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1. Convalescent plasma therapy for B-cell–depleted patients with protracted COVID-19

Author

Stanislas Faguer, Pierre Tiberghien, Etienne Crickx, Fanny Pommeret, David Veyer, Claire Rouzaud, Fabrice Camou, Olivier Hermine, Elie Azoulay, Pierre Gallian, Cécile Pouderoux, Deborah Eshagh, Jonathan London, Fatiha Merabet, Philippe Petua, David Boutboul, Laure Anne Raillon, Valérie Zeller, Hélène Péré, Benjamin Planquette, Jérôme Pacanowski, Adrien Joseph, Marc Michel, Martin Martinot, Matthieu Mahévas, Lucienne Chatenoud, Karine Lacombe, Anne Lise Beaumont, David Ghez, Amani Ouedrani, Tali Anne Szwebel, Arsène Mekinian, Florence Ader, Thomas Hueso, Marc Garnier, and Sébastien Clerc

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Clinical Trials and Observations, Immunology, Pneumonia, Viral, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, Immunoglobulin G, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, Agammaglobulinemia, medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Autoimmune disease, B-Lymphocytes, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Brief Report, Bacterial pneumonia, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Pneumonia, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Antibody, business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract

There is a Blood Commentary on this article in this issue., Key Points As a proof of concept, COVID-19 convalescent plasma represents an interesting approach in B-cell–depleted patients with protracted COVID-19.COVID-19 convalescent plasma induces a decrease in temperature and inflammatory parameters within 1 week associated with oxygen weaning., Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the treatment of hematological malignancies or autoimmune disease but may be responsible for a secondary humoral deficiency. In the context of COVID-19 infection, this may prevent the elicitation of a specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. We report a series of 17 consecutive patients with profound B-cell lymphopenia and prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, negative immunoglobulin G (IgG)-IgM SARS-CoV-2 serology, and positive RNAemia measured by digital polymerase chain reaction who were treated with 4 units of COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Within 48 hours of transfusion, all but 1 patient experienced an improvement of clinical symptoms. The inflammatory syndrome abated within a week. Only 1 patient who needed mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 disease died of bacterial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia decreased to below the sensitivity threshold in all 9 evaluated patients. In 3 patients, virus-specific T-cell responses were analyzed using T-cell enzyme-linked immunospot assay before convalescent plasma transfusion. All showed a maintained SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response and poor cross-response to other coronaviruses. No adverse event was reported. Convalescent plasma with anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies appears to be a very promising approach in the context of protracted COVID-19 symptoms in patients unable to mount a specific humoral response to SARS-CoV-2., Visual Abstract

Published
2020

2. International Forum on the Collection and Use of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma: Responses

Author

Richard Gammon, Pierre Gallian, J. N. S. Leung, David J. Roberts, Karin van den Berg, James Daly, Robby Nur Aditya, Michel Toungouz Nevessignsky, Rekha Hans, Paula Verónica Cini, Pierre Tiberghien, Levent Sagdur, Nil Banu Pelit, Gopal Kumar Patidar, Nancy M. Dunbar, Eilat Shinar, Ivan Hung, Carlos Alberto Gonzalez, Richard Schäfer, Rita A. Reik, Hua Xu, Ru Yang, Khuloud Al Maamari, Salwa Hindawi, Naomi Rahimi-Levene, Patricia Scuracchio, Rahul Chaurasia, Sinyoung Kim, Marion Vermeulen, Hans Vrielink, Lise Sofie H. Nissen-Meyer, Mark H. Yazer, Melissa Lopez, Jarkko Ihalainen, Silvano Wendel, Vincenzo De Angelis, Pampee P. Young, Ratti Ram Sharma, Cynthia So-Osman, Antti Vierikko, Hem Chandra Pandey, Ai Leen Ang, Yan Qiu, Angelo Ostuni, Renée Bazin, Cheuk-Kwong Lee, Giuseppe Marano, Zaid Al-Hinai, Roberta Fachini, Pascal Morel, Marina Izak, Lise J Estcourt, Pierluigi Berti, Tanya Nadia Glatt, David Martin Ferrari, Thierry Burnouf, Veronica C. Hoad, Maha A. Badawi, Levent Tufan Kumaş, Magdy El Ekiaby, Vernon J. Louw, Darrell J. Triulzi, Arwa Z. Al-Riyami, Divjot Singh Lamba, Suchet Sachdev, Kiat Hoe Ong, Dana V. Devine, Sheila Maclennan, and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Convalescent plasma, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Hematology, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Virology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, International Forum, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

3. Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection in France

Author

Jacques Izopet, Elodie Pouchol, Sylvie Gross, Vincent Mallet, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Nassim Kamar, Sébastien Lhomme, Rachid Djoudi, Azzedine Assal, Philippe Bierling, Lina Mouna, Pierre Gallian, Pierre Tiberghien, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Virologie [Villejuif], Hôpital Paul Brousse, Etablissement Français du Sang [Créteil], Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine [Bordeaux] (EFS Bordeaux Nouvelle Aquitaine), Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'organes [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Urologie - Néphrologie - Dialyse - Transplantations - Brûlés - Chirurgie plastique - Explorations fonctionnelles et physiologiques [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Physiopathologie du système immunitaire (Inserm U1223), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'hépatologie médicale [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Réponses cellulaires aux microorganismes pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier

Subjects
Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, MESH: Blood Donors / statistics & numerical data, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, Severity of Illness Index, Gastroenterology, Organ transplantation, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Transfusion transmitted infection, Child, MESH: Blood Safety / statistics & numerical data, Whole blood, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: France / epidemiology, MESH: Middle Aged, Immunosuppression, Hematology, Middle Aged, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Transfusion Reaction / diagnosis, Immunosuppressive drug, MESH: Young Adult, Acute Disease, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Acute Disease, Female, France, Transfusion-transmitted infection, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Blood Safety, MESH: Hepatitis E / diagnosis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Hepatitis E / epidemiology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Chronic Disease, MESH: Hepatitis E / transmission, Ribavirin, MESH: Transfusion Reaction / epidemiology, Biochemistry (medical), Transfusion Reaction, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chronic Disease, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; There is growing concern regarding the risk of transfusion- transmitted (TT) hepatitis E. Since the first described case in 2006, several TT hepatitis E have been reported to the French hemovigilance network. We performed a retrospective analysis of all cases of TT hepatitis E reported between 2006 and 2016. Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E with high imputability according to phylogenetic analysis occurred in 23 patients aged 8 to 88 years and involved mostly solid organ recipients (n = 9) or patients with malignant hematological diseases (n = 9, including 4 hematopoietic allograft recipients). Involved blood products were plasma (n = 7), among which 6 had undergone pathogen reduction with solvent/detergent (n = 4) or amotosalen + ultra-violet A (UVA) (n = 2 from 1 donation) treatments, red blood concentrates (n = 7), apheresis platelets concentrates (n = 3) and whole blood pooled platelets concentrates (n = 6), among which one had underwent amotosalen + UVA treatment. Median hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA dose infused was 5.79 [4.36-10.10] log IU. HEV infection progressed to chronic hepatitis E in 14 (61%) immunocompromised patients, 2 of whom had advanced liver fibrosis at diagnosis. Chronic hepatitis E patients cleared HEV with ribavirin treatment (n = 10), after immunosuppressive drug reduction (n = 3), or spontaneously (n = 1). One additional organ transplant recipient with associated co-morbidities died with ongoing HEV infection and multiple organ failure. The other 8 (34.8%) patients with TT hepatitis E cleared HEV within 6 months with ribavirin treatment (n = 3), reduced immunosuppression (n = 1) or spontaneously (n = 4). Red cells, platelets, and plasma transfusions may be associated with TT hepatitis E that can evolve to chronic hepatitis E in immunocompromised patients. Hepatitis E virus has emerged in France as a clinically significant TT infection risk.

Published
2019

4. Cluster of COVID-19 in northern France: A retrospective closed cohort study

Author

Nathalie Jolly, Christèle Huon, Laura Tondeur, Bernadette Crescenzo, Sarah Temmam, Sandie Munier, Camille Besombes, Isabelle Staropoli, Timothée Bruel, Isabelle Cailleau, Rebecca Grant, Pierre Gallian, Simon Cauchemez, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Yoann Madec, Sylvie van der Werf, Bruno Hoen, Ludivine Grzelak, Marc Eloit, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Olivier Schwartz, Caroline Demeret, Kuang-Yu Chen, Arnaud Fontanet, Lucie Kuhmel, Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), Direction de la recherche médicale de l'Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur (CMIP), Découverte de pathogènes – Pathogen discovery, Biologie des ARN et virus influenza - RNA Biology of Influenza Virus, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Funding: Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, Santé publique France, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), REACTing, EU grant Recover, INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Université de Paris (UP), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), demeret, caroline, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research - RECOVER - - H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-20202020-02-14 - 2022-02-13 - 101003589 - VALID, Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Attack rate, Ageusia, Disease cluster, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Herd immunity, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Internal medicine, Case fatality rate, medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, business, 030304 developmental biology, Cohort study
Abstract

SummaryBackgroundThe Oise department in France has been heavily affected by COVID-19 in early 2020.MethodsBetween 30 March and 4 April 2020, we conducted a retrospective closed cohort study among pupils, their parents and siblings, as well as teachers and non-teaching staff of a high-school located in Oise. Participants completed a questionnaire that covered history of fever and/or respiratory symptoms since 13 January 2020 and had blood tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The infection attack rate (IAR) was defined as the proportion of participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection based on antibody detection. Blood samples from two blood donor centres collected between 23 and 27 March 2020 in the Oise department were also tested for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.FindingsOf the 661 participants (median age: 37 years), 171 participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall IAR was 25.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.6-29.4), and the infection fatality rate was 0% (one-sided 97.5% CI = 0 - 2.1). Nine of the ten participants hospitalised since mid-January were in the infected group, giving a hospitalisation rate of 5.3% (95% CI = 2.4 –9.8). Anosmia and ageusia had high positive predictive values for SARS-CoV-2 infection (84.7% and 88.1%, respectively). Smokers had a lower IAR compared to non-smokers (7.2% versus 28.0%, P InterpretationThe relatively low IAR observed in an area where SARS-CoV-2 actively circulated weeks before confinement measures indicates that establishing herd immunity will take time, and that lifting these measures in France will be long and complex.FundingInstitut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, Santé publique France, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), REACTing, EU grant Recover, INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005).Research in contextEvidence before the studyThe first COVID-19 cases in France were reported on 24 January 2020. Substantial transmission has occurred since then, with the Oise department, north of Paris, one of the heaviest affected areas in the early stages of the epidemic in France. As of 13 April 2020, 98,076 cases had been diagnosed in France, including 5,379 deaths.Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been widely reported, but this has largely been centred on cases requiring medical care. What remains unclear at this stage is the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 infections may be asymptomatic or present as subclinical, non-specific symptoms. While extensive contact tracing has identified asymptomatic infections using RT-PCR testing, serologic detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is needed to determine the real infection attack rate and the proportion of all infections that are asymptomatic or subclinical.Added value of this studyUsing a combination of serologic assays with high sensitivity and specificity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, we conducted a retrospective closed cohort study. In a high school linked to a cluster of COVID-19 in the Oise department, we showed an overall infection attack rate (IAR) of 40.9% in the high school group, and 10.9% in parents and siblings of the pupils. The proportion of infected individuals who had no symptoms during the study period was 17.0%.Implications of all of the available evidenceThe relatively low IAR in this area where SARS-CoV-2 actively circulated before confinement measures were introduced indicates that establishing herd immunity will take time, and that the lifting of these measures in France will be long and complex.

Published
2021

5. Preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in France

Author

Claude Maugard, Pierre Tiberghien, Pascal Morel, Sandrine Houzé, Valérie Barlet, Céline Narboux, Pierre Gallian, Olivier Garraud, Sophie Le Cam, Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)

Subjects
Transfusion transmitted malaria, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, MEDLINE, Hematology, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Malaria, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Blood Transfusion, France, Intensive care medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2021

6. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody testing in Europe: towards harmonisation of neutralising antibody titres for better use of convalescent plasma and comparability of trial data

Author

Marieke Hoogerwerf, Pierre Gallian, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Joaquin Mendoza, Salvador Oyonarte, Ria Lassaunière, Maurice Steenhuis, Fiona Brouwer, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Anders Fomsgaard, Piet Maes, Nadège Brisbarre, Johan Reimerink, Marta Romano, Mutien Garigliany, Abdennour Amroun, Isabelle Leparc Goffart, Hendrik B. Feys, Katarina Resman Rus, Chantal Reusken, Dung Nguyen, Daniel Desmecht, Bram Van Holm, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Eva Zusinaite, Sophie Le Cam, Peter Simmonds, Heli Harvala, Elise Wouters, Gunnveig Grødeland, Christophe Martinaud, Cyril Barbezange, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Landsteiner Laboratory, and AII - Inflammatory diseases

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Convalescent plasma, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Epidemiology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neutralising antibody, standardisation, Antibodies, Viral, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, MESH: COVID-19, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, neutralising antibodies, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Science & Technology, MESH: Humans, Plasma samples, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, standardisation, COVID-19, Antibodies, Neutralizing, 3. Good health, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, convalescent plasma, biology.protein, MESH: Immunization, Passive, MESH: Europe, Antibody, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Rapid Communication, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

We compared the performance of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody testing between 12 European laboratories involved in convalescent plasma trials. Raw titres differed almost 100-fold differences between laboratories when blind-testing 15 plasma samples. Calibration of titres in relation to the reference reagent and standard curve obtained by testing a dilution series reduced the inter-laboratory variability ca 10-fold. The harmonisation of neutralising antibody quantification is a vital step towards determining the protective and therapeutic levels of neutralising antibodies. ispartof: EUROSURVEILLANCE vol:26 issue:27 ispartof: location:Sweden status: published

Published
2021

7. Risk for Hepatitis E Virus Transmission by Solvent/Detergent-Treated Plasma

Author

Xavier Tinard, Rachid Djoudi, Azzedine Assal, Florence Abravanel, Carole Mantovani, Pierre Tiberghien, Sébastien Lhomme, L. Hauser, Sylvie Gross, Pierre Gallian, Pascal Morel, Jacques Izopet, Elodie Pouchol, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), and Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), infectious dose, Epidemiology, viruses, retrospective study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Detergents, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, hepatitis E virus, medicine.disease_cause, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Humans, Medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Solvent detergent plasma, 030212 general & internal medicine, plasma, Retrospective Studies, Risk for Hepatitis E Virus Transmission by Solvent/Detergent–Treated Plasma, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Research, Infectious dose, lcsh:R, transmission, virus diseases, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, zoonoses, Infectious Diseases, HEV, Solvents, RNA, Viral, blood donors, Infectious risk, solvent/detergent–treated plasma, France, business, Viral load
Abstract

International audience; Hepatitis E has emerged as a major transfusion-transmitted infectious risk. Two recipients of plasma from 2 lots (A and B) of pooled solvent/detergent-treated plasma were found to be infected by hepatitis E virus (HEV) that was determined to have been transmitted by the solvent/detergent-treated plasma. HEV RNA viral loads were 433 IU in lot A and 55 IU in lot B. Retrospective studies found that 100% (13/13) of evaluable lot A recipients versus 18% (3/17) of evaluable lot B recipients had been infected by HEV (p50,000 IU were infected, most likely by the HEV-containing solvent/detergent-treated plasma, versus only 7% with a transfused HEV RNA load

Published
2020

8. Collecting and evaluating convalescent plasma for COVID‐19 treatment: why and how?

Author

Pierre Gallian, Karine Lacombe, Xavier de Lamballerie, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Pierre Tiberghien, Pascal Morel, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), REACTing [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Bodescot, Myriam, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])

Subjects
[SDV.MHEP.HEM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, medicine.medical_specialty, Convalescent plasma, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Blood Safety, infectious disease, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunopathology, antibody, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, In patient, Intensive care medicine, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, plasma, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Blood Specimen Collection, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, business.industry, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Hematology, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Infectious disease (medical specialty), convalescent plasma, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viral spread, Coronavirus Infections, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; Plasma provided by COVID-19 convalescent patients may provide therapeutic relief as the number of COVID-19 cases escalates steeply worldwide. Prior findings in various viral respiratory diseases including SARS-CoV-related pneumonia suggest that convalescent plasma can reduce mortality, although formal proof of efficacy is still lacking. By reducing viral spread early on, such an approach may possibly downplay subsequent immunopathology. Identifying, collecting, qualifying and preparing plasma from convalescent patients with adequate SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing Ab titres in an acute crisis setting may be challenging, although well within the remit of most blood establishments. Careful clinical evaluation should allow to quickly establish whether such passive immunotherapy, administered at early phases of the disease in patients at high risk of deleterious evolution, may reduce the frequency of patient deterioration, and thereby COVID-19 mortality.

Published
2020

9. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus among blood donors on Corsica, France, 2017

Author

Jacques Izopet, Lisandru Capai, Simon Cauchemez, Pierre Gallian, Sylvie Gross, Stéphane Priet, Rémi N. Charrel, Frédéric Bosseur, Xavier de Lamballerie, Alessandra Falchi, Nathanaël Hozé, Rachid Djoudi, Jacques Chiaroni, Laboratoire de Virologie [UNIV Corse-Inserm] (EA7310), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dubois Frid, Caroline

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Seroprevalence, Corsica, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, MESH: IgG titres, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hepatitis E, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Female, France, Antibody, Viral hepatitis, Adult, MESH: Hepatitis E virus, medicine.medical_specialty, IgG titres, Adolescent, Population, Blood donors, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Immunity, Virology, medicine, Humans, Hepatitis Antibodies, MESH: Corsica, education, Aged, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, MESH: Blood donors, MESH: Seroprevalence, MESH: Epidemiology, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, business
Abstract

Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in European countries. Corsica Island has been previously identified as a hyperendemic area for HEV. Aim Our aim was to characterise the prevalence and titres of IgG antibodies to HEV among blood donors on Corsica and establish a model of the annual force of infection. Methods Between September 2017 and January 2018, 2,705 blood donations were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay. Results The overall seroprevalence was 56.1%. In multivariate analysis, seroprevalence was higher in men than in women (60.0% vs 52.2%; p Conclusion We confirmed the high HEV seroprevalence on Corsica and identified three aspects that should be further explored: (i) the epidemiology in those younger than 18 years, (ii) common sources of contamination, in particular drinking water, that may explain the wide exposure of the population, and (iii) the actual protection afforded by the low IgG titres observed and the potential susceptibility to secondary HEV infection.

Published
2020

10. Cluster of COVID-19 in Northern France: A Retrospective Closed Cohort Study

Author

Olivier Schwartz, Yoann Madec, Timothée Bruel, Camille Besombes, Nathalie Jolly, Christèle Huon, Laura Tondeur, Rebecca Grant, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Sandie Munier, Bruno Hoen, Sylvie van der Werf, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Sarah Temmam, Ludivine Grzelak, Pierre Gallian, Marc Eloit, Isabelle Cailleau, Caroline Demeret, Simon Cauchemez, Kuang-Yu Chen, Arnaud Fontanet, Lucie Kuhmel, Bernadette Crescenzo, and Isabelle Staropoli

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Attack rate, Disease cluster, biology.organism_classification, Herd immunity, Informed consent, Family medicine, Case fatality rate, medicine, business, Sida, Cohort study
Abstract

Background: The Oise department in France has been heavily affected by COVID-19 in early 2020. Methods: Between 30 March and 4 April 2020, we conducted a retrospective closed cohort study among pupils, their parents and siblings, as well as teachers and non-teaching staff of a high-school located in Oise. Participants completed a questionnaire that covered history of fever and/or respiratory symptoms since 13 January 2020 and had blood tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The infection attack rate (IAR) was defined as the proportion of participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection based on antibody detection. Blood samples from two blood donor centres collected between 23 and 27 March 2020 in the Oise department were also tested for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings: Of the 661 participants (median age: 37 years), 171 participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall IAR was 25.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.6-29.4), and the infection fatality rate was 0% (one-sided 97.5% CI = 0 - 2.1). Nine of the ten participants hospitalised since mid-January were in the infected group, giving a hospitalisation rate of 5.3% (95% CI = 2.4 –9.8). Anosmia and ageusia had high positive predictive values for SARS-CoV-2 infection (84.7% and 88.1%, respectively). Smokers had a lower IAR compared to non-smokers (7.2% versus 28.0%, P

Published
2020

11. Comparing two blood culture systems for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates

Author

Didier Raoult, Jacques Chiaroni, Gregory Dubourg, Yasmine Chetouane, Kahina Chetouane, Pierre Gallian, and Laurence Camoin-Jau

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Time to detection, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Hematology, Buffy coat, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Contamination, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Blood culture, In patient, Platelet, Detection rate, business
Abstract

BACKGROUND The transfusion of platelet concentrates (PCs) contaminated with bacteria may cause serious, and even fatal, septic reactions in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the VersaTREK with the BACTEC FX automated culture systems for screening bacterial contamination, directly after the delay of 24 hours of preparation to obtain the final pooled buffy coat PCs, to prevent transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Seven bacterial strains were each inoculated into five replicate pooled buffy coat PCs at approximately 100 colony-forming units/unit, and 5- or 10-mL samples were inoculated into duplicate aerobic culture bottles. The time and detection rates were compared between BACTEC FX, as a reference method, and VersaTREK. RESULTS Time to detection was significantly shorter using VersaTREK for most species detected by both systems for the volumes tested. Of 70 VersaTREK cultures, 69 (98.57% detection rate) were positive after 24 hours of incubation with the 5-mL sample. In contrast, the BACTEC FX system detected all positive samples in PCs for the volume of 10 mL, although seven samples were false negatives for the 5-mL volume. CONCLUSION The VersaTREK system compared favorably to the BACTEC FX system for 5-mL volumes (p < 0.05) and could be considered a potential method for detecting bacterial contamination in PC samples directly after 24 hours of preparation of the final pooled buffy coat PCs.

Published
2018

12. Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, France

Author

Nassim Kamar, Sébastien Lhomme, Laurent Bardiaux, Florence Abravanel, Pierre Gallian, Jacques Izopet, LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Etablissement français du sang [Pyrénées-Méditerranée] (EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Multiorgan Transplantation, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'organes [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Urologie - Néphrologie - Dialyse - Transplantations - Brûlés - Chirurgie plastique - Explorations fonctionnelles et physiologiques [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, Genes, Viral, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, lcsh:Medicine, hepatitis E virus, blood transfusion, medicine.disease_cause, Organ transplantation, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Research Letter, medicine, Humans, solid organ transplant patients, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Phylogeny, education.field_of_study, Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, France, business.industry, lcsh:R, virus diseases, Organ Transplantation, Viral Load, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, hepatitis E, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, France, business, Solid organ transplantation, Viral load, Hepatitis E virus infection
Abstract

International audience; The rate of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) in transplant recipients is unknown. We identified 60 HEV-positive solid organ transplant patients and retrospectively assessed their blood transfusions for HEV. Seven of 60 patients received transfusions; 3 received HEV-positive blood products. Transfusion is not the major route of infection in this population.

Published
2017

13. Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019

Author

Shirley Masse, Christine Isnard, Brigitte Peres, Cécile Souty, Rémi N. Charrel, Lisandru Capai, Thierry Blanchon, Xavier de Lamballerie, Alessandra Falchi, Pierre Gallian, EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and BUISINE, Soline

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), hyperendemic, IgG, viruses, 030106 microbiology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Article, Immunoglobulin G, corsica, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Seroprevalence, hepatitis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, lcsh:QH301-705.5, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 2. Zero hunger, Hepatitis, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, seroprevalence, business.industry, virus diseases, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, lcsh:Biology (General), risk factor, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, biology.protein, Age stratification, hepatitis E, France, business, Demography
Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In France, hyperendemic areas including Corsica have an anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence higher than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in three adult populations in Corsica and the risk factors associated with antibody detection. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 930 individuals, including 467 blood donors, 393 students or university staff members and 70 patients from general practice, were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay kit and filled a questionnaire. The association between seropositivity and potential risk factors was tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of the 930 samples, 52.3% (486/930) were seropositive&mdash, 54.4% (254/467) among blood donors, 47.6% (187/393) among university students and 64.3% (45/70) among patients of general practice. Three main risk factors were identified: (i) skinning and butchering (Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.51&ndash, 5.37], p-value &lt, 10&minus, 3), (ii) consumption of a local pork live raw sausage (fittonu) (aOR = 1.95 95% CI [1.45&ndash, 2.64], p-value = 10&minus, 5), and (iii) increasing age (p-value = 0.003). Seropositivity rates between the different populations were homogeneous after age stratification. This cross-sectional study indicates a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the Corsican adult population, not significantly different between women and men and increasing with age. This serosurvey also showed homogeneity regarding the exposure to HEV among three different types of populations. Finally, we confirmed the endemicity of Corsica with respect to HEV and identified a strong association between consumption of figatellu/fittonu and the practice of skinning and butchering with the detection of anti-HEV IgG.

Published
2019
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14. Chikungunya, a risk factor for Guillain-Barré syndrome

Author

Bruno Hoen, Benoit Tressières, Sophie Stegmann-Planchard, Annie Lannuzel, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, André Cabié, Pierre Gallian, Aissatou Signate, Cédric Laouénan, Unité de Maladies Infectieuses [CH Louis-Constant Fleming, Saint Martin], Centre Hospitalier Louis Constant Fleming, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Department of neurology, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modèles et méthodes de l'évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques (U738 / UMR_S738), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BUISINE, Soline

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, case-control study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, Chikungunya, Risk factor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, West indies, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Zika Virus Infection, business.industry, Case-control study, Outbreak, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, chikungunya infection, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chikungunya Fever, business, Chikungunya virus
Abstract

In a matched case-control study where 24 cases developed Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) during the 2014 chikungunya outbreak in the French West Indies and 72 controls were blood donors during the same period, chikungunya infection was a risk factor for GBS (odds ratio, 8.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3–29.7; P = .001).

Published
2019

15. Viral load and clinical manifestations of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections

Author

Jacques Izopet, Sébastien Lhomme, Florence Abravanel, Chloé Dimeglio, Pierre Gallian, Azzedine Assal, Pierre Tiberghien, Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang, 20, Avenue du Stade de France, 93218 La Plaine Saint-Denis Cedex, France, Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine [Bordeaux] (EFS Bordeaux Nouvelle Aquitaine), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), URA 1164, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU AMU), Établissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS Alpes-Méditerranée), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (HOTE GREFFON), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)

Subjects
[SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, MESH: Genotype, Hepatitis E virus, Genotype, Blood plasma, MESH: Viral Load / statistics & numerical data, MESH: Hepatitis E / blood, Asymptomatic Infections, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: France / epidemiology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Hepatitis E virus / genetics, MESH: Asymptomatic Infections / epidemiology, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, subgenotype distribution, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, blood donors, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: RNA, Viral / blood, France, MESH: Hepatitis E virus / pathogenicity, medicine.symptom, Viral hepatitis, Viral load, Adult, symptomatic patients, MESH: Humans Immunoglobulin G / blood, medicine.medical_specialty, hepatitis E virus, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Internal medicine, MESH: Hepatitis E / virology, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Hepatitis E / epidemiology, Hepatitis, Hepatology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Blood Donors, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin G, business
Abstract

International audience; A fraction of plasma donations undergoes hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA screening since late 2014 in France. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HEV RNA as well as the viral load and the evolution of genotype distribution over a 3-year period (2015-2017) in asymptomatic blood donors in comparison with symptomatic patients routinely diagnosed. The overall detection rate of HEV RNA in plasma donations was 0.10% during the 3-year period, with a median viral load of 717 IU/mL (range

Published
2019

16. Assessing Zika Virus Transmission within Households during an Outbreak in Martinique, 2015-2016

Author

Minerva Cervantes, Sylvie Abel, Henrik Salje, Simon Cauchemez, Alice Monthieux, Fatiha Najioullah, Raymond Césaire, Cédric Laouénan, Mathilde Pircher, Pierre Gallian, André Cabié, Alessio Andronico, Isabelle Calmont, Anthony Cousien, Xavier de Lamballerie, Sandrine Pierre-François, Quirine A. ten Bosch, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie [Fort de France, Martinique] (EA 4537), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme through ZIKAlliance (grant 734548), the Investissements d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the AXA Research Fund, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005). The CARBO cohort was fund by the French Ministry of Health (Soutien Exceptionnel à la Recherche et à l’Innovation) and the protocol was prepared with the help of the INSERM Research and Action Targeting Emerging Infectious Disease (REACTing) network., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Salje, Henrik [0000-0003-3626-4254], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Dubois Frid, Caroline, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, and A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID

Subjects
Male, asymptomatic infections, Practice of Epidemiology, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], law.invention, Zika virus, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Aedes, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, household transmission, Credible interval, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Family Characteristics, biology, Zika Virus Infection, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Transmission (mechanics), Female, medicine.symptom, Martinique, endocrine system, Population, Mosquito Vectors, Asymptomatic, final size model, 03 medical and health sciences, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, education, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract

Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused large epidemics in the Americas. Households are natural targets for control interventions, but quantification of the contribution of household transmission to overall spread is needed to guide policy. We developed a modeling framework to evaluate this contribution and key epidemic features of the ZIKV epidemic in Martinique in 2015–2016 from the joint analysis of a household transmission study (n = 68 households), a study among symptomatic pregnant women (n = 281), and seroprevalence surveys of blood donors (n = 457). We estimated that the probability of mosquito-mediated within-household transmission (from an infected member to a susceptible one) was 21% (95% credible interval (CrI): 5, 51), and the overall probability of infection from outside the household (i.e., in the community) was 39% (95% CrI: 27, 50). Overall, 50% (95% CrI: 43, 58) of the population was infected, with 22% (95% CrI: 5, 46) of infections acquired in households and 40% (95% CrI: 23, 56) being asymptomatic. The probability of presenting with Zika-like symptoms due to another cause was 16% (95% CrI: 10, 23). This study characterized the contribution of household transmission in ZIKV epidemics, demonstrating the benefits of integrating multiple data sets to gain more insight into epidemic dynamics.

Published
2019

17. International Forum on Occult hepatitis B infection and transfusion safety

Author

Kate I Tettmar, Jun Nyun Kim, Sylvie Gross, Erhard Seifried, Padraig Williams, Fiona Boland, Aneta Kopacz, Louise Pomeroy, Magdy El Ekiaby, Pierre Gallian, Patricia E. Hewitt, Marta Bes, W. C. Tsoi, Sze Sze Chua, Eun Young Oh, Niamh O'Flaherty, Miquel Lozano, Roberta Fachini, Veronica C. Hoad, Michael Schmidt, Maria Piron, Richard Charlewood, Rikizo Taira, Lisa Jarvis, Clive R. Seed, Patricia Carminato, Philip Kiely, Jean-Pierre Allain, Silvia Sauleda, Sheila F. O'Brien, Magdalena Łętowska, Margaret Fearon, Syria Laperche, Ai Leen Ang, Sally Lam, Peter Flanagan, Snežna Levičnik Stezinar, Susan L. Stramer, Patricia Scuracchio, S. Wendel, Marion Vermeulen, Masahiro Satake, K. L. Davison, Polona Nograšek, Giles Delages, Piotr Grabarczyk, Juraj Petrik, Keiji Matsubayashi, So-Yong Kwon, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), 1National Institute of Blood Transfusion (INTS) - Department of Blood-borne agents, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and C and HIV in Transfusion, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire (GRHV), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Department of Immunohaematology, Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology [Frankfurt/Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, and Dept. of Cellular Therapeutics / Cell Processing (GMP)

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, Occult hepatitis B infection, Hematology, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2019

18. Persisting higher prevalence of hepatitis A virus RNA in blood donors, France, 2018

Author

Rachid Djoudi, Pascal Morel, Elodie Pouchol, Valérie Barlet, Julie Figoni, Sylvie Gross, Claude Maugard, Henriette de Valk, Benoit Flan, Sophie Le Cam, Lina Mouna, Pierre Gallian, Catherine Visse, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Pierre Tiberghien, Céline Ricard, Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LFB Biomédicaments, Infectious Disease Department [Saint Maurice], Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] (ANSP), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
food-borne infections, Letter, sequence analysis, Epidemiology, Hepatitis A virus RNA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viral infections, Blood Donors, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, hepatitis A virus, Prevalence, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, European Union, European union, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Whole Genome Sequencing, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, capacity building, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, RNA, Hepatitis A, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, Hepatitis a virus, 3. Good health, HAV, Europe, Molecular Typing, Population Surveillance, surveys and questionnaires, foodborne diseases, surveillance, RNA, Viral, France, business
Abstract

Introduction Sequence-based typing of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is important for outbreak detection, investigation and surveillance. In 2013, sequencing was central to resolving a large European Union (EU)-wide outbreak related to frozen berries. However, as the sequenced HAV genome regions were only partly comparable between countries, results were not always conclusive. Aim The objective was to gather information on HAV surveillance and sequencing in EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries to find ways to harmonise their procedures, for improvement of cross-border outbreak responses. Methods In 2014, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) conducted a survey on HAV surveillance practices in EU/EEA countries. The survey enquired whether a referral system for confirming primary diagnostics of hepatitis A existed as well as a central collection/storage of hepatitis A cases’ samples for typing. Questions on HAV sequencing procedures were also asked. Based on the results, an expert consultation proposed harmonised procedures for cross-border outbreak response, in particular regarding sequencing. In 2016, a follow-up survey assessed uptake of suggested methods. Results Of 31 EU/EEA countries, 23 (2014) and 27 (2016) participated. Numbers of countries with central collection and storage of HAV positive samples and of those performing sequencing increased from 12 to 15 and 12 to 14 respectively in 2016, with all countries typing an overlapping fragment of 218 nt. However, variation existed in the sequenced genomic regions and their lengths. Conclusions While HAV sequences in EU/EEA countries are comparable for surveillance, collaboration in sharing and comparing these can be further strengthened.

Published
2019

19. Lower prevalence of antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in group O French blood donors

Author

Pascal Morel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Boris Pastorino, Laetitia Ninove, Pierre Gallian, Jacques Chiaroni, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-20-COVI-0073,COVIDonneur,Contribution de la population des donneurs de sang aux études sur le SARS-CoV-2 : Epidémiologie, histoire naturelle, sciences humaines et sociales et thérapeutique(2020)

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood Donors, MESH: Hospitalization, Antibodies, Viral, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, Seroneutralisation, Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Incidence, Young adult, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Risk, biology, Incidence, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Intensive Care Units, MESH: Young Adult, Blood Group Antigens, MESH: Betacoronavirus, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Antibody, Coronavirus Infections, Adult, Risk, MESH: Pandemics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, 030106 microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Asymptomatic, Article, Virus, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Pandemics, Pharmacology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Blood Group Antigens, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, MESH: Blood Donors, COVID-19, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: Male, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: France, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Pneumonia, Viral, biology.protein, MESH: Intensive Care Units, Blood groups, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

We investigated the distribution of antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 according to age, sex or blood group in French blood donors. In 464 samples collected before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (2017 and 2018), our virus neutralization assay had a 100% specificity. It was used to test 998 samples collected from blood donors during the last week of March or the first week of April 2020. As expected at this stage of the outbreak, the prevalence was low (2.7%) and, importantly, criteria for blood donation imply that the vast majority of seropositives had asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Seroprevalence values did not differ significantly among age groups (but were slightly higher in donors, Highlights • Antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 are fond with similar prevalence in men and women among French blood donors. • Virus infection may occur at similar incidence in men and women, while severe forms are more frequent in men. • Blood group O persons are less at risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 than other blood groups persons.

Published
2020

20. Hepatitis A: an epidemiological survey in blood donors, France 2015 to 2017

Author

Lina Mouna, Elodie Pouchol, Pierre Gallian, Catherine Visse, Benoit Flan, Elisabeth Couturier, Françoise Wind, Rachid Djoudi, Valérie Barlet, Sylvie Gross, Henriette de Valk, Sophie Lecam, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Pierre Tiberghien, Céline Ricard, Cécile Fabra, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Etablissement Français du Sang [Nantes], Etablissement Français du Sang Hauts-de-France - Normandie (EFS Hauts-de-France - Normandie), Etablissement Français du Sang [Occitanie] (EFS Occitanie), LFB Biomédicaments, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Pathogénèse et traitement de l'hépatite fulminante et du cancer du foie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS Haut de France), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
Male, food-borne infections, Epidemiology, viruses, Virologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CNR des Virus des hépatites à transmission entérique, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Disease Outbreaks, Men who have sex with men, Blood donations, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Genotype, France 4 AP-HP, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Marseille, Hepatitis A, virus diseases, Middle Aged, Hepatitis a virus, 3. Good health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, France 3 Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhône Alpes, outbreaks, Female, France, Rapid Communication, Saint Denis-La, laboratory surveillance, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, viral infections, Villejuif, Beynost, 03 medical and health sciences, hepatitis A virus, Virology, Humans, INSERM U1993, Homosexuality, Male, 2 Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ -IRD 190 -Inserm 1207 -IHU Méditerranée Infection), sexually transmitted infections, Aged, business.industry, men who have sex with men - MSM, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, France 5 Etablissement Français du Sang, medicine.disease, business
Abstract

International audience; Since mid-2016, hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks, involving predominantly men who have sex with men (MSM), have affected countries in Europe and overseas. In France, HAV screening of blood donations in 2017 revealed a HAV-RNA prevalence ca fivefold higher than during 2015-16 (4.42/106 vs 0.86/106; p = 0.0005). In 2017, despite a higher male-to-female ratio (5.5 vs 0.7) and the identification of MSM-associated outbreak strains, only one of 11 infected male donors self-reported being a MSM. Since mid-2016, outbreaks involving mainly men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported in European countries and overseas [1-6]. The outbreaks were associated with three genotype IA hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains: VDR_521_2016, RIVM_HAV16-090 and V16-25801. In this study, we report epidemiological and clinical findings pertaining to HAV infected blood donors before and during the recent outbreak in France.

Published
2018

21. Virus de l’hépatite E, implications en transfusion sanguine

Author

Rachid Djoudi, Y. Piquet, A. Assal, Jacques Izopet, Jacques Chiaroni, Pierre Tiberghien, and Pierre Gallian

Subjects
Blood transfusion, biology, Zoonotic Infection, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, virus diseases, RNA virus, Hematology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, digestive system diseases, Hepatitis E virus, Genotype, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Antibody, business
Abstract

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Autochthonous hepatitis E occurring in developed countries is caused by genotypes 3 and 4 and is a zoonotic infection. Humans are infected mostly after ingestion of undercooked meat from infected animals. Most HEV 3 and 4 infections are clinically inapparent. However, genotype 3 (HEV 3) can lead to chronic hepatitis in immuno-compromised patients such as organ-transplant recipients and patients with haematological malignancies. In Europe, HEV 3 is implicated in transfusion-transmitted HEV infection. In France, as observed in several European countries, prevalence of HEV RNA and specific IgG antibodies are high indicating that viral circulation is important. The systematic HEV NAT screening of blood donations used for preparation of solvent detergent plasma indicate that 1 to 2218 donation is infected by HEV RNA. The need or implementation's impacts of safety measures to prevent HEV transmission by blood transfusion are under reflexion by French's health authorities. The HEV NAT screening is the only available tool of prevention. Alternative strategies are under investigation including individual or mini pool NAT testing all or part of blood donations.

Published
2014

22. Hepatitis E and blood donation safety in selected European countries: a shift to screening?

Author

Anna Rita Ciccaglione, Dragoslav Domanovic, Richard S. Tedder, Christoph Niederhauser, Hans L. Zaaijer, Benoit Flan, Constatina Politis, Pierre Gallian, Guy Rautmann, Patricia E. Hewitt, Maria São José Nascimento, Wahiba Oualikene-Gonin, Fiona Boland, Joan O'Riordan, Cornelia Adlhoch, Lene Holm Harritshøj, Paul Strengers, Silvia Sauleda Oliveras, Johannes Blümel, Centre for Virology, department of infection, University College of London [London] (UCL), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire (GRHV), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [Portugal] (UTAD), Technological Educational Institute of Athens (TEI ), LFB Biomédicaments, AII - Infectious diseases, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Pediatrics, Blood transfusion, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, DONORS, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Medicine, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, POPULATION, PLASMA, Transmission (medicine), SEROPREVALENCE, virus diseases, E VIRUS-INFECTION, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Europe, Infectious Diseases, blood donation, RNA, Viral, Viral hepatitis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology, medicine.medical_specialty, TRANSMISSION, Blood Safety, HEV INFECTION, Euroroundup, hepatitis E virus, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, TRANSFUSION, Virology, Environmental health, Seroprevalence, Humans, Blood Transfusion, Mass screening, Europe/epidemiology, Hepatitis E/blood, Hepatitis E/diagnosis, Hepatitis E/epidemiology, Hepatitis E/prevention & control, Hepatitis E/transmission, Hepatitis E virus/genetics, Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification, RNA, Viral/blood, Transfusion Reaction, screening, transfusion, transmission, Science & Technology, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, RNA, business, 1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

The public health implications of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Europe have changed due to increasing numbers of hepatitis E cases and recent reports of chronic, persistent HEV infections associated with progression to cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. The main infectious risk for such immunosuppressed patients is exposure to undercooked infected pork products and blood transfusion. We summarised the epidemiology of HEV infections among blood donors and also outlined any strategies to prevent transfusion-transmitted HEV, in 11 European countries. In response to the threat posed by HEV and related public and political concerns, most of the observed countries determined seroprevalence of HEV in donors and presence of HEV RNA in blood donations. France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK) reported cases of transfusion-transmitted HEV. Ireland and the UK have already implemented HEV RNA screening of blood donations; the Netherlands will start in 2017. Germany and France perform screening for HEV RNA in several blood establishments or plasma donations intended for use in high-risk patients respectively and, with Switzerland, are considering implementing selective or universal screening nationwide. In Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain, the blood authorities are evaluating the situation. Denmark decided not to implement the HEV screening of blood donations.

Published
2017

23. Comparison of hepatitis E virus nucleic acid test screening platforms and RNA prevalence in French blood donors

Author

Azzedine Assal, Pierre Gallian, Isabelle Dupont, Anne Couchouron, Cécile Fabra, Yves Piquet, Pierre Tiberghien, Rachid Djoudi, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Immunology, MEDLINE, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral genetics, Hepatitis E virus, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, RNA, Nucleic acid test, Hematology, Virology, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, business, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Abstract

International audience

Published
2017

24. Epidemiology of Chikungunya Virus Outbreaks in Guadeloupe and Martinique, 2014: An Observational Study in Volunteer Blood Donors

Author

Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Rachid Djoudi, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rémi N. Charrel, Pierre Gallian, Pascale Richard, Françoise Maire, Jacques Chiaroni, Pierre Tiberghien, Olivier Flusin, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane - UFR des sciences médicales (UAG UFR SM), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Etablissement français du sang [Fort-de-France, Martinique] (EFS Martinique), French National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: ENIVD, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), IRBA Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Dubois Frid, Caroline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control - ENIVD - INCOMING, and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Volunteers, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, Physiology, Attack rate, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vascular Medicine, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Chikungunya, Prospective Studies, Guadeloupe, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Islands, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Hematology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, Blood, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Chikungunya infection, Pathogens, Anatomy, Martinique, Chikungunya virus, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Alphaviruses, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Context (language use), Blood donors, Microbiology, Togaviruses, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Seroprevalence, Humans, Viremia, Blood Donation, education, Microbial Pathogens, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Caribbean, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Outbreak, lcsh:RA1-1270, Tropical Diseases, Virology, Health Care, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, North America, Chikungunya Fever, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Blood groups, People and places, business
Abstract

Background During Dec-2013, a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak was first detected in the French-West Indies. Subsequently, the virus dispersed to other Caribbean islands, continental America and many islands in the Pacific Ocean. Previous estimates of the attack rate were based on declaration of clinically suspected cases. Methods/Principal findings Individual testing for CHIKV RNA of all (n = 16,386) blood donations between Feb-24th 2014 and Jan-31st 2015 identified 0·36% and 0·42% of positives in Guadeloupe and Martinique, respectively. The incidence curves faithfully correlated with those of suspected clinical cases in the general population of Guadeloupe (abrupt epidemic peak), but not in Martinique (flatter epidemic growth). No significant relationship was identified between CHIKV RNA detection and age-classes or blood groups. Prospective (Feb-2014 to Jan-2015; n = 9,506) and retrospective (Aug-2013 to Feb-2014; n = 6,559) seroepidemiological surveys in blood donors identified a final seroprevalence of 48·1% in Guadeloupe and 41·9% in Martinique. Retrospective survey also suggested the absence or limited "silent" CHIKV circulation before the outbreak. Parameters associated with increased seroprevalence were: Gender (M>F), KEL-1, [RH+1/KEL-1], [A/RH+1] and [A/RH+1/KEL-1] blood groups in Martiniquan donors. A simulation model based on observed incidence and actual seroprevalence values predicted 2·5 and 2·3 days of asymptomatic viraemia in Martiniquan and Guadeloupian blood donors respectively. Conclusions/Significance This study, implemented promptly with relatively limited logistical requirements during CHIKV emergence in the Caribbean, provided unique information regarding retrospective and prospective epidemiology, infection risk factors and natural history of the disease. In the stressful context of emerging infectious disease outbreaks, blood donor-based studies can serve as robust and cost-effective first-line tools for public health surveys., Author Summary Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus responsible of a large outbreak since December 2013 in the Americas from French islands in the Caribbean. Documentation of the epidemic was based on the survey of clinically suspected cases, providing limited information on the incidence of the disease overtime and the herd immunity of the general population at the end of the outbreak. Our study improved blood donors specimen collection and data obtained from the Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) screening implemented during the outbreak in order to prevent CHIKV transmission by blood products. After an 11 month follow up, we determine for Martinique and Guadeloupe islands the CHIKV-RNA positive rate: 0.42% and 0.36% respectively and the final IgG seroprevalence: 41.2% and 48.1%. Using a simulation model, we estimate the CHIKV duration of asymptomatic viremia to be between 2.3 and 2.5 days. Our findings will help in the comprehension of the natural history of infection and provide helpful data for prevention of Transfusion transmitted infections. Our study provides evidence that monitoring of Chikungunya infection based on NAT screening of voluntary blood donors can be implemented rapidly and provides real-time epidemiological information. This should be of specific relevance to the case of epidemics caused by viral infections with high numbers of asymptomatic forms such as observed with the currently emerging Zika virus.

Published
2017

25. Zika virus in asymptomatic blood donors in Martinique

Author

Pascale Richard, André Cabié, Rémi N. Charrel, Boris Pastorino, Laure Paturel, Pierre Gallian, Xavier de Lamballerie, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, and Pierre Tiberghien

Subjects
Adult, Male, Microcephaly, Immunology, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Asymptomatic, Donor Selection, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Martinique, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, Zika Virus Infection, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Zika Virus, Cell Biology, Hematology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Flavivirus, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Zika fever is an Aedes-borne disease caused by a flavivirus (Zika virus, ZIKV, genus Flavivirus). During the past years ZIKV spread in Polynesia, South-America and the Caribbean. Most ZIKV infections are asymptomatic or result in mild febrile disease with rash and conjunctivitis. Attention was recently drawn to non-vectored ZIKV transmission, including sexual, probable blood-borne and mother-to-fetus transmission, and to severe forms such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, acute neurological infections and fetal abnormalities (including microcephaly). Many aspects of Zika fever natural history remain unknown, e.g. the proportion of asymptomatic cases and the duration of viremia. Estimating the prevalence of Zika infections is difficult because a large proportion of infected individuals do not seek medical attention and seroprevalence studies are hampered by antigenic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue virus. Here, we present a study of ZIKV infection in blood donors from Martinique island (French West Indies, Caribbean region), with novel epidemiological, biological and clinical information that refine the picture of Zika fever in adults.

Published
2017
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26. Vox Sanguinis International Forum on donor notification and counselling strategies for markers of transfusion-transmissible infections: summary

Author

E. Zhiburt, D. Teo, Pierre Gallian, Patricia E. Hewitt, W. C. Tsoi, Mark Bigham, Rachid Djoudi, Miquel Lozano, Senarath Banda Abeykoon Jayasekara, Salwa Hindawi, J. N. S. Leung, Margaret Fearon, D. Kessler, Geneviève Woimant, J. Chay, T. Huang, Harumichi Matsukura, Suchet Sachdev, P. J. M. van den Burg, A. G. Bokhorst, N. Shantseva, Celso Bianco, N. Moleli, Neelam Marwaha, Yoshihiko Tani, S. Oyonarte, R.R. Sharma, Kenji Tadokoro, Cheuk-Kwong Lee, Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, University Clinical Hospital, Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, National Changhua University of Education (NCUE), Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Biological Environment, Akita University, Institute of Biomedical sciences, Academia Sinica, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), and National Changhua University of Education

Subjects
Genotyping, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Phenotype, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, MESH: Genotyping Techniques, Genotype, MESH: Gene Frequency, Medicine, Multiplex, Allele, Allele frequency, High prevalence, MESH: Humans, MESH: Blood Group Antigens, business.industry, MESH: Alleles, MESH: Blood Donors, Allele frequencies, Hematology, General Medicine, MESH: Mali, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, Immunology, Africa, business, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract

International audience; We determined the frequencies of clinically relevant blood group alleles in 300 blood donors from Mali. Multiplex test based on xMAP technology was used to investigate six blood group systems (RH, KEL, MNS, FY, JK, DO, HPA) and complementary analysis were conducted for MNS and RH systems. Polymorphisms that affect the specificity of molecular tests leading to discrepant genotype results are discussed. Antigen expressions were predicted showing that 50% of donors expressed at least one traditional low prevalence antigen, and 11.6% lacked the ability to express at least one high prevalence antigen compatible with Dob-, HPA1a-, S-s-U-, Jsb-, RH:-31 and/or RH:-34 phenotypes.

Published
2016

27. Organizing the Donation of Convalescent Plasma for a Therapeutic Clinical Trial on Ebola Virus Disease: The Experience in Guinea

Author

Maya Ronse, Bienvenu Salim Camara, Kadio Jean Jacques Olivier Kadio, Jean Pe Kolie, Patricia Chavarin, Achille Diona Guemou, Almudena Mari-Saez, Pierre Gallian, Alexandre Delamou, Maaike De Crop, Chantal Jacquot, Nyankoye Haba, Jan Jacobs, Catherine Lazaygues, Lutgarde Lynen, Anja De Weggheleire, Johan van Griensven, Auvergne-Loire Regional Blood Bank (EFS Auvergne-Loire), Saint-Etienne, Ministère de la santé, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, ESTHER Phase 2 Project (INT 108), Lux-Development SA (LuxDev), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, Blood Donors, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, medicine, Humans, media_common.cataloged_instance, Blood Transfusion, Survivors, 030212 general & internal medicine, European union, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Clinical Trials as Topic, Ebola virus, business.industry, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Plasmapheresis, Articles, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, 3. Good health, Surgery, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Donation, Needs assessment, Emergency medicine, Female, Guinea, Parasitology, business
Abstract

Although convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion was prioritized among potential Ebola treatments by the World Health Organization, there were concerns on the feasibility of its implementation. We report on the successful organization of donor mobilization and plasma collection as part of the Ebola-Tx clinical trial from November 2014 to July 2015 in Conakry, Guinea. Project implementation registers, tools and reports, mission reports, and minutes of research team meetings were used to reconstruct the sequence of events on how donor mobilization was organized, plasmapheresis was set up, and how effective this approach was in collecting CP. An initial needs assessment of the Guinean National Blood Transfusion Center resulted in targeted training of staff on site, resulting in autonomy and independent production of CP within 3 months. The Conakry Ebola Survivors Association played a direct role in donor mobilization and organization of CP donations. A total of 98 Ebola survivors were screened for plasma donation, of which 84 were found eligible for plasmapheresis. Of these, 26 (30.9%) were excluded. The remaining 58 donors made a total of 90 donations, corresponding to 50.9 L of CP. This sufficed to treat the 99 eligible patients enrolled in the trial. Within a poor resource emergency context, transfusion capacity could be rapidly improved through the strengthening of local capacities and gradual transfer of skills coupled with active involvement of Ebola survivors. However, large-scale plasma collection or multisite studies may require further adaptations of both strategy and logistics. The Ebola-Tx trial was funded by the European Union and others.

Published
2016

28. A nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection in French blood donors

Author

Jacques Izopet, Karine Sauné, Dominique Legrand, Pierre Tiberghien, B. Pelletier, Pierre Gallian, Pascal Morel, Catherine Arnaud, Jean Michel Mansuy, Chloé Dimeglio, Virology, University Hospital, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Virology, Toulouse University hospital, Centre de Nouméa, Biogéodynamique Supergène et Géomorphologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Laboratoire de Virologie [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse]

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood Donors, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin G, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Prevalence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Middle Aged, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, France, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Risk Assessment, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, biology.animal, Internal medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Hepatitis Antibodies, Chi-Square Distribution, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, biology.protein, business
Abstract

Most cases of hepatitis E viral (HEV) infection in developed countries are autochthonous. Nevertheless, the reported seroprevalence of HEV varies greatly depending on the geographical area and the performance of the immunoassay used. We used validated assays to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM among 10,569 French blood donors living in mainland France and three overseas areas. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire. We found an overall IgG seroprevalence of 22.4% (8%-86.4%) depending on the geographical area (P < 0.001). The presence of anti-HEV IgG was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001) and eating pork meat (P = 0.03), pork liver sausages (P < 0.001), game meat (P < 0.01), offal (P < 0.001), and oysters (P = 0.02). Conversely, drinking bottled water was associated with a lower rate of anti-HEV IgG (P = 0.02). Overall IgM seroprevalence was 1% (0%-4.6%). The frequency of anti-HEV IgM was higher in donors living in a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence area (1.9% versus 0.7%, P < 0.001) and in those eating pork liver sausage (1.4% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01), pâte (1% versus 0.4, P = 0.04), and wild boar (1.3% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01). Conclusion: HEV is endemic in France and hyperendemic in some areas; eating habits alone cannot totally explain the exposure to HEV, and contaminated water could contribute to the epidemiology of HEV infection in France. (Hepatology 2016;63:1145–1154)

Published
2016

29. Comparison of the analytical and operational performance of two viral nucleic acid test blood screening systems: Procleix Tigris and cobas s 201

Author

Marie Deschaseaux, B. David, Cathy Guitton, Valérie Barlet, Pascal Morel, Azzedine Assal, Pierre Gallian, Philippe de Micco, and Isabelle Dupont

Subjects
Hepatitis B virus, Operational performance, Hepatitis C virus, Immunology, Hepacivirus, medicine.disease_cause, Sensitivity and Specificity, Automation, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Blood Screening, Reproducibility of Results, Nucleic acid test, Hematology, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Virology, Nat, DNA, Viral, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, business, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The operational and analytical performance of two automated triplex hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleic acid test (NAT) systems were compared in four screening laboratories of the French Blood Service. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Two laboratories evaluated the Procleix Tigris system (Chiron/Gen-Probe) in individual donation (ID) format and two sites used the cobas s 201 system (Roche Molecular Systems) on minipools (MPs) of six donations. The analytical sensitivity, the specificity, and operational performance were compared. RESULTS: The ID to MP-NAT relative sensitivity factors in standard dilution panels of different genotypes varied between 8.7 and 21.9 for HCV RNA, 6.7 and 14.8 for HIV RNA, and 0.71 and 11.6 for HBV DNA. Tigris was 800-fold more sensitive than cobas s 201 (1:6) for a HIV group O sample, but did not detect the HIV-2 sample picked up by cobas s 201 with equal sensitivity as the HIV-1 group M samples. The specificity of both NAT systems after initial screening of 10,520 donations with Tigris and 1444 test pools on s 201 was 99.9 percent for both systems, but reached 100 percent after the repeat and pool resolution test algorithms. A higher throughput of the pool test protocol on cobas s 201 became apparent when the daily workload was more than 400 donations. CONCLUSIONS: Tigris ID-NAT format was significantly more sensitive than cobas s 201 MP-NAT in detecting HCV RNA and HIV RNA dilution panels, but despite the 1:6 dilution factor in s 201 the difference in sensitivity was not significant for some of the HBV genotype panels. Both NAT systems demonstrated acceptable operational performance, but for routine use further improvement in system reliability is desirable.

Published
2009

30. Ectoparasitism and Vector-Borne Diseases in 930 Homeless People From Marseilles

Author

Philippe Berbis, Philippe Brouqui, Hervé Dupont, J.L. Mège, Jean-Marc Rolain, Andreas Stein, Pierre Gallian, Sékéné Badiaga, Didier Raoult, and Bernard La Scola

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, MEDLINE, Ectoparasitic Infestations, Scabies, Bartonella quintana, Ectoparasitism, medicine, Humans, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, business.industry, General Medicine, Lice Infestations, Middle Aged, Antibodies, Bacterial, Tick-Borne Diseases, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Family medicine, Ill-Housed Persons, Immunology, Female, Medical team, France, Epidemiologic Methods, business
Abstract

Homeless people are particularly exposed to ectoparasites, but their exposure to arthropod-borne diseases has not been evaluated systematically. A medical team of 27 persons (7 nurses, 6 infectious disease residents or fellows, 2 dermatologists, and 12 infectious disease specialists) visited the 2 shelters in Marseilles, France, for 4 consecutive years. Homeless volunteers were interviewed, examined, and received care; and blood was sampled for cell counts and detection of bacteremia, antibodies to louse-borne (Rickettsia prowazekii, Bartonella quintana, and Borrelia recurrentis), flea-borne (R. typhi, R. felis), mite-borne (R. akari), and tick-borne (R. conorii) bacterial agents. We selected sex- and age-adjusted controls among healthy blood donors. Over 4 years, 930 homeless people were enrolled. Lice were found in 22% and were associated with hypereosinophilia (odds ratio, 5.7; 95% confidence intervals, 1.46-22.15). Twenty-seven patients (3%) with scabies were treated with ivermectin. Bartonella quintana was isolated from blood culture in 50 patients (5.3%), 36 of whom were treated effectively. The number of bacteremic patient increased from 3.4% to 8.4% (p = 0.02) over the 4 years of the study. We detected a higher seroprevalence to Borrelia recurrentis, R. conorii, and R. prowazekii antibodies in the homeless. Our study shows a high prevalence of louse-borne infections in the homeless and a high degree of exposure to tick-borne diseases and scabies. Despite effective treatment for Bartonella quintana bacteremia and the efforts made to delouse this population, Bartonella quintana remains endemic, and we found hallmarks of epidemic typhus and relapsing fever. The uncontrolled louse infestation of this population should alert the community to the possibility of severe re-emerging louse-borne infections.

Published
2005

31. Prospective detection of chikungunya virus in blood donors, Caribbean 2014

Author

Laure Paturel, Pascale Richard, Rachid Djoudi, Jacques Chiaroni, Pierre Tiberghien, Pierre Gallian, Xavier de Lamballerie, Géraldine Piorkowski, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Rémi N. Charrel, Nicolas Salez, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Fonctionnelle de Cardiogénétique et Myogénétique Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Unité de Virologie, Institut de Médecine Tropicale du Service de Santé des Armées, Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), etablissement francais du sang, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC), and Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
Western hemisphere, Caribbean island, business.industry, Immunology, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Cell Biology, Hematology, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, Chikungunya fever, Biochemistry, Virology, Virus, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Chikungunya, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, West indies
Abstract

To the editor: On December 5, 2013, chikungunya virus (CHIKV) was introduced into the Western Hemisphere. The first cases of autochthonous chikungunya fever were reported in Saint Martin, French West Indies (FWI), demonstrating local transmission.[1][1] As of March 30, 2014, autochthonous cases

Published
2014

32. Hepatitis E virus infection in sheltered homeless persons, France

Author

Didier Raoult, Hervé Richet, Mamadou Kaba, Sékéné Badiaga, Pierre Gallian, Philippe Colson, and Philippe Brouqui

Subjects
Male, Letter, Epidemiology, viruses, Prevalence, lcsh:Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Immunoglobulin G, Hepatitis E virus, injection drug use, Risk Factors, Genotype, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, Phylogeny, biology, homeless persons, autochthonous hepatitis, virus diseases, Middle Aged, Hepatitis E, HEV transmission, Infectious Diseases, Ill-Housed Persons, RNA, Viral, France, Antibody, Microbiology (medical), Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Article, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Letters to the Editor, business.industry, lcsh:R, medicine.disease, Virology, digestive system diseases, Immunoglobulin M, Immunology, biology.protein, business
Abstract

To determine the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among sheltered homeless persons in Marseille, France, we retrospectively tested 490 such persons. A total of 11.6% had immunoglobulin (Ig) G and 2.5% had IgM against HEV; 1 person had HEV genotype 3f. Injection drug use was associated with IgG against HEV.

Published
2010

33. Prevalence of GB virus type C/hepatitis G virus RNA and anti-E2 among blood donors in Southeastern France

Author

Yves Delord, Philippe Biagini, Philippe de Micco, Xavier de Lamballerie, Pierre Gallian, Jean-Pierre Zappitelli, Jean-François Cantaloube, Jacqueline Escher, and Houssam Attoui

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, Hepatitis, Viral, Human, Hepatitis C virus, Immunology, Population, Blood Donors, Genome, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus, Serology, Cohort Studies, Untranslated Regions, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Prospective Studies, education, Prospective cohort study, Hepatitis, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Flaviviridae, Transfusion Reaction, Alanine Transaminase, Hematology, medicine.disease, Virology, biology.protein, RNA, Female, France, Viral disease, Antibody, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

BACKGROUND: The purpose of the study was to analyze serologic and molecular markers of the GB virus type C/hepatitis G virus (GBV-C/HGV) infection in voluntary blood donors from Southeastern France. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Sera were tested for the presence of GBV-C/HGV RNA by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and that of antibodies to the GBV-C/HGV E2 (anti-E2) antigen by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A first cohort (1660 blood donors) was tested prospectively and a second cohort (238 samples with hepatitis markers) was tested retrospectively. Donors in the prospective study were questioned for possible risk factors of virus transmission. Amplification products were sequenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS: Approximately 2.6 percent of individuals accepted for blood donation and 15.4 percent with positive hepatitis C virus serologic tests carried GBV-C/HGV RNA. Anti-E2 was detected in these two populations in approximately 12 percent and 48 percent of donors, respectively. Moderate relative risks were found only in tattooed or pierced individuals (1.82) and health care workers (2.45). Almost all strains were located in the same phylogenetic branch as HGV Group 2. CONCLUSION: Though a large proportion of the donors tested have been in contact with GBV-C/HGV, no elevated relative risk of infection was identified. The phylogenetic distribution of viral strains suggests that the infection is endemic in this population.

Published
1999

34. Marseillevirus prevalence in multitransfused patients suggests blood transmission

Author

Didier Raoult, Jacques Chiarioni, Pierre Gallian, Nikolay Popgeorgiev, Philippe Colson, Christelle Desnues, Isabelle Thuret, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service d'Hématologie pédiatrique, Hôpital de la Timone, Marseille, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)- Hôpital de la Timone [CHU - APHM] (TIMONE), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Desnues, Christelle

Subjects
Male, Viral metagenomics, Thalassemia, Blood Donors, Antibodies, Viral, Serology, Prevalence, Child, Asymptomatic Infections, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, biology, Transmission (medicine), Middle Aged, DNA Virus Infections, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Adult, Adolescent, Population, Asymptomatic, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Virology, medicine, Humans, Blood Transfusion, education, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Chi-Square Distribution, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, Marseillevirus, DNA Viruses, Transfusion Reaction, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Immunology, DNA, Viral, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

a b s t r a c t Background: Emerging viral infections in humans are appearing at an increasing rate. Recently, we iden- tified a new Marseillevirus, named Giant Blood Marseillevirus (GBM), by performing viral metagenomics on asymptomatic blood donors. Objectives: To study and compare the prevalence of Marseillevirus between asymptomatic blood donors and thalassemia patients. Design: Here, we present a combined molecular and serological study on 174 asymptomatic blood donors and 22 patients with thalassemia who receive repeated blood transfusions to estimate the prevalence of Marseillevirus in these two populations. Results: We identified Marseillevirus genomic DNA in 4% of donors, whereas 9.1% of the thalassemia patients were positive for this virus. Moreover, IgG seropositivity was detected in 22.7% of patients in the thalassemia group, whereas this seropositivity was observed in 12.6% of the blood donor population. Conclusion: These results suggest that Marseillevirus infection is not rare in healthy persons and may be transmitted by transfusion, thus raising speculation regarding the long-term consequences of this viral infection, particularly in patients requiring repeated blood transfusions.

Published
2013
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35. Increasing prevalence of HDV/HBV infection over 15 years in France

Author

Annabelle Servant-Delmas, Pierre Gallian, Emmanuel Gordien, Syria Laperche, Frédéric Le Gal, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Service de bactériologie-Virologie-Hygiène [Avicenne], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Hôpital Avicenne [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Centre National de Référence Virus des hépatites B, C et Delta, and Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine [Paris] (INTS)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Genotype, viruses, Population, Blood Donors, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Epidemiology, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, Hepatitis Antibodies, education, Genotyping, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Incidence, HEPATITIS DELTA, virus diseases, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Hepatitis B, Hepatitis D, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, biology.protein, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, France, Antibody, Hepatitis Delta Virus, business, Viral load
Abstract

Background In France, there are no consistent data estimating hepatitis delta virus (HDV) prevalence in the general population. Objectives To better characterize HDV/HBV infection and its trends over a 15-years period from 1997 to 2011, we used data retrieved from the National Epidemiological Donors database including viral and demographic characteristics of all French HBV infected blood donors. Study design Of the 39,911,011 donations collected over the 15 year-study-period, 6214 (1.56 in 10 4 donations) were confirmed positive for HBV from which 72.3% were tested for HDV antibodies (Ab). HDV viral load was performed using a real-time PCR assay on positive HDV Ab samples and HDV genotype determined for each positive viremic sample. Results Among the 4492 HBV donations, 89 (1.98%) were HDV Ab positive. After being stable around 1.1% from 1997 to 2005, this rate has continuously increased to reach 6.5% in 2010, before declining to 0.85% in 2011. Of the 61 investigated HDV Ab positive individuals, 22.9% were viremic with a viral load ranging from 10 4 to 9.8 × 10 7 copies mL −1 . Genotyping revealed 12 HDV-1, 1 HDV-6 and 1 HDV-7 in accordance with the geographical origin of individuals. Conclusion Such a study gives unexpected features of HBV–HDV infection in the population of blood donors which is a priori, a healthy population. The increase of HDV prevalence mainly linked to migration of population from endemic countries, demonstrates that there is still no complete control of HBV infection and must encourage HBV vaccination campaigns and systematic screening for HDV in HBV-infected.

Published
2013

36. Circulating markers of oxidative stress and liver fibrosis in Sudanese subjects at risk of schistosomiasis and hepatitis

Author

Ould M.S. Abdallahi, A. Qurashi, Adil Mirghani, Jean-Paul Steghens, Carole Eboumbou, Pierre Gallian, Bouchra Gharib, Anne Linda Van Kappel, and Max De Reggi

Subjects
Adult, Liver Cirrhosis, Male, Rural Population, Adolescent, Urban Population, Veterinary (miscellaneous), Population, Helminthiasis, Schistosomiasis, Sudan, Lycopene, Fibrosis, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Malondialdehyde, medicine, Animals, Humans, Hepatitis Antibodies, Hyaluronic Acid, education, Child, Schistosoma, Aged, Hepatitis, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Hepatitis B, Carotenoids, Hepatitis C, Oxidative Stress, Infectious Diseases, Insect Science, Child, Preschool, Immunology, Parasitology, Female, Schistosoma mansoni, Viral hepatitis, business, Biomarkers
Abstract

Epidemiological studies in the developing world are frequently biased by the simultaneous presence of several infectious pathogens. In the present study, we examined the usefulness of circulating markers of oxidative stress and liver fibrosis to investigate the distinct forms of chronic liver inflammations associated with schistosomiasis and viral hepatitis, respectively. The study was performed in a Sudanese population exposed to Schistosoma. Circulating hyaluronic acid (HA) was used as a marker of liver fibrosis; the severity of schistosomiasis was determined by ultrasonic examination; viral hepatitis infection was ascertained by circulating anti-hepatitis antibodies. Serum markers were examined also in Sudanese subjects not exposed to Schistosoma infection and in French control subjects. We found a drastic decrease of lycopene levels in the subjects exposed to schistosomiasis in comparison with non-exposed Sudanese and French control subjects. Retinol, alpha-tocopherol and five carotenoids were unchanged. Lycopene depletion was unlikely to be due to variations of nutritional origin, since the lycopene/beta-carotene ratio was five-fold lower in the population at risk of schistosomiasis than in the other groups. We found that high HA serum levels were associated with severe periportal fibrosis but not with viral infection. Conversely, levels of the oxidized lipid malondialdehyde (MDA) were associated with viral infection but not with the severity of schistosomiasis, even though the two infections had additive effects. We concluded that serum markers are valuable tools for investigating the complex effects of co-existing factors of chronic liver inflammation.

Published
2004

37. TT virus infection in French hemodialysis patients: study of prevalence and risk factors

Author

Michel Olmer, Yvon Berland, Philippe de Micco, Xavier de Lamballerie, Pierre Gallian, D. Bouchouareb, Denis Raccah, Christa Roubicek, Bertrand Dussol, Catherine Mourey, Jean-François Cantaloube, Philippe Biagini, Mhammed Touinssi, and Sophie Simon

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Adult, Male, Hepatitis C virus, Population, Viremia, Genome, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Virus, Renal Dialysis, Risk Factors, Virology, medicine, Prevalence, Humans, education, Phylogeny, Aged, Hepatitis, education.field_of_study, biology, business.industry, DNA Viruses, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, GB virus C, Virus Diseases, Immunology, DNA, Viral, Female, Viral disease, France, business, Viral hepatitis
Abstract

The TT virus (TTV) is a recently discovered DNA virus which was first identified in patients with non-A to -G hepatitis following blood transfusion. In this study, we tested 150 attendees of two hemodialysis (HD) units of the public hospitals of Marseilles, France, for the presence of TTV genome by using a PCR-based methodology. The overall prevalence of TTV viremia was 28% (compared to 5.3% in blood donors from the same region). We demonstrated the existence of chronic infections and superinfections by strains belonging to different genotypes. The prevalence of infection was higher in patients originating from Africa, in patients with previous blood transfusion or organ transplantation, in patients with antibody to hepatitis B core antigen, and in those with diabetes mellitus. A high prevalence of TTV infection (50%) was also observed in a population of patients with diabetes mellitus but without renal disease. No significant relationship was found between TTV viremia and hepatitis C virus or GB virus C, transaminases, age, sex, and duration of HD treatment. The PCR amplification products (located in open reading frame 1 of the TTV genome) were sequenced. These genomic sequences were submitted to phylogenetic analysis by using the Jukes-Cantor algorithm for distance determination and the neighbor-joining method for tree building. In several instances, sequences from viruses isolated in a HD unit were grouped in the same phylogenetic cluster. These results together with the different distribution of cases in the two HD units suggest there is viral transmission within each.

Published
1999

38. Transfusion-associated Hepatitis E, France

Author

Philippe de Micco, Mireille Henry, Catherine Tamalet, Pierre Gallian, Carole Coze, and Philippe Colson

Subjects
Microbiology (medical), Blood transfusion, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, Parenteral transmission, immunosuppressive therapy, letter, lcsh:Medicine, hepatitis E virus, medicine.disease_cause, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Hepatitis E virus, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Seroconversion, Letters to the Editor, education, transfusion, Hepatitis, education.field_of_study, business.industry, lcsh:R, virus diseases, HEV RNA, Combination chemotherapy, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, digestive system diseases, Infectious Diseases, nosocomial infection, Immunology, business
Abstract

To the Editor: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute and fulminant hepatitis in developing countries (1). In industrialized countries, HEV seroprevalence rates of 0.4%–3% are common, and evidence is mounting that autochthonous transmission might account for a substantial proportion of infections (1–3). Whereas fecal-oral HEV transmission is preponderant in developing countries, other routes have been demonstrated in industrialized countries, among them consumption of pork or boar meat (1,4). Parenteral transmission was first suggested but not demonstrated (5,6). Because viruses cannot be fully inactivated in blood products, HEV recently emerged as a transfusion-transmitted pathogen, with 6 reported cases, including 3 in which comparative analysis of HEV sequences from blood donor and recipient was performed (7). We describe what is, to our knowledge, the first case in France and the first case worldwide involving a child as blood recipient. A 7-year-old boy was examined in June 2006; he had erythematous-papulous skin and an increased level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT, 796 IU/L) of 1 week’s duration. From October 2005 to May 2006, he had received several courses of combined chemotherapy for a rhabdoid tumor in his kidney. Therapy included carboplatin, cyclophosphamide, etoposide, adriamycin, and vincristine, and, because of the tumor’s hematotoxicity, 22 transfusions of concentrated erythrocytes or platelets. Peak levels of ALT and bilirubin were reached 4 weeks after onset of hepatitis (2,001 IU/L and 49 μmol/L, respectively), and ALT levels returned to normal range (8–45 IU/L) 6 weeks later. During a follow-up examination, the boy’s prothrombin index remained >80%, and clinical signs mostly consisted of clinical jaundice. HEV diagnosis was established by detection of HEV antibodies in serum (EIAgen Kits, Adaltis Development Inc., Laval, Quebec, Canada) and HEV RNA with in-house assays. Other infectious or noninfectious causes of acute hepatitis were excluded. HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) was weakly positive in June 2006 (optical density ratio = 1.6), then strongly positive the next month (ratio = 10.8); IgG remained negative. HEV RNA was detected from serum samples collected in June 2006 by an in-house real-time PCR that targeted the open reading frame 2 region of the HEV genome. Sequences of primers/probe are as follows: 5′-aattratttcgtcggcygg-3′; HevMrsRTRev: 5′acwgtcggctcgccattg-3′; HevMrsFam: 5′-FAM-actcycgccasgtygtctca-TAMRA-3′. Serum samples taken from 12 U of packed erythroctyes that the child received, 1 U at a time, during the 3-months period before onset of hepatitis were tested for HEV RNA; 1 sample was positive. Concentrated erythrocytes (310 mL) from this positive blood donation were transfused to the child in May 2006, 4 weeks after collection and 6 weeks before acute hepatitis developed. HEV IgG and IgM antibodies were not detected in the blood donation, which indicates that the blood donation occurred during the prodromic phase of HEV disease. HEV nucleotide sequences from the blood donor and recipient were identical. Phylogenetic analysis showed that they clustered together and were closely related to genotype 3f, which is prevalent in Europe (Figure [8]). Figure Outline of phylogenetic tree (complete figure available online, http://www.cdc.gov/EID/13/4/zzz-T.htm) constructed by the neighbor-joining method on the basis of partial nucleotide sequences of the open reading frame (ORF) 2 region of hepatitis E virus ... The blood donor was a 24-year-old man. He did not travel outside metropolitan France for 8 months before donating blood. Anti-HEV IgG seroconversion was observed on a serum sample collected 24 weeks after blood donation, whereas anti-HEV IgM and serum HEV RNA tested negative. ALT levels were within normal values at the time of blood donation and 24 weeks later. No clinical signs were reported at any time. No other recipient received blood products from this donor. Our data show that HEV was transmitted from 1 blood donor to the recipient child. On the basis of retrospective HEV RNA detection, 6 other transfusion-transmitted HEV infections, all involving adult blood recipients, have occurred in HEV-hyperendemic and industrialized countries (7). Transfusion-transmitted HEV strains belonged to different genotypes/subtypes that corresponded to those found in the same geographic areas (Figure). In France, neither HEV antibodies nor HEV RNA are systematically tested in blood donors, and blood donations currently are not tested for ALT. In the absence of systematic HEV RNA testing, HEV diagnosis in blood donations may be hampered by HEV viremia before clinical onset and anti-HEV seroconversion, the possible short persistence or absence of HEV antibodies, and the high frequency of subclinical infections (1,2,5). On the basis of these data, improved knowledge of HEV epidemiology in the general population and in blood donors is needed in industrialized countries to guide HEV screening policy for blood products. Another concern of transfusion-transmitted HEV infections is the potential severity of acute hepatitis E. Previously reported cases of contamination through transfusion and our case showed spontaneous recovery. However, although typically self-limited, hepatitis E is potentially life-threatening with mortality rates of 0.2%–4%, reaching 20% in pregnant women (1). Fatal outcome has also been described in children (10). In summary, HEV-contaminated blood donations are a challenge for diagnosis and virus safety of transfusion, including in industrialized countries.

Published
2007

39. Prevalence of antibody against West Nile virus in volunteer blood donors living in southeastern France

Author

J. P. Durand, Houssam Attoui, Pierre Biagini, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rémi N. Charrel, Pierre Gallian, and Philippe de Micco

Subjects
Adult, Male, Adolescent, West Nile virus, Immunology, Blood Donors, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Volunteer, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, biology, business.industry, Hematology, Middle Aged, Virology, biology.protein, Female, France, Antibody, business, West Nile Fever
Published
2001

41. Multicentric evaluation of the DiaMed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay malaria antibody test for screening of blood donors for malaria

Author

Pierre Gallian, P. Guntz, Tamer Abdelrahman, A. Assal, P. Volle, M.-H. Elghouzzi, S. Berrebi, Ermanno Candolfi, Valérie Barlet, Alexandre Senegas, M. Beolet, C. Doderer, D. Filisetti, C. Chuteau, and T. Steinmetz

Subjects
Blood transfusion, Concordance, medicine.medical_treatment, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Antibodies, Protozoan, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Blood Donors, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Immunofluorescence, law.invention, law, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Mass Screening, Prospective Studies, Polymerase chain reaction, Retrospective Studies, biology, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Hematology, General Medicine, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, Malaria, Immunology, biology.protein, Blood Banks, France, Antibody, business
Abstract

The risk of malaria transmission by blood transfusion is critical due to extensive travel from endemic areas to non-endemic areas. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) malaria antibody test has been developed that is claimed to perform better than the immunofluorescence assay test (IFAT). The assay contains antigens to both Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax. A multicentre study was performed to evaluate the appropriateness of replacing the IFAT by the new ELISA test. Nine French blood banks participated in this multicentre study. Two panels of samples were evaluated. The first included 4163 samples from healthy donors and was used to calculate clinical specificity of the assay. The second involved 10 995 samples either collected retrospectively or prospectively from malaria-risk donors was used to assess the comparative performance of the ELISA and IFAT. Discordant samples were further tested using an in-house IFAT and also tested for presence of Plasmodium DNA by polymerase chain reaction. The ELISA showed a clinical specificity of 99.02%. In the malaria-risk blood donors groups the retrospective group showed a concordance rate of 92.6% (k = 0.90) while the prospective group showed a concordance rate of 97% (k = 0.46). After confirming the discordant sample results by an in-house IFAT the k index increased to 0.81. None of the discordant samples was shown to contain Plasmodium DNA. The performance of the ELISA test in this study has confirmed its potential as a new screening test for use in blood banks as an alternative to the IFAT in prevention of transfusion-transmitted malaria in non-endemic countries. (authors)

Published
2007

42. Presence of TT virus in French blood donors and intravenous drug users

Author

Philippe de Micco, Xavier de Lamballerie, Jean-François Cantaloube, Pierre Gallian, and Philippe Biagini

Subjects
Adult, Hepatology, Intravenous drug, business.industry, DNA Viruses, Blood Donors, Pharmacology, Virology, Virus, Humans, Medicine, France, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, business
Published
1998

44. Convalescent Plasma and the Dose of Ebola Virus Antibodies

Author

Xavier de Lamballerie, Johan van Griensven, Pierre Gallian, ESTHER Phase 2 Project (INT 108), Lux-Development SA (LuxDev), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), and Etablissement Français du Sang

Subjects
Convalescent plasma, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Antibodies, Viral, medicine.disease_cause, Plasma, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, MESH: Ebolavirus, MESH: Plasma, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ebolavirus, Ebola virus, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, Virology, Immunology, MESH: Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, biology.protein, Antibody, business, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract

International audience

Published
1970

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