ( LCE ), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté ( UBFC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Franche-Comté ( UFC ), CHU Caen, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse - CHU Toulouse (FRANCE), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires ( ICBMS ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CHU Gabriel Montpied ( CHU ), CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Réanimation Médicale [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP)-CHU Saint-Antoine [APHP], Dauphine Recherches en Management (DRM), Université Paris Dauphine-PSL-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nancy (CHRU Nancy), Relations Hôte-Environnement (RHEM), Université Henri Poincaré - Nancy 1 (UHP), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Normandie Université (NU)-Tumorothèque de Caen Basse-Normandie (TCBN), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Institut de Chimie et Biochimie Moléculaires et Supramoléculaires (ICBMS), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Gabriel Montpied (CHU), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), UL, SIMPA, and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, lcsh:Medicine, Pneumocystis carinii, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Odds Ratio, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Prospective cohort study, immunosuppressive disorder, Pneumocystis jirovecii, 0303 health sciences, biology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, HIV/AIDS, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Female, France, prophylaxis, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, mechanical ventilation, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, [ SDV.EE.SANT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, 03 medical and health sciences, respiratory infections, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), Intensive care, Internal medicine, Immune suppression, medicine, Humans, cancer, pneumonia, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, Mortality, Intensive care medicine, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Mechanical ventilation, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Research, lcsh:R, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Transplantation, Pneumonia, fungi, business, transplantation
Abstract: Immunosuppressed patients without AIDS had longer time to treatment and a higher rate of death than did patients with AIDS., Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) in patients without AIDS is increasingly common. We conducted a prospective cohort study of consecutive patients with proven PCP; of 544 patients, 223 (41%) had AIDS (AIDS patients) and 321 (59%) had other immunosuppressive disorders (non-AIDS patients). Fewer AIDS than non-AIDS patients required intensive care or ventilation, and the rate of hospital deaths—17.4% overall—was significantly lower for AIDS versus non-AIDS patients (4% vs. 27%; p
Published: 2014
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15. Freezing and storage at -20 °C provides adequate preservation of Toxoplasma gondii DNA for retrospective molecular analysis

Author: Hervé Pelloux, Feriel Touafek, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Laurence Delhaes, Frédéric Dalle, Sophie Cassaing, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Hélène Yera, Denis Filisetti, Yvon Sterkers, Patrick Bastien, Université de Bordeaux (UB), Dynamique des interactions Hôte pathogène, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre National de référence de la Toxoplasmose (CNRT), Vaccination Antiparasitaire : Laboratoire de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (LBCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Grenoble, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Montpellier), Pôle Biologie-Pathologie [CHRU Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Time Factors, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], education, Biology, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Specimen Handling, Toxoplasma gondii DNA, chemistry.chemical_compound, parasitic diseases, Freezing, medicine, Retrospective Studies, toxoplasma gondii, DNA storage, Toxoplasma gondii, amniotic fluid, General Medicine, DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, Dna storage, Molecular analysis, Infectious Diseases, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, chemistry, Molecular Diagnostic Techniques, congenital toxoplasmosis, Nucleic acid, MESH: DNA, Protozoan/isolation&purification; Freezing, Molecular Diagnostic Technics/methods, Specimen Handling/methods, Toxoplasmosis/diagnosis, real-Time PCR, Toxoplasma, DNA
Abstract: Equipe EA MERS; International audience; Nucleic acid-based testing has become crucial for toxoplasmosis diagnosis. For retrospective (forensic or scientific) studies, optimal methods must be employed for DNA long-term storage. We compared Toxoplasma gondii detection before and after DNA storage using real-time PCR. No significant differences were found depending on duration or storage conditions at -20 °C or -80 °C.
Published: 2014
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16. A one-step multiplex PCR for acanthamoeba keratitis diagnosis and quality samples control

Author: Danièle Maubon, Hervé Pelloux, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, O. Savy, Hélène Yera, Christophe Chiquet, Muriel Dubosson, Muriel Cornet, E. Renard, Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Université Grenoble Alpes - UFR Pharmacie (UGA UFRP), Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de la Toxoplasmose, Institut de Puériculture de Paris, TheREx, Techniques de l'Ingénierie Médicale et de la Complexité - Informatique, Mathématiques et Applications, Grenoble - UMR 5525 (TIMC-IMAG), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble-CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, and CHU Grenoble
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, MESH: Acanthamoeba Keratitis, MESH: DNA, Protozoan, Acanthamoeba, Infectious Keratitis, Sensitivity and Specificity, Keratitis, Cornea, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, medicine, MESH: Acanthamoeba, Humans, Multiplex, Prospective Studies, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Cells, Cultured, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Humans, biology, MESH: Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Cornea, Gold standard (test), DNA, Protozoan, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Dermatology, DNA extraction, eye diseases, MESH: Prospective Studies, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, 3. Good health, Acanthamoeba keratitis, Acanthamoeba Keratitis, 030221 ophthalmology & optometry, business, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction, MESH: Cells, Cultured
Abstract: International audience; PURPOSE: As the number of cases of Acanthamoeba spp. keratitis (AK) is constantly growing, new diagnostic tools are needed to confirm and guide ophthalmologists in this clinically problematic diagnosis. Molecular diagnosis is particularly well adapted, although only a few real-time PCR techniques have been described recently. The aim of this study was to develop a new PCR technique for the diagnosis of AK by combining the detection of Acanthamoeba DNA with human DNA, thus allowing an accurate interpretation of the PCR result. METHODS: Different DNA extraction procedures were compared to ensure an optimized amplification of one Acanthamoeba genome. The analytical parameters of this new multiplex Acanthamoeba beta-globin PCR (MAB-PCR) were evaluated. Fourteen eye drops were tested as potential PCR inhibitors. A prospective series of 28 corneal scrapings was subjected to MAB-PCR. RESULTS: The best extraction procedure associated thermal-shock pretreatment followed by a manual extraction procedure. The MAB-PCR parameters displayed excellent specificity and sensitivity, with a detection of 0.02 genome of Acanthamoeba. No eye drops were total PCR inhibitors. Of 28 corneal scrapings, 18 were considered true negatives. Seven could not be interpreted because of insufficient scraping material. Three were considered true positives: every patient progressed favorably on specific and reliable treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The MAB-PCR is a new tool to diagnose AK. It allows rapid diagnosis and prompt treatment of this probably underestimated etiology of infectious keratitis. This optimized real-time PCR outperforms the gold standard for Acanthamoeba keratitis diagnosis and it allows a concomitant evaluation of the quality of the corneal scraping, which is necessary for a precise interpretation of the results.
Published: 2012
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17. Prevention of toxoplasmosis in transplant patients

Author: F, Derouin, H, Pelloux, L, Kortbeek, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Laboratoire Adaptation et pathogénie des micro-organismes [Grenoble] (LAPM), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Myocarditis, Opportunistic infection, Population, Toxoplasma gondii, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Pneumonitis, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Transplantation, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Prevention, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Toxoplasmosis, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, surgical procedures, operative, Immunology, business, Encephalitis
Abstract: Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Dec Toxoplasmosis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection that affects haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. Its incidence in these patients is closely related to the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in the general population, which is high in Europe. In SOT recipients, toxoplasmosis results mainly from transmission of the parasite with the transplanted organ from a Toxoplasma-seropositive donor to a Toxoplasma-seronegative recipient. This risk is high in cases of transplantation of organs that are recognized sites of encystation of the parasite, e.g. the heart, and is markedly lower in other SOT recipients. Clinical symptoms usually occur within the first 3 months after transplantation, sometimes as early as 2 weeks post transplant, and involve febrile myocarditis, encephalitis or pneumonitis. In HSCT recipients, the major risk of toxoplasmosis results from the reactivation of a pre-transplant latent infection in seropositive recipients. The median point of disease onset is estimated at 2 months post transplant, with
Published: 2008
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18. Population structure of Tunisian Leishmania infantum and evidence for the existence of hybrids and gene flow between genetically different populations

Author: Gabriele Schönian, Mohamed Zribi, Najoua Haouas, Karim Aoun, Sonja A. Schmidt, Najla Chargui, Patrick Bastien, Ahmad Amro, Emna Chaker, Michèle Lefebvre, Hamouda Babba, Christophe Ravel, Katrin Kuhls, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Medicale et Moleculaire, Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Al-Quds University, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Le laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Hôpital La Rabta [Tunis], Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie, Centre d'Hygiène de Sfax, Najla Chargui was supported by a grant from the Agence Universitaire de la Francophonie (AUF)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)
Subjects: Population genetics, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Hybrids, Gene flow, 0302 clinical medicine, Genotype, Canine leishmaniasis, Leishmania infantum, Child, Leishmaniasis, Phylogeny, Genetics, Recombination, Genetic, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, Middle Aged, Isoenzymes, Infectious Diseases, Molecular epidemiology, Child, Preschool, Microsatellite, Adult, Electrophoresis, Gene Flow, Tunisia, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Dogs, medicine, Animals, Humans, education, Microsatellites, 030304 developmental biology, Polymorphism, Genetic, Chimera, Infant, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Recombination, Genetics, Population, Parasitology, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract: International audience; Twenty-seven strains of Leishmania infantum from north and central Tunisia belonging to the three main MON zymodemes (the MON-typing system is based on multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE) of 15 enzymes) found in this country (MON-1, MON-24 and MON-80) and representing different pathologies (visceral, cutaneous and canine leishmaniasis) have been studied to understand the genetic polymorphism within this species. Intraspecific variation could be detected in L. infantum by the use of 14 hypervariable microsatellite markers. In addition to microsatellite repeat length variation, a high degree of allelic heterozygosity has been observed among the strains investigated, suggestive of sexual recombination within L. infantum groups. The two major clusters found by using Bayesian statistics as well as distance analysis are consistent with the classification based on isoenzymes, dividing Tunisian L infantum into MON-1 and MON-24/MON-80. Moreover, the existence of hybrid strains between the MON-1 and the non-MON-1 populations has been shown and verified by analysis of clones of one of these strains. Substructure analysis discriminated four groups of L. infantum. The major MON-1 cluster split into two groups, one comprising only Tunisian strains and the second both Tunisian and European strains. The major MON-24 cluster was subdivided into two groups with geographical and clinical feature correlations: a dermotropic group of strains mainly from the north, and a viscerotropic group of strains from the centre of Tunisia. The four viscerotropic hybrid strains all originated from central Tunisia and were typed by MLEE as MON-24 or MON-80. To our knowledge, this is the first report describing relationships between clinical picture and population substructure of L. infantum MON-24 based on genotype data, as well as the existence of hybrids between zymodemes MON-1 and MON-24/MON-80, and proving one of these hybrid strains by molecular analysis of the parent strain and its clones. (C) 2009 Australian Society for Parasitology Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2008
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19. Highly Conserved gsc1 Gene of Pneumocystis jirovecii in Patients with or without Prior Exposure to Echinocandins

Author: Patrice Le Pape, Fouleymata Diabira, Solène Le Gal, Nicolas Papon, Guillaume Curral, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Steven Negri, Jean-François Huon, Florent Morio, Athéna de Quélen, Virginie Cogulet, Matthieu Grégoire, Claire V Hoffmann, Pierre L Bonnet, Gilles Nevez, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Pharmacology, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Haplotype, Single-nucleotide polymorphism, biology.organism_classification, Pneumocystis pneumonia, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Infectious Diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Pharmacology (medical), Allele, Synonymous substitution, Echinocandins, Gene, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Echinocandins are noncompetitive inhibitors of the GSC1 subunit of the enzymatic complex involved in synthesis of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, a cell wall component of most fungi, including Pneumocystis spp. Echinocandins are widely used for treating systemic candidiasis and rarely used for treating Pneumocystis pneumonia. Consequently, data on P. jirovecii gsc1 gene diversity are still scarce, compared to the homologous fks1 gene of Candida spp. In this study, we analyzed P. jirovecii gsc1 gene diversity and the putative selection pressure of echinocandins on P. jirovecii. Gsc1 gene sequences of P. jirovecii specimens from two patient groups were compared. One group of 27 patients had prior exposure to echinocandins whereas the second group of 24 patients did not, at the time of P. jirovecii infection diagnoses. Two portions of P. jirovecii gsc1 gene, HS1 and HS2, homologous to hot spots described in Candida spp., were sequenced. Three SNPs at positions 2204, 2243, and 2303 close to the HS1 region and another SNP at position 4540 more distant from the HS2 region were identified. These SNPs represent synonymous mutations. Three gsc1 HS1 alleles, A, B, and C, and two gsc1 HS2 alleles, a and b, and four haplotypes, Ca, Cb, Aa, and Ba, were defined, without significant difference in haplotype distribution in both patient groups ( p = 0.57). Considering the identical diversity of P. jirovecii gsc1 gene and the detection of synonymous mutations in both patient groups, no selection pressure of echinocandins among P. jirovecii microorganisms can be pointed out so far.
Published: 2022
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20. Selection of Pneumocystis jirovecii Inosine 5′-Monophosphate Dehydrogenase Mutants in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients: Implication of Mycophenolic Acid

Author: Nicolas Papon, Gilles Nevez, Dorothée Quinio, Marie-Christine Moal, Claire V Hoffmann, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Yannick Le Meur, Nathan Le Nan, Solène Le Gal, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), QH301-705.5, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, selection, Plant Science, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Mycophenolic acid, Article, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Microbiology, IMPDH, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Inosine-5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase, Biology (General), education, Inosine, Gene, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, 030306 microbiology, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Transplantation, biology.protein, mycophenolic acid, medicine.drug, transplantation
Abstract: Mycophenolic acid (MPA) targets the inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH) of human lymphocytes. It is widely used as an immunosuppressant to prevent rejection in solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients who, incidentally, are at risk for Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP). We hypothesized that MPA exerts selective pressure on P. jirovecii microorganisms considering its in vitro antifungal activity on other fungi. Thus, we analysed impdh gene in P. jirovecii isolates from SOT recipients. P. jirovecii specimens from 26 patients diagnosed with PCP from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively examined: 10 SOT recipients treated with MPA and 16 non-SOT patients without prior exposure to MPA. The P. jirovecii impdh gene was amplified and sequenced. Nucleotide sequences were aligned with the reference sequences retrieved from available P. jirovecii whole genomes. The deduced IMPDH protein sequences were aligned with available IMPDH proteins from Pneumocystis spp. and other fungal species known to be in vitro sensitive or resistant to MPA. A total of nine SNPs was identified. One SNP (G1020A) that results in an Ala261Thr substitution was identified in all SOT recipients and in none of the non-SOT patients. Considering that IMPDHs of other fungi, resistant to MPA, harbour Thr (or Ser) at the analogous position, the Ala261Thr mutation observed in MPA-treated patients was considered to represent the signature of P. jirovecii exposure to MPA. These results suggest that MPA may be involved in the selection of specific P. jirovecii strains that circulate in the SOT recipient population.
Published: 2021
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21. Draft Genome Sequence of the Environmental Fungus Scedosporium dehoogii

Author: Amandine Gastebois, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Christophe Lemaire, Amandine Rougeron, Jason Shiller, Bruno Le Cam, Thomas Dugé de Bernonville, Ludovic Duvaux, Patrick Vandeputte, Sandrine Giraud, Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences (IRHS), Université d'Angers (UA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Université de Tours (UT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), University of Angers (France), and Université de Tours
Subjects: Whole genome sequencing, 0303 health sciences, Genome, biology, 030306 microbiology, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Scedosporium boydii, Scedosporium apiospermum, Fungus, Environment, biology.organism_classification, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, Scedosporium dehoogii, 03 medical and health sciences, Scedosporium aurantiacum, Fungi, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Scedosporium minutisporum, Agronomy and Crop Science, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience; Today, the genus Scedosporium comprises at least ten species with four of them, Scedosporium apiospermum, Scedosporium boydii, Scedosporium aurantiacum and Scedosporium minutisporum capable of colonizing the lungs of patients with cystic fibrosis. Scedosporium dehoogii, which is also common in the soil, has never been reported as causing human pulmonary infections. Here we report the first genome sequence for S. dehoogii, an invaluable resource to understand the genetic bases of pathogenesis in the genus Scedosporium.
Published: 2021
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22. Serological biomarkers for the diagnosis of Mycobacterium abscessus infections in cystic fibrosis patients

Author: Jean-Louis Herrmann, Jean-Louis Gaillard, Anne-Laure Roux, Gaëtan Christien, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Hélène Mahoudo, Agnès Ferroni, Gerard Lina, Oana Dumitrescu, Vincent Le Moigne, Patrick Plésiat, Stéphane Canaan, Geneviève Héry-Arnaud, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Infection et inflammation (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire d'ingénierie des systèmes macromoléculaires (LISM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Hôpital Morvan - CHRU de Brest (CHU - BREST ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris-Saclay, Hôpital Ambroise Paré [AP-HP], Laboratoire de Microbiologie Clinique [AP-HP Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Respiratoires Fongiques (IRF), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Service de microbiologie, APHP Raymond Poincaré, This work was supported by grants from the Association Vaincre la Mucoviscidose (RF20110600446/1/3/130)., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Brest (UBO)
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous, Mycobacterium abscessus, Cystic fibrosis, Gastroenterology, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, Internal medicine, Non-tuberculous mycobacteria, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pathogen, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Serodiagnosis, biology, business.industry, Antibody titer, Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, bacterial infections and mycoses, 3. Good health, Mycobacterium abscessus Infections, 030228 respiratory system, Serological biomarkers, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, ELISA, business, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Background: Culture conditions sometimes make it difficult to detect non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), particularly Mycobacterium abscessus, an emerging cystic fibrosis (CF) pathogen. The diagnosis of NTM positive cases not detected by classical culture methods might benefit from the development of a serological assay.Methods: As part of a diagnostic accuracy study, a total of 173 sera CF-patients, including 33 patients with M. abscessus positive cultures, and 31 non-CF healthy controls (HC) were evaluated. Four M. abscessus antigens were used separately, comprising two surface extracts (Interphase (INP) and a TLR2 positive extract (TLR2eF)) and two recombinant proteins (rMAB_2545c and rMAB_0555 also known as the phospholipase C (rPLC)).Results: TLR2eF and rPLC were the most efficient antigens to discriminate NTM-culture positive CF-patients from NTM-culture negative CF-patients. The best clinical values were obtained for the detection of M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients; with sensitivities for the TLR2eF and rPLC of 81.2% (95% CI:65.7-92.3%) and 87.9% (95% CI:71.9-95.6%) respectively, and specificities of 88.9% (95% CI:85.3-94.8%) and 84.8% (95% CI:80.6-91.5%) respectively. When considering as positive all sera, giving a positive response in at least one of the two tests, and, as negative, all sera negative for both tests, we obtained a sensitivity of 93.9% and a specificity of 80.7% for the detection of M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients.Conclusion: High antibody titers against TLR2eF and rPLC were obtained in M. abscessus-culture positive CF-patients, allowing us to consider these serological markers as potential tools in the detection of CF-patients infected with M. abscessus.
Published: 2021
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23. Comparison of MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) and Microsatellite Length Polymorphism (MLP) for Pneumocystis jirovecii genotyping

Author: Stéphane Bretagne, Pascal Campagne, Patrice Le Pape, Maud Gits-Muselli, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Alexandre Alanio, Florent Morio, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université de Paris (UP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Hub Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Cibles et médicaments de l'infection, de l'immunité et du cancer (IICiMed), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), MGM’s salary was funded by Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris and Institut Pasteur (Poste d’ accueil APHP/CNRS/Institut Pasteur)., Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), and Cibles et Médicaments des Infections et de l'Immunité (IICiMed)
Subjects: Genotyping, lcsh:Biotechnology, Biophysics, Context (language use), MLP, Biochemistry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Structural Biology, lcsh:TP248.13-248.65, Genotype, Genetics, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Genotyping Techniques, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, Haplotype, biology.organism_classification, Computer Science Applications, Haplotypes, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Microsatellite, Multilocus sequence typing, MultiLocus Sequence Typing, Biotechnology
Abstract: International audience; Pneumocystis jirovecii is an atypical fungus responsible for severe respiratory infections, often reported as local outbreaks in immunocompromised patients. Epidemiology of this infection, and transmission risk emphasises the need for developing genotyping techniques. Currently, two methods have emerged: Multilocus Sequence typing (MLST) and microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP). Here we compare an MLST strategy, including 2 nuclear loci and 2 mitochondrial loci, with an MLP strategy including 6 nuclear markers using 37 clinical PCR-positive respiratory samples from two French hospitals. Pneumocystis jirovecii MLST and MLP provided 30 and 35 different genotypes respectively. A higher number of mixed infections was detected using MLP (48.6% vs. 13.5% respectively; p = 0.002). Only one MLP marker (STR279) was statistically associated with the geographical origin of samples. Haplotype network inferred using the available genotypes yielded expanded network for MLP, characterized by more mutational steps as compared to MLST, suggesting that the MLP approach is more resolutive to separate genotypes. The correlation between genetic distances calculated based on MLST and MLP was modest with a R2 value = 0.32 (p
Published: 2020
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24. High airborne level of Aspergillus fumigatus and presence of azole-resistant TR34/L98H isolates in the home of a cystic fibrosis patient harbouring chronic colonisation with azole-resistant H285Y A. fumigatus

Author: E. Hecquet, Emilie Fréalle, A. Prévotat, A. Deschildre, M. Paluch, S. Lejeune, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Pneumologie et allergologie pédiatriques [CHU Jeanne de Flandre, Lille], Hôpital Jeanne de Flandre [Lille], Centre de Recherche en Chimie Moléculaire (CRCM), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, A fumigatus, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillosis, Cystic fibrosis, Aspergillus fumigatus, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, business.industry, Environmental exposure, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Colonisation, 030104 developmental biology, 030228 respiratory system, chemistry, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Azole, ARAF, business
Abstract: Azole-resistant Aspergillus fumigatus (ARAF) has been reported in the domestic environment of patients at risk for aspergillosis. Here, we assessed the mother's and father's homes of an 18-year-old cystic fibrosis patient harbouring chronic colonisation with H285Y CYP51A azole-resistant isolate, in order to explore the link between environmental exposure and ARAF infection. In one dwelling, a very high overall contamination level was found (710–7.240 CFU/m3), with a predominance of A. fumigatus (640–6.490 CFU/m3), and ARAF showing the TR34/L98H mutation was isolated. Mycological follow-up of the patient showed the persistence of H285Y isolates, but no acquisition of TR34/L98H isolates was observed. This could be due to the low proportion of TR34/L98H isolates (
Published: 2019
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25. Azoles susceptibility profiles of more than 9,000 clinical yeast isolates belonging to 40 common and rare species

Author: Olivier Lortholary, Françoise Dromer, Stéphane Bretagne, Marie Desnos-Ollivier, Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service des Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Necker], CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur and Santé Publique France., Members of the French Mycoses Study group who contributed to the data are in alphabetical order of the cities, all the French microbiologists and mycologists who sent isolates for characterization of unusual antifungal susceptibility profiles or to contribute to the ongoing surveillance program on the epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in France (YEASTS and RESSIF programs): N. Brieu (CH Aix), T. Chouaki, C. Damiani, A. Totet (CHU Amiens, J. P. Bouchara, M. Pihet (CHU Angers), S. Bland (CH Annecy), V. Blanc (CH Antibes), S. Branger (CH Avignon), A. P. Bellanger, L. Million (CHU Besançon), C. Plassart (CH Beauvais), I. Poilane (hôpital Jean Verdier, Bondy), I. Accoceberry, L. Delhaes, F. Gabriel (CH Bordeaux), A. L. Roux, V. Sivadon-Tardy (hôpital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne Billancourt), F. Laurent (CH, Bourg en Bresse), S. Legal, E. Moalic, G. Nevez, D. Quinio (CHU Brest), M. Cariou (CH Bretagne Sud), J. Bonhomme (CHU, Caen), B. Podac (CH, Chalon sur Saône), S. Lechatch (CH, Charleville-Mézières), C. Soler (hopital d’Instruction des armées, Clamart), P. Poirier, C. Nourrisson (CHU, Clermont Ferrand), O. Augereau (CH, Colmar), N. Fauchet (CHIC, Créteil), F. Dalles (CHU, Dijon), P. Cahen (CMC, Foch), N. Desbois, C. Miossec (CHU, Fort de France), J. L. Hermann (hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches), M. Cornet, D. Maubon, H. Pelloux (CHU, Grenoble), M. Nicolas (CHU,Guadeloupe), C. Aznar, D. Blanchet, J. F. Carod, M. Demar, (CHU, Guyane), A. Angoulvant (hôpital Bicêtre, le Kremlin Bicêtre), C. Ciupek (CH, Le Mans), A. Gigandon (hôpital Marie Lannelongue, Le Plessis Robinson), B. Bouteille (CH Limoges), E. Frealle, B. Sendid (CHU Lille), D. Dupont, J. Menotti, F. Persat, M. Wallon (CHU, Lyon), C. Cassagne, S. Ranque (CHU, Marseille), T. Benoit-Cattin, L. Collet (CH Mayotte), A. Fiacre (CH Meaux), N. Bourgeois, L. Lachaud (CHU, Montpellier), M. Machouart (CHU, Nancy), P. Lepape, F. Morio (CHU, Nantes), O. Moquet (CH, Nevers), S. Lefrançois (hôpital Américain, Neuilly), M. Sasso (CHU, Nimes), F. Reibel (GH, Nord-Essone), M. Gari-Toussaint, L. Hasseine (CHU Nice), L. Bret, D. Poisson (CHR Orléans), S. Brun (hôpital Avicenne, Paris), C. Bonnal, S. Houze (hôpital Bichat, Paris), A. Paugam (hôpital Cochin, Paris), E. Dannaoui (HEGP, Paris), N. Ait-Ammar, F. Botterel, R. Chouk (CHU Henri Mondor, Paris), M. E. Bougnoux, E. Sitterle (hôpital Necker, Paris), A. Fekkar, R. Piarroux (hôpital Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris), J. Guitard, C. Hennequin (hôpital St Antoine, Paris), M. Gits-Muselli, S. Hamane (hôpital Saint Louis, Paris), S. Bonacorsi, P. Mariani (hôpital Robert Debré, Paris), D. Moissenet (hôpital Trousseau, Paris), A. Minoza, E. Perraud, M. H. Rodier (CHU Poitiers), G. Colonna (CH, Porto Vecchio), D. Toubas (CHU Reims), J. P. Gangneux, F. Robert-Gangneux (CHU Rennes), O. Belmonte, G. Hoarau, M. C. Jaffar Bandjee, J. Jaubert, S. Picot, N. Traversier (CHU Réunion), L. Favennec, G. Gargala (CHU, Rouen), C. Tournus (CH, St Denis), H. Raberin (CHU, St Etienne), V. Letscher Bru (CHU, Strasbourg), S. Cassaing (CHU, Toulouse), P. Patoz (CH Tourcoing), E. Bailly, G. Desoubeaux (CHU Tours), F. Moreau (CH Troyes), P. Munier (CH Valence), E. Mazars (CH Valenciennes), O. Eloy (CH Versailles), E. Chachaty (Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif), and members of the NRCMA (Institut Pasteur, Paris): A. Boullié, C. Gautier, V. Geolier, C. Blanc, D. Hoinard and D. Raoux-Barbot for technical help, and K. Boukris-Sitbon, F. Lanternier, A. Alanio, D. Garcia-Hermoso for their expertise and contribution to the surveillance programs., Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Serotype, Azoles, Antifungal Agents, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Candida parapsilosis, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Pichia, Microbiology, Candida tropicalis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Candida albicans, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Pharmacology, chemistry.chemical_classification, 0303 health sciences, biology, Candida glabrata, 030306 microbiology, Broth microdilution, Rhodotorula, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Susceptibility, Saccharomycetales, Azole, France
Abstract: Invasive yeast infections represent a major global public health issue, and only few antifungal agents are available. Azoles are one of the classes of antifungals used for treatment of invasive candidiasis. The determination of antifungal susceptibility profiles using standardized methods is important to identify resistant isolates and to uncover the potential emergence of intrinsically resistant species. Here, we report data on 9,319 clinical isolates belonging to 40 pathogenic yeast species recovered in France over 17 years. The antifungal susceptibility profiles were all determined at the National Reference Center for Invasive Mycoses and Antifungals based on the EUCAST broth microdilution method. The centralized collection and analysis allowed us to describe the trends of azole susceptibility of isolates belonging to common species, confirming the high susceptibility for Candida albicans (n = 3,295), Candida tropicalis (n = 641), and Candida parapsilosis (n = 820) and decreased susceptibility for Candida glabrata (n = 1,274) and Pichia kudriavzevii (n = 343). These profiles also provide interesting data concerning azole susceptibility of Cryptococcus neoformans species complex, showing comparable MIC distributions for the three species but lower MIC(50)s and MIC(90)s for serotype D (n = 208) compared to serotype A (n = 949) and AD hybrids (n = 177). Finally, these data provide useful information for rare and/or emerging species, such as Clavispora lusitaniae (n = 221), Saprochaete clavata (n = 184), Meyerozyma guilliermondii complex (n = 150), Candida haemulonii complex (n = 87), Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (n = 55), and Wickerhamomyces anomalus (n = 36).
Published: 2021
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26. First isolation and genotyping of Toxoplasma gondii strains from domestic animals in Tunisia

Author: Arwa Lachkhem, Karine Passebosc, Hamouda Babba, Marie-Laure Dardé, Ibtissem Lahmar, Nicolas Plault, Aurélien Mercier, Lokman Galal, Homayoun Riahi, Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire [Monastir, Tunisie] (LP3M-LR12ES08), Département de Biologie Clinique B [Monastir, Tunisie], Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM)-Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Centre de maternité et de néonatologie de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), and Grelier, Elisabeth
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Tunisia, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Multiplex polymerase chain reaction, Genetics, Parasite hosting, Animals, education, Genotyping, Genetic diversity, education.field_of_study, Multidisciplinary, Sheep, biology, Strain (biology), Biological techniques, Toxoplasma gondii, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Medicine, Microsatellite, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chickens, Toxoplasma
Abstract: The isolation and molecular typing of Toxoplasma gondii strains provides an essential basis for a better understanding of the distribution of genetic diversity and associated human health risks. In this context, we report, the molecular characterization of strains of T. gondii isolated from domestic animals infected with T. gondii in Southern and coastal area of Tunisia. This diversity is compared to that known for the Western European and Mediterranean sub-region.Blood, hearts and/or brains were collected from 766 domestic animals (630 sheep and 136 free-range chickens). Strain isolation from these samples were performed using mouse bioassay. The strains genotyping was carried out with a multiplex PCR technique using 15 microsatellite markers. Viable strains of T. gondii were isolated from 13.4% sheep and 33.3% chickens. Furthermore, the parasite was also detected in three DNA extracts from animal tissue digestates.This study showed a large predominance of type II strains (87.9%) from which two samples were type II variants for W35 locus. The other genotypes were three type III sheep isolates (9.1%) and, for the first time in Tunisia, an isolate of sheep origin of the Africa 4 genotype (3.0%). The comparison of microsatellite alleles of type II strains shows the recent migration of strains between Tunisia and other countries of the world.
Published: 2021
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27. Promising proteins detected by Western blot from Echinococcus granulosus protoscoleces for predicting early post-surgical outcomes in CE-affected Tunisian children

Author: Bruno Gottstein, Sana Mosbahi, Coralie Barrera, Hamouda Babba, Mar Siles-Lucas, S. Belhassen, Wahiba Sakly, Abdellatif Nouri, Eya Ben Salah, Laurence Millon, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire [Monastir, Tunisie] (LP3M-LR12ES08), Département de Biologie Clinique B [Monastir, Tunisie], Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM)-Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Département pédiatrique [Hôpital Fattouma Bourguiba - Monastir], CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Institute for Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Berne, 3001 Berne, Switzerland, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Salamanca (IRNASA), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur et de la Recherche Scientifique (Tunisie), National Reference Center for Echinococcosis (France), Siles Lucas, Mar [0000-0002-1257-2562], and Siles Lucas, Mar
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Post surgical, Gastroenterology, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, Recurrence, Prospective Studies, Child, Echinococcus granulosus, medicine.diagnostic_test, 4. Education, Follow-up, Antibody titer, Helminth Proteins, 030108 mycology & parasitology, 3. Good health, Treatment Outcome, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, Tunisia, Adolescent, Blotting, Western, 030231 tropical medicine, Antibodies, Helminth, Post-surgical outcome, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Western blot, 610 Medicine & health, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antigen, Echinococcosis, Internal medicine, medicine, Animals, Humans, Serologic Tests, lcsh:RC109-216, 2B2t ELISA, [SDV.EE.SANT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Health, Cystic echinococcosis, Research, biology.organism_classification, Parasitology, Antigens, Helminth, General Surgery, Immunoglobulin G, 570 Life sciences, biology, Protoscolex antigens, B2t ELISA
Abstract: 13 páginas, 6 figuras, 3 tablas, Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) afects predominantly young patients in highly endemic areas. Improved serological methods are needed for the follow-up of CE cases, especially given the high rates of post-surgical relapse that require detection as soon as possible., Methods: We designed a study to investigate the value of antigenic proteins extracted from Echinococcus granu losus (E. granulosus) protoscoleces, and of recombinant B2t and 2B2t proteins, for assessing the efcacy of surgical treatment carried out on CE-afected children. This study was performed on 278 plasma samples collected from 59 Tunisian children surgically treated for CE and monitored for 3 years post-surgery. The patients were classifed according to post-surgical outcomes into a “non-relapsed” (NRCE) and a “relapsed” (RCE) group. We performed in-house ELISAs to measure anti-B2t and anti-2B2t IgG and immunoblotting for the detection of IgG against SDS-PAGE-resolved E. granulosus protoscoleces-specifc antigens. The Wilcoxon test was applied to assess anti-B2t and anti-2B2t IgG levels. We applied the Cochran Q test to compare the distribution of immunoblotting antigenic bands between 1-month and 1-year post-surgery., Results: The probability of being “relapse-free” when a decrease in antibody titers occurred between 1 month and 1 year post-surgery was 81% and 75%, respectively, for anti-B2t and anti-2B2t IgG. We identifed fve protoscolex protein bands of 20, 26/27, 30, 40 and 46 kDa as highly immunoreactive by immunoblot for both RCE and NRCE patients at 1 month post-surgery, and signifcantly lower immunoreactivity after 1 year (p< 10–4) for NRCE compared to RCE patients. The proteins at 26/27 and 40 kDa displayed the best performance in predicting the outcome, with an 84% probability of being relapse-free when the reactivity against the 40 kDa antigen, the doublet at 26/27 kDa, or both was absent or disappeared between 1 month and 1 year post-surgery, and a 93% probability of being relapsed when both bands remained reactive or increased in intensity between the two time points., Conclusions: The B2t protein could be useful for the prediction of CE early post-surgical outcomes. The proteins of E. granulosus protoscoleces, especially the doublet P26/27 and P40, could be promising predictive biomarkers for the post-surgical follow-up of CE cases as well., This study was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientifc Research, Tunisia, and National Reference Center for Echinococcosis, Besançon, France. EBS received a 3-month fellowship from the University of Monastir to carry out the current study in collaboration with the UMR/CNRS 6249 Chrono-Environnement Research Team, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, France.
Published: 2021
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28. Different repartition of the cryptic species of black aspergilli according to the anatomical sites in human infections, in a French University hospital

Author: Sophie Touratier, Dea Garcia-Hermoso, Maud Gits-Muselli, Samia Hamane, Louise Bondeelle, Stéphane Bretagne, Blandine Denis, Elisa Cherpin, Benjamin Verillaud, Alexandre Alanio, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Mycologie et Antifongiques-Mycologie Moléculaire (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Otorhinolaryngologie, Hôpital Lariboisière Saint-Louis Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Maladies infectieuses, Hopital Lariboisière Saint-Louis Fernand Widal, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de pneumologie [Saint-Louis], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Pharmacie, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), The authors thank all the clinicians who cared for the patients and all the laboratory staff and more specifically Cécile Gautier for technical assistance regarding culture of strains and MIC determinations. We are also indebted to Françoise Dromer for her helpful comments to the manuscript., AUGUSTE, Christèle, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP)
Subjects: Species complex, Veterinary medicine, otomycosis, Otomycosis, Aspergillosis, 03 medical and health sciences, Aspergillus welwitschiae, medicine, Animals, Humans, Ear canal, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Aspergillus, invasive aspergillosis, biology, 030306 microbiology, Aspergillus niger, General Medicine, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Hospitals, Infectious Diseases, Aspergillus vadensis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Aspergillus tubingensis, Black aspergilli
Abstract: Black aspergilli of the section Nigri are rarely differentiated at the species level when originating from human specimens. We wondered whether some cryptic species could be more frequently observed in some clinical entities. We analyzed the 198 black isolates consecutively collected from the external ear canal (EEC; n = 66), respiratory specimens (n = 99), and environment (n = 33). DNA was extracted and species identification was performed upon the partial calmodulin gene. We identified by decreasing frequency: Aspergillus welwitschiae (35.3%), Aspergillus tubingensis (34.3%), Aspergillus niger (17.2%), Aspergillus luchuensis (4%), Aspergillus aff. welwitschiae (3%), Aspergillus neoniger (2%), Aspergillus piperis (1.5%), Aspergillus japonicus (1.0%), Aspergillus vadensis (0.5%), and two Aspergillus tubingensis clade (1%). The distribution of the three main cryptic species was different between EEC and respiratory samples (P Lay summary We analyzed 198 black aspergilli isolates collected from different samples type to determine their species identification. We observe a different distribution of species between ear canal and respiratory samples (P
Published: 2021
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29. Global guideline for the diagnosis and management of rare mould infections: an initiative of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology in cooperation with the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology and the American Society for Microbiology

Author: George Dimopoulos, Thomas Lehrnbecher, Sanjay G. Revankar, Chin Fen Neoh, Patrick C. Y. Woo, Retno Wahyuningsih, Sayoki Mfinanga, Rosanne Sprute, Petr Hamal, Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi, Birgit Spiess, Anil Kumar, Galia Rahav, Saad J. Taj-Aldeen, Oliver A. Cornely, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Kerstin Albus, Michaela Lackner, Valentina Arsic-Arsenijevic, Martin Hoenigl, Jacques F. Meis, Philipp Koehler, Malcolm Richardson, Jo Anne H. Young, Tomáš Freiberger, Coleman Rotstein, Jon Salmanton-García, Anuradha Chowdhary, Matteo Bassetti, Rafael F. Duarte, G. Sybren de Hoog, Jannik Stemler, Monica A Slavin, Dorothee Arenz, Juergen Prattes, Marcio Nucci, Adilia Warris, Danila Seidel, Thomas J. Walsh, Thomas R. Rogers, Jeffrey D. Jenks, Thomas F. Patterson, Terrence Rohan Chinniah, Flavio Queiroz-Telles, Fabianne Carlesse, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, food.ingredient, Medical mycology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Mycology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, food, All institutes and research themes of the Radboud University Medical Center, Intensive care, Epidemiology, Medicine, Animals, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Disease management (health), Intensive care medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Societies, Medical, biology, business.industry, Dematiaceous, Fungi, Disease Management, Guideline, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Mycoses, Scopulariopsis, Practice Guidelines as Topic, business, Rasamsonia
Abstract: With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are increasing. Although antifungal prophylaxis has shown effectiveness in preventing many invasive fungal infections, selective pressure has caused an increase of breakthrough infections caused by Fusarium, Lomentospora, and Scedosporium species, as well as by dematiaceous moulds, Rasamsonia, Schizophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Purpureocillium species. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management of infections caused by these pathogens has the potential to improve prognosis. Management routes depend on the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The present recommendations are part of the One World-One Guideline initiative to incorporate regional differences in the epidemiology and management of rare mould infections. Experts from 24 countries contributed their knowledge and analysed published evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of rare mould infections. This consensus document intends to provide practical guidance in clinical decision making by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management. Moreover, we identify areas of uncertainty and constraints in optimising this management.
Published: 2021
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30. Impact of pre-analytic step duration on molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis for five types of biological samples

Author: Hervé Pelloux, Juliette Guitard, Emmanuelle Varlet-Marie, Patrick Bastien, Florence Robert-Gangneux, Yvon Sterkers, Hélène Yera, Marie-Pierre Brenier-Pinchart, Denis Filisetti, Gestionnaire, Hal Sorbonne Université, Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), EHESP-Irset (EHESP-Irset), École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP), Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale (IPPTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CRSA), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), French Ministry of Health, Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine (CR Saint-Antoine), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Time Factors, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Artificial Gene Amplification and Extension, Buffy coat, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Nervous System, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, law.invention, Toxoplasma Gondii, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Medical Conditions, law, Specimen Storage, Medicine and Health Sciences, DNA extraction, Polymerase chain reaction, Whole blood, Cerebrospinal Fluid, Protozoans, Multidisciplinary, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, Eukaryota, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood, Medicine, Female, Anatomy, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Research Article, Science, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Preservation, Biological, Research and Analysis Methods, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Specimen Handling, Andrology, 03 medical and health sciences, Extraction techniques, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Molecular Biology Techniques, Molecular Biology, Protozoan Infections, Organisms, Toxoplasma gondii, Biology and Life Sciences, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Parasitic Protozoans, Bronchoalveolar lavage, Storage and Handling
Abstract: IntroductionToxoplasma-PCR is essential to diagnose ocular, cerebral, disseminated and congenital toxoplasmosis. This multicenter study evaluated the impact of sample storage duration at +4°C on PCR assay performances in order to propose guidelines for the storage of samples during shipment or/and before PCR.Materials and methodsFive matrices, amniotic (AF), cerebrospinal (CSF), and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), whole blood (WB) and buffy coat (BC), were artificially spiked with different amounts ofToxoplasma gondii(20, 100, 500 tachyzoites per mL of sample) or with previously infected THP1 cells. DNA extractions were performed at day 0 and after 2, 4 and 7 days of storage at +4°C. Each extract was amplified at least twice by real-time PCR.ResultsA total of 252 spiked samples was studied. No increase of crossing point was observed and all samples were positive for AF, BALF, BC and infected THP1-spiked WB after up to 7 days at 4°C. For CSF spiked with 20 parasites/mL, only 50% of PCR reactions were positive at D7 (pConclusionThe storage of clinical samples at +4°C is compatible with the molecular detection ofT.gondiiparasites. Provided that PCR assays are performed in duplicate, storage of samples is possible up to 7 days. However, from the fifth day onwards, and for samples susceptible to contain low parasitic loads, we recommend to perform the PCR in multiplicate.
Published: 2021
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31. Validation of Swab Sampling and SYBR Green-Based Real-Time PCR for the Diagnosis of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in French Guiana

Author: D. Blanchet, Marine Ginouves, P. Couppié, Ghislaine Prévot, M. Demar, Cécile Nabet, Romain Blaizot, Christophe Ravel, Stéphane Simon, Département de dermatologie [CH andré-Rosemont, Cayenne], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Biome Tropical et Immuno-Pathophysiologie = Tropical Biome and ImmunoPhysiopathology [Lille] (TBIP), Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Guyane (UG), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses - Laboratoire Associé de Cayenne = National Reference Centre for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (associate laboratory) [Cayenne], Laboratoire de Parasitologie Mycologie, Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de parasitologie - mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), This work did not receive any specific funding but received routine funding from the National Reference Centre for Leishmaniasis., Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Génétique et évolution des maladies infectieuses (GEMI), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Gestionnaire, HAL Sorbonne Université 5
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV.IMM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030231 tropical medicine, Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Sensitivity and Specificity, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, symbols.namesake, cutaneous leishmaniasis, 0302 clinical medicine, Cutaneous leishmaniasis, law, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Sanger sequencing, biology, business.industry, Sampling (statistics), Diagnostic test, DNA, Protozoan, South America, medicine.disease, Leishmania, biology.organism_classification, Virology, French Guiana, 3. Good health, neglected tropical disease, Real-time polymerase chain reaction, PCR, diagnostic test, symbols, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, Parasitology, Cotton swab, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, business, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Abstract: Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing., Recent studies have highlighted the interest in noninvasive sampling procedures coupled with real-time PCR methods for the detection of Leishmania species in South America. In French Guiana, the sampling method still relied on skin biopsies. Noninvasive protocols should be tested on a large annual cohort to improve routine laboratory diagnosis of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of a new Leishmania detection and species identification protocol involving cotton swabs and SYBR green-based real-time PCR of the Hsp70 gene, coupled with Sanger sequencing. Between May 2017 and May 2018, 145 patients with ulcerated lesions compatible with cutaneous leishmaniasis were included in the study at the Cayenne Hospital and its remote health centers. Each patient underwent scrapings for a smear, skin biopsies for parasite culture and PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) (RNA polymerase II), and sampling with a cotton swab for SYBR green-based PCR. The most accurate diagnostic test was the SYBR green-based PCR on swab samples, showing 98% sensitivity. The mean PCR cycle threshold (CT) was 24.4 (minimum CT, 17; maximum CT, 36) and was
Published: 2021
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32. MixInYeast: A Multicenter Study on Mixed Yeast Infections

Author: Julio García-Rodríguez, Lourdes Viñuela, Carole Cassagne, Juergen Prattes, Sevtap Arikan-Akdagli, Stéphane Bretagne, Aleksandra Barac, Juan Carlos Soto-Debran, Patricia Muñoz, Işın Akyar, Tomasz Jagielski, Hamid Badali, Danila Seidel, Carmen Barroso Castro, Rocio Tejero, Ana Perez-Ayala Balzola, Giuliana Lo Cascio, Arunaloke Chakrabarti, Sadegh Khodavaisy, María Carmen Martínez-Rubio, Maite Ruiz Pérez de Pipaón, Thanwa Wongsuk, Teresa Peláez, Ana Alastruey-Izquierdo, Yasemin Cag, Raphael Stauf, Elżbieta Ochman, Jörg Steinmann, Joseph Meletiadis, Ana Isabel Suárez-Barrenechea, Cornelia Lass-Flörl, Laura Trovato, Narda Medina, Celia Cardozo, Emmanuel Roilides, Juliette Guitard, Hossein Zarrinfar, Iwona Żak, Martin Hoenigl, Petr Hamal, Eric Dannaoui, University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Istanbul Medeniyet University [Istanbul, Turquie] (IMU), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education & Research [Chandigarh, India], Dynamic Microbiology - EA 7380 (DYNAMIC), École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA)-Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)-Université Paris-Est (UPE)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC), Medical University of Graz, Department of Applied Microbiology [Warsaw], Institute of Microbiology [Warsaw], Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW)-Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW)-University of Warsaw (UW), Biomedicina, Biotecnología y Salud Pública, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Service de Parasitologie - Mycologie [CHU Saint-Antoine], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), and Acibadem University Dspace
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), polymicrobial infections, medicine.medical_specialty, Medizin, Plant Science, yeast, Article, Microbiology, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Amphotericin B, Biodefense, Epidemiology, Medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, Candida albicans, Prospective cohort study, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Candida, 0303 health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Prevention, Invasive candidiasis, invasive candidiasis, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Yeast, Corpus albicans, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Multicenter study, lcsh:Biology (General), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Antimicrobial Resistance, business, Infection, chrome agar, medicine.drug, mix infections
Abstract: Invasive candidiasis remains one of the most prevalent systemic mycoses, and several studies have documented the presence of mixed yeast (MY) infections. Here, we describe the epidemiology, clinical, and microbiological characteristics of MY infections causing invasive candidiasis in a multicenter prospective study. Thirty-four centers from 14 countries participated. Samples were collected in each center between April to September 2018, and they were sent to a reference center to confirm identification by sequencing methods and to perform antifungal susceptibility testing, according to the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST). A total of 6895 yeast cultures were identified and MY occurred in 150 cases (2.2%). Europe accounted for the highest number of centers, with an overall MY rate of 4.2% (118 out of 2840 yeast cultures). Of 122 MY cases, the most frequent combinations were Candida albicans/C. glabrata (42, 34.4%), C. albicans/C. parapsilosis (17, 14%), and C. glabrata/C. tropicalis (8, 6.5%). All Candida isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, 6.4% were fluconazole-resistant, and two isolates (1.6%) were echinocandin-resistant. Accurate identification of the species involved in MY infections is essential to guide treatment decisions. Funding: research grant and GileadSciences research grant. Sí
Published: 2021
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33. Repurposing of auranofin and honokiol as antifungals against Scedosporium species and the related fungus Lomentospora prolificans

Author: Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Sara Mina, Cindy Staerck, Alphonse Calenda, Hajar Yaakoub, Maxime Fleury, Charlotte Godon, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Honokiol, Antifungal Agents, Auranofin, Thioredoxin reductase, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, LOMENTOSPORA PROLIFICANS, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Fungus, Microbiology, honokiol, Lignans, Scedosporium, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, medicine, lomentospora prolificans, Repurposing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Biphenyl Compounds, auranofin, Drug Repositioning, peroxiredoxin, thioredoxin reductase, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Diseases, chemistry, Parasitology, Peroxiredoxin, Research Article, Research Paper, medicine.drug
Abstract: The slowing-down de novo drug-discovery emphasized the importance of repurposing old drugs. This is particularly true when combating infections caused by therapy-refractory microorganisms, such as Scedosporium species and Lomentospora prolificans. Recent studies on Scedosporium responses to oxidative stress underscored the importance of targeting the underlying mechanisms. Auranofin, ebselen, PX-12, honokiol, and to a lesser extent, conoidin A are known to disturb redox-homeostasis systems in many organisms. Their antifungal activity was assessed against 27 isolates belonging to the major Scedosporium species: S. apiospermum, S. aurantiacum, S. boydii, S. dehoogii, S. minutisporum, and Lomentospora prolificans. Auranofin and honokiol were the most active against all Scedosporium species (mean MIC50 values of 2.875 and 6.143 μg/ml, respectively) and against L. prolificans isolates (mean MIC50 values of 4.0 and 3.563 μg/ml respectively). Combinations of auranofin with voriconazole or honokiol revealed additive effects against 9/27 and 18/27 isolates, respectively. Synergistic interaction between auranofin and honokiol was only found against one isolate of L. prolificans. The effects of auranofin upon exposure to oxidative stress were also investigated. For all species except S. dehoogii, the maximal growth in the presence of auranofin significantly decreased when adding a sublethal dose of menadione. The analysis of the expression of genes encoding oxidoreductase enzymes upon exposure of S. apiospermum to honokiol unveiled the upregulation of many genes, especially those coding peroxiredoxins, thioredoxin reductases, and glutaredoxins. Altogether, these data suggest that auranofin and honokiol act via dampening the redox balance and support their repurposing as antifungals against Scedosporium species and L. prolificans.
Published: 2021
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34. Disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in an infant with CD40L deficiency

Author: Fleur Dupuy, Coralie L'Ollivier, Frédéric Dalle, Arthur Sterin, Stéphane Valot, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Laboratoire de parasitologie mycologie (CHU de Dijon), Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), ANR-10-IAHU-0003,Méditerranée Infection,I.H.U. Méditerranée Infection(2010), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Cryptosporidium infection, 030106 microbiology, Cryptosporidium, Case Report, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMethodologies_COMPUTERGRAPHICS, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, CD40, biology, business.industry, Nitazoxanide, Aplasia, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, biology.protein, Digestive tract, CD40L deficiency, business, Cryptosporidium hominis, After treatment, medicine.drug, Disseminated
Abstract: Graphical abstract, The protozoan Cryptosporidium affects the digestive tract of humans and animals. Cryptosporidiosis leads to diarrhoea mimicking a cholera-like course with dehydration and may even result in death in immunodeficient patients, as patients with hyper-IgM syndrome. We describe a rare case of disseminated Cryptosporidium infection in a seven- year-old boy with CD40 L deficiency. During the pre-graft phase, the patient presented an intestinal cryptosporidiosis which became complicated few days later during the aplasia period with a cholangitis and pulmonary cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium hominis was identified. After treatment with nitazoxanide and azithromycine the patient was doing well.
Published: 2021
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35. Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of Aspergillus clinical isolates in Lebanon

Author: Marwan Osman, Nicolas Papon, Monzer Hamze, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Hassan Mallat, Fouad Dabboussi, Marcel El Achcar, Baraa Hamze, Baptiste Bidon, Ayate Zakaria, Eric Dannaoui, Cynthia Abboud, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), SFR UA 4208 Interactions Cellulaires et Applications Thérapeutiques (ICAT), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), and PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Voriconazole, 0303 health sciences, Aspergillus, Posaconazole, biology, 030306 microbiology, Itraconazole, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Aspergillus niger, Drug resistance, Gene mutation, biology.organism_classification, Microbiology, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, Amphotericin B, medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Aim: We sought to provide first insights into the epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility patterns of the aspergilli in Lebanon. Materials & methods: After species identification, antifungal susceptibility was investigated according to EUCAST recommendations. CYP51A gene was sequenced in resistant isolates and its expression level was evaluated by Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Results: Among the 73 Aspergillus isolates studied (mostly from ears), the predominant species was Aspergillus niger (54.8%). The overall drug resistance was highest for amphotericin B (38.4%), followed by itraconazole (31.5%), posaconazole (30.1%) and voriconazole (23.3%). In addition, CYP51A gene mutations were not the major cause of azole resistance among these isolates. Conclusion: Our findings indicate the paramount need for an integral One Health strategy and a national reference center for invasive mycoses and antifungals.
Published: 2021
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36. Late clinical failure associated with cytochrome b codon 268 mutation during treatment of falciparum malaria with atovaquone–proguanil in traveller returning from Congo

Author: Christelle Pomares, Bruno Pradines, Pierre-Yves Jeandel, Isabelle Fonta, Pierre Marty, Alicia Chevalier, Pascal Delaunay, Nicolas Benoit, Joel Mosnier, Laurencie Massamba, V. Mondain, Marylin Madamet, Rémy Amalvict, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, myalgia, Resistance, Drug Resistance, Case Report, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Malaria, Falciparum, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Travel, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Cytochromes b, Middle Aged, Artemisinins, 3. Good health, Drug Combinations, Infectious Diseases, Congo, Proguanil, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Quinolines, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Atovaquone, Anti-malarial drug, medicine.drug, Cycloguanil, medicine.medical_specialty, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, Plasmodium falciparum, Cytochrome b, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Antimalarials, In vitro, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Internal medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Codon, business.industry, Phenanthrenes, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Atovaquone/proguanil, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Malaria, Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase, Parasitology, Mutation, business
Abstract: Background The drug combination atovaquone–proguanil, is recommended for treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in France. Despite high efficacy, atovaquone–proguanil treatment failures have been reported. Resistance to cycloguanil, the active metabolite of proguanil, is conferred by multiple mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase (pfdhfr) and resistance to atovaquone by single mutation on codon 268 of the cytochrome b gene (pfcytb). Case presentation A 47-year-old female, native from Congo and resident in France, was admitted in hospital for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with parasitaemia of 0.5%, after travelling in Congo (Brazzaville and Pointe Noire). She was treated with atovaquone–proguanil (250 mg/100 mg) 4 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. On day 5 after admission she was released home. However, many weeks after this episode, without having left France, she again experienced fever and intense weakness. On day 39 after the beginning of treatment, she consulted for fever, arthralgia, myalgia, photophobia, and blurred vision. She was hospitalized for uncomplicated falciparum malaria with a parasitaemia of 0.375% and treated effectively by piperaquine–artenimol (320 mg/40 mg) 3 tablets daily for 3 consecutive days. Resistance to atovaquone–proguanil was suspected. The Y268C mutation was detected in all of the isolates tested (D39, D42, D47). The genotyping of the pfdhfr gene showed a triple mutation (N51I, C59R, S108N) involved in cycloguanil resistance. Conclusion This is the first observation of a late clinical failure of atovaquone–proguanil treatment of P. falciparum uncomplicated malaria associated with pfcytb 268 mutation in a traveller returning from Congo. These data confirm that the Y268C mutation is associated with delayed recrudescence 4 weeks or more after initial treatment. Although atovaquone–proguanil treatment failures remain rare, an increased surveillance is required. It is essential to declare and publish all well-documented cases of treatment failures because it is the only way to evaluate the level of resistance to atovaquone.
Published: 2020
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37. Bed bug bites

Author: Pascal Delaunay, Philippe Parola, M. Benzaquen, Jean-Michel Berenger, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA)
Subjects: Bedbugs, 030231 tropical medicine, Dermatology, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bed bug, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Animals, Humans, Medicine, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Insecticide resistance, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Cimex lectularius, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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38. Anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae IgG and IgA antibodies are associated with systemic inflammation and advanced disease in hidradenitis suppurativa

Author: Hervé Bachelez, Florence Tubach, Asma Smahi, Pascal Richette, Florence Assan, Francis Derouin, François Aubin, Said Lebbah, Marine Madrange, Boualem Sendid, Emmanuel Delaporte, Stéphane Bretagne, Emilie Sbidian, E. Pape, Jeremy Gottlieb, Geoffroy Hickman, Nicolas Guigue, Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IMAGINE - U1163), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hopital Saint-Louis [AP-HP] (AP-HP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Lille Inflammation Research International Center - U 995 (LIRIC), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Department of Dermatology (CHU Besançon), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Biologie de l'Os et du Cartilage : Régulations et Ciblages Thérapeutiques (BIOSCAR (UMR_S_1132 / U1132)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service de dermatologie [Mondor], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Henri Mondor-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Adult, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Immunology, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Systemic inflammation, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Advanced disease, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, Hidradenitis suppurativa, Antibodies, Fungal, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Inflammation, 0303 health sciences, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Hidradenitis Suppurativa, Immunoglobulin A, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Antibody, business
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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39. Free-living amoebae promote Candida auris survival and proliferation in water

Author: Florent Hubert, Marie‐Hélène Rodier, Kévin Brunet, Alida Minoza, Vincent Portet-Sulla, Estelle Cateau, Université de Poitiers - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Poitiers, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), and Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Antifungal, Vermamoeba vermiformis, medicine.drug_class, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], yeasts, environmental mycology, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, protozoa, 010608 biotechnology, Candida albicans, Water environment, medicine, Amoeba, Candida, Cell Proliferation, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, pathogenesis, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, biology.organism_classification, Yeast, infection, Candida auris, Protozoa, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Cell culture supernatant, Water Microbiology
Abstract: International audience; Candida auris is an emerging species responsible for life-threatening infections. Its ability to be resistant to most systemic antifungal classes and its capacity to persist in a hospital environment have led to health concerns. Currently, data about environmental reservoirs are limited but remain essential in control of C. auris spread. The aim of our study was to explore the interactions between C. auris and two free-living amoeba (FLA) species, Vermamoeba vermiformis and Acanthamoeba castellanii, potentially found in the same water environment. Candida auris was incubated with FLA trophozoites or their culture supernatants. The number of FLA and yeasts was determined at different times and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed. Supernatants of FLAs promoted yeast survival and proliferation. Internalization of viable C. auris within both FLA species was also evidenced by TEM. A water environmental reservoir of C. auris can therefore be considered through FLAs and contamination of the hospital water networks would consequently be possible.
Published: 2020
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40. Answer to July 2020 Photo Quiz

Author: Estelle Cateau, Mélanie Catroux, Sophie Pasini, Hélène Yera, Marie-Hélène Rodier, Kévin Brunet, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU de Poitiers), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Pharmacologie des anti-infectieux (PHAR), Université de Poitiers-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité Maladies Infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Poitiers], Service de Médecine Interne, Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Poitiers], Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers)-Centre hospitalier universitaire de Poitiers (CHU Poitiers), Service de parasitologie-mycologie [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Université Paris Descartes - Faculté de Médecine (UPD5 Médecine), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Ecologie et biologie des interactions (EBI), Université de Poitiers-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Chauzy, Alexia
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Photo Quiz, Biology, DNA sequencing, 03 medical and health sciences, 5S ribosomal RNA, 0302 clinical medicine, Intergenic region, dirofilariasis, Dirofilariasis, parasitic diseases, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Internal transcribed spacer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, [SDV.SP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Dirofilaria repens, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.SP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences, Parasitology
Abstract: Answer: Dirofilariasis due to Dirofilaria repens. The worm was submitted to the parasitology laboratory for identification. A diagnosis of probable dirofilariasis was considered and confirmed by positive PCR and DNA sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer 2 and 5S rRNA intergenic regions (
Published: 2020
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41. Dormancy in Cryptococcus neoformans: 60 years of accumulating evidence

Author: Alexandre Alanio, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris], Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris], No funding sources supported this work., Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)
Subjects: [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Viable but nonculturable, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Organism, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, Cryptococcus neoformans, 0303 health sciences, Virulence, biology, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Review Series, Cryptococcosis, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Adaptation, Physiological, Yeast, Dormancy, Adaptation
Abstract: International audience; Cryptococcus neoformans is an opportunistic yeast that is present worldwide and interacts with various organisms. In humans, it is responsible for cryptococcosis, a deadly invasive fungal infection that represents around 220,000 cases per year worldwide. Starting from the natural history of the disease in humans, there is accumulating evidence on the capacity of this organism to enter dormancy. In response to the harsh host environment, the yeast is able to adapt dramatically and escape the vigilance of the host's immune cells to survive. Indeed, the yeast exposed to the host takes on pleiotropic phenotypes, enabling the generation of populations in heterogeneous states, including dormancy, to eventually survive at low metabolic cost and revive in favorable conditions. The concept of dormancy has been validated in C. neoformans from both epidemiological and genotyping data, and more recently from the biological point of view with the characterization of dormancy through the description of viable but nonculturable cells.
Published: 2020
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42. Prevalence of putative invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in critically ill patients with COVID-19

Author: Bruno Mégarbane, Sarah Dellière, Stéphane Bretagne, Alexandre Alanio, Sofiane Fodil, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Mycologie moléculaire - Molecular Mycology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de Référence Mycoses Invasives et Antifongiques - National Reference Center Invasive Mycoses & Antifungals (CNRMA), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Service de réanimation médicale, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Service de Réanimation Médicale et Toxicologique [Hôpital Lariboisière], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Lariboisière-Fernand-Widal [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université de Paris (UP), Université de Paris (UP), and Alanio, Alexandre
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Pneumonia, Viral, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, [SDV.BID.SPT] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Pandemic, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pandemics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Aged, Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis, 0303 health sciences, biology, 030306 microbiology, Critically ill, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.MP.MYC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Virology, 3. Good health, Pneumonia, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020
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43. Evaluation of six commercial kits for the serological diagnosis of Mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis

Author: Coralie L'Ollivier, Emilie Battery, Laurence Lachaud, Karim Aoun, Pascal Delaunay, Badre Eddine Lmimouni, Judith Fillaux, Christelle Pomares, Patrick Bastien, Charles Mary, Maude F. Lévêque, Biologie, Génétique et Pathologie des Pathogènes Eucaryotes (MIVEGEC-BioGEPPE), Pathogènes, Environnement, Santé Humaine (EPATH), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses [CHRU Montpellier] (CNR-L), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Université de Montpellier (UM), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université Mohammed V de Rabat [Agdal] (UM5), Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules (LR11IPT06), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Tunis El Manar (UTM), Vecteurs - Infections tropicales et méditerranéennes (VITROME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Centre National de Référence des Leishmanioses (LL & PB) received financial support from Santé Publique France (ministry of Health)., We are grateful to Patricia Gasq, Patrick Lami, Marie-Line Loiry for technical assistance and Nicolas Molinari for help in conception of the study., Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), University of Mohammed V, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Kala-azar, Leishmania IgG, RC955-962, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Serology, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zoonoses, Medicine and Health Sciences, Mass Screening, Enzyme assays, Enzyme-linked immunoassays, Leishmania infantum, Child, Leishmaniasis, Protozoans, Aged, 80 and over, Immunoassay, Leishmania, education.field_of_study, Serodiagnosis, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Mediterranean Region, Eukaryota, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Morocco, Infectious Diseases, Bioassays and Physiological Analysis, Child, Preschool, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Leishmaniasis, Visceral, Female, France, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, Tunisia, Adolescent, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Research and Analysis Methods, Sensitivity and Specificity, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, [SDV.MHEP.CSC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Cardiology and cardiovascular system, Diagnostic Medicine, parasitic diseases, medicine, Parasitic Diseases, Humans, Serologic Tests, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, education, Immunoassays, Aged, Protozoan Infections, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Serum samples, Tropical Diseases, Virology, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Parasitic Protozoans, 030104 developmental biology, Visceral leishmaniasis, Immunologic Techniques, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic, business, Biochemical Analysis, Asymptomatic carrier
Abstract: Background Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is endemic in the Mediterranean basin. However, large-scale comparative analyses of the commercial kits for the serological diagnosis of this neglected disease are lacking. This study compared the performances of four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) and two immunochromatographic tests (ICT) as screening tests for the serodiagnosis of human VL in the Mediterranean region. Methodology/Principal findings Serum samples from 319 patients living in France, Tunisia or Morocco were tested using two ICT (IT LEISH and TruQuick LEISH IgG/IgM Meridian) and four ELISA reagents (NovaLisa Leishmania infantum IgG, Bordier Leishmania infantum, Ridascreen Leishmania IgG, and Vircell Leishmania). The population with proven VL (n = 181) included 65 immunocompromised patients. Significantly higher percentages of false-negative results were obtained with all assays in immunocompromised patients, compared with the immunocompetent population. In the whole population, sensitivity and specificity ranged from 80.7% to 93.9% and from 95.7% to 100%, respectively. The maximum accuracy was observed with the Bordier and Vircell ELISA kits (96.2%), and the lowest accuracy with Ridascreen reagent (88.7%). New thresholds of positivity are proposed for the Bordier, Vircell and NovaLisa ELISA kits to achieve 95% sensitivity with the highest possible specificity. Western blot (WB), used as a confirmation method, showed 100% sensitivity and identified 10.1% of asymptomatic carriers among the control population from the South of France. Conclusions/Significance This is the first study that compared commercially available kits for VL serodiagnosis in the endemic region of the Mediterranean basin. It provides specific information about the tests’ performance to help clinicians and biologists to select the right assay for VL screening., Author summary Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a neglected disease endemic in the Mediterranean region, caused by Leishmania infantum. Accurate VL diagnosis is critical for rapid and correct patient management. Various serological tests are used, including commercial kits that require qualifications with specific information about their performance. In this study, we compared the performance of six commercial kits, two immunochromatographic tests (ICT; IT LEISH and TruQuick LEISH IgG/IgM Meridian) and four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA; NovaLisa Leishmania infantum IgG, Bordier Leishmania infantum, Ridascreen Leishmania IgG, and Vircell Leishmania), available in France and used as screening tests. The Bordier and Vircell ELISA reagents displayed the highest analytic performance compared with all the other kits. However, no test displayed 95% sensitivity at the thresholds recommended by the manufacturers. To reach this sensitivity value with the highest possible specificity, new thresholds are proposed for the Bordier, Vircell and NovaLisa ELISA reagents. Positive and negative results obtained with the six screening tests were confirmed by Western blot (100% sensitivity). Overall, this study presents a comparative analysis of commercially available kits for the serodiagnosis of human VL and provides additional information on the prevalence of asymptomatic carriers in the Mediterranean basin.
Published: 2020
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44. Evaluation of psychiatric hospital wastewater toxicity: what is its impact on aquatic organisms?

Author: Pierre Marty, Axelle Chiffre, Florence Geret, Hélène Budzinski, Jean-Yves Mazzitelli, Adeline François, Olivier Geffard, Jérôme Cachot, Elsa Bonnafé, Biochimie et Toxicologie des Substances Bioactives (BTSB), Institut national universitaire Champollion [Albi] (INUC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Milieux aquatiques, écologie et pollutions (UR MALY), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), This work was supported by ANSES, the Adour-Garonne Water Agency, and the Midi-Pyrénées region., Laboratoire de Physico -& Toxico Chimie des systèmes naturels (LPTC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie, Nice, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - UFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: Hospitals, Psychiatric, Aquatic Organisms, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Wastewater effluents, Oryzias, Radix peregra, Wastewater, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Freshwater snail, Rivers, Freshwater amphipod, Aquatic macroinvertebrates, Animals, Environmental Chemistry, Ecotoxicology, Amphipoda, Reproductive effects, Effluent, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Planarian, Japanese medaka fish, biology, Hatching, Psychotropics, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, Pollution, Crustacean, 6. Clean water, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Environmental chemistry, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Sewage treatment, [SDV.TOX.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Toxicology/Ecotoxicology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract: International audience; The primary source of pharmaceuticals to the aquatic environment is the discharge of wastewater effluents. Pharmaceuticals are a large and diverse group of compounds. Among them, psychotropic substances are particularly interesting to study due to their specific known mode of action. The present study was performed to investigate the effects of wastewater effluents from a psychiatric hospital wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) on several aquatic organisms. All the analyzed pharmaceuticals (10 compounds) were detected in WWTP effluents as well as in the receiving river. Although the environmental concentrations were generally at trace levels (ng L−1 to μg L−1), induce toxic effects were observed. This study showed the effects of the WWTP effluents on the oogenesis and/or embryogenesis of amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum, Japanese fish medaka Oryzias latipes, mollusk Radix peregra, and planarian Schmidtea polychroa. A decrease of the number of oocytes and produced embryos was observed for G. fossarum and S. polychroa. Similarly, the hatching rate of R. peregra was affected by effluents. In the receiving river, the macroinvertebrate community was affected by the wastewater effluents discharge.
Published: 2018
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45. Polymorphism study of Cryptosporidium hominis gp60 subtypes circulating in Tunisia

Author: Jean Menotti, Hanen Chelbi, Ines Bensghair, Rym Essid, Aïda Bouratbine, E. Siala, Laboratoire de Parasitologie Médicale, Biotechnologies et Biomolécules (LR11IPT06), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie [CHU Saint Louis, Paris], Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Subgenotypes, MESH: Feces/parasitology, MESH: Cryptosporidiosis/epidemiology, Genes, Protozoan, Cryptosporidiosis, HIV Infections, MESH: Tunisia/epidemiology, 18S ribosomal RNA, MESH: Genotype, Feces, MESH: Cryptosporidium/genetics, MESH: Cryptosporidiosis/transmission, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Child, Epidemiology, Genotype, Prevalence, MESH: Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Genetic Variation, Child, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, Cross Infection, biology, Cryptosporidium, 18S rRNA, MESH: Cryptosporidiosis/parasitology, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Immunocompromised patients, Restriction fragment length polymorphism, MESH: RNA, Ribosomal, 18S/genetics, Cryptosporidium hominis, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Tunisia, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, MESH: Sequence Alignment, MESH: DNA, Protozoan, MESH: HIV Infections/complications, Microbiology, MESH: Cryptosporidium/isolation & purification, Immunocompromised Host, MESH: Polymorphism, Genetic, 03 medical and health sciences, GP60 polymorphism, RNA, Ribosomal, 18S, medicine, Humans, MESH: Prevalence, Genetic diversity, Polymorphism, Genetic, MESH: Humans, MESH: Child, Preschool, Genetic Variation, MESH: Cross Infection, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, DNA, Protozoan, biology.organism_classification, Virology, MESH: Genes, Protozoan/genetics, Immunocompetent children, Sequence Alignment, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Cryptosporidium spp. are a major cause of gastrointestinal diseases in humans worldwide. While a single subtype of Cryptosporidium hominis has been shown to be responsible for several large outbreaks related to water contamination in developed countries, little is known about the epidemiology of C. hominis in developing countries. This study reports the first genetic characterization of C. hominis at the subtype level in several human populations in Tunisia using the gp60 gene. Eighteen isolates were identified as C. hominis by a restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The prevalence of this species in different human populations ranges from 1.53% to 13.04% with a high prevalence being reported in immunocompromised children (13.04%) followed by patients with malignent myeloma (5.5%) and HIV-infected patients (4.59%). The gp60 analysis on C. hominis isolates, performed in 14 cases, showed the presence of a single subtype family: "Ia". Different subtypes were identified within this family (A11G1R1, A12R3, A23G1R1, A26G1R1, A27G1R1, A28G1R1). The IaA26G1R1 subtype was the most dominant subtype described in this area (50%). Despite the high genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium spp, a low heterogeneity at the subtype level was observed within C. hominis circulating in Tunisia. This distribution is an indicator for intensive and stable anthroponotic cryptosporidiosis in this region. Besides, the presence of a unique genotype in 5 HIV-infected patients attending the same hospital ward suggests the possible occurrence of hospital-acquired infection and underlines the need to implement preventive measures to avoid nosocomial transmission.
Published: 2017
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46. Pneumocystis jirovecii Diversity in Réunion, an Overseas French Island in Indian Ocean

Author: Solène Le Gal, Gautier Hoarau, Antoine Bertolotti, Steven Negri, Nathan Le Nan, Jean-Philippe Bouchara, Nicolas Papon, Denis Blanchet, Magalie Demar, Gilles Nevez, Groupe d'Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (GEIHP), Université d'Angers (UA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologiede [CHRU Brest], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Brest (CHRU Brest), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (CHU d'Angers), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire d'Angers (CHU Angers), PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM), Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), and Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lcsh:QR1-502, Zoology, Pneumocystis pneumonia, Microbiology, lcsh:Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, genotypes, Genotype, parasitic diseases, medicine, Pneumocystis jirovecii, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, 030304 developmental biology, Original Research, 0303 health sciences, Genetic diversity, Réunion, biology, 030306 microbiology, Cytochrome b, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, French Guiana, Metropolitan France, Indian ocean, multilocus sequence typing (MLST), Geography, Multilocus sequence typing, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, France
Abstract: Data on Pneumocystis jirovecii characteristics from the overseas French territories are still scarce whereas numerous data on P. jirovecii genotypes are available for metropolitan France. The main objective of the present study was to identify P. jirovecii multilocus genotypes in patients living in Réunion and to compare them with those identified using the same method in metropolitan France and in French Guiana. Archival P. jirovecii specimens from immunosuppressed patients, 16 living in Réunion (a French island of the Indian ocean), six living in French Guiana (a South-American French territory), and 24 living in Brest (Brittany, metropolitan France) were examined at the large subunit rRNA (mtLSUrRNA) genes, cytochrome b (CYB), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) genes using PCR assays and direct sequencing. A total of 23 multi-locus genotypes (MLG) were identified combining mtLSUrRNA, CYB, and SOD alleles, i.e., six in Reunionese patients, three in Guianese patients, and 15 in Brest patients. Only one MLG (mtLSU1-CYB1-SOD2) was shared by Reunionese and Guianese patients (one patient from each region) whereas none of the 22 remaining MLG were shared by the 3 patient groups. A total of eight MLG were newly identified, three in Réunion and five in Brest. These results that were obtained through a retrospective investigation of a relatively low number of P. jirovecii specimens, provides original and first data on genetic diversity of P. jirovecii in Réunion island. The results suggest that P. jirovecii organisms from Réunion present specific characteristics compared to other P. jirovecii organisms from metropolitan France and French Guiana.
Published: 2020
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47. First isolation and molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains from human congenital toxoplasmosis cases in Monastir, tunisia

Author: Ibtissem Lahmar, Arwa Lachkhem, Hamouda Babba, Aida Trabelsi, Karine Passebosc-Faure, Marie Laure Dardé, Oussama Babba, Darine Slama, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire [Monastir, Tunisie] (LP3M-LR12ES08), Département de Biologie Clinique B [Monastir, Tunisie], Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM)-Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Centre de maternité et de néonatologie de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This study was funded by the Tunisian Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), and Bodescot, Myriam
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Genotyping Techniques, Epidemiology, Placenta, Antibodies, Protozoan, lcsh:Medicine, Toxoplasmosis, Congenital, Mice, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Prenatal Diagnosis, Spiramycin, Genotype, lcsh:Science, Molecular Epidemiology, Multidisciplinary, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Parasite biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Biological Assay, Female, Toxoplasma, [SDV.MP.PAR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Maternal Age, Adult, Tunisia, 030231 tropical medicine, 030106 microbiology, [SDV.MHEP.GEO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Article, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.MP.PAR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Parasitology, Genotyping, Retrospective Studies, Molecular epidemiology, lcsh:R, Infant, Newborn, Toxoplasma gondii, DNA, Protozoan, Amniotic Fluid, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Toxoplasmosis, [SDV.MHEP.GEO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Gynecology and obstetrics, Multilocus sequence typing, lcsh:Q, Follow-Up Studies, Microsatellite Repeats, Multilocus Sequence Typing
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoon parasite that can cause severe clinical problems such as congenital toxoplasmosis. The distribution of T. gondii genotypes varies from one geographic area to another. So far, little is known about the parasite genotypes in Tunisia, North Africa. The present study aimed isolating and genotyping T. gondii from the amniotic fluid (AF) and placenta of pregnant women in Monastir, Tunisia. Amniotic fluid and/or placenta from 80 women who acquired toxoplasma infection during pregnancy were tested by PCR and/or mouse bioassay. Genotyping of T. gondii isolates from these samples was performed with 15 microsatellite markers. Four viable T. gondii strains were isolated from either the AF or placenta of four women. Specifically, strains TUN001-MON1 and TUN002-MON2 were isolated from both the AF and placenta, TUN003-AHA from only the placenta, and TUN004-NEL from only the AF. The four viable strains were not virulent for mice. Genotyping revealed that the four strains were type II strains. This is the first report on isolation and genotyping of T. gondii from AF human samples in Tunisia. Further studies focused on T. gondii genotyping on a larger number of human cases and on animals in Tunisia are needed to improve the knowledge and epidemiology of toxoplasmosis.
Published: 2020
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48. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among healthy blood donors in two locations in Tunisia and associated risk factors

Author: Ibtissem Lahmar, Aurélien Mercier, Arwa Lachkhem, Lokman Galal, Marie-Laure Dardé, Ahmed Lachkhem, Hamouda Babba, Mohssen Hassine, Habib Mezhoud, Oussama Babba, Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie Médicale et Moléculaire [Monastir, Tunisie] (LP3M-LR12ES08), Département de Biologie Clinique B [Monastir, Tunisie], Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM)-Faculté de Pharmacie [Monastir] (FPHM), Neuroépidémiologie Tropicale (NET), Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-CHU Limoges-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de maternité et de néonatologie de Monastir, CHU Fattouma Bourguiba [Monastir] (HFB), Centre National de Référence (CNR) Toxoplasmose/Toxoplasma Biological Resource Center (BRC) (CNR Toxoplasmose-Toxoplasma BRC), CHU Limoges, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut d'Epidémiologie Neurologique et de Neurologie Tropicale-CHU Limoges-Institut Génomique, Environnement, Immunité, Santé, Thérapeutique (GEIST), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), and Grelier, Elisabeth
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, Multivariate analysis, Veterinary (miscellaneous), medicine.medical_treatment, 030231 tropical medicine, Antibodies, Protozoan, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, 11. Sustainability, Epidemiology, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Seroprevalence, risk factors, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, seroprevalence, toxoplasma gondii, Toxoplasma gondii, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, tunisia, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Infectious Diseases, Immunoglobulin M, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunoglobulin G, Insect Science, Immunology, Cats, biology.protein, blood donors, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Female, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Antibody, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Research Article
Abstract: Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can be transmitted to humans through a variety of routes including blood transfusion. This study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of T . gondii infection and associated risk factors in healthy blood donors in Tunisia. A total of 800 healthy blood donors from two blood centers in south and coastal Tunisia were analyzed for anti- T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and enzyme-linked immunoassays (ELISA), respectively. Structured questionnaires were used to gather information on risk factors for T . gondii infection during collection. The overall seroprevalence was 44.4% of which 352 (44%) and 3 (0.4%) were positive for IgG and both IgG and IgM anti- T. gondii antibodies, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T. gondii seropositivity was significantly associated with the birth place (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 2.72; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.49–4.94) and the age of the donors (adjusted OR = 4.98; 95% CI: 1.50–16.58) which are independent risk factors. In addition, the variables of hand washing before eating (adjusted OR = 0.52; 95% CI: 0.37–0.74) and living in an urban environment (adjusted OR = 0.30; 95% CI: 0.13–0.71) are two protective factors. This study provided the first data on the seroprevalence and epidemiology of T. gondii infection in healthy blood donors in Tunisia., Toxoplasma gondii est un parasite protozoaire qui peut être transmis à l’homme par diverses voies, dont la transfusion sanguine. Cette étude vise à étudier la séroprévalence de l’infection à T. gondii et les facteurs de risque associés chez les donneurs de sang sains en Tunisie. Au total, huit cents donneurs de sang sains de deux centres de transfusion sanguine du sud et de la côte tunisienne ont été analysés respectivement pour la recherche des anticorps IgG et IgM anti- T. gondii par immunofluorescence indirecte (IFA) et par dosage immuno-enzymatique (ELISA). Des questionnaires structurés ont été utilisés pour recueillir des informations sur les facteurs de risque d’infection à T. gondii pendant la collecte. La séroprévalence globale était de 44,4 % dont 352 (44 %) et 3 (0,4 %) étaient respectivement positifs pour les anticorps IgG et IgG/IgM anti- T. gondii . Une analyse multivariée a montré que la séropositivité à T. gondii était significativement associée au lieu de naissance (rapport de côtes ajusté [OR] = 2,72 ; intervalle de confiance à 95 % [IC] : 1,49–4,94) et à l’âge des donneurs (OR ajusté = 4,98 ; IC 95 % : 1,50–16,58) qui sont des facteurs de risque indépendants. De plus, le lavage des mains avant de manger (OR ajusté = 0,52 ; IC 95 % : 0,37–0,74) et vivre dans un milieu urbain (OR ajusté = 0,30 ; IC 95 % : 0,13–0,71) sont deux facteurs de protection. Cette étude a fourni les premières données sur la séroprévalence et l’épidémiologie de l’infection à T. gondii chez les donneurs de sang sains en Tunisie.
Published: 2020
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49. Angiostrongylus cantonensis Infection of Central Nervous System, Guiana Shield

Author: Emma Cuadro-Alvarez, Elise Martin, Loïc Epelboin, Antoine Defo, Céline Dard, Annabelle Brunelin, Dorothée Harrois, Yvonne Qvarnstrom, Narcisse Elenga, Falucar Njuieyon, Magalie Demar, Yajaira Mrsic, Fanny Henaff, Denis Blanchet, Nicole Desbois-Nogard, Noémie Lachaume, Chimène Maniassom, Service de Pédiatrie [Cayenne, Guyanne Française], Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Groupe d'histoire et diffusion des sciences d'Orsay (GHDSO), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Unité des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales (UMIT), Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale [CH Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe], Centre Hospitalier de Basse-Terre [Guadeloupe], Laboratoire de Microbiologie, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Department of parasitic diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Medicine Department, Ecosystemes Amazoniens et Pathologie Tropicale (EPat), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Guyane (UG), Laboratoire de parasitologie-mycologie, CHU Grenoble, EA 3593 Université des Antilles et de la Guyane, Service de Pédiatrie, and Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Eosinophilic Meningitis, Epidemiology, Central nervous system, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, parasites, Angiostrongylus cantonensis infection, Transverse myelitis, Serology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Cerebrospinal fluid, 0302 clinical medicine, transverse myelitis, eosinophilic meningitis, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, parasitic diseases, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, medicine.anatomical_structure, Infectious Diseases, Guiana Shield, nematodes, Angiostrongyliasis, meningitis/encephalitis, business
Abstract: International audience; We report a case of eosinophilic meningitis complicated by transverse myelitis caused by Angiostrongylus cantonensis in a 10-year-old boy from Brazil who had traveled to Suriname. We confirmed diagnosis by serology and real-time PCR in the cerebrospinal fluid. The medical community should be aware of angiostrongyliasis in the Guiana Shield.
Published: 2018
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50. Serological diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii

Author: Pierre Marty, Isabelle Villena, Judith Fillaux, Aurélie Guigon, Loïc Simon, Christelle Pomares, Rose-Anne Lavergne, Odile Villard, Inserm U1065, Centre Méditerranéen de Médecine Moléculaire, Pharmacochimie et Biologie pour le Développement (PHARMA-DEV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB) - Hôpital Purpan, Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Département de Radiologie [HCL, Lyon], Hospices civils de Lyon (HCL), Institut de Parasitologie et de Pathologie Tropicale (IPPTS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire de Parasitologie-Mycologie (LPM), IFR 53, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-CHU Maison Blanche-UPRES EA 2070, Laboratoire de recherche en Hydrodynamique, Énergétique et Environnement Atmosphérique (LHEEA), École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Infections Parasitaires : Transmission, Physiopathologie et Thérapeutiques (IP-TPT), Service de Santé des Armées-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Toxoplasma p35 Study Group, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT), Service de Parasitologie et Mycologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre Hospitalier Régional d'Orléans (CHRO), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Université de Nantes (UN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Service de Santé des Armées
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Antibodies, Protozoan, Serology, Hammondia hammondi, 0302 clinical medicine, Child, Aged, 80 and over, 0303 health sciences, biology, Middle Aged, Neospora caninum, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Research Article, Adult, Adolescent, IgG, Veterinary (miscellaneous), 030231 tropical medicine, Toxoplasma gondii, Cross Reactions, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, False-positive, Antigen, parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, False Positive Reactions, Serologic Tests, Aged, Pregnancy, Fetus, 030306 microbiology, ved/biology, Infant, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Architect, Insect Science, Immunoglobulin G, Immunology, Animal Science and Zoology, Parasitology, Reagent Kits, Diagnostic
Abstract: Background: Primary infection byToxoplasma gondiiin pregnant women can result in serious outcomes for the foetus. A false-positive IgG result during pregnancy can lead to a misdiagnosis of past infection and to stopping preventive measures. We collected 189 sera with positive Architect®Toxo IgG assay (Abbott Laboratories) and negative IgG results with at least two other serological tests, in order to find an explanation for the suspected false-positive IgG results. We used therecomLine Toxoplasma IgG®immunoblot (Mikrogen Diagnostik) to search for specific antigenic reactivities of the sera, and the LDBio Toxo II IgG®immunoblot (LDBio Diagnostics) as a confirmatory test.Results: The bands GRA8 and/or GRA7 were positive for 148 samples (78.3%). GRA8 was the most frequent band, appearing in 133 patterns (70.4%), whereas GRA7 was present for 49 samples (25.9%). Of the 81 samples tested with LDBio®, 23 (28.4%) turned out to be positive. Of the 58 negative LDBio®tests (71.6%) (real false-positive Architect®IgG), 23 samples (39.6%) did not show either a GRA8 or p30 band byrecomLine®. Their false positivity with Architect®remains unexplained since Abbott uses these two recombinant antigens for their assay.Conclusions: The Architect®IgG false positivity forT. gondiiseems to be due to reactivity against GRA8 for the majority of the sera and GRA7 to a lesser extent. The hypothesis of past contact with parasites genetically close toT. gondiisuch asHammondia hammondiorNeospora caninumseems promising and should be assessed further.
Published: 2019
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