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The term uncertainty has been used in research and development laboratories for ages but now it is being used meaningfully in oil and gas industries. A statement of measurement uncertainty [...]

Instrumentation developments keeping pace to serve evolving business applications in gas industry As the natural gas industry has evolved to operate in a competitive, worldwide business environment, demands on automation [...]

Because sizing is not an exact science, technicians should rely on their experience and common sense In today's increasingly competitive market, distribution company measurement departments must heighten their attention to [...]

Adding electronic flow sensing components prepares devices for service into next century Orifice meter recorders, proved reliable during decades of use, have gained new life at selected meter sites by [...]

Researchers run the devices in wet gas and compare accuracy and durability against orifice measurement Performance of two 8-in., multipath ultrasonic gas flowmeters has encouraged pipe line operating company researchers [...]

The development, from scratch, of a comprehensive electronic flow measurement system was one of the largest, and definitely most time-critical, projects ever undertaken by Williams Natural Gas, Tulsa. Aggressive and [...]

Pipe line operating companies are looking at supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems to achieve strategic corporate objectives. Traditionally, SCADA-based applications have been limited to decision support systems for [...]

Developments in instrumentation and sensitivity to proper technique ensures sampling integrity Measurement of natural gas has experienced tremendous change in recent years. The acceptance of electronic flow measurement, as a [...]

Current-generation vortex flowmeters, which can combine an accuracy of +/- 1 percent with an operating range wide enough to measure flow rates that vary by a ratio of 30:1, are [...]

Comparisons between measured oil pipeline pressure-drop values for two-phase flow and predictions by several commonly used correlations indicate that the Beggs and Brill correlation' has the lowest average error and [...]

THE MEASUREMENT PORTION of PG&E's study was concerned with identifying and quantifying bias errors (fixed or systematic errors) which are independent of the general uncertainty (random errors) in measurement associated [...]

Controlling hydrates in high-pressure flowlines HYDRATE FORMATION in flowlines or process equipment is a phenomenon whose consequences have been known for 50 years. However, continuous efforts to develop new production [...]

Evaluating underbalanced perforating conditions UNDERBALANCE PERFORATING operations ensure a surge of reservoir fluid such that gun debris and crushed rock in the perforation tunnel are swept into the borehole, providing [...]

PIPELINE'S 6th Annual Measurement & Flow Control Symposium Industry-wide Experience and Opinion on Current Measurement and Control Problems 1. What have you done to improve or extend your flow measurement, [...]

A subsurface blow hole in a ductile iron casting .just above the solid shell core is illustrated in Figure 1. This hole was found after sectioning at the site that [...]

The flow rate of accidentally released gas can be measured more accurately by using average flow rate instead of the initial instantaneous flow rate, which gives too high a result. The Environmental Protection Agency in connection with its risk management program provides tables that may give these exaggerated results. Average rate can be determined using dispersion models including a Gaussian model for gases with densities equal to or lighter than air and another model for heavier gases., An average flow rate, instead of the initial instantaneous flow rate, is a more realistic value to use for determining accidental gas release rates. The average flow rate can be [...]

Several gas utilities have installed and tested thermal dispersion flow meters (hot wire anemometers) over the past few years, more out of technical curiosity than a predefined need or potential [...]

Utilities combine specifications for initial market strategy While the GRI compact gas meter program initially addressed technical issues, there was not a clear consensus within the gas industry concerning both [...]

METER RELIABILITY depends on maintaining a stable flame. To achieve stability, the sampled gas flowrate must be limited to a 2 to I range. Mechanical designs of small burners prevent [...]

New Ideas and Developments In Natural Gas Measurement Standardization can be great; however, quite often it limits one's ability to develop new ways to accomplish tasks. Standard methods may become [...]

An automatic meter reading primer for gas utilities WITH ANY AMR system, a key element to obtaining maximum utilization and benefits is the system software. The software provides a comprehensive [...]

The RealFLO 3.0 electronic gas flow measurement computer application is designed for use with the SCADAPack series of controllers. Enhancements include up to three runs of any mix of orifice [...]

The H2051 high-accuracy, triple-scale flowmeter regulator for MIG and TIG welding operations has been introduced by Smith Equipment. It has an output of 0.50 standard cu ft/h and features a [...]

TI-59 programmable calculator computes differential pressure across orifice, gas flow through orifice, or orifice-plate bore; calculations and program description.

An accurate calculation of the rate of flow of either liquid or gas via a tiny orifice is a daunting task because the actual flow is affected by the shape of the orifice's leading edge. The initial step includes the measurement of the leading-edge radius of the orifice. Testing the orifice from a number of other orifices with consistent leading-edge shapes will produce a flow constant that can then be used in adjusting the original estimate through the appropriate liquid or gas flow equations., Determining flow constants is key to accurate design. Accurately calculating the flow of gas or liquid through a tiny orifice is difficult because the shape of the leading edge of [...]

Two equations that measure the rate and pressure of gas flow are discussed. One equation can account for the effects of kinetic, frictional and hydrostatic energy on gas flow rates. The second equation is a simplified version of the first equation and uses approximations for pipe friction., A newly developed form of the gas flow equation for predicting flow rate or pressure drop along pipes employs fewer assumptions and applies to a wider range of conditions than [...]

Every year, billions of cubic feet of natural gas flow into and through the transmission and distribution system of Southern California Gas Co., Los Angeles. The biggest gas distribution utility [...]

I was reviewing some recent columns and realized that I've been ranting about knowledge management and training programs for much of this year. Knowledge management and workforce issues are important [...]

With plans to meet its needs for renewal, improvement and supervision of flows in the Val de Seine region, Gaz de France recently hired Ultraflux to handle flow measurement on [...]

Systems integrators typically require separate solutions for pneumatic, electrical I/O, and network-based valve integration. Individual cabinetry, wiring and tubing takes up real estate on the manufacturing floor, not to mention [...]

The Triton TX10 transit-time ultrasonic flowmeter is designed for accurate, trouble-free performance over a broad range of industrial applications. Available for monitoring pipe sizes from 1.5' to 200', it measures [...]

CENELEC safety approval has been granted for the Series 504FT In-Line Thermal Convection Mass Flow Transmitter for industrial gases. It incorporates this company's rugged all-welded thermal sensors with a miniature [...]