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The microscopic structure of a macroscopic material assembled from a nanoscale determines its performance in practical functional applications. The rapid, effective, and in situ characterization of...

The existing filtering methods for airborne LiDAR point cloud have low accuracy. An adaptive filtering algorithm is proposed which is improved based on multilevel resolution algorithm. First double...

Maggie Humm uses the notion that ‘Virginia Woolf is an experimental writer is now a truism’ to broaden the significance of Woolf at an oblique angle, in tracing an alternative women’s tradition of reading and identifying ‘the historical ties and resemblances’ between Woolf and two women not usually directly associated with her, Simone de Beauvoir and Mai Zetterling. In tracing the connections between the three women and in identifying ‘realms of resemblance’ between them she argues that recognising an unacknowledged history of women’s reading can enhance and enlarge our understanding of Woolf’s legacy: the work of feminist critics is thus archaeological and compensatory in unearthing new connections and possibilities between women writers we think we know well.

The paper presents transmission and reflection properties of multilayered chiro-ferrite mediums-based structure under the π/4 oblique angle of incidence of the electromagnetic (EM) wave. The spectral characteristics of bi-layer periodic structure revealed its possible usage as optical filter under the choice of suitable parameters. In particular, the chiro-ferrite structure under consideration can act as band-stop filter without the usage of defects in the configuration. Furthermore, in the case of TM-polarized wave, the structure exhibited strong filtering properties.

The paper deals with scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves by perfectly magnetic conducting (PMC) cylinder coated with chiro-ferrite medium under the assumption of oblique angle of incidence wave with perpendicular polarization (transverse electric; TE). An on-demand (in respect of orientation) kind of conducting sheath helix structure is assumed to exist at the outer surface of cylinder. The effects of sheath helix orientation, along with the material parameters, such as chirality admittance and gyrotropy, on the echo width as well as the magnitude and phase of the electric and magnetic fields are investigated. Control on the anisotropic property remains greatly useful in obtaining the required optical response from the scatterer — the feature which would find fabulous sensing related applications.

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures (CPNs) with a strong chiroptical response in visible and near-infrared regions were fabricated with homemade SiO2 chiral templates through oblique angle deposition. The circular dichroism spectra of the CPNs showed that the chiroptical response was amplified with increased deposition thickness of silver. Simulation results demonstrated that only the magnetic dipole mode was excited when the deposition thickness was small. Magnetic and electric dipoles emerged and coupled to each other with increased silver deposition thickness. As a result, chiroptical enlargement occurred. This study provides a concise method of fabricating CPNs with a tunable chiroptical response.

We introduce a vision-based technique to recognize static hand poses and dynamic finger tapping gestures. Our approach employs a camera on the wrist, with a view of the opisthenar (back of the hand) area. We envisage such cameras being included in a wrist-worn device such as a smartwatch, fitness tracker or wristband. Indeed, selected off-the-shelf smartwatches now incorporate a built-in camera on the side for photography purposes. However, in this configuration, the fingers are occluded from the view of the camera. The oblique angle and placement of the camera make typical vision-based techniques difficult to adopt. Our alternative approach observes small movements and changes in the shape, tendons, skin and bones on the opisthenar area. We train deep neural networks to recognize both hand poses and dynamic finger tapping gestures. While this is a challenging configuration for sensing, we tested the recognition with a real-time user test and achieved a high recognition rate of 89.4% (static poses) and 67.5% (dynamic gestures). Our results further demonstrate that our approach can generalize across sessions and to new users. Namely, users can remove and replace the wrist-worn device while new users can employ a previously trained system, to a certain degree. We conclude by demonstrating three applications and suggest future avenues of work based on sensing the back of the hand. Postprint

Deep drawing is one of the special methods for the sheet metal forming in the pressure processing field. This method is applied to manufacture the mechanical products with the deep and complex shapes. The influences of oblique angle of die surface to the product quality of the metallic forming are diccussed. This study uses the Abaqus software to simulate for four cases of the oblique angle of the die surface in the sheet metal forming processes. With each the simulation cases, the result shows that the wall thickness, material distribution and forming pressure are different for each various products. Moreover, the simulation results support a useful data table for the research and manufacturing in the deep drawing field. Nguyen Van Quang | Pham Van Lieu "Study About Effects of Oblique Angle of Die Surface to the Product Quality in the Deep Drawing" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23860.pdf

A new process for simultaneous generation and positioning of microdroplets within a single step named oblique interface shearing (OIS) is reported based on the observation that liquid microdroplets generated by vibrating a thin capillary across the air-liquid interface at an oblique angle exhibit notable lateral displacements. An analytical model is established to describe the lateral droplet displacement induced by the Stokes drift effect. The dependency of the lateral displacement on typical operating parameters allows for on-demand droplet positioning while they are produced. The efficacy of the process is validated through delivering microdroplets with the same size to different positions as well as size-dependent positioning of these microdroplets.

A simple procedure is demonstrated for fabrication of waveplates which can be released from substrate by laser cutting. Oblique angle deposition, chemical etching and laser inscription steps were used for the final lift-off and release of micro-waveplates in HCl solution., 3 pages

Recent studies have demonstrated that extended imaging depth can be achieved using dual-axis optical coherence tomography (DA-OCT). By illuminating and collecting at an oblique angle, multiple forward scattered photons from large probing depths are preferentially detected. However, the mechanism behind the enhancement of imaging depth needs further illumination. Here, the signal of a DA-OCT system is studied using a Monte Carlo simulation. We modeled light transport in tissue and recorded the spatial and angular distribution of photons exiting the tissue surface. Results indicate that the spatial separation and offset angle created by the non-telecentric scanning configuration promote the collection of more deeply propagating photons than conventional on-axis OCT.

”George Eliot” came into existence on 4 February 1857, as the pseudonym offered by 37-year-old fledgling novelist Marian Evans to her new publisher, William Blackwood, to use as “a tub to throw to the whale in case of curious inquiries” ( GEL , ii:292). Of all the pen names adopted by Victorian writers, George Eliot's is the one that has proven the most enduring, the one that did not fade away once the gender and identity of the author became known. Even now, after countless biographies have charted the personal life of the brilliant woman who managed to live always at an oblique angle to Victorian middle-class respectability, “George Eliot” retains its singular power to identify both the person and the writer. Exactly because it is an assumed name, it brings into play the odd quality of a life that could develop its great capacities only under the cover of partly fictional social roles. It is also the only stable name attached to the person who was baptised Mary Anne Evans after her birth on 22 November 1819. Each new stage of her life was accompanied by a change in signature, so that one might tell a version of George Eliot's story by following the series of names she asked her friends to call her. Above all, “George Eliot,” laden with all we know about her through her letters, journals, essays, poems, and novels, represents the triumph of a woman's intellectual breadth and ambition through its expression in writing.

Characterization of delamination fields in 3D for impact-damaged composites is necessary to achieve the USAF objective of damage tolerance for polymer matrix composites. Oblique angle pulse echo ultrasound inspection has been hypothesized as a potential technique to address this nondestructive characterization need, and modeling results presented last year support this hypothesis. Experimental results are presented showing that the received signals are much lower than predicted by the idealized model, and lower than could reasonably be detected without a priori knowledge of the delamination field. Reasons for this are presented and discussed.

In the present research work, a 44 layer reflective notch filter using Al2O3 – SiO2 multilayer structure has been designed and optimized for an oblique angle of incidence of 45°. The multilayer structure was then deposited on BK7 substrate using Ion Assisted electron-beam Deposition (IAD) technique and the fabricated filter was characterized for its optical properties using UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer.

An adequate discharging homogeneity of fresh concrete is the benefit of avoiding segregation and pipe blocking. In this article, the discrete element method was used to simulate the discharging process of fresh concrete in truck mixer. GB/T 9142 was used to examine the discharging homogeneity through five samples. It was found that the content of coarse aggregate is higher in the first and fifth samples but lower in the third sample than the standard C30 fresh concrete. The homogeneity of the second and fourth samples is higher than the others. These findings are consistent with experimental observations. Moreover, the standard deviation was proposed to scale the discharging homogeneity of mixture, which could present more comprehensive information besides the five samples used in GB/T 9142 standard. The effect of mixing speed, mixing time, discharging speed, and oblique angle on the discharging homogeneity was further discussed. The numerical results reveal that the discharging homogeneity of fre...

A comprehensive study including laboratory tests and numerical modeling was performed to investigate factors of rock bolt fracture. Experimental tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical performances of bolt ends including the thread and adjacent. The effects of installation angle, pretension and accessories (plate, washer and nut) were evaluated. It is found that a bolt installed with an oblique angle to roadway surface suffers a complex stress combination of tensioning, bending and twisting on the bolt. This complex stress is much greater than the tensile stress, leading to cracking and growth at the location of bending causing the thread to fail even though the tensile stress is less than the yield strength. Bolt thread is more vulnerable to fracture than rebar.

This paper reports that a ladder-shaped chiral nanostructure formed on a glass substrate by oblique angle deposition technique, where hexagonal close-packed (HCP) etched microspheres were removed. The nanostructure exhibits Circular Dichroism (CD). Moreover, the CD of this structure in different local area presents anisotropy, which was investigated both experimentally and theoretically. This chiral nanostructure lay the groundwork for the applications in chiral optical devices.

The prepsoas oblique approach to the lumbar spine provides many similar benefits of the transpsoas lateral approach. Because the psoas is not traversed, however, many of the postoperative complications associated with psoas violation are reduced. Working at an oblique angle to the spine can be challenging and the approach may be unfamiliar for the surgeon. Thais article provides a technical description and nuances of the approach.

Advanced materials interfaces 5(18), 1800530 (2018). doi:10.1002/admi.201800530, This work reports a thorough characterization analysis of various porous thin film multilayers by means of grazing‐incidence small‐angle X‐ray scattering (GISAXS). Alternated TiO2/SiO2 nanocolumnar layers deposited at oblique angles are fabricated in slanted, chiral, and zig‐zag configurations by rotating azimuthally the substrate from one layer to the next. Multilayer systems formed by the stacking of 3 and 15 alternant thin films of these two oxides are morphologically characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and structurally by GISAXS. This technique has provided a means to determine various vertical and lateral correlation lengths and to assess the anisotropic electron density distribution along the structural elements existing in the multilayers. This information can be systematically used to account for the actual arrangement of nanostructural elements in multilayer systems., Published by Wiley-VCH, Weinheim

Energycane is a promising bioenergy crop for warm south-eastern US regions and existing sugarcane machinery is being adapted for energycane cultivation. Because of energycane's comparatively higher fibre content and smaller stem diameters, the cutting blades must be optimized for energycane harvesting and size reduction. To optimize cutting blade designs, this study investigated the effect of cutting speed and blade oblique angle on cutting energy. An impact type cutting mechanism was used to determine the cutting energy cost of individual stems. The results showed that the specific cutting energy increases with cutting speed. The lowest average specific energy was 0.26 J mm−1 for a 60° oblique cut at an average cutting speed of 7.9 m s−1, whereas the highest average specific cutting energy was 1.24 J mm−1 for a straight cut at an average cutting speed of 16.4 m s−1. The specific cutting energy showed a close correlation with stem diameter and stem cross-sectional area. For a 30° oblique angle at 11.3 m s−1 average cutting speed, the cutting energy varied from 4.5 to 15 J as the energycane stem diameter varied from 11 to 17 mm. Comparisons with sugarcane studies indicated that optimisation of cutting speed and blade oblique angle can result in significant savings in cutting energy, whilst simultaneously improving the quality of cut. This study emphasises the need for further investigation of the energycane cutting process especially at higher cutting speeds with cutting devices with varying moments of inertia.

Background: This study sought to determine safe ranges of oblique angle, skin entry point and needle length by reviewing computed tomography (CT) scans and to evaluate the usefulness of a bent tip needle during celiac plexus block (CPB). Methods: CT scans of 60 CPB patients were reviewed. Image of the uppermost margin of L2 vertebral body was used to measure the minimal and maximal oblique angles and the distances from the midline to skin puncture point. The imaginary needle trajectory distance was calculated by three-dimensional measurement. When the procedure was performed by using a 10o bent tip needle under a 20o oblique X-ray fluoroscopic view, the distance (GF/G’F) from the midline to the actual puncture site was measured. Results: The imaginary safe oblique angle range was 26.4.34.2o and 27.7.36.0o on the right and left, respectively. The distance from the midline to skin puncture point was 6.1.7.6 cm on the right and 6.3.7.6 cm on the left. The needle trajectory distance at minimal angle was 9.6.11.6 cm on the right and 9.5.11.5 cm on the left. The distance of GF/G’F was 5.1.6.5 cm and 5.0.6.4 cm on the right and left, respectively. All imaginary parameters were correlated with BMI except for GF/G’F. All complications were mild and transient. Conclusions: We identified safe values of angles and distances using a straight needle. Furthermore, using a bent tip needle under a 20o oblique fluoroscopic view, we could safely perform CPB with smaller parameter values. (Korean J Pain 2015; 28: 109-115)

When investigating nickel (Ni) thin films deposited by using an oblique angle deposition (OAD) technique, we find a strong correlation between the structural, electrical, and optical properties. The microstructure of the Ni thin-films is largely influenced by the deposition angle of the OAD technique. By increasing the deposition angle, we find that the sheet resistance of the Ni thin-films increases superlinearly and that the optical reflectance of the films increases. These results are explained by the degree of formation of a columnar nanostructure during OAD deposition.

In this work we analyze a phenomenon that takes place when growing magnetron sputtered porous/compact multilayer systems by alternating the oblique angle and the classical configuration geometries. We show that the compact layers develop numerous fissures rooted in the porous structures of the film below, in a phenomenon that amplifies when increasing the number of stacked layers. We demonstrate that these fissures emerge during growth due to the high roughness of the porous layers and the coarsening of a discontinuous interfacial region. To minimize this phenomenon, we have grown thin interlayers between porous and compact films under the impingement of energetic plasma ions, responsible for smoothing out the interfaces and inhibiting the formation of structural fissures. This method has been tested in practical situations for compact TiO/porous SiO multilayer systems, although it can be extrapolated to other materials and conditions., Authors acknowledge the University of Seville (VPPI-US), the Junta de Andalucía (TEP8067, TEP5283 and P12–2265MO) and the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (MAT2013-42900-P, MAT2013-40852-R, MAT2016-79866-R, MAT2015-69035-REDC) for financial support.

The prepsoas retroperitoneal approach is a minimally invasive technique used for anterior lumbar interbody fusion. The approach may have a more favorable risk profile than the transpsoas approach, decreasing the risks that come with dissecting through the psoas muscle. However, the oblique angle of the spine in the prepsoas approach can be disorienting and challenging. This technical report provides an overview of the use of navigation in prepsoas oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion in a series of 49 patients.

AIM: This study aimed to compare the stresses generated by using two or four root form dental implants supporting mandibular overdentures that were retained with ball and locator attachments.METHODS: Under ANSYS environment, four 3D finite element models were prepared. These models simulated complete overdentures supported by two or four implants with either ball or locator attachments as a connection mechanism. The models’ components were created by CAD/CAM package then were imported to ANSYS. Load of 100 N was applied at the right premolar/molar region vertically and at an oblique angle of 110° from lingual direction.RESULTS: Within the conditions of this research, in all cases, it was found that cortical and cancellous bone regions were the least to be stressed. Also, the ball attachment produced higher stresses.CONCLUSION: Caps deformation and stresses are negligible in cases of using locator attachment in comparison to ball attachments. This may indicate longer lifetime and less repair/maintenance operations in implant overdentures retained by locator attachments. Although the study revealed that bone was insensitive to a number of implants or attachment type, it may be recommended to use two implants in the canine region than using four, where the locator attachments were found to be better.

This work presents an innovative design for a flow-through dielectrophoretic cell sorting based on silicon bulk microelectrodes featuring sidewall undercuts. The microelectrodes are configured into an interdigitated array with digits extending across the flow chamber at an oblique angle against the flow stream. Target cells under dielectrophoretic forces and hydrodynamic drag can slide along the digits to a dedicated outlet. The design has been showcased for continuous-flow sorting of viable and non-viable mammalian cells, achieving a throughput of 16,600 cells/min, an order of magnitude higher than those reported for existing continuous-flow cell sorting designs using thin-film or volumetric microelectrodes.

SiO2 nanocolumns as spacers are introduced into plasmonic antireflective structure by oblique angle deposition. The deposition angles determine the morphology of SiO2 and the size distributions of Ag particles, which results in different reflections.

Harvesting is a crucial component of sugarcane production system. In this article, we critically reviewed harvesting technologies currently being used in commercial sugarcane production. A brief introduction of two harvesting practices were presented (burnt cane harvesting and green cane harvesting) and two harvesting modes (whole stalk harvesting and chopper harvesting) were introduced including a brief discussion on their advantages, limitations, and technical challenges. It is followed by a comprehensive review of two core technologies of current sugarcane harvesters: cane base cutting and feeding mechanisms. The influence of base cutter kinematic and geometric parameters, such as blade cutting velocity, disc tilt angle, blade number, blade oblique angle, and blade shape on harvesting efficiency and cutting quality, were reviewed. Relevant inventions and technologies used to adjust feeding rate, arrange stalks into uniform orientation, and maintain uniform billet lengths were reviewed and summarized. In addition, anti-plugging apparatus used to improve feeding efficiency were discussed. Finally, potential new technologies were recommended for improving the performance and adaptability of sugarcane harvesters.

Twenty-eight sex- and age-matched participants, half dextrals and half sinstrals, were instructed to move a pen-sized planometer three inches (7.6 cm) while blindfolded. Under separate trials, movements were made at four angles, towards and away from the body, and at two distances from the body (30 cm, 53 cm). Half were made with the right hand and half with the left hand. Line estimates increased in length across blocks of trials in a linear fashion and progressively overestimated the three-inch imagined criterion. Lines made moving towards the body were longer than those made moving away from the body, implying an egocentric frame of reference in making the estimates. Line estimates made at an oblique angle differed significantly from estimates made at other angles. No influences of sex, handedness, or the hand used in making the estimates were observed. The findings suggest that motoric estimates of line lengths made without visual cues—a unique measure of an implicit cognitive concept—are significantly altered by temporal and spatial factors, but not by sex or hemispheric laterality.

Ti@MoOx core–shell nanorod arrays with diameters within 100 nm were fabricated by electrodepositing MoOx on a Ti nanorod array prepared by oblique angle deposition. A high areal capacitance of 27 mF cm−2 and satisfactory cycling stability were obtained. After post-annealing, MoO2 grains were introduced to enhance the rate capability, suggesting a potential pseudocapacitive micro-electrode. Keywords: Ti nanorod array, Molybdenum oxide, Oblique angle deposition, Electrodeposition, Micro-supercapacitor

CuIn 0.8 Ga 0.2 Se 2 (CIGS) is a chalcogenide semiconducting material used as absorbing layer in photovoltaic cell. In the present study, CIGS thin films were deposited on bare soda lime glass substrate by RF magnetron sputtering at various oblique angles. The structural, surface morphological, film surface roughness, optical, and electrical properties of CIGS thin films were studied at various oblique angles. Films were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer and four probe method. XRD revealed that all the deposited thin films were polycrystalline with preferred peak intensity along (112) plane. The film deposited at 0° (target- substrate parallel) exhibited larger crystallite size (28 nm) with low dislocation density (1.2×10 15 lines m -2 ). The film surface at this angle was more compact and uniform in comparison to the films deposited at other deposition angles. The optical data revealed that the film exhibits more transparency (23%) at higher oblique angle (60°). The optical band gap of developed film was found to be 1.33 eV at 60° while 1.14 eV at 0°. Slanting morphology was observed at higher oblique angle. The electrical resistivity was following an increasing trend with rise in oblique angle.

The parallel reservoir perforating technology enables each shot hole in the gun to be fired in a direction parallel to the reservoir at a set angle, realizing a new technique in which the perforating projectile and the reservoir are parallel. The technology can be combined with the azimuth perforating technology. For the oblique angle of the reservoir and the wellbore, the oil pipe conveying type azimuth perforating technology, the inclined well self-orientation perforating technology and the modular cable perforating technology can be used for construction. The technology can effectively reduce the fracture pressure of reservoir construction, improve the productivity of medium and low permeability reservoir oil wells, and meet the needs of low permeability, thin poor layer and special well development and transformation.

Plasmonics based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) has found many exciting applications recently. Those applications usually require a good morphological and structural control of metallic nanostructures. Oblique angle deposition (OAD) has been demonstrated as a powerful technique for various plasmonic applications due to its advantages in controlling the size, shape, and composition of metallic nanostructures. In this review, we focus on the fabrication of metallic nanostructures by OAD and their applications in plasmonics. After a brief introduction to OAD technique, recent progress of applying OAD in fabricating noble metallic nanostructures for LSPR sensing, surface-enhanced Raman scattering, surface-enhanced infrared absorption, metal-enhanced fluorescence, and metamaterials, and their corresponding properties are reviewed. The future requirements for OAD plasmonics applications are also discussed.

The two cross-roll straightening process at room temperature is a manufacturing method for improving the straightness of a drawn wire. The distribution and magnitude of the internal and surface residual stresses of the drawn wire are changed after the wire-drawing process through the two cross-rolls; this also results in a change in the diameter of the drawn wire. The remaining residual stresses of the drawn wire after the wire-drawing dimensional changes were analyzed according to the distance between the rolls, oblique angle between the axes of the roll and the wire, predicted residual stresses, and dimensional change in the final product. The oblique angle between the concave and convex rolls did not affect the residual stresses or dimensional change, but the distance between rolls did.

To determine the individual values of the two strain components by separate principal strains, a theoretical model of strain separation by oblique incidence with a new luminescent photoelastic coating configuration is presented. Considering the non-strain related refraction effect included in the total optical response at oblique incidence, the small incidence angle technique for simplifying the post-processing complexity is given. To affirm the validity of this strain separation method based on small oblique angles, the signal-to-noise ratio for providing sufficient signal intensity has been theoretically analyzed.

Silicon solar cell modules, where the EVA layer is replaced by an air gap, are able to produce the same electric power as standard modules with EVA only if their anti-reflective properties are enhanced. We propose a method to do this by exploiting the fact that, on Si surfaces textured with random pyramids, light incident from near normal angle always hits at least two pyramidal faces before being reflected back toward the sun. If these two faces are covered with an anti-reflective coating (ARC) made of one and the same material but with two different thicknesses, the coating acts as a double ARC. Such a coating can be produced by depositing the SiN x layer from an oblique angle,optimally from 14.7°. Our detailed raytracing analysis predicts that J sc can then be improved by 0.2 mA/cm 2 for normal incident sunlight and AM1.5 g standard illumination, and is improved for all angles within a cone with an apex angle of approximately 64°. Furthermore, the coating can be optimized for modules in vertical mounting, where a Jsc gain of 0.1 mA/cm2 is predicted for an angle of incidence of 40°.

Equal channel angular rolling (ECAR) is a severe plastic deformation (SPD) process in order to achieve ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure. In this paper, the mechanical properties of ECAR process using artificial neural network (ANN) and nonlinear regression have been illustrated. For this purpose, a multilayer perceptron (MLP) based feed-forward ANN has been used to predict the mechanical properties of ECARed Al5083 sheets. Channel oblique angle, number of passes and the route of feeding are considered as ANN inputs and tensile strength, elongation and hardness are considered as the outputs of ANN. In addition, the relationship between input parameters and mechanical properties were extracted separately using nonlinear regression method. Comparing the outputs of models and experimental results shows that models used in this study can predict and estimate mechanical properties appropriately. Where, the performance of ANN model is better than the correlations to predict mechanical properties. Finally, the developed outputs of neural network model are used to analyze the effects of input parameters on tensile strength, elongation and hardness of ECARed Al5083 sheets.

The plasmonic property of Ag patchy particles fabricated using a colloid monolayer and oblique angle deposition shows significant variations due to the multidomain nature of the monolayer. A swinging oblique angle deposition method is proposed to create uniform patchy particles. Both numerical calculations and experiment show that when the swinging angle is larger than 90°, the resulting plasmonic patchy particles have similar morphology and demonstrate uniform optical response that does not depend on the monolayer domain orientation. These uniform patchy plasmonic particles have great potential for plasmonic-based applications.

The oriented Co80Ir20 soft magnetic thin films with adjustable in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field and strong negative magnetocrystalline anisotropy ( $$K_{\text{u}}^{\text{grain}}$$ ) were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The oblique angle dependence of the static and high-frequency properties for the oriented Co80Ir20 soft magnetic films was systematically investigated. The results suggest that the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy field (H u) can be adjusted by changing the oblique angle, while the total out-of-plane anisotropy field remains invariable. With the increase in the oblique angle, the value of H u varies from 80 to 310 Oe. As a result, the natural resonance frequency (f r) significantly increases from 4.6 to 7.9 GHz.

In order to solve the problem of tooth concave error appeared in the shaving course of non-modification disk-shaped shaving cutter, the worm type shaving cutter of open groove is studied. Firstly, the basic structure of the shaving cutter and the manufacturing process will be introduced in detail. The angle of front cutting edge is -30 ° or 30 °, and then the coincidence degree is approximately equal to 2, when the tool cut the gear in the direction of the oblique angle. Secondly, the tooth profile precision will be able to be achieved though circular grinding method based on both sides of the worm. Finally, the free shaving principle is discussed by analyzing the shaving movement, the drive speed and the cutting speed. According to the shaving gear experiment, the results show that the tooth precisions reach to the 6 grades.

Oblique angle ion etching at incidences of 30° and 75° from surface normal were used to produce sharp tipped topographical features on Ti6Al4V alloy. The 30° etching resulted in a random distribution of needles raising ~ 4 μm from the base surface, while needles from the 75° etching laid closer to the surface. The cellular response of these surfaces was evaluated by a weeklong culture of hFOB 1.19 cells. It was shown that the features of the 30° etch prevented cells from spreading while cells on the 75° etched surface displayed preferential elongation in the direction of the needles.

Previous studies highlighted the need to develop efficient harvesting and size reduction equipment for miscanthus. This study investigated the effect of blade oblique angles and cutting speeds on cutting energy. Cutting blade speed, before and after severing a single miscanthus stem, was used to calculate the cutting energy. The cutting energy was determined at three oblique angles and three cutting speeds. A 60° oblique angle cut required the least energy to cut miscanthus stems averaging about 7.6 J whilst a 30° oblique cut averaged 8.7 J and a straight cut averaged 10.1 J. In general, the 60° oblique cut performed best since it required average lowest specific energy (energy per unit of stem diameter) of 741.9 J m−1 at an average cutting speed of 12.9 m s−1. The specific cutting energy was directly proportional to the cutting speed and cutting energy was proportional to the stem diameter. The results indicate that optimisation of cutting speed and blade oblique angle will result in significant energy savings and increased efficiency of miscanthus harvesting machinery.

Ultrafast exciton dynamics of aligned polycrystalline nanorod arrays composed of CdSe or CdSe/TiO2 grown on conductive glass substrates using oblique angle deposition/codeposition have been studied...

Background Transforaminal epidural steroid injection is one of the effective treatments in managing radicular pain. There have been some prospective studies on the depth to the epidural space with the transforaminal approach. However, there have been no studies about the depth in Asians, especially Koreans. This study was carried out in order to evaluate the depth to the epidural space and the oblique angle and factors that influence the depth to the epidural space during lumbar transforaminal epidural injection. Methods A total of 248 patients undergoing fluoroscopically guided transforaminal epidural steroid injections were evaluated. At the L3-4, L4-5, L5-S1, and S1 levels, we measured the oblique angle and depth to the epidural space. Results Needle depth was positively associated with body mass index (correlation coefficient 0.52, P = 0.004). The median depths (in centimeters) to the epidural space were 6.13 cm, 6.42 cm, and 7.13 cm for 50-60 kg, 60-70 kg, and 70-80 kg groups, respectively, at L5-S1. Age and height were not significantly associated with the needle depth. Conclusions There is a positive association between the BMI (and weight) and transforaminal epidural depth but not with age, sex, and height.

The monolithic flexible joint is introduced as a novel component of inertial guidance instrument. The angular stiffness of the joint is investigated by employing theory of flexure hinges considering the key part of the joint is a variation of the common circular flexure hinge. Closed-form equation is formulated to unify the typical angular stiffness equations developed by other authors in terms of the circular hinge, and the main variables of the formulation are also discussed. Finite element models of the monolithic joint are built to confirm the analytical model predictions. A measuring system controlled by computer is also developed to evaluate the angular stiffness of the monolithic flexible joint. Checked against finite element analysis and experimental measurement data, the analytical model predictions are within 7% error margins. The study results indicate that the angular stiffness is more sensitive to the minimal thickness of hinge and less sensitive to the notch angle and the oblique angle of hinge.