Search

Odor emissions from intensive livestock farms have attracted increased attention due to their adverse impacts on the environment and human health. Nevertheless, a systematic summary regarding the characteristics, sampling detection, and control technology for odor emissions from livestock farms is currently lacking. This paper compares the development of odor standards in different countries and summarizes the odor emission characteristics of livestock farms. Ammonia, the most common odor substance, can reach as high as 4100 ppm in the compost area. Sampling methods for point and area source odor emissions are introduced in this paper, and odor analysis methods are compared. Olfactometers, odorometers, and the triangle odor bag method are usually used to measure odor concentration. Odor control technologies are divided into three categories: physical (activated carbon adsorption, masking, and dilution diffusion), chemical (plant extract spraying, wet scrubbing, combustion, non-thermal plasma, and photocatalytic oxidation), and biological (biofiltration, biotrickling, and bioscrubbing). Each technology is elucidated, and the performance in the removal of different pollutants is summarized. The application scopes, costs, operational stability, and secondary pollution of the technologies are compared. The generation of secondary pollution and long-term operation stability are issues that should be considered in future technological development. Lastly, a case analysis for engineering application is conducted.

The antimalarial drug, chloroquine (CQ), has been reported as an autophagy inhibitor in a variety of disorders, including Alzheimer's disease and brain ischemia. To the best of our knowledge, no studies to date have examined the potential for CQ to provide neuroprotection in animal models of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The aim of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective actions of CQ in TBI and to determine the mechanisms underlying this effect. Rats were immediately subjected to a diffuse cortical impact injury caused by a modified weight-drop device and divided randomly into three groups: sham-operated, CQ treatment and vehicle. The CQ treatment group was administered CQ (intraperitoneally, 3 mg/kg body weight) immediately following the induction of injury. The co-localization of neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), was followed by immunofluorescent staining. The expression of LC3 and inflammatory cytokines was identified by western blot analysis. Wet-dry weight method was utilized to evaluate TBI-induced brain edema. Motor function was evaluated using the Neurological Severity Score (NSS) scale and the Morris water maze was employed to assess spatial learning ability. This study demonstrated that the administration of CQ attenuates TBI-induced cerebral edema, and the associated motor and cognitive functional deficits that occur post-injury. Following the induction of cerebral trauma, CQ treatment significantly suppressed neuronal autophagy and reduced expression levels of the inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), in the rat hippocampus. Our results have provided in vivo evidence that CQ may exert neuroprotective effects following TBI, in attenuating brain edema and improving neurological functioning, by reducing the damaging consequences of neuronal autophagy and cerebral inflammation.

With the rapid development of China's economy and society, the power supply quality and reliability have become increasingly demanding for power user. Distribution automation becomes a power system to be implemented one of the goals based on the gradual promotion of information technology in promoting economic construction. This paper studies the distribution network communication method to determine the communication system hierarchy. Distribution communications network will cover the entire distribution automation master, terminals and related services, enabling the communication network can effectively meet the distribution automation system needs.

The national green building evaluation is divided into two phases of design and operation label. Because of involving many units, complicated operation and long construction, it is difficult to achieve the whole process identification of green building.It refines the assessment process of green building into conceptual design, predesign, construction drawing stage, green construction, completion and acceptance of construction, operation and maintenance respectively.Furthermore, the detail requirements and implementary strategies are expatiated in the article, combined with related theory and engineering design. Additional, it analyzed on green strategies of evaluation based on an actual engineering to provide a reference for green building assessment.

In the paper, the planar parasitic coupling multi-resonator configuration yielding broad BW (Bandwidth) for wireless communication system is presented. The proposed antenna, a rectangular driven element and the same two semicircular parasitic elements with a pair of arc-shaped slots, fed by a coaxial probe, is etched on a thin circular dielectric substrate Teflon. In order to enhance bandwidth of micro-strip antenna, multi-resonator technique is employed. In this case, we introduce two identical semicircular parasitic elements which are placed at the same distance from the two non-radiating edges of the rectangular driven element. Besides, cutting the same two arc-shaped slots in the two parasitic elements will be conducive to excite adjacent modes of the fundamental resonant mode for the proposed antenna. Results show that more modes close to the fundamental resonant mode will appear. For the proposed antenna, impedance bandwidth over 10% of the Operating frequency is obtained. Compared to conventional antennas, the antenna has better performance in the requirement of bandwidth and is simple in configuration. Moreover, the peak gain and 3-dB beam-width of the proposed antenna are approximately 6.5dBi and 90°, respectively.

This letter proposes a UWB signaling localization scheme for indoor multipath channel. It demonstrates that the proposed method does not require LOS path (LP) and is suitable for severe non line-of-sight (NLOS) condition. A low-complexity TOA estimation algorithm, the strongest path (SP) detection by convolution, is designed, which is easier to implement than the LP detection since it dispenses with the process of threshold setting. Experiments under NLOS channels in IEEE.802.15.4a are conducted and the localization influences due to the algorithm parameters are discussed. The results prove the feasibility of the proposed localization scheme under the indoor multipath NLOS environment.

China aviation project has little sample and the traditional method can not estimate the project cost accurately. This paper proposes a method estimating aviation project cost based on gray systematic theory. We divide aviation product into systems or parts and regard them as cost estimation unit. The gray forecasting model GM (1, 1) was set up based on historical cost data of cost estimation unit. If the model’s precision doesn’t meet with the requirement of aviation project cost estimation, the revision model GM (1, 1) must be set up to raise the estimation precision The experimental results show the method can get the more high-accuracy estimation value using the little sample and is suitable for the cost estimation of the our country aviation project.

In military academies, “task-oriented” teaching way should be put into use to make teaching goals well achieved. In this paper, from discussing the connotation of “task-oriented” teaching way as the starting point, the current implement of this kind teaching method in military academies is fully analyzed and some existing problems are pointed out. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures as well as the key points requiring attention are also suggested.

The P2X7 inhibitor, brilliant blue G (BBG), has been reported as a neuroprotective drug against a variety of disorders, including neuropathic pain and brain ischemia. Currently, no studies have examined the potential for BBG to provide neuroprotection in animal models of TBI. The aim of the present study was to investigate the neuroprotective effect of BBG on TBI and to determine the underlying mechanisms. The rats were subjected to a diffuse cortical impact injury caused by a modified weight-drop device, and then divided randomly into three groups: the sham-operated, BBG treatment and vehicle groups. In the BBG treatment group, 50 mg/kg brilliant blue G (BBG; 100% pure), a highly specific and clinically useful P2X7 antagonist, was administered via the tail vein 15 min prior to or up to 8 h following TBI. The co-localization of NeuN and protein kinase Cγ (PKCγ) was followed with immunofluorescent staining. The expression of P2X7, PKCγ and inflammatory cytokines was identified by western blot analysis. Wet-dry weight method was used to evaluate brain edema, and motor function outcome was examined using the neurological severity score. The present study demonstrated that the administration of BBG attenuated TBI-induced cerebral edema and the associated motor deficits. Following trauma, BBG treatment significantly reduced the levels of PKCγ and interleukin-1β in the cortex. The results provide in vivo evidence that BBG exerted neuroprotective effects by attenuating brain edema and improving neurological functions via reducing PKCγ and interleukin-1β levels following TBI.

This paper introduces a XCP framework based reliable multicast transport protocol XRMCCP (XCP framework based Reliable Multicast Congestion controlled protocol) that has been designed to be simple, scalable and reliable for high bandwidth-delay product (BDP) networks. We observe that TCP Friendly Throughput Equation (TFTE), which many current multicast transport protocols use to estimate available rates of multicast sessions, has limits of performance in high BDP networks. XRMCCP generalizes XCP framework to support one-to-many transport congestion control. The scalability issue is addressed with an exponential timers scheme that is also used to estimate the number of receivers involved in the communication. The paper presents a number of simulation results on its performance. Besides, some design choices are evaluated.