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Bertrand Russell was a renowned thinker who has exerted great influence over the Western intellectual circles of the 20th century. In particular, his criticism and reflections on Western religious ...

Aim To study the imaging features of leukoaraiosis (LA) and hemorrhage in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) patients. Methods The earliest MRI images of probable CAA patients and non-CAA patients were collected. The characteristics of LA in the two groups were analyzed. Cerebral micro bleeding (CMB), superficial siderosis (SS), and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were recorded in the follow-up study. The space relationship between CMB or SS and ICH was assessed. Results We found that 10/21 (47.6%) patients had occipital prominent LA and 14/21 (66.7%) patients had subcortical punctate LA before the ICH, which was higher than that of the ones in the control group (p = 0.015 and 0.038, respectively). The recurrence rate of ICH was 100% (3/3) in patients with diffuse SS and 36.4% (4/11) in patients without. The recurrence rate of ICH was 60% (3/5) in patients with multiple-lobe CMBs and 44.4% (4/9) in those without. The location of the ICH and CMB was inconsistent. ICH occurred in the ipsilateral cerebral hemisphere of SS in three patients with diffuse SS. Conclusion LA, diffuse SS, and multiple-lobe CMBs are important imaging characteristics of CAA, which may help make early diagnosis and predict the recurrence of ICH.

Because of the sequence and number of calls of functions, software network cannot reflect the real execution of software. Thus, to detect crucial functions (DCF) based on software network is controversial. To address this issue, from the viewpoint of software dynamic execution, a novel approach to DCF is proposed in this paper. It firstly models, the dynamic execution process as an execution sequence by taking functions as nodes and tracing the stack changes occurring. Second, an algorithm for deleting repetitive patterns is designed to simplify execution sequence and construct software sequence pattern sets. Third, the crucial function detection algorithm is presented to identify the distribution law of the numbers of patterns at different levels and rank those functions so as to generate a decision-function-ranking-list (DFRL) by occurrence times. Finally, top-k discriminative functions in DFRL are chosen as crucial functions, and similarity the index of decision function sets is set up. Comparing with the results from Degree Centrality Ranking and Betweenness Centrality Ranking approaches, our approach can increase the node coverage to 80%, which is proven to be an effective and accurate one by combining advantages of the two classic algorithms in the experiments of different test cases on four open source software. The monitoring and protection on crucial functions can help increase the efficiency of software testing, strength software reliability and reduce software costs.

The data presented herein are related to the research article entitled "Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate blocks fructose-induced hepatic NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome activation and lipid metabolism disorder" (Zhao et al., 2017) [1]. This article describes the effects of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on 24-h food or water intake in fructose-fed rats at 15-week. In addition, this article expands the effect of magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate on the animal body weight change during 1-17 week. The field dataset is made publicly available to enable critical or extended analyzes.

A new temporary bonding technology with an ultrafast laser-release process of less than 20 s is presented, where a 300-nm-thick photolysis polymer and polyimide are served as the release layer and adhesive layer, respectively. The submicrometer-thick polymer has the feature of high absorption of a 355-nm laser in contrast to polyimide during debonding procedures. In addition, the thin release layers of high chemical resistance and mechanical strength demonstrate their feasibility for handling process. Electrical characteristics of the devices before and after the laser-release process are investigated, showing no degradation. Thus, this technology scheme demonstrates its potential for temporary bonding and release in 3-D integration applications.

With the deepening of research on network theory, scientists have gradually begun to adopt complex networks to look at complex systems in nature. A complex network is a network of a large number of closely related and interacting units. This paper believes that each component of the software can be abstracted into various algebraic components. These algebraic components are assembled into a software system. Its assembly process satisfies the configuration and fit characteristics in the topological space. Using algebraic components as the vertices of complex network graphs, the connection relationship between them is taken as the edge of the complex network graph. Using this new perspective, the software system is regarded as a complex network graph composed of algebraic components and their connection relationships. We have proved that the software system can be abstracted into the form of algebraic component expressions, and can find algebraic components that may have vulnerabilities based on the eigenvalues of complex networks.

High fructose intake is a risk of glomerular podocyte dysfunction. Podocyte apoptosis has emerged as a major cause of podocyte loss, exacerbating proteinuria. Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG) is usually used as a hepatoprotective agent in clinic. Liver and kidney injury often occurs in human diseases. Recent report shows that MgIG improves kidney function. In this study, we found that MgIG significantly alleviated kidney dysfunction, proteinuria and podocyte injury in fructose-fed rats. It also restored fructose-induced podocyte apoptosis in rat glomeruli and cultured differentiated podocytes. Of note, high-expression of miR-193a, downregulation of Wilms' tumor protein (WT1) and RelA, as well as upregulation of C-Maf inducing protein (C-mip) were observed in these animal and cell models. The data from the transfection of miR-193a mimic, miR-193a inhibitor, WT1 siRNA or LV5-WT1 in cultured differentiated podocytes showed that fructose increased miR-193a to down-regulate WT1, and subsequently activated C-mip to suppress RelA, causing podocyte apoptosis. These disturbances were significantly attenuated by MgIG. Taken together, these results provide the first evidence that MgIG restrains fructose-induced podocyte apoptosis at least partly through inhibiting miR-193a to upregulate WT1, supporting the application of MgIG with a novel mechanism-of-action against podocyte apoptosis associated with fructose-induced kidney dysfunction.

Online object tracking under complex environments is an important but challenging problem in computer vision, especially for illumination changing and occlusion conditions. With the emergence of commercial real-time depth cameras like Kinect, depth image-based object tracking, which is insensitive to illumination changing, gains more and more attentions. In this paper, we propose an online depth image-based object tracking method with sparse representation and object detection. In this framework, we combine tracking and detection to leverage precision and efficiency under heavy occlusion conditions. For tracking, objects are represented by sparse representations learned online with update. For detection, we apply two different strategies based on tracking-learning-detection and wider search window approaches. We evaluate our methods on both the subset of the public dataset Princeton Tracking Benchmark and our own driver face video in a simulated driving environment. The quantitative evaluations of precision and running time on these two datasets demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed object tracking algorithms.

In the rapid development of society today, along with the popularization of computer technology and the extensive application of the Internet, all walks of life are applying the computer management system to their own enterprises. As a member of the service industry, the hotel industry is also developing rapidly. In order to integrate the rapid development of computer network and hotel industry, to provide better service to consumers and to improve the management efficiency of hotels, hotel room information management systems have emerged. This article describes a management platform for hotel room's online booking and guest information using kendo UI front-end framework design. Using SSM (Spring, Spring MVC, MyBatis) framework to deal with background programs. The overall mission of system development is to ensure office staff can quickly and easily complete the hotel guest room management task, providing better and faster service for residents. The interface is simple and his operation is easy to maintain.

Background : The association between pulse pressure and the risk of stroke in elderly patients with multiple comorbidities is not well understood. The present study aimed to investigate the association between pulse pressure and the risk of stroke in elderly patients. Measurements : We retrospectively assessed stroke/ transient ischemic attack (TIA) risk factors in 623 patients (33% female, median age, 74 years) with coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) at Chinese PLA General Hospital. The effects of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and pulse pressure on the risk of stroke/TIA were assessed using a binary logistic regression analysis. The ability of changes in blood pressure to predict the risk of stroke/TIA was assessed using a receiver operating characteristics curve. Results : 228 (36.59%) patients had a stroke/TIA. DBP was significantly lower in the patients with stroke/TIA than in those without (75.83 ± 11.14 vs. 78.91 ± 11.85, P = 0.001). Pulse pressure was markedly higher in the stroke/TIA compared with the non-stroke/TIA group (61.34 ± 14.59 vs. 56.01 ± 14.65, P < 0.001). SBP was not significantly different between the groups. The multivariate analysis revealed pulse pressure (odds ratio, (OR), 1.02, 95% confidential interval (CI), 1.01–1.04, P < 0.001) and DBP ≤70 mmHg (OR, 95% CI, 1.44, 1.01–2.06, P =0.044) were independently associated with the risk of stroke/TIA. The c -statistics (95% CI) for pulse pressure and DBP ≤70 mmHg for predicting stroke/TIA were 0.62 (0.57–0.66; P

Background We investigated the clinical value of serum levels of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and human soluble protein-100β (S-100β) in acute cerebral infarction (ACI) patients. Material and methods A literature search of electronic databases identified relevant case-control studies that examined the correlations between NSE and S-100β serum levels, and ACI. The retrieved studies were screened based on our strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, and high-quality studies were subsequently selected for meta-analysis. STATA software (Version 12.0, Stata Corporation, College Station, TX, USA) was utilized for statistical analysis. Results A total of 13 case-control studies, containing 911 ACI patients and 686 healthy controls, were enrolled in this meta-analysis. The results of the meta-analysis showed that serum levels of NSE and S-100β in ACI patients were significantly higher than the control group. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity revealed that the serum levels of NSE and S-100β in ACI patients were significantly higher than the control group in Asian population. In Caucasian population, the serum levels of NSE in case group was significantly higher than the control group, but no significant differences in serum levels of S-100β were observed between ACI patients and the control group. Conclusions Based on our results, we conclude that serum levels of NSE and S-100β strongly correlate with ACI in Asian population, and may be important clinical markers for diagnosis and treatment of ACI.

Pairing-free certificate-less two-party authenticated key agreement (CT-AKA) protocol is computation-efficient, easily manageable, and less key escrow dependent compared to traditional pairing-based identity-based protocol. In this paper, we propose four types of attacks on CT-AKA, present a pairing-free CT-AKA protocol and analyze its security in Lippold model. Compared with relevant CT-AKA protocols, our protocol is more efficient, secure and practical to apply.

This study consisted of a site- and age-specific investigation linking children's blood lead level (BLL) to environmental exposures in a historic mining site in south China. A total of 151 children, aged 3–7 years, were included in this study. The geometric mean (GM) BLL was 8.22 μg/dl, indicating an elevated BLL. The Integrated Exposure Uptake Bio-Kinetic (IEUBK) model has proven useful at many sites for study of routes of exposure. Application of the IEUBK model to these children indicated that the GM difference between observed and predicted BLL levels was only 1.07 μg/dl. It was found that the key environmental exposure pathway was soil/dust intake, which contributed 86.3% to the total risk. Younger children had higher BLL than did older children. Therefore, of the various low risk-high benefit solutions, interventions for the children living near the site should be focused on the dust removal and soil remediation. Implementation of the China Eco-village Construction Plan and China New Rural Reconstruction Movement of the government may be a better solution.

This paper aims to get the kinematic performance and control parameters of moving mooring marine current turbine system such as velocity, period of motion, speed increasing ratio, motion trail, tension of cable, steerage and timing of control, strength of the platform and etc. This article first gets the hydrodynamic parameters with CFD and then builds the equations of motion, and the system simulation test was carried out with Matlab and Adams. The result shows that this moving mooring marine current turbine system can move on a designed trajectory by steering in flow environment. The velocity of the platform is about six to eight times to the current speed. The simulation lays a foundation for the development of engineering prototype. There have been plenty of information proved the theoretical breakthrough but we still need to face great challenge in the project practice in the coming future.

The tolerance of device morphology in wafer-level bonding through polymer-coated layer was investigated for the application of 3D integration. Several different pillar heights were fabricated on wafers to simulate the case of bonding with real devices on wafers. Overall, the wafer morphology with polymer-coated layer above devices less than 2 μm can achieve excellent bonding quality. Furthermore, undamaged carrier wafers can be obtained after laser-assisted de-bonding technology and post clean treatment. Based on bonding results, this research can provide a practical concept on device morphology for polymer-based temporary wafer-level bonding in 3D integration.

Aim the defect that the calculating algorithm for the link price is based on the proportion of the link state such as queuing length, queuing delay etc. However the proportion is invariable and is unable to meet the dynamical character of data center network. Therefore, the figure that the controller of SDN architecture can grasp the global resource information will be made full use of, a kind of two layer network global congestion price calculating algorithm is put forward. The upper algorithm is deployed in the opendaylight controller and give proportion parameter vector B according to the global resource information (including network topology, link state, queue length). The lower algorithm is deployed in OpenFlow switch, compute the link congestion price according to proportion parameter vector B given by the upper algorithm.

In this paper, we experimentally demonstrate a 200-G (4×56-Gbit/s) optical 4-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) system using 10G-class optics over 10-km standard single-mode fiber and propose a joint Hartley-domain equalizer (HDE) and time-domain equalizer (TDE) algorithm for efficiently compensating the serious high-frequency distortions caused by the bandwidth-limited devices. To the best of our knowledge, the first HDE based on Hartley transform is designed for an optical PAM-4 system. Owing to the real-valued and self-inverse properties of the Hartley transform, the HDE has advantages in processing the real-valued PAM-4 signal. The experimental results show that the joint HDE and TDE algorithm has a better performance than only the HDE or only the TDE. Meanwhile, for obtaining a desired bit error rate, the computational complexity of the joint HDE and TDE algorithm is approximately 6% that of only the TDE with larger tap number. In conclusion, the joint HDE and TDE algorithm shows great potential for high-speed and cost-sensitive optical PAM-4 systems.

A new method of combining art image generation and data hiding to enhance the camouflage effect for various information-hiding applications is proposed. First, a new type of computer art, called line-based Cubism-like image, which keeps a characteristic of the Cubism art-abstraction by prominent lines and regions from multiple viewpoints-is proposed. In the creation process with an input source image, prominent line segments in the image are detected and rearranged to form an abstract region-type art image of the Cubism flavor. Data hiding with the minimal distortion is carried out skillfully during the process of recoloring the regions in the generated art image by shifting the pixels' colors for the minimum amount of ±1 while keeping the average colors of the regions unchanged. Based on a rounding-off property in integer-valued color computation, the proposed data hiding technique is proved by theorems to be reversible, and thus useful for lossless recovery of the cover art image from the stego-image. Four security enhancement measures are also adopted to prevent hackers from extracting embedded data correctly. Experimental results show the feasibility of the proposed method.

A submicron photolysis polymer temporary bonding with ultra-fast laser de-bonding process of less than 20 s has been demonstrated where both photolysis polymer and polyimide are served as release layer and adhesive layer, respectively. In addition, the bonded structure provides high chemical resistance and mechanical strength for handling process. By measuring the electrical characteristics of devices before and after de-bond, it shows promising performance without degradation. Thus it can be a potential candidate for temporary bonding and de-bonding in 3D integration.

The past computing method of the link status price is difficult to meet the needs of dynamic network. This paper is presented to take full advantage of the feature that the global link status information can be grasped by the central controller of software defined networking (SDN) architecture and proposed a two-tier trusted method for global congestion price computing (GCPC). The ratio argument vector B is given by the upper-tier method with the machine learning algorithm and fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm according to the global network operating status information. The link status price is computed according to ratio argument vector B. The simulation results show that the link status price calculated by GCPC method is trusted and this improved method can efficiently promote the throughput of bisection bandwidth.

We carry out the numerical simulations of femtosecond laser propagation with TEM00 mode, TEM10 mode and a beam combining both the modes in fused silica. It is found that the transverse size of plasma zones induced by laser pulses with the TEM10 mode is smaller than that induced by the TEM00 mode, while the longitudinal size is almost the same, and the saturated plasma density is higher. The transverse size, the longitudinal size and the ratio of the longitudinal to transverse size, for the beam combining both the modes, all could be reduced at the same time in comparison with the TEM00 mode under the same focusing conditions.

The born of GUI is a milestone in the development of software. It is very popular and welcomed by the consumers because of its friendly user interface and easy straightforward operation. Meanwhile it brings new challenges for the automation software testing technology. This paper begin to discuss with a company’s GUI software testing project, finally, designing and implementing a set of GUI software test automation tool which based on understanding of testing strategy and requirement as well as characteristics of the software which to be tested. This tool based on SWTBot,an open-source testing framework, conducting a customized development of under test software, which has the features of stable, effectiveness, easy to maintenance, at the same time, has a strong portability. This tool has been successfully applied to the testing project, operating over 1000 test cases. It is nearly replaced all the manual testing in the regression testing. The efficiency and maintainability have high reputation from the QA engineers who are participated.

Traditional brick‐and‐mortar companies are embracing the use of modern technologies to enhance the services they offer and to gain customer loyalty. The objectives are to stay in the forefront of today’s marketplace and to improve service, efficiency, and profitability. The hospitality industry has transformed itself into a global industry, and, as one of the largest industries in the world, it serves as an excellent example of an industry that has transformed itself in response to changes in customer requirements and demands. Continuous technological developments and their adoption in the hospitality industry have provided numerous opportunities and challenges. This paper examines the perceptions of international hotel managers on the adoption of technology in their hotels. The results emphasise the growing demand of hotel customers for various technology‐supported services. Technology is found to have affected the ability of hotels to support employees, enhance the quality of service, improve efficiencies, gain competitive advantage, maintain relationships with customers, and increase profitability.

This paper proposes an novel idea to develop application. Different from traditional programming methods, users can design their application without long term training. The tool prevents syntax and semantic errors during design the application. Based on the proposed idea a total solution to develop application for android system is established. The system includes a cloud system, user management system, web base development tool and an auto deploy system. By means of simply drag and drop, users can design and deploy their application. The architecture also provides flexibility to change the application target with modify the language layer.

Online object tracking is a challenging problem because of changing environment including diverse illumination and occlusion conditions. The emergence of commercial real-time depth cameras like Kinect make online RGBD-based object tracking algorithm become a focus of research. In this paper, we propose a robust online depth image-based object tracking method with sparse coding. We introduce sigmoid normalization for local depth patch. In order to recovery from tracking failure in condition of heavily occlusion. we present a detection module based on PCA bases. Experiments show that our method exceeds original color image-based method in case of environment changes.

A novel boundary determination algorithm (BDA) for robust lane detection is presented. The algorithm can track a complete lane boundary based on partial lane edge points provided there exist sufficient orientation similarity there between. BDA mainly comprises two parts: (a) utilizing an edge detection method to extract orientations and coordinates of edge points; (b) repeatedly applying two circular masks, i.e., a probing circular mask followed by a tracing circular mask, to collect two separate sets of orientations of edge points and from which to sift out a primary orientation for tracking a curve as perceived by human eyes. The algorithm is characterized in that the probing circular mask acts to probe ahead for the tracing circular mask in order to avoid deviation from the right track.

Temporal evolution of absorption induced by single femtosecond pulse (130 fs, 800 nm) with high intensity in LiNbO3 is obtained using the probe shadow imaging technique in order to investigate light-induced electron relaxation processes. By saturating the polaron density with a high intensity laser pulse, ultra-fast decay process on picosecond time scale is observed. The decay time constant is about 141 ps and it is attributed to the direct interband electron–hole recombination process.

To investigate the association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and the development of gallstone disease (GSD).A cross-sectional study was conducted in 7570 subjects (4978 men aged 45.0 ± 8.8 years, and 2592 women aged 45.3 ± 9.5 years) enrolled from the physical check-up center of the hospital. The subjects included 918 patients with gallstones (653 men and 265 women) and 6652 healthy controls (4325 men and 2327 women) without gallstones. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and serum lipids and lipoproteins levels were measured. Colorimetric method was used to measure cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Dextrose oxidizing enzyme method was used to measure FPG. Subjects were asked to complete a questionnaire that enquired about the information on demographic data, age, gender, histories of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and chronic liver disease and so on. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according to the Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) criteria. Gallstones were defined by the presence of strong intraluminal echoes that were gravity-dependent or attenuated ultrasound transmission.Among the 7570 subjects, the prevalence of the gallstone disease was 12.1% (13.1% in men and 10.2% in women). BMI, waist circumference, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and serum triglyceride (TG) in cases group were higher than in controls, while serum high-density lipid was lower than in controls. There were significant differences in the waist circumference, blood pressure, FPG and TG between cases and controls. In an age-adjusted logistic regression model, metabolic syndrome was associated with gallstone disease. The age-adjusted odds ratio of MetS for GSD in men was 1.29 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.09-1.52; P = 0.0030], and 1.68 (95% CI, 1.26-2.25; P = 0.0004) in women; the overall age-adjusted odds ratio of MetS for GSD was 1.42 (95% CI, 1.23-1.64; P0.0001). The men with more metabolic disorders had a higher prevalence of gallstone disease, the trend had statistical significance (P0.0001). The presence of 5 components of the MetS increased the risk of gallstone disease by 3.4 times (P0.0001). The prevalence of GSD in women who had 5 components of MetS was 5 times higher than in those without MetS component. The more the components of MetS, the higher the prevalence of GSD (P0.0001). The presence of 5 components of the MetS increased the risk of gallstone disease by 4.0 times.GSD appears to be strongly associated with MetS, and the more the components of MetS, the higher the prevalence of GSD.

At the Spring Festival banquet of 2010, one of the most affectionate moments for ordinary Chinese nationals, Chinese premier Wen Jiabao solemnly proclaimed: “What we have done is solely targeted at making a happier and more dignified life for our people.” Such statements like “making a happy life for people” have been frequently made by Chinese leaders at various political events, but they have been fairly occasional in promising that Chinese people should be given a more dignified life. It certainly acquires extraordinary import when such promise is made at the Spring Festival, full of optimistic expectation for Chinese nationals. Such promise, consequentially, aroused heated discussions among Chinese nationals from all walks of life, generalizing roughly to two categories: one being the material aspect of dignified life in ‘affluence in food and clothing’ as well as ‘living in peace and plenty’, and another being the spiritual aspect of dignified life in ‘free thinking’ as well as ‘independent personality’.

Daoism for both religion and philosophy has Lao Zi (Lao Tzu) and Zhuang Zi (Zhang Tzu) as their patriarchal thinkers, with Lao Zi focused more on cosmological ontology and political philosophy while Zhuang Zi on cosmological skepticism and philosophy of life. When Indian Buddhism was first introduced in China, Chinese scholars would rather parallel its dependent origination with Lao Zi’s cosmological Dao while its nirvana with Zhuang Zi’s philosophy of life or mentality of cosmic liberty (xiaoyaoyou). But now when trying to introduce Zhuang Zi as an originative philosopher to western readers, it would be instructively appropriate to refer to Hellenic Pyrrho of Elis and his anecdotal account: Once terrified and threatened by a stormy sea travel, Pyrrho pointed at an eating pig careless of all risks and thus commented: wise man should be undisturbed as this pig! When travelling to India in the wake of Alexander the Great, Pyrrho met naked philosophers there and admired their tranquil, impassive, and non-committal mentality in evidencing the noblest virtue. And his idea of “peace of soul” realized in avoiding any definite judgment made the modern German philosopher Nietzsche believe that Pyrrho was a Hellenic Buddhist. Thus any philosopher who seeks for spiritual tranquility by rejecting all definite conceptions, ideas, and principles is labeled as Pyrrhonist.

Why edge feature is considered far most important for establishing a perceptual contour in human vision system is based on two dependent viewpoints (a) robust ability to define/extract edges from heterogeneous objects or textures and (b) a subsequent step to decide which edges are significant enough to be preserved for object perception, namely the perceptual edges. In this paper, we present a method not only capable of finding perceptual edges but also allowing them to be used for constructing contours with good continuity. The method mainly comprises two stages: (i) a linear mask filter and non-linear filters (median filter and morphology) are applied to obtain fine-and coarse-edge features, respectively. (ii) An algorithm based on Entropy-weighted Bayesian decision making used to determine perceptual edges is carried out. Extensive simulation results are provided to show noise resistance, and the capability of approximating human visual perception is revealed by testing results of gestalt images.

We propose subarea tree routing (STR), a new routing protocol for multihop wireless ad hoc networks. The novelty of the STR protocol is to divide the whole network into many subareas constructed as a result of establishing subarea trees. Its main idea is to identify root nodes by manual configuration or auto-discovery process firstly, then the root nodes originate the process of establishing subarea trees, and finally each node either joins in a subarea tree or become an interconnect node. STR belongs to hierarchical routing protocol and does not attempt to consistently maintain routing information in every node. Furthermore, through the use of tree?s intrinsic routing function, the STR protocol exhibits hybrid behavior of proactive and on-demand routing protocols. Our simulation results show that the proposed scheme achieves lower route discovery delays, lower route discovery load and better performance of normalized routing load in large, mobile, ad hoc networks as compared with AODV.

Single-crystalline germanium nanowires were synthesized via vapor–liquid–solid mechanism. The characteristics of the Ge nanowires were investigated by a transmission electron microscope to identify the [111] growth direction. The Ge nanowire-based field-effect-transistors on Si3N4 dielectrics were fabricated, showing a p-type semiconducting behavior with hole mobility of 47.03 cm2 V−1 s−1. The formation of Cu3Ge/Ge/Cu3Ge nanoheterostructures was demonstrated with the reaction between copper contacts and Ge nanowires by rapid thermal annealing. The diameter-dependent electrical transport property of Ge nanowires indicates that with diameters of more than 80 nm, the resistivity of Ge nanowires decreased with diameter decrease, while with diameters of less than 80 nm, it increased. With multiple annealing processes, the channel length of the Ge nanowire transistors can be successfully controlled. From electrical measurements of each annealing step, the electrical transport property was significantly improved by sequential formation of Cu3Ge contacts. The gradual formation of the germanide structure reduces Fermi level pinning effect and increases the Ohmic behavior of electrical transportation.

Conical double frequency emission is investigated by femtosecond laser pulses at a wavelength of 800 nm in a DKDP crystal. It is demonstrated that the sum frequency of incident wave and its scattering wave accounts for the conical double frequency emission. The gaps on the conical rings are observed and they are very sensitive to the propagation direction, and thus could be used to detect the small angle deviation of surface direction.

A cell line derived from a well-differentiated human transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder, designated TSGH-8301, was established in vitro. The cultured epithelioid cells exhibited monolayer growth and loss of contact inhibition. The tumorigenicity of TSGH-8301 had been shown by growth in soft agar and tumor induction in athymic nude mice. A reverse ratio of lactate dehydrogenase (LHD) isoenzyme in the cell line and nude mouse-grown tumors was seen predominantly with LDH-V. Chromosomal analysis revealed a heterodiploid stem line with a modal number of 50. Sera of urinary bladder cancer patients reacted with membrane antigens of the TSGH-8301 cells, suggesting the existence of tumor-associated antigens in the cells. In vitro chemosensitivity tests of these cells may provide data valuable in the selection of proper anticancer drugs for the TSGH-8301 donor patient.