Search

Metabolic surgery is an effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in patients with obesity. However, the efficacy in patients with body mass index (BMI) < 32.5 kg/m2, especially in Asian populations, has not been widely reported, and there are few studies on the prediction of diabetes remission. We evaluated 112 patients with T2DM who underwent metabolic surgery between October 2008 and November 2019. The basic data of the patients were collected, and clinical variables were measured at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after metabolic surgery. Four independent predictors of surgical outcomes were identified to construct the prediction score. Diabetes remission occurred for 38 of the 112 patients. Ninety patients underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, while the remaining 22 patients underwent sleeve gastrectomy. Weight, glucose, and lipid metabolism parameters were improved significantly after metabolic surgery. Age, BMI, insulin use, and duration were independent predictors of T2DM remission. The above four factors were defined with scores and developed ABID (age, BMI, insulin use, duration) scoring system. Patients with greater ABID scores had a greater probability of diabetes remission (from 0% at score 0 to 100% at score 4). The ABID score is a simple and easy-to-implement prediction score system of diabetes remission after metabolic surgery for T2DM patients with a BMI < 32.5 kg/m2.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is closely associated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, remission of insulin sensitivity after bariatric surgery in patients with T2DM and a body mass index (BMI) of 27.5–32.5 kg/m2 has not been fully elucidated.Methods: Thirty-six T2DM patients with a BMI of 27.5–32.5 kg/m2 were prospectively consecutively recruited for laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) or laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). Hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and other indicators were tested at baseline and 6 months postoperative. Glucose disposal rate (GDR), time to reach euglycemia, homeostatic model assessment of IR, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), triglyceride glucose (TyG) index, 30-min insulinogenic index (IGI30), and disposition index (DI) were calculated at baseline and 6 months after surgery. The criterion for remission in T2DM patients was the achievement of the triple composite endpoint.Results: Anthropometric and glucolipid metabolism parameters significantly improved following surgery. The GDR increased significantly from baseline to 6 months after LRYGB (from 4.28 ± 1.70 mg/kg/min to 8.47 ± 1.89 mg/kg/min, p < 0.0001) and LSG (from 3.18 ± 1.36 mg/kg/min to 7.09 ± 1.69 mg/kg/min, p < 0.001). The TyG index decreased after surgery (RYGB group, from 9.93 ± 1.03 to 8.60 ± 0.43, p < 0.0001; LSG group, from 10.04 ± 0.79 to 8.72 ± 0.65, p = 0.0002). There was a significant reduction in the IGI30 (RYGB group, from 2.04 ± 2.12 to 0.83 ± 0.47, p = 0.005; LSG group, from 2.12 ± 1.73 to 0.92 ± 0.66, p = 0.001). The mean DI significantly increased from 1.14 ± 1.35 to 7.11 ± 4.93 in the RYGB group (p = 0.0001) and from 1.25 ± 1.78 to 5.60 ± 4.58 in the LSG group (p = 0.003). Compared with baseline, HOMR-IR, QUICKI, area under the curve-C-peptide release test (AUC-CRT), and AUC-OGTT were significantly changed at 6 months postoperative. Overall, 52.63% of patients in the LRYGB group versus 29.41% of patients in the LSG group achieved the triple composite endpoint.Conclusion: Both LRYGB and LSG effectively induced remission of IR in patients with T2DM and a BMI of 27.5–32.5 kg/m2.

BackgroundSmoking was strongly associated with breast cancer in previous studies. Whether smoking promotes breast cancer through DNA methylation remains unknown.MethodsTwo-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were conducted to assess the causal effect of smoking-related DNA methylation on breast cancer risk. We used 436 smoking-related CpG sites extracted from 846 middle-aged women in the ARIES project as exposure data. We collected summary data of breast cancer from one of the largest meta-analyses, including 69,501 cases for ER+ breast cancer and 21,468 cases for ER− breast cancer. A total of 485 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were selected as instrumental variables (IVs) for smoking-related DNA methylation. We further performed an MR Steiger test to estimate the likely direction of causal estimate between DNA methylation and breast cancer. We also conducted colocalization analysis to evaluate whether smoking-related CpG sites shared a common genetic causal SNP with breast cancer in a given region.ResultsWe established four significant associations after multiple testing correction: the CpG sites of cg2583948 [OR = 0.94, 95% CI (0.91–0.97)], cg0760265 [OR = 1.07, 95% CI (1.03–1.11)], cg0420946 [OR = 0.95, 95% CI (0.93–0.98)], and cg2037583 [OR =1.09, 95% CI (1.04–1.15)] were associated with the risk of ER+ breast cancer. All the four smoking-related CpG sites had a larger variance than that in ER+ breast cancer (all p < 1.83 × 10−11) in the MR Steiger test. Further colocalization analysis showed that there was strong evidence (based on PPH4 > 0.8) supporting a common genetic causal SNP between the CpG site of cg2583948 [with IMP3 expression (PPH4 = 0.958)] and ER+ breast cancer. There were no causal associations between smoking-related DNA methylation and ER− breast cancer.ConclusionsThese findings highlight potential targets for the prevention of ER+ breast cancer. Tissue-specific epigenetic data are required to confirm these results.

Information is scarce on the five-year effect of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (LRYGB) on body composition for Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with a low BMI. This study aimed to evaluate the five-year changes in body composition in a Chinese T2DM cohort with a BMI < 32.5 kg/m2 after LRYGB. Twenty-seven T2DM patients were assessed preoperatively (baseline) and 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years after LRYGB with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). DXA assessments were completed in 100%, 85%, 85%, 85%, 48%, and 37% at baseline and 3 months, 6 months, 1 year, 3 years, and 5 years, respectively. For the whole body, fat-free mass and muscle mass decreased from 6 months to 5 years after LRYGB (P < 0.05), while bone mineral content decreased at 5 years after LRYGB (P < 0.05). Fat mass of different regions decreased from 3 months to 1 year (P < 0.05), and a similar magnitude of variation was observed in body fat mass percentage. A fat redistribution characterized by the regional fat proportion of trunk and android decreasing and the regional fat proportion of limbs gaining (P < 0.05) occurred at 5 years after LRYGB. For low BMI patients with T2DM, LRYGB led to a short-term reduction in FM and a lasting reduction in FFM. A metabolically healthy fat redistribution occurring 5 years after LRYGB might be a promising mechanism to explain the lasting benefits of LRYGB for T2DM patients with a low BMI.

With the development of blockchain, blockchain has a broad prospect as a new type of data management system. However, limited to the data modeling method of blockchain, the usability of blockchain is restricted; In addition, every blockchain system has its own native but naive interfaces, when developing based on the different blockchain systems, which will leads to low development efficiency and high development costs. In this study, we construct a SQL-Middleware for blockchain system to solve these problems. The SQL-Middleware first performs relational modeling of blockchain data, mapping the blockchain data into a relational table; On the basis of modeling the blockchain data, SQL-Middleware encapsulates a set of SQL interfaces for blockchain system, thus realizing the unification of interface access methods of different blockchain systems. At last, we implement the SQL-Middleware based on the open source blockchain system CITA. Demonstration shows that the SQL-Middleware greatly improves the data management capabilities of blockchain and simplifies the blockchain access steps.

The traditional data of satisfaction evaluation comes from questionnaire survey, however, the accuracy and objectivity need to be strengthened, the practical application value is limited. The output of the research is usually the result of satisfaction evaluation, but the deep reasons of low customer satisfaction are not deeply explored. The purpose of this study is to propose a new customer satisfaction evaluation method system based on big data. According to different data collection methods, three evaluation methods are proposed, namely business big data evaluation, crawler big data evaluation, hardware big data evaluation and so on, to test and evaluate the real customer satisfaction level. These methods are helpful for enterprises to strengthen innovation, so as to improve customer satisfaction and loyalty.

Service quality is increasingly recognized as being of key strategic value by organizations in both the wearable devices manufacturing and service sector. With the development of wearable devices technology, how to improve service quality becomes hot topic for wearable devices providers. This paper studies on the service quality of wearable devices based on the SERVQUAL model and establishes the assessment system to explore the factors influencing wearable devices service quality.

Multidimensional sleep trait, which is related to circadian rhythms closely, affects some cancers predominantly, while the relationship between sleep and lung cancer is rarely illustrated. We aimed to investigate whether sleep is causally associated with risk of lung cancer, through a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. The main analysis used publicly available GWAS summary data from two large consortia (UK Biobank and International Lung Cancer Consortium). Two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was used to examine whether chronotype, getting up in the morning, sleep duration, nap during the day, or sleeplessness was causally associated with the risk of lung cancer. Additionally, multivariate MR analysis was also conducted to estimate the direct effects between sleep traits and lung cancer risks independent of smoking status including pack years of smoking or current tobacco smoking. There was no evidence of causal association between chronotype, getting up in the morning, or nap during the day and lung cancer. Sleeplessness was associated with higher risk of lung adenocarcinoma (odds ratio 5.75, 95% confidence intervals 2.12-15.65), while sleep duration played a protective role in lung cancer (0.46, 0.26-0.83). In multivariate MR analysis, sleeplessness and sleep duration remained to have similar results. In conclusion, we found robust evidence for effect of sleeplessness on lung adenocarcinoma risk and inconsistent evidence for a protective effect of sleep duration on lung cancer risk.

The vortex electromagnetic (EM) wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) offers a new degree of freedom for radar techniques, although to date its application to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imaging has not yet been widely reported. In this letter, a SAR imaging model based on vortex EM waves is derived. Ku-band vehicle-borne vortex EM waves SAR experiment using phased uniform circular array antennas is reported for the first time. A detailed comparison with conventional plane EM waves SAR imaging is given in terms of signal-to-noise ratio and azimuth resolution. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed imaging model, and indicate that vortex EM waves can be exploited in SAR imaging with higher azimuth resolution than plane EM waves. OAM, which is completely independent of frequency and polarization, is a new degree of freedom in SAR imaging. This work shows the new applications of vortex EM waves, which paves the way for the development of novel SAR systems.

In this work, we developed a renewable wood-derived cathode with well-aligned elongated microchannels for high-performance Li–O2 batteries. The cathode was obtained from natural wood following carbonization, activation, and then loading of RuO2 nanoparticles (4.15 wt%) as catalysts (RuO2/WD-C). The cathode has a three-dimensional, high stability carbon matrix, uniformly anchored catalysts, and well-aligned porous microchannels. As a result, the specific areal capacity of the assembled batteries exceeds 8 mA h cm−2 and the charge terminal potential is lower than 3.8 V at 0.1 mA cm−2. The energy efficiency was improved up to 91.9% and exceeded 87.1% after 100 cycles (curtailed capacity of 0.5 mA h cm−2 at 0.2 mA cm−2). Furthermore, the RuO2/WD-C cathode can be fully regenerated from a deep discharge–charge cycle or 100 curtailed-capacity cycles by simply washing with water. The areal capacity of the regenerated RuO2/WD-C cathode is comparable to the performance of the initial cathode. The cut-off voltage was above 2.6 V following 200 cycles. Even when regenerated for the second time, the RuO2/WD-C cathode still demonstrated almost the same high performance as the initial one, indicating its high stability and excellent renewability.

Increasing attention is being paid to the clean and efficient mining and utilization of coal resources. Lignite is a major component of coal; however, its high moisture and volatile contents and low calorific value cause it to have low mining and utilization efficiencies. During the dehydration, upgrading and in-situ heat injection or underground coal gasification of lignite, its pore structure plays an important role in the pyrolysis and product transfer processes. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically study the high-temperature pore structure of lignite. The evolution of pore fissures in gas-pyrolyzed lignite was studied by nuclear magnetic resonance combined with a gas heating reactor and test device. We found that the total connectivity, porosity and permeability of lignite increased between temperatures of 25 °C and 250 °C, then decreased at 350 °C and increased again at 450 °C. At 450 °C, the porosity, effective porosity and permeability of lignite were 18.32%, 30.22% and 856.98 md, respectively. The evolution in the pore structure parameters of lignite with temperature was observed to determine the changes in seepage channels that occur during the processes of lignite mining and utilization.

Spontaneous combustion of coal is one of the major hazards threatening production safety during longwall mining. Mining-induced voids, which provide passages for air leakage, are the key factor triggering spontaneous combustion of coal in longwall goafs. In this study, a comprehensive method, which combined pressure balance, grouting injection, and filling fissures, was proposed to prevent spontaneous combustion of coal in longwall goafs with complex air leakage. Field engineering practice was carried out in Sitai Coal Mine in China. The results demonstrated that with the application of the proposed method, in the working face, the concentration of CO was decreased from 31ppm to 0 and the air leakage quantity was decreased from 261 to below 80 m3min-1. The gas samples analysis from the gob areas also indicated that concentrations of O2 and CO were successively decreased, indicating that the risk of spontaneous combustion of coal in goafs was eliminated. The above mentioned analysis indicates that, the method proposed in this study is useful and efficient. Successful application of this technology could provide reference for the treatment of other coal mines.

Vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves, which carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), offers a new degree of freedom for radar detection, although to date few researches on vortex EM waves scattering characteristics for typical targets have been reported. In this paper, we investigated the backscattering characteristics of vortex EM waves for targets, i.e., corner reflectors, and flat plate. Experiments are carried out in an anechoic chamber to measure the radar cross section (RCS) of the targets, and the results indicate that for corner reflectors the RCS fluctuations of vortex EM waves are similar to that of the plane EM wave, whereas for the flat plate, RCS varies with OAM mode. The significance of this work exists in its pioneering character, which paves the way for revealing EM scattering characteristics in OAM domain.

Taking the power load of an industrial park in Shanghai as an example in this paper, particle swarm optimization and cost-benefit model are employed to analyse the economy of new lithium-ion batteries, echelon lithium-ion batteries and lead-carbon batteries in photovoltaic energy storage systems in the whole life cycle. The research results showed that the economic order from large to small among different batteries in the photovoltaic energy storage system was new lithium-ion battery, echelon utilization lithium-ion battery and lead-carbon battery. The declines in energy storage cost and discount rate and the rise in peak electricity price can greatly improve the net present value of a photovoltaic-energy storage system (PV-BES) system.

Vortex electromagnetic (EM) waves with orbital angular momentum (OAM) offer a new degree of freedom for radar detection. Although to date few researches on target scattering characteristics of vortex EM waves have been reported. In this paper, the backscattering characteristics of vortex EM waves for a perfectly conducting wedge is investigated experimentally using the radar cross section (RCS) calibration measurement method. The experimental results show that for vortex EM waves, due to the specific spatial distribution, the RCS fluctuation of vortex EM waves is different from that of plane EM waves, and it varies with the OAM mode of the incident wave. The RCS of OAM beams is higher than that of the plane wave in some incident direction. This phenomenon indicates that vortex EM waves are more effective than plane EM waves to detect the low RCS target in some direction. And vortex EM waves of different OAM modes may be helpful to detect the low RCS target by increasing the RCS of the target.

A study has been carried out in four rectangular section roadways with different supporting methods in Yuwu Coal Company (a longwall mine), by measurements of airflow velocities in cross-section of the roadways. The asymmetrical distributions of airflow in each roadway section was obtained. The paper analyzes the low airflow velocity region of roadways through the drawing of the distributions of airflow in each roadway section. The supporting methods influence the low airflow velocity region around the roof and wall of roadways. It is shown that the low airflow velocity region increase with surface roughness of the roof and wall. The high airflow velocity region was located around the floor of the roadway with rough roof and wall. However, in the roadways with smooth roof and wall the high airflow velocity region was located around the center of section. The risk assessment should be carried out in the low airflow velocity region in the roadway with rough roof and wall. To ensure the safety of coal mining, higher volume of air intake or more smooth roof and wall of the roadways should be achieved in a dangerous zone.

Colloidal LiYbF 4 :Er 3+ nanorods were synthesized in an aqueous system which had the ratio of length to diameter of ∼2. These LiYbF 4 :Er 3+ nanorods emitted intense upconversion light under excitation of infrared at 1488 nm. Importantly, the intensities of two- and three-photon anti-Stokes upconversion PL bands were observed which were comparable to that of the Stokes emission under excitation with low power density. The plots of excitation power density versus emission intensity indicated that all the emissions centered at 549, 668, and 978 nm took a two-photon upconversion process. However, it could be simply deduced that the energy of two photons of 1488 nm were inadequate to produce a photon of 668 or 549 nm. For this conflict, the shape and saturation effects in the intermediate energy states were introduced to demonstrate the corresponding upconversion processes.

With the development of Internet, the amount of Information has been rapidly growing which is spread widely. In order to improve the value and accuracy of science information that is pushed in this paper, an intelligence dichotomous method for science information categorization to identify science information from massive Web news is presents. During the experiment, 85.3% recognition rate of the recognition non-tech news are realized and 82.9% accuracy rate, the results show that the method can effectively identify Web science information news and reduce the amount of independent news.

In order to improve the result of text dimension extraction, a text dimension reduction method which is based on CHI and TF-IDF is designed and realized. News websites on the Internet provide news articles, through the page analysis based on SVM and application method designed based on CHI and TF-IDF, good results achieved by extracting text dimensions from news website. According to the news articles from NetEase and ChinaNews, the proposed algorithm model of the text dimension extraction is designed and achieved 81.2% accuracy of the text classification, which provided the data support for the method designed. This method can make up a low frequency word defect of CHI and get efficient result on text classification.

It was mainly analysed a S-band printed quadrifilar helical antenna for communication devices in this paper. And a dielectric loaded wide beam printed quadrifilar helical antenna was designed. A two-stage isolation resistor was placed in wilkinson power divider. The simulation results of this antenna agree well with the measured results.According to the simulation results and measured results,the antenna had a good heart-shaped radiation pattern from 3.05GHz to 3.45GHz, 3dB power-width was more than 160°,the gain was greater than -2dB in the azimuth range, the axial ratio was lower than 5dB, and the VSWR was lower than 1.4. this printed quadrifilar helical antenna had good electromechanical characteristics,and low cost.

Repeated pattern is a common phenomenon in query result pages of deep web sites. The deep web back-end data can be accessed by mining repeated patterns. So far, most of the algorithms of discovering repeated pattern use traditional web information extraction methods. But the recall percentage and accuracy are not high. How to obtain the repeated pattern accurately and completely is still a difficulty. We propose a method based on the largest block strategy to discover such pattern. The core of the method is using the largest block strategy to discover the repeated pattern layer. We can quickly navigate to the region of the entity data, and then analyze the sub tree in this area, finally, get the simplified repeated pattern of the deep web site. According to the results of the experiment, this method can get the repeated pattern data more accurately and more completely than the traditional methods. It can also address the multi-pattern problem which has not been solved yet in other methods.

We present in this paper a wave coupling theory of linear electro-optic (EO) effect for quasi-phase matched (QPM) of focused Gaussian beam in an optical superlattice (OSL). The numerical results indicate that, due to the EO effect of an appropriate applied electric field, the output beam will form spatially inhomogeneous polarization, changing continuously in transverse section of beam; the confocal parameter has a significant impact on the output polarization of Gaussian beam and determines the half-wave voltage.

We propose theoretically a method for designing a narrowband multi-wavelength Solc-type filter based on the linear electro-optic effect in aperiodically poled lithium niobate. As one of its applications we demonstrate a thermally tuned 100 GHz spaced four-wavelength filter, whose working electric field is only 0.219 kV mm − 1 in an 8 cm long crystal. The filter allows four wavelengths to pass simultaneously with a 3 dB bandwidth of 0.26 nm, a passband of 32.5 GHz and a channel isolation of more than 8 dB, which can be tuned by temperature in a wide range at a rate of − 0.69 nm °C − 1. It is found that the domain errors of the aperiodically poled lithium niobate crystal within 25% are beneficial to the performance of the filter. The filter will be useful for dense wavelength division multiplexing optical communication systems.

We theoretically investigate the electro-optic coupling in an optical superlattice of linear chirped-periodically poled lithium niobate. It is found that the electro-optic coupling in such optical superlattice can work in a wide wavelength range. Some of examples, with bandwidths of 20, 40, 80, 120 nm, are demonstrated. The way to determine the electric field for perfect conversion between o- and e-ray and the method using apodized crystals of tanh profile to reduce the ripples are shown. As one of its applications, one kind of broadband Solc-type bandpass filter in optical communication range is proposed.