1. Salicylic Acid Is Involved in the Growth Inhibition Caused by Excessive Ammonium in Oilseed Rape ( Brassica napus L.).
- Author
-
Zhou T, Zhang L, Wu P, Feng Y, and Hua Y
- Subjects
- Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant drug effects, Putrescine metabolism, Putrescine pharmacology, Plant Shoots growth & development, Plant Shoots drug effects, Plant Shoots metabolism, Brassica napus genetics, Brassica napus growth & development, Brassica napus metabolism, Brassica napus drug effects, Salicylic Acid pharmacology, Salicylic Acid metabolism, Ammonium Compounds metabolism, Ammonium Compounds toxicity
- Abstract
Rapeseed ( Brassica napus L.) is extremely sensitive to excessive NH
4 + toxicity. There remains incomplete knowledge of the causal factors behind the growth suppression in NH4 + -nourished plants, with limited studies conducted specifically on field crop plants. In this study, we found that NH4 + toxicity significantly increased salicylic acid (SA) accumulation by accelerating the conversion of SA precursors. Moreover, exogenous SA application significantly aggravated NH4 + toxicity symptoms in the rapeseed shoots. Genome-wide differential transcriptomic analysis showed that NH4 + toxicity increased the expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis, transport, signaling transduction, and conversion of SA. SA treatment significantly increased shoot NH4 + concentrations by reducing the activities of glutamine synthase and glutamate synthase in NH4 + -treated rapeseed plants. The application of an SA biosynthesis inhibitor, ABT, alleviated NH4 + toxicity symptoms. Furthermore, SA induced putrescine (Put) accumulation, resulting in an elevated ratio of Put to [spermidine (Spd) + spermine (Spm)] in the NH4 + -treated plants, while the opposite was true for ABT. The application of exogenous Put and its biosynthesis inhibitor DFMA induced opposite effects on NH4 + toxicity in rapeseed shoots. These results indicated that the increased endogenous SA contributed noticeably to the toxicity caused by the sole NH4 + -N supply in rapeseed shoots. This study provided fresh perspectives on the mechanism underlying excessive NH4 + -induced toxicity and the corresponding alleviating strategies in plants.- Published
- 2024
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