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Multiple layers block overlapped histogram equalization (MLBOHE) is a classic image enhancement method. However, median filter is used in it to reduce noises which cause the degeneration of the local information. Moreover, the hidden details are not revealed effectively during the image fusion processes. To solve these drawbacks, an adaptive image enhancement method using contrast limitation is proposed in this paper. Based on MLBOHE, the proposed method employs a contrast limited method to suppress noises before BOHE is performed in each layer sub-blocks. Then an improved image fusion mode is applied to adaptively merge the multilayered BOHE images. The way to obtain the fusion weights by this fusion mode is according to the entropy value of each layer sub-blocks. In addition, four Image Quality Measures (IQMs), namely peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), image clarity, contrast measure (EME) and feature similarity index metric (FSIM), are used to analyze the effectiveness of the proposed method. Simulation results show that the proposed method has high performance in suppressing noises and displaying more trustworthy details. Besides, this method outperforms the existing methods in weakening the excessive enhancement for low illumination and foggy images.

A 22-year-old man suffered from acute pulmonary hemorrhage and deteriorated renal function occurred within 3 days after traumatic brain injury. Mechanical ventilation cannot correct his severe hypoxemia, therefore, venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO) support was initiated and finally resolved his hypoxemia. Concomitantly, continuous renal replacement therapy was performed to improve his kidney function. Although no anti-glomerular basement membrane (anti-GBM) antibody was detected in serum, Goodpasture's syndrome was considered. After treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy and plasmapheresis, his renal function was significantly improved. ECMO was eventually discontinued after 60 hours of treatment and extubated on day 10. He was discharged home with normal pulmonary and renal functions.

One method for three-dimensional (3D) measurement based on 23 binary structured light patterns is proposed for the medical electronic endoscope in the present study. The patterns are designed by using simple logical operations and tools from combinatorial mathematics. First, we project these patterns onto the objects in proper order, and all the modulated patterns are captured by a CMOS camera. Then, a series of preprocessing methods which contain projector-camera calibration, reflection detection and suppression, radial and tangential distortion correction are used to process these modulated patterns. Finally, we decode the patterns and reconstruct the shape of objects by structured light triangulation. An experimental prototype endoscope is built and the results of experiments on real pig stomach show that the proposed method is effective. The precise of depth measurement at the working distance of 80 mm is better than 0.5 mm.

Due to structural degradation, the performance of concrete bridges may degrade with time and result in catastrophic consequences. A novel approach is developed for evaluating the time-variant reliability of multi-girder concrete bridges considering the effects of the load-carrying mechanism and redundancy. By considering three failure modes at both the component and system levels, a new performance indicator is proposed for quantitatively evaluating the load elastic distribution and plastic redistribution among multiple girders. The adverse effects of material deterioration on the structural capacity, ductility, redundancy, load-carrying capacity, and failure mechanism are also investigated and incorporated into the analytical procedure, in which an incremental nonlinear finite element analysis of a 3D fiber beam element is used. Furthermore, the results associated with full-scale destructive tests of two in situ deteriorated bridges, a reinforced concrete (RC) and a prestressed RC (PRC) T-girder bridge, are adopted to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed approach. The feasibility and satisfactory performance of the proposed framework are evaluated using these two real-world bridges. The results demonstrate that the load-carrying mechanism and redundancy significantly affect the structural ultimate load-carrying capacity and time-variant reliability of deteriorating structures.

We propose a homography-based search (HBS) algorithm for block motion estimation.We use optical flow tracking algorithm to obtain homography between two frames.Adaptive thresholds are adopted in our method to classify different kinds of blocks. Due to the constrained movement of pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras, two frames in the video sequences captured by such cameras can be geometrically related by a relationship (homography). This geometric relationship is helpful for reducing the spatial redundancy in video coding. In this paper, by exploiting the homography between two frames with optical flow tracking algorithm, we propose a novel homography-based search (HBS) algorithm for block motion estimation in coding the sequences captured by PTZ cameras. In addition, adaptive thresholds are adopted in our method to classify different kinds of blocks. Compared with other traditional fast algorithms, the proposed HBS algorithm is proved to be more efficient for the sequences captured by PTZ cameras. And compared to our previous work in ICME (Cui et al., 2011), which only deals with pan-tilt (PT) camera and calculates the homography with mechanical devices, in this extended work we compute the homography by using information on images instead.

One method for three-dimensional (3D) measurement based on structured light is proposed for the medical electric endoscope in the present study. The structured light of black and white strips is generated by that the point sources illuminate the grating mask plate. Four point sources are aligned linearly by a certain space and they are lighted sequentially. Then four images of modulated fringes by the height of object with different phase shifts can be obtained. The algorithm proposed by Wang Z is employed to extract the accurate phase shift from the fringe images since the phase shift cannot be exactly set as π/2 by hardware. An experimental prototype endoscope was built according to the proposed method. One high-definition CMOS camera module developed by ourselves was used to acquire the endoscopic images and the structured light was generated by four fiber LEDs and a transmission grating with a pitch of 0.1 mm. one C# program was designed to light up LEDs in turn, acquire the phase shifted images and calculate the 3D information. The experimental results indicate that its precise of depth measurement at the working distance of 40 mm is better than 0.5 mm and its consuming time of 3D depth calculation is less than 0.5 s.

Hydrological exploration tests are designed and field data are acquired. By combination of theories and experiments, hydro geological condition and water filling factors of Mayingbao coal mine field are analyzed systematically aiming to ascertaining threatening degree of water hazard of the mine field and studying theory of mine water hazard prevention and control. According to coupling theory between GIS and AHP, models of “water abundance index” and “vulnerability index” are founded respectively. By methods of “three maps-double predictions” and “vulnerability index”, water inrush probability from roof and floor of chief exploitable coal seams in the mine field are evaluated quantitatively. Comprehensive regionalization of roof water filling probability and evaluation regionalization of floor water inrush vulnerability of the seams are formed. Based on above study, water inflow of first mining area is predicted and suggestion of water prevention and control for safety production is put forward. Nonlinear and multivariate theory in present geoscience research is improved because of the above results and the research provides necessary basic data for the mine designing, preliminary and feasibility research and subsequent safety production.

With the STX-50 pneumatic-typed dynamic triaxial system, the undrained dynamic triaxial tests on the saturated cohesive soil are performed to study the dynamic strength properties. The changing process of the dynamic strength, backbone curve and the soil deformation of the cohesive soil under dynamic load are zoom analysis by stages to get their regularity. It is found that the stage change of the dynamic strength, backbone curve and the soil deformation all exist, which the stage I of the soil deformation has little damage, the stage III is not allowed, the stage II is determined by the importance of the concrete and the sensitive degree to the deformation. In order to analysis the deformation stability and stress stability of the formation in the effect of the dynamic load, provide qualitative and quantitative basis for the soil dynamic study.

Based upon the synopsis of big data and electronic information system, this paper puts up the data framework, carries out practical analysis and systematic application of data collecting technology, data synchronization technology, data excavation technology, and data analysis technology, and describes the analysis model of system data flow. This will benefit the dynamic improvement of electronic information system.

In order to study the effect of rock fracture distributions on stability of tunnel, the effect of joints with different strike dip, the size and density was considered by using probability and statistics method. Based on the Monte Carlo random simulation, the statistical network model of 2D jointed rockmass was established to describe and characterize jointed rock mass. On the basis of this, the numerical code RFPA2D is employed to analyze effect of fracture dip angle on the tunnel stability. Numerical results show that the fracture distribution has a little effect on tunnels failure mechanism and failure type of tunnel because the failure of tunnel in the jointed rockmass is similar to the one without joints and fissures. However with the change of the fracture dip angle, the loading capacity of the tunnel in the jointed rockmass varies accordingly.

The combustion characteristics of textile dyeing sludge，sawdust and its blends at different proportions were studied by thermogravimetric analysis(TG-DTG) at different heating rates. The results showed that there existed four obviously temperature zones during the textile dyeing sludge combustion curves, which were corresponding to moisture's exhalation、two stages of devolatilizations and fixed carbon combustion. With the increasing of heating rates, the burning time was shorten and the combustion rate was faster of the textile dying sludge. DTG curve of the blends was more closed to that of the larger proportions. Comprehensive combustion characteristic index SN of the sludge-sawdust blends showed an uptrend, which demonstrated that higher volatility had better combustion characteristics.

The traditional intelligent tutoring system as a web-based education tools used for adaptive learning can’t solve the encountered question in time while the student is learning with the absence of nature language understanding system. In this paper, a web-based intelligent tutoring system is firstly introduced to solve the encountered question in real time. Secondly, a concept model representing the concept connotation, the extension and the relation between them is presented to support the nature language understanding system in order to extract the question’s meaning. Furthermore, a knowledge representation of verb and noun in impersonal mature domain is involved. Thirdly, the semantic processing arithmetic of the verb phase is given. Finally, the result of experiment and application of arithmetic are shown.

The combustion characteristics of the mixtures, which are made from different proportions of paper mill sludge and coal, were studied by the thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) at different heating rates. The results showed that there were obviously three temperature zones in the paper mill sludge combustion curves, which is respectively corresponding to two devolatilization stages and a fixed carbon combustion stage. In these stages, the weight of sludge was lost promptly. When the proportions of sludge – coal blends were rather different, ignition point obviously shifted to the larger proportions, and DTG curve was more closed to the larger proportions. During the combustion process of the mixture, the paper mill sludge and the coal had basically maintained their own devolatilisation characteristics. And the comprehensive combustion characteristic index S of sludge-coal blend declined, demonstrating that higher volatility had better combustion characteristics. As the heating rate and the proportions of coal increasing, total weight loss rate increased, while burnout index Cbraised.

In past investigations on the interaction of laser and optical films, research was not widely performed on the process after the burst of the films’ material. Based on a centrosymmetric burst model of a plasma droplet, combined with ionization and absorption, the conditions that the ejected droplet’s thermodynamic parameters change with time have been investigated. When the burst starting time is appropriate, research has shown that the droplets’ parameters, such as expansion velocity and acceleration, cracking velocity and acceleration, temperature, and radius will reach their maximums. An earlier or later time does not increase the intensity of the droplet’s burst. This conclusion has great significance in investigations of laser-induced films damage.

A prototype Raman lidar was designed for monitoring tropospheric CO2 profile and other scientific investigations. The third harmonic of Nd:YAG laser (354.7-nm wavelength) was used as stimulated light source to provide nighttime measurements. Filter with high rejection ratio performance was used to extract CO2 Raman signals from Rayleigh-Mie scattering signals effectively. To improve the real time monitoring function, a two-channel signal collection system was designed to collect CO2 and N2 Raman scattering signals simultaneously. The N2 Raman scattering signals were used to retrieve aerosol extinction coefficient. Typical features of CO2 concentration profile and aerosol extinction coefficient in Hefei were presented. The mixing ratio of atmospheric CO2 in Hefei can reach about 360-400 ppmv.

Lidar (Light detection and ranging) has special capabilities for remote sensing of many different behaviours of the atmosphere. One of the techniques which show a great deal of promise for several applications is Raman scattering. The detecting capability, including maximum operation range and minimum detectable gas concentration is one of the most significant parameters for lidar remote sensing of pollutants. In this paper, based on the new method for evaluating the capabilities of a Raman lidar system, we present an evaluation of detecting capability of Raman lidar for monitoring atmospheric CO2 in Hefei. Numerical simulations about the influence of atmospheric conditions on lidar detecting capability were carried out, and a conclusion can be drawn that the maximum difference of the operation ranges caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 0.4 to 0.5km with a measuring precision within 30ppmv. The range of minimum detectable concentration caused by the weather conditions alone can reach about 20 to 35 ppmv in vertical direction for 20000 shots at a distance of 1 km on the assumption that other parameters are kept constant. The other corresponding parameters under different conditions are also given. The capability of Raman lidar operated in vertical direction was found to be superior to that operated in horizontal direction. During practical measurement with the Raman lidar whose hardware components were fixed, aerosol scattering extinction effect would be a significant factor that influenced the capability of Raman lidar. This work may be a valuable reference for lidar system designing, measurement accuracy improving and data processing.

A new kind of lidar signal light-splitting system is presented to sum up different rotational Raman lines and to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR). The temperature parameters with high SNR of this new system have been obtained with a normal laser and a small telescope from several kilometers.

Since the 21 century, the office mode of enterprise or business institution has rapidly developed toward digitization, informatization and network. At the same time the office efficiency is enhanced, the information security hidden danger has been a serious problem. This paper analyzes frame the structure and safety requirements of information network of the small and medium enterprise or business institution, designs and realizes network security management system (FDA-NSMS) based on fuzzy dynamic evaluation. FDA-NSMS collects data utilizing man-machine way, Delphi (Delphi) method is introduced for fuzzy dynamic assessment of the security degrees of network systems, and considering security measures of the management system, safety domain and the technology protection, information network are uniformly planned and realizing the multi-layer safety guarantee of the system.

Based on BOT model in the eco-tourism infrastructure and from the perspective of the Eco-tourism Enterprises, this article analyzes the game of the concession periods, the game of the costs and the game between the two to achieve the Maximization of Eco-tourism Enterprises’ profits by using some related theories and methods.

In today's society, as town roads and construction infrastructure has been improved gradually, the noise pollution has effected the environment more and more seriously. The noising map which has unique way to show the distribution of noise in the real-time and can monitor the situation of the noise effectively, it can let user master the situation of noise pollution clearly, and the application of noising map has become a main research direction of denoising work in recent years. This paper mainly analyzed the domestic and foreign research of the noising map and the main noise prediction method, selected the RLS90 model to develop the software. In the development, we used the ArcGIS Engine setups and Visual Studio programming environment, using the object-oriented development method and the GIS component second development function to develop a relatively perfect function noise prediction and noising map generation system based on the geographic information system.

Based upon the summarization of system availability engineering, this paper sets forth the availability management works, such as the development demonstration, the technical reviews, the question eliminating and configuration management of the Information Processing System, and depicts the measures taken in the system reliability, maintainability and supportability design, and then the system availability models are deduced of full functions, main functions and lowest functions, moreover the system availability is quantitatively analyzed. Thenceforth the further prospect of the availability engineering of Information Processing System is presented.

In this paper, a novel spatial and scale weighted GIST (SSWGIST) descriptor is proposed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) image retrieval. Motivated by GIST features, images are represented by the mean values of adjacent and non-overlapped blocks of the Gabor filters response. Beyond that, our methods give those values different weights on different spatial and scale sites. The spatial weights are obtained adaptively by counting the ratio and significance of edges detected in the blocks. The scale weights obey the Gaussian distribution with special parameters toward given image datasets. Thus, the prominent identity of each block of filtering response can be reflected adaptively. A retrieval scheme experiment is carried on the Brodatz and SAR image datasets. The results reveal our algorithmpsilas efficient performances and superiorities.

Achromatic retarder is an important optical device. Because of its important applied value, modern polarization technology and optical modulation demand high precision for the design and measurement of achromatic retarder. Based on the principle of polarizing modulation, this paper presented an autocontrol experiment system to measure the phase retardation for high precision achromatic retarder, whose shape is rhomb. The experimental results indicate that the principle of high precision achromatic retarder is correct and the measurement error is less than 1%, Since the autocontrol experiment system is convenient to operation, it can satisfy the demand of application.

Polymer thin-film transistors (PTFTs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) are fabricated by the spin-coating process, and their photo-sensing characteristics are investigated under steady-state visible-light illumination. The photosensitivity of the device is strongly modulated by gate voltage under various illuminations. When the device is in the subthreshold operating mode, a significant increase in its drain current is observed with a maximum photosensitivity of 1.7×103 at an illumination intensity of 1200 lx, and even with a relatively high photosensitivity of 611 at a low illumination intensity of 100 lx. However, when the device is in the on-state operating mode, the photosensitivity is very low: only 1.88 at an illumination intensity of 1200 lx for a gate voltage of −20 V and a drain voltage of −20 V. The results indicate that the devices could be used as photo-detectors or sensors in the range of visible light. The modulation mechanism of the photosensitivity in the PTFT is discussed in detail.

This study illustrates the media stakeholder effect and the mechanism how it influences managerial decisions about corporate social behavior. Integrating stakeholder, agenda setting theory and rela...

We fabricate efficient bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) device based on poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH-PPV), with copper(Ⅱ) phthalocyanine (CuPc) used as a donor and -phenyl C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) serving as an acceptor. The power conversion efficiency of the MEH-PPV/PCBM OPV device with 15% CuPc (1.41%) increases by 12% compared with that of the standard MEH-PPV/PCBM device (1.26%). The efficiency improvement can be attributed to the CuPc supplemental absorption and higher mobility than MEH-PPV, leading to increased short-circuit current density.

Lower tropospheric water vapor measurements are performed at nighttime using the mobile atmosphere monitoring lidar-2 (AML-2) which is operated by the Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics. In this lidar system, a 354.7-nm light from a Nd:YAG laser is used as stimulating source, whose Raman shifted center wavelengths are at 386.7 and 407.5 nm for nitrogen and water vapor, respectively. We present a novel and convenient method for determining the Raman lidar calibration constant according to the scanning performance of this lidar. We are likewise able to realize the measurement of water vapor profile in the low troposphere. The error induced by the uncertainty of calibrated constants is within 7% for the Raman lidar system. Experimental results from two months of study indicate that the method of calibrating the lidar system constant is feasible, and the Raman lidar performance is stable and reliable.

In a laser target positioning system, to correct the location error is essential for improving the measurement precision. In this paper, a novel method of correcting the tropospheric target location error in utilizing pure rotation lidar is presented. The vertical profiles of atmospheric refractive index are deduced by the pure rotation return signals of N2 and O2, which are detected by the pure Raman lidar. Then, the refraction angle and elevation orientation errors at different altitude are corrected based on error correcting theory. The results indicate that the target location error are well corrected by making use of the atmospheric refractive index which is detected by pure rotation lidar. At the same altitude, the target refraction angle and elevation orientation errors decrease as the visual angle increases. When the visual angle is 10°, the refraction angle of the target at 8 km reaches 3.15′ and the elevation orientation error is 14.55 m. When it is 30°, the refraction angle of the target at the same altitude is only 0.98′ and the elevation orientation error is 1.19 m.

A new pure rotational Raman-lidar system for monitoring atmospheric temperature is presented. Instead of using the double grating monochromator, the system employs two high resolution spectral resolving channels,each of which is composed of a three-stage Fabry-Perot etalon combined with a filter with band width of 7nm. The transmitting light source is an injection-seeded Nd:YAG laser. This configuration can achieve a high rejection rate (10-10) to Mie-Rayleigh elastic scattering (at 532nm wavelength)，and has an extremely narrow receiving bandwidth (less than 10pm) for pure rotation Raman scattering of N2 with quantum numbers of ±6 and ±12 respectively. Therefore, the system effectively rejects the interference of background radiation and pure rotational Raman scattering of O2, and the measurement of daytime tropospheric temperature from a single Raman spectral line intensity ratio using the lidar system is made possible because of the narrow receiving bandwidth. The temperature measurement precision of this Raman-lidar is improved at the same time. At last, two_channels signals were simulated by using balloon-based sounding temperature profile. The simulation demonstrated the feasibility of this lidar for atmospheric temperature profile measurement.

Achromatic retarder is a device to be used in wide spectral range for optical phase retardation. The phase retardation is constant when the wavelength is changed. Modern polarization technology and optical modulation demand high precision for the measurement of achromatic retarder. Based on the principle of polarizing modulation, this paper sets up an experiment system for measuring the phase retardation for high precision achromatic retarder of rhombic shape. The results indicate that the principle of high precision achromatic retarder is correct and the measurement error is less than 1%, it reaches a high precision and satisfies the requirement of application.