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AbstractObesity alters lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, which has an impact on micronutrient status. Zinc affects lipid and glucose metabolism while also acting as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant in various physiological processes. It has a direct effect on the insulin-signaling system and acts as an insulin mimic. In this study we predicted that zinc deficiency in obese Serbian adults affects anthropometric parameters, lipid and glucose metabolic profiles, inflammation, and atherosclerotic markers. We conducted a case-control study with 31 adult obese individuals and 31 controls. Different methods were used to determine the values of anthropometric and biochemical parameters. Obese participants had significantly decreased serum zinc levels compared to controls (p < .01). In obese subjects, there is a significant negative correlation between zinc and body weight (ρ = −0.324, p < .05), body mass index (ρ = −0.351, p < .05), body fat mass (%) (ρ = −0.431, p = .006), and triglycerides (ρ = −0.317, p < .05), as well as a positive correlation between zinc and high-density lipoproteins (ρ = +0.453, p < .01) and lipoprotein (a) (ρ = +0.417, p < .01). Atherosclerotic index and lipoprotein (a) were significantly related to zinc (p = .0022 and p = .0016, respectively) independently of each other in obese subjects. Our results suggest that the determination of zinc levels in obese persons and their correlation with anthropometric and metabolic parameters could help in the identification of individuals at higher risk for cardiovascular disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bariatric surgery is globally stigmatized. There's a lack of international comparative research on public perceptions of this procedure, and existing studies often overlook public perceptions of individuals undergoing it. Our cross-sectional survey investigated attitudes toward obesity, bariatric surgery, and individuals undergoing it in the Netherlands, France, and the United Kingdom. Of 1807 respondents, the UK displayed more negative attitudes, possibly due to differing beliefs on personal responsibility or national perspectives on obesity treatment. Surprisingly, respondents had positive attitudes toward bariatric surgery patients despite prevailing negative attitudes toward obesity. Perceptions of personal responsibility significantly impacted attitudes toward these patients. Our study challenges the idea of universally negative attitudes toward bariatric surgery and its patients, underlining the importance of understanding these differences to tackle stigma. Further research on cultural, social, and individual influences is essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To describe weight management and perceptions in China. Materials and methods: Data were from the Adelphi Real World Obesity Disease Specific Programme™, a cross-sectional survey between April and July 2022 of physicians managing people with obesity or overweight (PwO) and PwO in real-world clinical practice in China. At data collection, eligible PwO were aged ≥18 years, under weight management and/or had a body mass index (BMI) ≥28 kg/m2. Results: In total, 100 physicians and 801 PwO were enrolled. More than two thirds of PwO (70.7%; 531/751) were not diagnosed with obesity until a BMI ≥30 kg/m2. Most PwO (78%; 625/801) were on treatment for at least one obesity-related complication (ORC). Physicians commonly initiated weight loss discussions with PwO who already had an ORC (48.0%; 48/100). According to physicians and PwO, the mean target BMI was set at 25.8 kg/m2 and 24.3 kg/m2, and the mean target percentage weight loss was 19.6% and 23.7%, respectively. Over a median 6.4 months of weight management, the mean percentage weight loss was 4.1%. Few PwO achieved the weight loss target set by their physician (9.9%; 69/695) or themselves (2.0%; 14/696). Most physicians and PwO were unsatisfied with the current weight loss (92.3% [739/801] and 82.0% [650/793], respectively). Conclusions: These findings suggest that earlier intervention may be needed to address obesity as a disease. Most physicians and PwO recognized the importance of normal weight, but few PwO achieved weight loss targets, which may suggest an unmet need for improved weight management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is a serious health problem with increasing incidence. worldwide and remains one of the most important causes of preventable deaths. We aimed to examine the relationship between Vitamin B12 and Folic acid, which have an important role for human life, and homocysteine is widely recognized for its association with the development of cardiovascular disease, although its role as an independent risk factor remains a topic of ongoing debate. Materials and methods: We evaluated 126 patients who underwent bariatric metabolic surgery between September 2019-September 2020. In addition to demographic characteristics of the patients, weight, Vitamin B12, folate, HbA1c, cholesterol, triglyceride, ferritin, serum iron, albumin levels at preoperative, postoperative 1st month, 6th month, 12th month follow-ups were analyzed. Results: Patients with the desired biochemical parameters at the determined follow-up points were identified and two groups were formed as RYGB(n = 43) and SG(n = 7) patients. When biochemical parameters were analyzed between the groups, homocysteine, HbA1c, HDL Cholesterol, VLDL Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Ferritin, Serum Iron levels showed a statistical difference (p < 0.001). Folate (p = 0.064) and albumin (p = 0.257) did not show a significant difference over time. The change in vitamin B12 (p = 0.409) over time was not significant in the SG group, whereas a significant difference was observed in the RYGB group (p < 0.001). When we established a marginal model to determine the factors affecting the change in homocysteine over time, vitamin B12 and folate values. Conclusions: The relationship between Vitamin B12, folate and homocysteine is important in order to better understand the complications that develop in bariatric metabolic surgery patients, to prevent possible complications and to better manage the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Baghdad Science Journal is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Bariatric surgery offers effective treatment for morbid obesity and associated medical comorbidities, with excellent short- and long-term outcomes. Although it has been well documented that racial minority bariatric patients have worse outcomes than White patients, it remains unclear whether this recognition has led to improvement. Herein, we assess recent trends in bariatric surgery among Black and White patients and compare early postoperative outcomes by race. Methods: Primary sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) patients from 2015 to 2021 reported to the Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation and Quality Improvement Program were studied. Bariatric patients were stratified by race (Black and White) and perioperative outcomes were compared between matched Black and White patients. Primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Secondary outcomes included hospital readmissions, hospital length of stay (LOS), reoperation, and postoperative complications. Results: Overall, there were 193,071 Black and 645,224 White primary bariatric patients, with a higher volume of SG and RGYB performed among White patients. A total of 219,566 Black and White bariatric patients were matched and included in the case–control. Black patients were found to have higher rates of 30-day mortality (0.02% vs. 0.01%; p = 0.03) and readmissions (3.68% vs. 2.65%; p < 0.001). There were no significant differences in LOS, reoperations, or overall postoperative complications. However, there was a higher postoperative pulmonary thromboembolism rate (0.16% vs 0.08%; p < 0.001).). The differences in perioperative outcomes stratified by race persisted over the study period (Fig. 1). Conclusion: Black bariatric surgery patients continue to have worse perioperative outcomes compared with their White counterparts. Further work must be done to determine contributing factors in order to effect improvement in outcomes in bariatric surgical care for racial minority patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality glucose-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA)-supported digital weight-loss services (DWLSs) have the potential to play a significant role in shifting the alarming global obesity rate. Previous studies have demonstrated various aspects of their utility in Australian and British populations, but nothing has hitherto been investigated in real-world European settings, where GLP-1 RA weight therapy and digital healthcare are widely used. This study retrospectively analysed the 5-month (Mean = 160.14 days) weight-loss outcomes in a cohort of patients who received email-based health coaching and Semaglutide therapy via the Juniper Germany DWLS (n = 833). Mean weight loss was 9.52 (±5.46) percent, with 81.51% of the cohort losing a 'meaningful' (5% or more) amount of weight. Females (Mean = 9.75) tended to lose more weight than males (Mean = 8.41) and patients from the lowest two BMI categories (27.5–29.99 kg/m2 Mean = 10.1; 30–34.99 kg/m2 Mean = 9.74) lost significantly more weight than those in the highest BMI category (≥40 kg/m2 Mean = 8.11). These findings indicate that GLP-1 RA-supported DWLSs can contribute to meaningful weight loss in Germany. Future research should seek to conduct a dedicated adherence analysis of the Juniper Germany DWLS and measure the effect of subsidisation and baseline body mass index on general DWLS effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease after bariatric procedures can be challenging. There are very few long-term studies in this arena. This study aims to evaluate the long-term outcomes of the magnetic sphincter augmentation (MSA) reflux management system in a cohort of bariatric patients who had previously undergone sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, with a focus on assessing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) scores, medication use, and patient-reported symptoms. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 16 consecutive bariatric patients who received MSA implants following sleeve gastrectomy (n = 14) or gastric bypass (n = 2) surgeries. Data were collected regarding BMI, GERD quality of life assessments (GERD-HRQL), reflux symptoms, and use of PPIs in the sleeve/RGB patients through an extended period with a mean follow-up of 48 months. Results: Patients were followed up for a range of.5–84 months. Preoperative assessments included upper gastrointestinal imaging (UGI), high-resolution manometry, Bravo pH studies, and esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). Three patients exhibited reflux on UGI, and 13/13 patients had positive Bravo studies preoperatively. Sixteen patients had a lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure under 18 mmHg, and eight patients had biopsy-proven esophagitis. Long-term outcomes are as follows. Daily PPI use fell from 88 to 25% at greater than three years. GERD-HRQL scores fell from 50.6 at baseline (range 27–70) and normalized at long-term follow-up. GERD symptom of regurgitation completely resolved. At long term, two patients had dysphagia and two patients had ongoing reflux. No adverse events were noted. Conclusion: This is the first long-term outcomes study of magnetic sphincter augmentation placement after bariatric surgery. Our study showed the majority of patients had long-term improvement in GERD-HRQL scores and resolution/ relief of their reflux symptoms, with decreased use of PPIs. MSA is a safe, effective and durable management tool for reflux after bariatric surgery in carefully selected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Aborted bariatric surgeries are an undesirable experience for patients as they are subjected to potential physical harm and emotional distress. A thorough investigation of aborted bariatric surgeries has not been previously reported. This information may allow the discovery of opportunities to mitigate the risk of aborting some bariatric operations. Methods: Data from the Michigan Bariatric Surgery Collaborative, a statewide bariatric surgery registry, were used to identify all aborted primary bariatric operations from June 2006 through January 2023. The reasons for aborting surgery were divided into seven categories. Stepwise logistic regression was performed to identify independent predictors of aborted procedures for potentially modifiable factors. Results: A total of 115,004 patients underwent bariatric surgery with 555 (0.48%) procedures aborted. Of those having an aborted operation the mean age was 52 years and mean BMI was 49.8 with females accounting for 72%. Sleeve gastrectomy had the lowest aborted rate (0.38%) as compared to gastric bypass, adjustable gastric banding, and biliopancreatic diversion (p < 0.0001). The most common aborted surgery reason categories included adhesions and hernias, tumors and anatomic anomalies, and inadequate visualization due to either hepatomegaly or abdominal wall thickness. The most significant (p < 0.0001) independent predictors of aborted surgeries due to hepatomegaly or abdominal wall thickness were BMI ≥ 60 (OR 10.7), BMI 50 to 59 (OR 3.1) and diabetes mellitus (OR 2.7). Preoperative weight loss was a protective factor for aborting surgery due to hepatomegaly or abdominal wall thickness (OR 0.9; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Aborted surgeries are uncommon and occur in approximately 1 in 200 primary bariatric operations with the lowest rate identified in sleeve gastrectomy. Nearly 20% of operations are aborted due to hepatomegaly or abdominal wall thickness and targeting patients with elevated BMIs and diabetes mellitus for preoperative weight loss might reduce the risk of these types of aborted procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have explored the influence of obesity and critical illness on ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics. However, variation across the subpopulation of individuals with obesity admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with varying renal function remains unexamined. This study aims to characterize ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in ICU patients with obesity and provide dose recommendations for this special population. Individual patient data of 34 ICU patients with obesity (BMI >30 kg/m2) from four studies evaluating ciprofloxacin pharmacokinetics in ICU patients were pooled and combined with data from a study involving 10 individuals with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery. All samples were collected after intravenous administration. Non‐linear mixed effects modeling and simulation were used to develop a population pharmacokinetic model and describe ciprofloxacin exposure in plasma. Model‐based dose evaluations were performed using a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target of AUC/MIC >125. The data from patients with BMI ranging from 30.2 to 58.1 were best described by a two‐compartment model with first‐order elimination and a proportional error model. The inclusion of Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) as a covariate on clearance reduced inter‐individual variability from 57.3% to 38.5% (P <.001). Neither body weight nor ICU admission significantly influenced clearance or volume of distribution. Renal function is a viable predictor for ciprofloxacin clearance in ICU patients with obesity, while critical illness and body weight do not significantly alter clearance. As such, body weight and critical illness do not need to be accounted for when dosing ciprofloxacin in ICU patients with obesity. Individuals with CKD‐EPI >60 mL/min/1.73 m2 may require higher dosages for the treatment of pathogens with minimal inhibitory concentration ≥0.25 mg/L. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an increasingly prevalent issue in China's public health landscape. Few studies have investigated the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in overweight people. We proposed to analyze and contrast the occurrence of MetS in normal-weight and overweight individuals and identify potential indicators for forecasting MetS in adults in Zhejiang Province. Methods: This cohort study included 359 adults aged 40– 65 years and followed up for five years in Zhejiang Province. The study assessed the predictive capabilities of five indicators linked to obesity and lipid levels, namely body mass index (BMI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), triglyceride-glucose index (TyGi), and their combined indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WHtR). The evaluation was done employing the area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve (AUC). DeLong test was applied to compare area under different ROC curves.We evaluated the relationships between five variables and MetS using multivariate logistic regression. Results: In normal-weight individuals, the five-year cumulative incidence of MetS was 21.85%, but in overweight people, it was 60.33%. After adjusting for confounding factors, BMI, WHtR, TyGi, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WHtR were independently linked to MetS in normal-weight individuals, while BMI, TyGi, TyG-BMI, and TyG-WHtR were independently linked to MetS in overweight individuals. In normal-weight individuals, the WHtR (AUC=0.738 and optimal threshold value =0.469) and TyG-WHtR (AUC=0.731 and optimal threshold value =4.121) had the larger AUC, which was significantly greater than that of the different three indicators. The TyG-BMI (AUC=0.769 and optimal threshold value = 211.099) was the best predictor of MetS in overweight individuals. Conclusion: The five-year cumulative incidence of MetS in overweight people was approximately triple that of normal-weight people in Zhejiang Province. In the overweight population, the TyG-BMI performed better than the other indices in predicting MetS. WHtR and TyG-WHtR outperformed BMI, TyGi, and TyG-BMI in anticipating MetS in a normal-weight population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The words used to refer to weight and individuals with large bodies can be used to reinforce weight stigma. Given that most previous research has examined preferred terminology within homogenous groups, this research sought to examine terminology preferences across populations. This paper reports on data gathered with the general public, family physicians, and obesity researchers/practitioners. Participants were asked about the words they commonly: (1) used to refer to people with large bodies (general public); (2) heard in their professional contexts (physicians and obesity specialists); and (3) perceived to be the most socially or professionally acceptable (all samples). Similarities and differences were evident between samples, especially related to weight-related clinical terms, the word fat, and behavioral stereotypes. The results provide some clarity into the differences between populations and highlight the need to incorporate use of strategies that may move beyond person-first language to humanize research and clinical practice with people with large bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group study aimed to determine whether encapsulated Ashitaba chalcone (16 mg comprising 10.1 mg 4-hydroxyderricin and 5.9 mg xanthoangelol) could reduce obesity in 17 men and 25 women with a body mass index (BMI) of 25 to < 30. Participants ingested capsules containing either the chalcone or a placebo daily for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was changes in visceral fat areas determined by computed tomography (CT) at baseline, and at 8 and 12 weeks later. The primary endpoint, abdominal visceral fat area, was significantly reduced in the chalcone, compared with a placebo group 12 weeks after screening (p < 0.05). The secondary endpoint, waist circumference, was significantly decreased in the chalcone, compared with the placebo group at weeks 8 and 12 (p < 0.05 at week 8; p < 0.01 at week 12). Therefore, Ashitaba chalcone has anti-obesity benefits for overweight men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following cases demonstrate a proof of concept for the safe and effective use of the glucagon‐like‐peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP‐1 RA) semaglutide for weight loss in obese, non‐diabetic, end stage kidney disease (ESKD) patients on haemodialysis (HD), who are unable to undergo renal transplantation due to obesity. Obesity is a common barrier to wait‐listing for renal transplantation with effective, broadly applicable weight loss strategies lacking. GLP‐1 RAs have been shown to be effective adjuncts to achieve weight loss in non‐diabetic obese people. However, the major clinical trials excluded patients with ESKD on dialysis. This paper outlines the successful use of semaglutide to achieve a target body mass index (BMI) prior to renal transplant wait‐listing in two obese, non‐diabetic, HD patients. These patients achieved a 16% and 12.6% weight loss in under 9 months with one now waitlisted and the other transplanted. This strategy has the potential for broader use in this patient cohort to improve wait‐list times by overcoming this common barrier to renal transplantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aimed to explore the changes produced in body mass index (BMI), fat mass percentage (FMP), muscle mass percentage (MMP), and visceral fat percentage (VFP) in 60-year-old or over overweight or obese people after a multicomponent exercise program. This quasi-experimental study involved 70 overweight or obese older people between 60 and 86 years old (M = 73.15; SD = 5.94) who were randomly assigned to a control group (CG, n = 35) and an experimental group (EG, n = 35). At the beginning and at the end of the intervention program, anthropometric and body composition data were collected. The results showed an increase in BMI after the intervention in the CG (p = 0.010) and a decrease in the EG (p < 0.001). The results regarding the FMP indicate a significant decrease in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention, as occurs with the VFP (p = 0.003). The MMP increased in the EG (p < 0.001) after the intervention program. Regarding gender, statistically significant differences were found in the MMP after the intervention (p = 0.025), with higher percentages in men in the EG. VFP decreased in both men (p = 0.005) and women (p = 0.019) in the EG. From the results obtained, we can say that a 6-month multicomponent program produces a decrease in BMI, FMP, and VFP and an increase in MMP in its participants. This type of intervention seems to produce a greater increase in muscle mass in men than in women and a decrease in VFP in both genders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a rising prevalence of overweight and obese persons in the US, and there is a paucity of information about the relationship between frailty and body mass index. Therefore, we examined discrimination thresholds and independent relationships of the risk analysis index (RAI), modified frailty index-5 (mFI-5), and increasing patient age in predicting 30-day postoperative mortality. This retrospective American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program analysis compared all overweight or obese adult patients who underwent neurosurgery procedures between 2012 and 2020. We compared discrimination using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for RAI, mFI-5, and increasing patient age. Furthermore, multivariable analyses, as well as subgroup analyses by procedure type i.e., spine, skull base, and other (vascular and functional) were performed, and reported as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We included 315,725/412,909 (76.5%) neurosurgery patients, with a median age of 59 years (interquartile range: 48–68), predominately White 76.7% and male 54.3%. Receiver operating characteristic analysis for 30-day postoperative mortality demonstrated a higher discriminatory threshold for RAI (C-statistic: 0.790, 95%CI: 0.782–0.800) compared to mFI-5 (C-statistic: 0.692, 95%CI: 0.620–0.638) and increasing patient age (C-statistic: 0.659, 95%CI: 0.650–0.668). Multivariable analyses showed a dose-dependent association and a larger magnitude of effect by RAI: frail patients OR: 11.82 (95%CI: 10.57–13.24), and very frail patients OR: 31.19 (95%CI: 24.87–39.12). A similar trend was observed in all subgroup analyses i.e., spine, skull base, and other (vascular and functional) procedures (P ≤ 0.001). Increasing frailty was associated with a higher rate of 30-day postoperative mortality, with a dose-dependent effect. Furthermore, the RAI had a higher threshold for discrimination and larger effect sizes than mFI-5 and increasing patient age. These findings support RAI's use in preoperative assessments, as it has the potential to improve postoperative outcomes through targeted interventions. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overweight and obesity can worsen disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS). Although psychobiological stress processing is increasingly recognized as important obesity factor that is tightly connected to proinflammatory metabolic hormones and cytokines, its role for MS obesity remains unexplored. Consequently, we investigated the interplay between body mass index (BMI), neural stress processing (functional connectivity, FC), and immuno-hormonal stress parameters (salivary cortisol and T cell glucocorticoid [GC] sensitivity) in 57 people with MS (six obese, 19 over-, 28 normal-, and four underweight; 37 females, 46.4 ± 10.6 years) using an Arterial-Spin-Labeling MRI task comprising a rest and stress stage, along with quantitative PCR. Our findings revealed significant positive connections between BMI and MS disease activity (i.e., higher BMI was accompanied by higher relapse rate). BMI was positively linked to right supramarginal gyrus and anterior insula FC during rest and negatively to right superior parietal lobule and cerebellum FC during stress. BMI showed associations with GC functioning, with higher BMI associated with lower CD8+ FKBP4 expression and higher CD8+ FKBP5 expression on T cells. Finally, the expression of CD8+ FKBP4 positively correlated with the FC of right supramarginal gyrus and left superior parietal lobule during rest. Overall, our study provides evidence that body mass is tied to neuro-hormonal stress processing in people with MS. The observed pattern of associations between BMI, neural networks, and GC functioning suggests partial overlap between neuro-hormonal and neural-body mass networks. Ultimately, the study underscores the clinical importance of understanding multi-system crosstalk in MS obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study purpose. This study examines the effect of a 16-week interval progressive circuit training program on the skill and health-related fitness of overweight university students. Materials and methods. A total of 72 university students underwent health and skill-related fitness tests before and after a 16-week progressive circuit training program. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to determine differences between pre- and post-tests. Results. Significant decrease in BMI, cardiovascular endurance, agility, speed and reaction time was observed after a 16 week progressive circuit training program (p ≤ 0.05). In contrast, strength, flexibility, coordination and power increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). The 16-week interval progressive circuit training programme has a positive effect on the physical fitness among the study participants. Conclusions. The findings encourage further research into optimized training protocols, long-term sustainability of improvements, and tailored applications for specific population groups, ultimately advancing our understanding of the multifaceted benefits of interval progressive circuit training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Obesity adversely impacts breast cancer treatment and outcomes. This study assessed the efficacy of nurses' motivational interviews (MI) in promoting weight loss among breast cancer patients. Methods: Motivational Interviewing was performed at 4, 8, and 12 weeks from baseline in 27 overweight/obese breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant endocrine therapy. An average weight loss rate of 5% at week 12 was the threshold for determining whether MI intervention was clinically meaningful. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were gathered from medical records and self-administered questionnaires. Body weight, body mass index (BMI), physical activity time, sedentary time, self-efficacy for weight loss, and mood scores were evaluated at baseline, 4, 8, 12, and 24 weeks. Results: Significant reductions in body weight were observed throughout compared with baseline; 51.9% of participants attained the 5% weight loss target, but the average weight loss rate was 3.9% at week 12. BMI notably decreased at 8, 12, and 24 weeks compared with baseline. Physical activity increased significantly at 12 weeks, while sedentary time decreased at 8 and 24 weeks. Conclusions: Nursing-administered MI did not achieve the goal of 5% weight loss at week 12. However, it increased physical activity and reduced sedentary time, showing potential for promoting healthier habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Over 1.9 billion adult people have overweight or obesity. Considered as a chronic disease itself, obesity is associated with several comorbidities. Chronic pain affects approximately 60 million people and its connection with obesity has been displayed in several studies. However, controversial results showing both lower and higher pain thresholds in subjects with obesity compared to individuals with normal weight and the different parameters used to define such association (e.g., pain severity, frequency or duration) make it hard to draw straight forward conclusions in the matter. The objective of this article is to examine the relationship between overweight and obesity (classified with BMI as recommended by WHO) and self-perceived pain intensity in adults. Methods: A literature search was conducted following PRISMA guidelines using the databases CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PEDro, PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science to identify original studies that provide BMI values and their associated pain intensity assessed by self-report scales. Self-report pain scores were normalized and pooled within meta-analyses. The Cochrane's Q test and I2 index were used to clarify the amount of heterogeneity; meta-regression was performed to explore the relationship between each outcome and the risk of bias. Results: Of 2194 studies, 31 eligible studies were identified and appraised, 22 of which provided data for a quantitative analysis. The results herein suggested that adults with excess weight (BMI = 25.0) or obesity (BMI = 30.0) but not with overweight (pre-obesity) alone (BMI 25.0-29.9), are more likely to report greater intensities of pain than individuals of normal weight (BMI 18.5-24.9). Subgroup analyses regarding the pathology of the patients showed no statistically significant differences between groups. Also, influence of age in the effect size, evaluated by meta-regression, was only observed in one of the four analyses. Furthermore, the robustness of the findings was supported by two different sensitivity analyses. Conclusion: Subjects with obesity and excess weight, but not overweight, reported greater pain intensities than individuals with normal weight. This finding encourages treatment of obesity as a component of pain management. More research is required to better understand the mechanisms of these differences and the clinical utility of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Increasing overweight and obesity rates represent one of the global public health challenges. COM-B is a theoretical model used to identify areas to target to achieve behavior change. It identifies three factors that are needed for any behavior to occur: capability, opportunity, and motivation. We aimed to assess the potential facilitators and barriers to behavior change in weight management using the COM-B. Methods: The study included 139 people with overweight and obesity (mean age 48.81 ± 14.49 years; 64.5% female; body mass index 32.64 ± 6.51 kg/m2; waist-to-height ratio 0.62 ± 0.10) from primary care settings. All participants completed the Brief Measure of Behavior Change (COM-B), the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (RSE), and the Overall Evaluation of Health (OEH). Multiple linear regression was performed to analyse the data. Results: The associations between sociodemographic and clinical variables and COM-B domains attenuated or were no longer significant when psychological resources were added to the regression models. Self-efficacy was identified as a stronger facilitator of health behavior change (p < 0.001) when compared to self-esteem (p < 0.05). No associations between automatic motivation and psychological resources were identified, however. Automatic motivation was found to be associated with higher age, being in a relationship, and better health. Discussion: Behavioral interventions for weightmanagement should specifically target different components of COM-B. Self-efficacy and self-esteemmay play a significant role in individual capabilities, opportunities, and reflective motivation and should be included in tailored public health interventions. Health programs targeting younger and single people, and people with chronic conditions may help to promote sustainable behavior change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India has not only maintained its top position among countries with the largest number of underweight adults but has also jumped to a higher position among countries with largest increase in the proportion of overweight people in the last three decades. More studies focus on double burden of malnutrition among women than on men. This study uses the quantile regression model to analyse the covariates associated with low and high body mass index (BMI) primarily among men aged 20–54 years during 2015–2016 in India. Occupations that involve more manual work help in maintaining a normal BMI along with better education, dietary diversity, and less sedentary lifestyle. A gendered comparison of men and their spouses highlights the differences in the association of covariates with BMI for men and women. The results from this study will provide insights for behavioural change at an individual level and inputs for public health intervention for addressing ill health concerns arising from underweight, overweight, or obesity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bagcilar Medical Bulletin / Bağcılar Tıp Bülteni is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Obesity is now an emerging public health challenge in Nigeria, because of changing lifestyle. However, there are variations on the reported prevalence of obesity. This study determined the prevalence of overweight and obesity among school children in Mainland Local Government Area, Lagos. Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey among children seen at primary schools in Mainland Local Government Area, Lagos State. Socio-demographic and anthropometric data were collected. BMI-for-age and sex Z-scores were determine and used to classify overweight/obese children. Results: A total of 340 pupils with a mean age of 8.61 ± 2.2 years were enrolled in the study. The majority were male (53.3%), from low socio-economic class (53.4%), and had low physical activity (58.89%). Thirty-four pupils (10.2%) were either overweight (6.9%) or obese (3.3%). The mean BMI (kg/m2) of the female pupils was 20.53 ± 1.51while that of the male pupils was 19.81 ± 1.43 (p = 0.002) Conclusion: The prevalence of Overweight/Obesity of 10.2% among the school pupils was relatively high confirming the reported emerging trend in low-income countries like Nigeria. The majority of the Pupils had low physical activity levels. Activities promoting weight loss are recommended to prevent the emergence of the obesity epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We assessed the impact of tirzepatide on 10‐year predicted risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2D) among participants in the SURMOUNT‐1 trial. Materials and Methods: In this post hoc analysis of SURMOUNT‐1, the Cardiometabolic Disease Staging risk engine was used to calculate the 10‐year predicted risk of T2D at baseline, week 24 and week 72 among participants randomized to receive 5, 10, or 15 mg tirzepatide or placebo. Mean changes in risk scores from baseline to weeks 24 and 72 were compared between tirzepatide and placebo groups. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on participants' glycaemic status and body mass index at baseline. Results: Mean baseline T2D predicted risk scores did not differ between tirzepatide and placebo groups (range: 22.9%‐24.3%). At week 72, mean absolute T2D predicted risk score reductions were significantly greater in tirzepatide groups (5 mg, 12.4%; 10 mg, 14.4%; 15 mg, 14.7%) versus placebo (0.7%). At week 72, median relative predicted risk reductions following tirzepatide treatment ranged from 60.3% to 69.0%. For participants with and without prediabetes, risk reductions were significantly greater in tirzepatide groups versus placebo. At week 72, participants with prediabetes (range: 16.0%‐20.3%) had greater mean risk score reductions from baseline versus those without prediabetes (range: 10.1%‐11.3%). Across body mass index subgroups, mean reductions from baseline were significantly greater in tirzepatide groups versus placebo. Conclusion: Tirzepatide treatment significantly reduced the 10‐year predicted risk of developing T2D compared with placebo in participants with obesity or overweight, regardless of baseline glycaemic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overweight status or obesity can be confirmed through classical methods such as the body mass index (BMI) and the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Apart from metabolic issues such as atherosclerosis, liver steatosis, or diabetes mellitus, long-term obesity or overweight status can pose a risk for cardiovascular and neurovascular complications. While some acute adverse events like coronary syndromes of strokes are well-documented to be linked to an increased body mass, there are also chronic processes that, due to their silent onset and evolution, are underdiagnosed and not as thoroughly studied. Through this review, we aimed to collect all relevant data with regard to the long-term impact of obesity on cognitive function in all ages and its correlation with an earlier onset of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). The exact mechanisms through which a decline in cognitive functions occurs in overweight or obese persons are still being discussed. A combination of factors has been acknowledged as potential triggers, such as a sedentary lifestyle and stress, as well as a genetic predisposition, for example, the apolipoprotein E (ApoE) alleles in AD. Most research highlights the impact of vascular dysfunction and systemic inflammation on the nervous system in patients with obesity and the subsequent neurological changes. Obesity during the early to mid-ages leads to an earlier onset of cognitive dysfunction in various forms. Also, lifestyle intervention can reverse cognitive dysfunction, especially dieting, to encourage weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the effects of a few biochemical variables on obese Iraqi males and females with a 30.5 body mass index (BMI) when they were fed a ketogenic diet. The present study demonstrates how an individual who follows a ketogenic diet has an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL-cholesterol). This research's objective was to assess the levels of some biochemical variables in obese people who were eating a ketogenic diet. Following 35 days on a ketogenic diet, the results show a significantly higher P ≤ 0.05 level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and total cholesterol (TC). Additionally, insulin, fasting blood sugar (FBS), cortisol, HOMA-IR, urea, BMI, and creatinine all show a considerable reduction, P ≤ 0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Since bariatric surgery results in massive weight loss, it may be associated with a disproportionate decrease in lean body mass. Objective: To evaluate body composition in post-bariatric surgery patients who had a successful weight loss at 12 months (>50% excess weight loss) with comparisons to healthy controls who were matched for age, sex and BMI. Methods: This is an observational analytic study using data from post-bariatric surgery patients who had laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (SG) at King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital. Patients who had percentage excessive weight loss (%EWL) >50% and achieved a BMI of <30 kg/m2 within 12 months after the surgery were included. Non-operative healthy controls matched for sex, age, and BMI (1:1) were recruited. The 12-month post-bariatric surgery BMI was used to match the BMI of the control subjects. A single bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Inbody 770) machine was used for the entire study. Results: Sixty participants were included in this study. There are 30 post-bariatric surgery patients (female n = 19, male n = 11) and 30 non-operative controls (female n = 19, male n = 11). The 12-month post-bariatric surgery patients had lower percentage of body fat (PBF) (30.6% vs 35.9%, P -value.001) and trunk fat mass (10.3 vs 12.4 kg, P -value.04) than non-operative controls. The 12-month post-bariatric surgery patients also were found to have more soft lean mass (SLM) (47.7 vs 39.9 kg, P -value.001), fat free mass (FFM) (51.1 vs 42.3 kg, P -value.001), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) (27.5 vs 23 kg, P -value.003), and trunk lean mass (21.2 vs 19 kg, P -value.02). Conclusion: Despite the significant reductions in all body composition variables in post-bariatric surgery patients at 12-month follow-up, both fat free mass and skeletal muscle mass were found to be higher in the surgical patients compared to the control group. Clinical trials: Thai Clinical Trials Registry, https://thaiclinicaltrials.org/ ID:TCTR20200223003 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Estimating the burden of obesity in five European countries (Germany, Greece, the Netherlands, Spain and the UK) and the potential health benefits and changes in health care costs associated with a reduction in body mass index (BMI). Materials and Methods: A Markov model was used to estimate the long‐term burden of obesity. Health states were based on the occurrence of diabetes, ischaemic heart disease and stroke. Multiple registries and literature sources were used to derive the demographic, epidemiological and cost input parameters. For the base‐case analyses, the model was run for a starting cohort of healthy obese people with a BMI of 30 and 35 kg/m2 aged 40 years to estimate the lifetime impact of obesity and the impact of a one‐unit decrease in BMI. Different scenario and sensitivity analyses were performed. Results: The base‐case analyses showed that total lifetime health care costs (for obese people aged 40 and BMI 35 kg/m2) ranged from €75 376 in Greece to €343 354 in the Netherlands, with life expectancies ranging from 37.9 years in Germany to 39.7 years in Spain. A one‐unit decrease in BMI showed gains in life expectancy ranging from 0.65 to 0.68 year and changes in total health care costs varying from −€1563 to +€4832. Conclusions: The economic burden of obesity is substantial in the five countries. Decreasing BMI results in health gains, reductions in obesity‐related health care costs, but an increase in non‐obesity related health care costs, which emphasizes the relevance of including all costs in decision making on implementation of preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of single anastomosis sleeve ileal (SASI) bypass surgery on obese patients with type II diabetes mellitus during a one-year follow-up period. Methods: We included patients with a body mass index (BMI) more than 35 kg/m2 and at least one-year history of type II diabetes mellitus. We excluded patients aged under 25 or above 66 years, those who were not candidates for surgery, needed another bariatric surgery, and those not willing to participate in the study. All the patients were visited in the outpatient office on the 10th and 45th days as well as the 3rd month of the post-operative period until the end of the first year. Results: in this study, we investigated 14 male (23.0%) and 47 female (77.0%) morbidly obese patients with type II diabetes mellitus who underwent SASI bypass. The mean excess weight loss (%EWL) was 60.99 ± 15.69 and the mean total weight loss (%TWL) was 30.39 ± 6.52 at the end of the one-year follow up. Finally, 44 patients (72.1%) had a complete and 15 patients (24.6%) had partial remission of type II diabetes mellitus. Of note, severe complications were recorded in two patients (3.2%). Paired t test analysis demonstrated a significant decrease for fasting plasma sugar (FBS) after one-year follow-up in comparison with FBS before surgery (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, this difference was observed in HbA1c (P < 0.0001). Conclusion: SASI bypass is an effective method for weight loss and controlling type II diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bariatric interventions (BI, including surgical interventions) are effective in patients with massive obesity, i.e., a body mass index (BMI) > 40, and their number has steadily increased during the past decade. Yet, the stability of improvements in quality of life (QoL) in post-interventional patients is understudied and restricted to studies with small samples and short follow-ups. Patients with BI between 2004 and 2018 were identified in a health claims database and invited to fill in a survey, comprising sociodemographic and lifestyle information and psychometric scales. QoL was assessed with the Bariatric QoL (BQL) scale with lower scores denoting worse QoL. BMI and excess weight loss (EWL) were calculated for the time soon after intervention (EWL-T1) and when filling the survey (EWL-T2). The majority of n = 2151 patients were female (80.7 %), had a mean age of 54.5 years and a mean BMI of 34.8. The mean EWL-T1 was 79 % (EWL-T2: 64.6 %). The mean BQL score was 47.6 and decreased with BMI (18.5–24.9: 52.6 vs. > 40: 38.7), EWL-T2 (>66 %: 51.3 vs. <65 %: 42.1) and years since intervention (3–4: 48.2 vs > 8: 45.1, each p <.001). For EWL-T1, the association between higher EWLs and higher BQL scores was stronger in females than in males (p <.005); for EWL at T2, both sexes did not differ in this regard (p =.848). Among normal-weight persons, males scored significantly lower on the BQL than females (44.9 vs. 54.9). Post-interventional QoL improvements diminish over time and depend on the weight loss, with significant differences between men and women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitored anesthesia care (MAC) often causes airway complications, particularly posing an elevated risk of aspiration and airway obstruction in obese patients. This study aimed to quantify the levels of aspiration and airway obstruction using an artificial intelligence (AI)-based acoustic analysis algorithm, assessing its utility in identifying airway complications in obese patients. To verify the correlation between the stridor quantitative value (STQV) calculated by acoustic analysis and body weight, and to further evaluate fluid retention and airway obstruction, STQV calculated exhaled breath sounds collected at the neck region, was compared before and after injection of 3 ml of water in the oral cavity and at the start and end of the MAC procedures. STQV measured immediately following the initiation of MAC exhibited a weak correlation with body mass index. Furhtermore, STQV values before and after water injection increased predominantly after injection, further increased at the end of MAC. AI-based analysis of cervical respiratory sounds can enhance the safety of airway management during MAC by quantifying airway obstruction and fluid retention in obese patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

328 autopsy cases of fatal pulmonary thromboembolism (PE) were compared to 984 age- and sex-matched controls to evaluate the association between obesity and PE in a forensic context. Both PE and control cases had a mean age of 67,8 years (male 62,9 years, females 71,7 years). The percentage of morbidly obese persons with a body mass index (BMI) of above 40 or abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue of above 4 cm was higher in the PE group (8,39% vs. 4,67% and 29.45% vs. 23.40%, respectively). On the other side, that of very slim persons (BMI below 18.5 or adipose tissue below 3 cm) was significantly smaller (4,27% vs. 7,52% and 47.55% vs. 56,60%). We thus found a strong association between being overweight and death from PE, while slim persons seem to be at an advantage. As the group of underweight persons includes those suffering from chronic diseases with reduced mobility or hypercoagulability (e.g. tumor kachexia or sarkopenia due to immobilisation), this finding is to some extent unexpected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is linked to a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Studies show that plasma amyloid-β (Aβ) dyshomeostasis, particularly low 42/40 ratio indicates a heightened risk for developing AD. However, the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and circulating plasma Aβ has not been extensively studied. Objective: We hypothesized that people with a high BMI have altered plasma Aβ homeostasis compared with people with a lower BMI. We also tested whether reducing BMI by calorie-restriction could normalize plasma concentrations of Aβ. Methods: Plasma concentrations of Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/40 ratio were measured in 106 participants with BMIs classified as lean, overweight, or obese. From this cohort, twelve participants with overweight or obese BMIs entered a 12-week calorie-restriction weight loss program. We then tested whether decreasing BMI affected plasma Aβ concentrations. Results: Plasma Aβ42/40 ratio was 17.54% lower in participants with an obese BMI compared to lean participants (p < 0.0001), and 11.76% lower compared to participants with an overweight BMI (p < 0.0001). The weight loss regimen decreased BMI by an average of 4.02% (p = 0.0005) and was associated with a 6.5% decrease in plasma Aβ40 (p = 0.0425). However, weight loss showed negligible correlations with plasma Aβ40, Aβ42, and Aβ42/40 ratio. Conclusion: Obesity is associated with aberrant plasma Aβ homeostasis which may be associated with an increased risk for AD. Weight loss appears to lower Aβ40, but large-scale longitudinal studies in addition to molecular studies are required to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of how obesity and weight loss influence plasma Aβ homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food consumption according to NOVA classification and overweight in people with knee osteoarthritis Objective: To investigate food consumption according to the degree of processing in people with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Materials and Methods: Cross-sectional study with a nonprobabilistic sample of patients with KOA and undergoing physical therapy and nutritional treatment at a School of Physiotherapy Clinic. Participants were submitted to sociodemographic, dietary and anthropometric assessments. Food consumption was assessed using a food consumption frequency questionnaire and analyzed according to the NOVA food classification. Results: The group of fresh foods contributed 59.5% of energy consumption, followed respectively by the group of processed foods (18.9%), ultraprocessed foods (13.0%) and culinary ingredients (8.3%). The mean percentage of consumption in the four food processing groups was higher among the overweight ones. In the linear regression analysis, it was identified that higher energy consumption comes from processed foods (ß=0.440; p-value=0.001) and fresh, minimally processed foods and culinary preparations based on these foods (ß=-0.263; p-value =0.038) was respectively related to an increase or decrease in the participants' BMI. Conclusion: The results presented indicate that the consumption of ultra- processed foods was low in the sample evaluated, despite the majority of them having a high body mass index, which makes us suppose that other variables may be influencing this result, such as osteoarthritis and age high that favors sedentary lifestyle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There have been reports of subclinical but substantial variations in the anatomy and function of the left ventricle (LV) in morbidly obese people who show no outward signs of cardiac disease. Between 11% and 14% of those with heart failure (HF) have a high body mass index (BMI). Objective: The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of BMI on LV electromechanical delay in persons without cardiac illness. Patients and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 66 patients, recruited from Cardiology Department, Suez Canal University Hospital. Results: A statistically significant difference was seen in our study regarding weight, BMI and body surface area (P values 0.001, 0.001 and 0.013, respectively) as obese group had the highest mean of weight (98.05±11.5). Conclusion: Left ventricular electromechanical changes in obese people with normal heart rhythm and no symptoms of heart trouble may have latent systolic dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Patient's body size is a significant determinant of aortic dimensions. Overweight and obesity underestimate aortic dilatation when indexing diameters by body surface area (BSA). We compared the indexation of aortic dimensions by height and BSA in subjects with and without overweight to determine the upper normal limit (UNL). Methods: The MATEAR study was a prospective, observational, and multicenter study (53 echocardiography laboratories in Argentina). We included 879 healthy adult individuals (mean age: 39.7 ± 11.4 years, 399 men) without hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve, aortic aneurysm, or genetic aortopathies. Echocardiograms were acquired and proximal aorta measured at the sinus of Valsalva (SV), sinotubular junction (STJ), and ascending aorta (AA) levels (EACVI/ASE guidelines). We compared absolute and indexed aortic diameters by height and BSA between groups (men with body mass index [BMI] < 25 and BMI = 25, women with BMI < 25 and BMI = 25). Results: Indexing of aortic diameters by BSA showed significantly lower values in overweight and obese subjects compared to normal weight in their respective gender (for women: SV 1.75 cm/m2 in BMI < 25 vs. 1.52 cm/m2 in BMI between 25 and 29.9 vs. 1.41 cm/m2 in BMI = 30; at the STJ: 1.53 cm/m2 vs. 1.37 cm/m2 vs. 1.25 cm/m2; and at the AA: 1.63 cm/m2 vs. 1.50 cm/m2 vs. 1.37 cm/m2; all p < 0.0001 and for men, all p < 0.0001). These differences disappeared when indexing by height in both gender groups (all p = NS). Conclusion: While indexing aortic diameters by BSA in obese and overweight subjects underestimate aortic dilation, the use of aortic height index (AHI) yields a similar UNL for individuals with normal weight, overweight, and obesity. Therefore, AHI could be used regardless of their weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction and aim. Serum ceruloplasmin level may be a biomarker associated with obesity and cardiovascular risk. We aimed to evaluate the effect of body weight lost by diet and exercise program on metabolic parameters and serum ceruloplasmin levels in obese patients. Material and methods. A total of 120 obese patients with BMI ≥30 kg/m² were enrolled in a 16-week balanced diet program with the goal of losing 10% or more of body weight while maintaining a daily energy deficit of 500-1000 kcal/day. Results. Mean weights of the patients decreased from 93.2±15.1 kg to 83.2±13.1 kg (p<0.001) and mean BMI decreased from 35.8±5.6 kg/m² to 31.9±4.9 kg/m² (p<0.001). Mean ceruloplasmin decreased from 25.2±4.7 mg/dL to 23.6±4.9 mg/dL (p<0.001), mean total cholesterol from 191.8±37.1 mg/dL to 153.8±28.7 mg/dL (p<0.001), mean LDL from 120.3±31.4 mg/dL to 91.1±27.7 mg/dL (p<0.001) and mean fasting blood glucose from 108.2±35 mg/dL to 103.3±81.1 mg/dL (p<0.001). There was a statistically significant and weak correlation between the change in ceruloplasmin and the change in BMI (p=0.016, R=0.233). There was a statistically significant and weak correlation between ceruloplasmin change and weight change (p=0.010, R=0.251). Conclusion. Obese patients' serum ceruloplasmin levels were found to decrease with weight loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during adolescence with obesity at adulthood 14 years later in a nationally representative cohort. We analyzed data from 6984 individuals who participated in Waves I (1994–1995) and IV (2008–2009) of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) in the USA. Obesity was defined by the International Obesity Task Force cut-off points at Wave I and adult cut-points at Wave IV (body mass index [BMI]≥30 kg/m2 and waist circumference [WC]≥102 cm in male and 88 cm in female). Physical activity, screen time and sleep duration were self-reported. Adolescents who met screen time recommendation alone (β = −1.62 cm, 95%CI −2.68 cm to −0.56), jointly with physical activity (β = −2.25 cm, 95%CI −3.75 cm to −0.75 cm), and those who met all three recommendations (β = −1.92 cm, 95%CI −3.81 cm to −0.02 cm) obtained lower WC at Wave IV than those who did not meet any of these recommendations. Our results also show that meeting with screen time recommendations (IRR [incidence rate ratio] = 0.84, 95%CI 0.76 to 0.92) separately and jointly with physical activity recommendations (IRR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.67 to 0.97) during adolescence is associated with lower risk of abdominal obesity at adulthood. In addition, adolescents who met all 24-h movement recommendations had lower risk of abdominal obesity later in life (IRR = 0.76, 95%CI 0.60 to 0.97). Conclusion: Promoting the adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines from adolescence, especially physical activity and screen time, seems to be related with lower risk of abdominal obesity later in life, but not for BMI. What is Known: • Some studies have shown a relationship between adherence to 24-h movement guidelines and adiposity or obesity markers in youth. However, most of these studies have a cross-sectional design or a short follow-up. What is New: • This is the first study which determined the association between adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines during adolescence with obesity at adulthood 14 years later in a nationally representative US cohort. • Meeting the 24-h movement guidelines from adolescence seems to be related with lower risk of abdominal obesity later in life, but not for body mass index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comparative analysis of specific immunobiochemical parameters, including natural antibodies (NAb) to endogenous regulators of the cardiovascular system, adrenal and gastrointestinal hormones, was performed in students aged 18-22 years with normal and increased body weight (the body mass index from 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2 and from 25 to 29.9 kg/m2, respectively). The serum content of NAb and hormones was determined by ELISA. The level of the studied indicators depended on the body mass index value. In overweight subjects, the main immune indicators of the biogenic amine system, renin-angiotensin system, and kinin system exceeded the normal. The cortisol level was higher than in subjects with normal body weight. Aldosterone secretion was less dependent on the ACTH content and was lower than in students with normal body weight. The content of cholecystokinin and gastrin corresponded to the values for overweight. These trends in hormone contents are a predisposing factor for further weight gain. Practical significance of the combined assessment of disturbances in the immunological and biochemical homeostasis has been established. Analysis of the adrenal and gastrointestinal hormones can predict the risk of weight gain, but at the same time, changes in the level of immunological indicators in subjects with increased body weight characterizes the possibility of developing cardiovascular pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: 30 % of the world population currently has overweight and obesity problems, while in Ecuador this is 64.68 %. The identification of population groups more vulnerable to overweight and obesity is a basic issue to establish better public policies. Objective: to identify the population groups at risk of overweight and obesity according to socio-demographic determinants (ethnicity, marital status, poverty and age). Methods: a cross-sectional study. Data from 89,212 adults of both sexes were analyzed. Body mass index (BMI) was used to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to relate BMI to sociodemographic determinants. Results: women had an average of 1.03 kg/m2 more than men, and BMI rose by 0.04 kg/m2 for each year of age. In relation to marital status, married people presented 1.14 kg/m2 more than single people. Taking into account the poverty quintiles and q1 as a reference category, quintiles 2, 3 and 4 showed a higher BMI of 0.65, 0.88, 0.77 and 0.41 kg/m2, respectively (p < 0.001). Regarding ethnicity, indigenous people had a BMI 0.78 kg/m2 less than whites; Montubios and Afro-Americans had 0.37 and 0.61 kg/m2, respectively, more than whites. People residing in the urban area present 0.41 kg/m2 more than the residents in the rural area. Conclusions: we identified groups of higher nutritional risk such as women and married people for overweight and obesity, while indigenous people and the poorest people were at risk for low weight, which indicates that in Ecuador adults have problems of both excess and deficit. It is necessary to implement policies aimed at specific population groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hamidiye Medical Journal is the property of Galenos Yayinevi Tic. LTD. STI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Previous studies have reported on the associations between obesity and sedentary behavior (SB) or physical activity (PA) in children. This study examined longitudinal and bidirectional associations between adiposity and SB and PA in children. Methods: Participants were 356 children in England. PA was measured at 7 and 9 years of age using accelerometry. Outcome and exposures were time in SB and PAs and concurrent body mass index z score and fat index (FI). Results: Adiposity at baseline was positively associated with changes in SB (β = 0.975 for FI) and negatively associated with changes in moderate to vigorous PA (β = −0.285 for body mass index z score, β = −0.607 for FI), vigorous PA (β = −0.095 for FI), and total PA (β = −48.675 for FI), but not vice versa. The changes in SB, moderate to vigorous PA, and total PA for children with overweight/obesity were significantly more adverse than those for children with healthy weight. Conclusions: A high body mass index z score or high body fatness at baseline was associated with lower moderate to vigorous PA and vigorous PA after 2 years, but not vice versa, which suggests that in this cohort adiposity influenced PA and SB, but the associations between adiposity and SB or PA were not bidirectional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The survey study determined relationship between figure types and garment preferences towards psychosocial and general well-being of female undergraduate students of Federal Universities in South East, Nigeria. Study population comprised female undergraduates from five Federal Universities in the study area. About 300 participants selected through purposive and random sampling responded to questionnaire items dealing with respondents' personal data and clothing preference variables. Using anthropometric measurements, subjects' body mass index (BMI) was categorised into underweight, normal, overweight and obese, and further for adiposity, into straight/banana, pear, hour glass/perfect, and apple figure types following body measurement guide (BMG). Clothing preferences were determined based on respondents' frequency of utilization of fabrics with design elements of line, colour, shape, texture; garments' styles, and fits. Data generated were analyzed with descriptive statistics (percentages, mean, and Pearson's product moment correlation coefficient). Significant relationships were established with chi square (X2) using Statistical Package for Service Solutions (SPSS) version 21. Findings include: About 5.3% of the subjects' BMI were underweight, 57.7% were normal, 26.0% were overweight and 11.0% were obese. About 14.3% subjects with normal BMI were found to be in hour glass/perfect figure category. The overweight, obese and underweight subjects possess pear (53.7%), apple (11.0 %), and straight/banana (23.7%) figure types respectively. There were no significant relationships (P>0.05) between subjects' figure types and their clothing preferences in fabric design elements of; line (p = 0.091), colour (p = 0.73), shape (p = 0.45), texture (p = 0.31), space (p = 0.10) and garment styles (p = 0.35) and fits (p = 0.91) at 0.05 level of significance. Much emphasis should be focussed more on selecting becoming clothes for the figure irrespective of type considering design elements and garment fits rather than focusing on using life destructive figure manipulation and alteration techniques, drugs and devices. Thus, regular orientations on clothing norms for female students especially freshmen on campuses are imminent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]