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Objectives This article aims to clarify the long-term outcomes of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone who underwent concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Design and Setting The study design was a retrospective chart review. Patients and Methods From December 2001 to June 2014, 23 patients with cancer of the temporal bone who were treated by CCRT at the Tohoku University Hospital and the Iwate Medical University Hospital were enrolled in this study. For advanced cancer of the temporal bone, a modified docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (TPF) regimen was used for CCRT. The long-term outcomes, including prognoses and late complications, were analyzed after CCRT of patients with cancers of the temporal bone. Results The main long-term complications were stenosis of the external auditory canal and conductive hearing loss. No harmful late complications were observed in these patients. Disease-specific survival rates were 84.9% for all patients, 100% for patients of stage I, II, and III (n = 10), and 75.5% for patients of stage IV (n = 13) at 5 years. Conclusions Our study showed that CCRT is an effective treatment choice for squamous cell carcinoma of the temporal bone. Furthermore, CCRT using the TPF regimen is a safe and effective initial treatment for patients with advanced cancers of the temporal bone.

e18018Background: Efficacy of TPF chemotherapy has been reported mainly in the neo-adjuvant setting for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma so far. The aim of this study was to determine the safe...

Deep learning is a state-of-the-art learning method that is used in fields such as visual object recognition and speech recognition. This learning uses a large number of layers and a huge number of units and connections, so overfitting occurs. Dropout learning is a kind of regularizer that neglects some inputs and hidden units in the learning process with a probability p; then, the neglected inputs and hidden units are combined with the learned network to express the final output. We compared dropout learning and ensemble learning from three viewpoints and found that dropout learning can be regarded as ensemble learning that divides the student network into two groups of hidden units. From this insight, we explored novel dropout learning that divides the student network into more than two groups of hidden units to enhance the benefit of ensemble learning.

Deep learning is the state-of-the-art in fields such as visual object recognition and speech recognition. This learning uses a large number of layers, huge number of units, and connections. Therefore, overfitting is a serious problem. To avoid this problem, dropout learning is proposed. Dropout learning neglects some inputs and hidden units in the learning process with a probability, p, and then, the neglected inputs and hidden units are combined with the learned network to express the final output. We find that the process of combining the neglected hidden units with the learned network can be regarded as ensemble learning, so we analyze dropout learning from this point of view.

Incadronate (YM175, disodium cycloheptylaminomethylenediphosphonate monohydrate), a bisphosphonate, has been suggested to prevent the bone resorption associated with periodontitis by inhibiting osteoclast activity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of incadronate in preventing periodontal destruction in rats with Porphyromonas gingivalis-induced periodontitis.Periodontitis was induced in 35 Wister rats by inoculating P. gingivalis into the oral cavity and feeding the rats a soft diet for 4 weeks. Incadronate or placebo was administered to the oral cavity of the rats 2 days per week for 2, 4, or 8 weeks.P. gingivalis infection resulted in destruction of the periodontal ligament, reduced bone density, and caused inflammatory cell migration. Radiographic, morphometric, and histological results showed that incadronate had the ability to increase the bone mineral density (quantum level score; cortex 518.9 [placebo 612.8]; sponge 579.8 [placebo 672.0]) and to prevent periodontal ligament destruction (width 0.16 mm [placebo 0.20 mm]; area 0.36 mm2 [placebo 0.54 mm2]) after 8 weeks' administration. Furthermore, the polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) infiltration in gingival tissue was significantly decreased.These results showed that incadronate inhibits bone resorption and PMN migration in P. gingivalis-induced periodontitis.

e17574 Background: Carotid body tumor (CBT) is thought to be a rare disease derived from carotid body paraganglion cells. It is well known that this tumor is related to some hereditary tendencies that linked to such as SDH gene mutations. CBTs have rich vascular contents and capsules supplied by many feeding arteries. When we head and neck surgeons perform resection sugery, we sometimes encounter much blood loss or injuries of carotid arteries. There has been no study to reveal the characteristic features of CBT patients in Japan because of lack of registration and survey system for them. Methods: We attempted to analyze CBT patients all over Japan by integrating information of CBT patients from institutions which had head and neck surgeries. Results: 399 patients were referred to 112 institutes for past 20 years. Among these patients, 150 were registered to our study. There were 87 female and 63 male patients and their mean and median age were 48.0 years old and 49 years old, respectively, ranging from 8 to 78 years old. Eighteen patients had family history of paragangliomas. 15 patients had bilateral CBTs. Among 94 patients who underwent surgery to remove CBT, 23 patients had tumors classified as Shamblin type I, 59 as type II and 12 as type III. Mean operation time of the surgery and the mean amount of blood loss were calculated to compare. Angiography revealed that most frequent feeding artery of these CBTs was ascending pharyngeal artery followed by superior thyroid artery and occipital artery. Preoperative embolization of these arteries was effective to reduce the blood loss but operation time in Shamblin type I and II tumors. Conclusions: Further investigation will be needed to clarify gene mutations for hereditary paragangliomas including CBTs in Japan.

We propose a mutual learning method using nonlinear perceptron within the framework of online learning and have analyzed its validity using computer simulations. Mutual learning involving three or more students is fundamentally different from the two-student case with regard to variety when selecting a student to act as the teacher. The proposed method consists of two learning steps: first, multiple students learn independently from a teacher, and second, the students learn from others through mutual learning. Results showed that the mean squared error could be improved even if the teacher had not taken part in the mutual learning.

e17502Background: Efficacy and usefulness of concomitant chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) using TPF protocol has not yet been clearly distinguished, although it has been effective in the neo-adjuvant setti...

e17074 Background: Chemotherapy using TPF protocol has been showed efficacy in the neo-adjuvant setting for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) so far. However, effectiveness of concomitant...

57歳，男性．重症筋無力症合併浸潤性胸腺腫症例．腫瘍は右肺，心膜浸潤の他に胸腺静脈を介して有茎性に上大静脈内へ発育·進展していた．手術は拡大胸腺-胸腺腫摘出術+右肺上葉合併切除+心膜合併切除および血管内腫瘍摘出術とした．血管内腫瘍は先端が肥大した巨大マッチ棒状の形態で，被膜に覆われ上大静脈内膜への浸潤·癒着は認められなかった．人工血管置換なしに左右腕頭静脈および上大静脈を遮断し，左腕頭静脈壁とともに容易に摘出し得た．本症例は腫瘍が胸腺静脈を介して上大静脈内腔へ発育した貴重な症例と考えられた．