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Introduction This analysis explored laboratory mineral and bone disorder parameters and management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients undergoing hemodialysis in Belgium, Canada, China, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Spain, Sweden, the UK, and the USA. Methods Analyses used demographic, medication, and laboratory data collected in the prospective Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (2012–2015). The analysis included 20,612 patients in 543 facilities. Descriptive data are presented as regional mean (standard deviation), median (interquartile range), or prevalence, weighted for facility sampling fraction. No testing of statistical hypotheses was conducted. Results The frequency of serum intact parathyroid hormone levels > 600 pg/mL was lowest in Japan (1%) and highest in Russia (30%) and Saudi Arabia (27%). The frequency of serum phosphorus levels > 7.0 mg/dL was lowest in France (4%), the UK (6%), and Spain (6%), and highest in China (27%). The frequency of serum calcium levels > 10.0 mg/dL was highest in the UK (14%) and China (13%) versus 2% to 9% elsewhere. Dialysate calcium concentrations of 2.5 mEq/mL were common in the USA (78%) and Canada (71%); concentrations of 3.0–3.5 mEq/L were almost universal at facilities in Italy, France, and Saudi Arabia (each ≥ 99%). Conclusions Wide international variation in mineral and bone disorder laboratory parameters and management practices related to secondary hyperparathyroidism suggests opportunities for optimizing care.

Catatonia is a psychomotor syndrome defined by a constellation of predominantly motor symptoms. The aim of the present study was to determine whether recently admitted psychiatric patients with catatonia exhibited higher serum C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels compared to non-catatonic psychiatric patients and healthy controls (HCs). Recently admitted psychiatric patients were screened and evaluated for the catatonia syndrome using the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). The study sample was formed by 150 individuals (39 male and 111 female), including 51 catatonic patients, 55 non-catatonic patients, and 44 HCs. Serum hs-CRP levels were processed with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), immunoglobulin G (IgG), complement component 3 (C3), and complement component 4 (C4) were also determined. There was a significantly higher percentage of patients with high inflammatory levels (hs-CRP > 3000ng/ml) in the catatonic (43.1%) than in the non-catatonic (14.5%) or HCs group (9.1%) (χ 2 =18.9, P < .001). Logistic regression showed that catatonic patients had significantly higher hs-CRP levels compared to non-catatonic patients even after controlling for other clinical and laboratory variables (OR = 3.52, P = .015, 95% CI 1.28–9.79). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that log-transformed hs-CRP was independently predicted by body mass index and log-transformed C4, ACTH, and Cortisol in catatonic patients. Findings of the present study suggest that catatonia is specifically linked to a higher level of systemic inflammation, not merely attributable to the overall psychopathology, or alterations in the stress level and complement system.

Background/aims:\ud \ud To examine how measuring adherence at 3 weeks by self-report and pill counts compares to measurements at 7 weeks in a pre-randomization run-in period.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud Study within a trial of an international parallel group randomized controlled trial (RCT) that compares spironolactone to placebo. Adults receiving dialysis enter an 8-week active run-in period with spironolactone. Adherence was assessed by both self-report and pill counts in a subgroup of participants at both 3 weeks and 7 weeks.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud 332 participants entered the run-in period of which 166 had complete data. By self-report, 146/166 (94.0%) and 153/166 (92.2%) had at least 80% adherence at 3 and 7 weeks respectively (kappa = 0.27 (95% C.I. 0.16 to 0.38). By pill counts, the mean (SD) adherence was 96.5% (16.1%) and 92.4% (18.2%) at 3 and 7 weeks respectively (r = 0.32) with a mean (SD) difference of 3.1% (17.8%) and a 95% limit of agreement from −31.7% to +37.9%. The proportion of adherent participants by self-report and pill counts at 3 weeks agreed in 87.4% of participants (McNemar's p-value 0.58, kappa 0.11, p = 0.02) and at 7 weeks agreed in 92.2% (McNemar's p-value 0.82, kappa 0.47, p

Background Dialysate sodium (DNa) prescription policy differs between haemodialysis (HD) units, and the optimal DNa remains uncertain. We sought to summarize the evidence on the agreement between prescribed and delivered DNa, and whether the relationship varied according to prescribed DNa. Methods We searched MEDLINE and PubMed from inception to 26 February 2020 for studies reporting measured and prescribed DNa. We analysed results reported in aggregate with random-effects meta-analysis. We analysed results reported by individual sample, using mixed-effects Bland–Altman analysis and linear regression. Pre-specified subgroup analyses included method of sodium measurement, dialysis machine manufacturer and proportioning method. Results Seven studies, representing 908 dialysate samples from 10 HD facilities (range 16–133 samples), were identified. All but one were single-centre studies. Studies were of low to moderate quality. Overall, there was no statistically significant difference between measured and prescribed DNa {mean difference = 0.73 mmol/L [95% confidence interval (CI) −1.12 to 2.58; P = 0.44]} but variability across studies was substantial (I2 = 99.3%). Among individually reported samples (n = 295), measured DNa was higher than prescribed DNa by 1.96 mmol/L (95% CI 0.23–3.69) and the 95% limits of agreement ranged from −3.97 to 7.88 mmol/L. Regression analysis confirmed a strong relationship between prescribed and measured DNa, with a slope close to 1:1 (β = 1.16, 95% CI 1.06–1.27; P Conclusions A limited number of studies suggest that, on average, prescribed and measured DNa are similar. However, between- and within-study differences were large. Further consideration of the precision of delivered DNa is required to inform rational prescribing.

Introduction: In China, a quarter of patients are undergoing 2-times weekly hemodialysis. Using data from the China Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS), we tested the hypothesis that whereas survival and hospitalizations would be similar in the presence of residual kidney function (RKF), patients without RKF would fare worse on 2-times weekly hemodialysis. Methods: In our cohort derived from 15 units randomly selected from each of 3 major cities (total N = 45), we generated a propensity score for the probability of dialysis frequency assignment, estimated a survival function by propensity score quintiles, and averaged stratum-specific survival functions to generate mean survival time. We used the proportional rates model to assess hospitalizations. We stratified all analyses by RKF, as reported by patients (urine output

Background Hybrid rice breeding facilitates to increase grain yield and yield stability. Long-term success of hybrid breeding depends on the recognition of high-yielding complementary heterotic patterns, which is lacking in crops like rice. Result The main goal of this study was to evaluate the potential and limits to use genomics for establishing heterotic patterns in rice. For this purpose, data of a commercial hybrid rice breeding program targeted to India was analyzed, including 1,960 phenotyped hybrids from three market segments and 262 genotyped parental lines. Our cross-validation study revealed that grain yield of all potential single-crosses can be accurately predicted. Based on the full matrix of hybrid performances, high-yielding heterotic patterns were identified. These heterotic patterns increased grain yield up to 9% compared to the currently employed groups. Heterotic groups of around 14 individuals reflect a good compromise between long-term and short-term selection response. Conclusions Our findings clearly underlined the benefits of a genome-based establishment of heterotic patterns in rice as a requirement for a sustainable long-term success of hybrid rice breeding. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12284-017-0163-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

We show a manipulation of a single electron at room temperature by controlling Random Telegraph Signals (RTSs) by voltage pulses. Our silicon nanowire triple-gate transistor exhibited RTSs when potential barriers were electrically created by two of the three gates. From the statistics of the signals, we optimized the voltage pulse such that a single electron was intentionally captured in the potential well, and the retention time of approximately 10 ms was observed in this memory operation. This study indicates that a single electron effect can be controllable in a form of RTSs at room temperature by electrically defining a potential well.

With the rapid development of technology and fierce competition in the market, people put forward higher demands for the efficiency of the workshop. The paper proposes an approach for dynamic automated guided vehicles (AGVs) scheduling based on hormone regulation mechanism. In this paper, a dynamic AGVs scheduling problem, where machines and AGVs run with specified speed, is put forward. And the biological intelligent approach (BIA), inspired by hormone regulation mechanism in endocrine system, is developed to solve the dynamic AGVs scheduling problem. In terms of practical application, the BIA are tested on 12 instances and the results illustrate the BIA can improve the work efficiency of shop floor and reduce the makespan.

Germanium (Ge) is capturing researchers' interest as a possible optical gain medium implementable on complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips. Band-gap engineering techniques, relying mainly on tensile strain, are required to overcome the indirect band-gap nature of bulk Ge and promote electron injection into the direct-gap valley. We used Ge on silicon on insulator (Ge-on-SOI) wafers with a high-crystalline-quality Ge layer to fabricate Ge micro-gears on silicon (Si) pillars. Micro-gears are created by etching a periodic grating-like pattern on the circumference of a conventional micro-disk, resulting in a gear shape. Thermal built-in stresses within the SiO2 layers that encapsulate the micro-gears were used to impose tensile strain on Ge. Biaxial tensile strain values ranging from 0.3-0.5% are estimated based on Raman spectroscopy measurements and finite-element method (FEM) simulations. Multiple sharp-peak resonances within the Ge direct-gap were detected at room temperature by photo-luminescence (PL) measurements. By investigating the micro-gears spectrum using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations, we identified vertically emitted optical modes with non-zero orbital angular momentum (OAM). To our best knowledge, this is the first demonstration of OAM generation within a Ge light source.

The need for hardware random number generators (HRNGs) that can be integrated in a silicon (Si) complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) platform has become increasingly important in the era of the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Si MOSFETs exhibiting random telegraph signals (RTSs) have been considered as such a candidate for HRNG, though its application has been hindered by RTS's variability and uncontrollable, unpredictable characteristics. In this paper, we report the generation and randomness evaluation of random numbers from RTSs in a Si single electron pump (SEP) device at room temperature. SEP devices are known to consistently produce RTSs due to a quantum dot electrically defined by multi-layer polycrystalline Si gates. Using RTSs observed in our devices, random numbers were extracted by a classifier supported by supervised learning, where part of data was used to train the classifier before it is applied to the rest to generate random numbers. The random numbers generated from RTSs were used as inputs for the Monte Carlo method to calculate the values of π, and the distribution was compared against the result obtained from the Mersenne Twister, a representative pseudo-random number generator (PRNG), under the same condition. π was estimated more than 80 000 times, and the distribution of the estimated values has a central value of 3.14 with a variance of 0.273, which is only twice as large as the result from PRNG. Our result paves a way to fully electronic CMOS compatible HRNGs that can be integrated in a modern system-on-a-chip in IoT devices.

From the perspective of statics, the deformation of welded beam under the action of gravity and cutting force was studied in the paper. During the actual machining process, vibration of welded beam and even the machine can be caused due to the change of cutting condition and interference from the outside. To avoid the natural frequency, and prevent the occurrence of resonance phenomena, welded beam modal was further analyzed; the first six natural frequencies and mode shapes of the beam were achieved. Statics and modal analysis are the basis of lightweight design of the welded beam based on topology optimization. The topology optimization model of maximum stiffness design and eigenvalue problem structural dynamics was established. Finite element model of beam and its components was established in hypermesh, and the optimization objective function, constraint function and boundary conditions were also set. Compared with the structure before optimization, the weight of the beam was reduced 10%, the lightweight design of the welded beam was achieved and the comprehensive performance of the beam was significantly improved.

This study used a high-speed camera to observe the interaction of laser beam and powder stream in directed energy deposition (DED), by which an effective method for characterizing the temperature evolution law of the incident particles is developed based on the image gray analysis. Combined with the mathematical analysis, the heating behavior of laser beam on the powder particles was investigated. It shows that by decreasing the speed and size of powder particles or increasing the laser power, the incident particle temperature reaching the deposition surface can be sufficiently increased. With the decrease of the particle speed from 9.3 m s−1 to 3.9 m s−1, the particle temperature at theoretical deposition surface is increased by 144%. In particular, the increase of the powder incident angle can significantly increase the incident temperature of powder particles. The temperature of the 65° incident particle is increased by 54.4% relative to that of the 50° incident particle. Due to the effects of the laser energy distribution along the moving trajectories, the powder particles that cross the centre axis of the laser beam and fall near the edge of the laser spot on theoretical deposition surface have the highest incident temperature. Single-pass deposition experiments show that the enhancing interaction effect between laser beam and powder stream can effectively improve deposition quality and save energy. 20% and 30% laser power were saved to obtain good deposition quality by increasing powder stream incident angle and decreasing the particle speed, respectively.

While the importance of atomic-scale features in silicon-based device for quantum application has been recognized and even the placement of a single atom is now feasible, the role of a dopant in the substrate has not attracted much attention in the context of quantum technology. In this paper, we report random telegraph signals (RTSs) originated from trapping and detrapping of an electron by a donor in the substrate of a p-type metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect-transistor. RTSs, not seen when the substrate was grounded, were observed when a positive bias was applied to the substrate. The comprehensive study on the signals observed reveals that the nature of the RTSs is discrete threshold voltage variations due to the change in the depletion layer width depending on the charge state of a single dopant, neutral or positively charged.

This study is to investigate the effect of the full-time nursing staff accompanying to elderly parturients combined with percutaneous electrical stimulation. In our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017, 95 elderly primiparas were randomly divided into control group (48 cases) and nursing group (47 cases). The control group was given perinatal routine care, the observation group was given full-time nursing staff accompanying combined percutaneous electrical stimulation. The delivery pain score, labor process, postpartum bleeding volume, postpartum urinary retention and neonatal Apgar score were compared between the two groups. When the mother's cervical opening is 3cm, the VAS score of nursing group patients was 8.34±1.28, but the VAS score in control group was 5.16±1.87. However, when the mother's cervical is fully opened, The VAS between the two groups is not statistically different. As can be seen from Table 3, in the nursing group of the whole-process companion nursing combined with the percutaneous electrical stimulation treatment, the time of the labor process is two hours lower than the control group. Postpartum bleeding in nursing group was 159.25±40.23 ml, but postpartum bleeding in nursing group was 210.22±40.46 ml. Therefore, the postpartum hemorrhage in nursing group is obviously reduced. In the nursing group, the number of patients with postpartum urine storage was 2, but in the control group, it rose to 11. These results including the time of labor process, postpartum bleeding and the cases of postpartum retention of urine were statistically different between two groups (P 0.05). The whole course accompanying nursing combined with percutaneous electrical stimulation therapy is used in the natural delivery of elderly parturients to reduce the pain of delivery, shorten the labor process, improve the postpartum hemorrhage and reduce the incidence of postpartum urinary retention. But it had no obvious effect on neonatal Apgar score. In conclusion, the full-time nursing staff accompanying with percutaneous electrical stimulation therapy is safe and reliable.

We propose a new design for a low VΠL accumulation optical modulator using 3-Dimensional (3D) Fin-waveguides on double Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI). We have introduced and demonstrated a novel, self-aligned patterning process to pattern the bottom SOI layer using anisotropic wet etching.

Background: The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of highly conserved, metal-dependent proteolytic enzymes that play an important role in tumor invasion and metastasis. Many studies have been carried out on the association between polymorphisms in the MMP1, MMP2, MMP3, MMP7, and MMP9 genes and urinary cancer risk. However, the data from these published studies are conflicting and have low statistical power. Methods: In this study, we performed a meta-analysis of 12 different publications from the PubMed and WanFang databases, published up to May 2015, to better assess the purported associations. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined to reveal association strengths. Results: Some significant associations were found. For the MMP1 -1607 1G/2G polymorphism, a negative association was identified for the 2G allele in bladder cancer (2G2G+2G1G vs. 1G1G: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.36–0.93, pheterogeneity = 0.001) and renal cell carcinoma (2G1G vs. 1G1G: OR = 0.57, 95% CI = 0.39–0.82, pheterogeneity = 0.567). For the MMP2 -1306 C/T polymorphism, there was a negative association with the T allele for bladder cancer in the Asian population (TT+TC vs. CC: OR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.18–0.94, pheterogeneity = 0.195). For the MMP7 -181 A/G polymorphism, a decreased bladder cancer risk was found (G-allele vs. A-allele: OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.66–0.98, pheterogeneity = 0.325). Conclusion: In summary, our study showed evidence that genetic polymorphisms in MMP1 for all populations, but only in the Asian population for MMP2 and MMP7, may protect against bladder cancer risk. Future studies with larger sample sizes are warranted to further evaluate these associations in more detail.

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a life-threatening disease that is characterized by elevated pulmonary blood pressure, abnormally thickened pulmonary arteries, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Monocrotaline (MCT) has been used to generate an experimental model of PH in rats, with PH initiated from injuries of lung vascular endothelium. Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba is a widely used traditional herb in China, known to exert protective effects on vascular endothelial cell injury in animal experiments. However, the role of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba in PH remains unclear. Thus, we investigated the effects of the aqueous extract of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba (AESM) on MCT-induced PH and explored the pertinent mechanism. PH was induced in rats by a single subcutaneous injection of MCT (60 mg/kg body weight). Low or high dose (4.6 g/kg or 14 g/kg body weight) of AESM was then administered orally for 21 days to PH rats. Hemodynamic study showed that AESM reduced mean pulmonary artery pressure and improved right ventricle function. Lung pathological analysis revealed that AESM reduced wall thickness and lumen stenosis of pulmonary vessels. Also AESM ameliorated right ventricular hypertrophy. Measurement of biochemical parameters indicated that AESM decreased endothelin-1 and thromboxane A2 in plasma and increased nitrogen monoxide and prostacyclin in the plasma and reduced the increase of transforming growth factor β1 in lung tissue. Our results suggest that AESM may ameliorate the progression of MCT-induced PH in rats, at least in part by its protective effect on endothelial injury. Therefore, Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge.f.alba could be useful in the treatment of PH.

In near space optical communication, the laser beam energy affects communication link distance directly, also laser beam quality affects the laser energy density, modulation efficiency, bit error rate (BER) of communication and other parameters. In this paper we have presented an experiment system of space optical communication, of which the transmitting power is 1w, modulation rate is 500 Mbps and link distance is 8 to 10 kilometers. Then the effects of optical fiber collimator, electro-optic modulator, optical antenna and other units on beam power loss, beam diameter, divergence angle and other parameters are analyzed. Last we put forward the way of increasing the laser transmitting distance and the optimization measure of system key unit.

We have found a systematic way to identify the bias conditions to observe the Random-Telegraph-Noise (RTN) in advanced Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect-Transistors (MOSFETs). We measured a p-type MOSFET at 2K, and found narrow bias conditions to observe the RTN presumably caused by charge trapping and de-trapping, which were only observed at low temperatures. It will pave the way to address the nature of a trap, which will be useful to understand the mechanism of RTN to secure the reliability.

Bi-axially strained Germanium (Ge) is an ideal material for Silicon (Si) compatible light sources, offering exciting applications in optical interconnect technology. By employing a novel suspended architecture with an optimum design on the curvature, we applied a biaxial tensile strain as large as 0.85% to the central region of the membrane.

We have fabricated ultra-narrow (sub-10 nm) short channel (100 nm) silicon (Si) nanowire transistors with atomically flat interfaces based on Si-on-Insulator (SOI) substrates. The raised source and drain electrodes were patterned together with the gate electrode. The smaller threshold voltage in the narrower nanowire suggests self-limiting oxidation during the gate oxide formation.

Summary The prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China is reported to be 10.8%, and is predicted to increase in the next decades, especially among rural regions and certain geographic regions. Several nationwide dialysis registries from different sources documented an escalating prevalence of dialysis patients, from 33.2 per million population in 1999 to 237.3 per million population in 2012, with approximately 90% of patients receiving hemodialysis. The improved affordability and accessibility of dialysis treatment would further drive the increasing trend of dialysis patients in China. The annual mortality rate of dialysis patients in Beijing was approximately 7.0%–9.2%, which has a trend to increase, while there is no detailed national data. The surging prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, as well as the environmental and behavioral changes, all might have profound impact on the spectrum of chronic kidney disease in China.

The energy saving and environmental protection design of agricultural machinery is a new design concept. Based on the analysis of meaning and significance of agricultural machinery energy saving and environmental protection design, Elaborated the trends of energy saving and environmental protection of agriculture machinery. The paper also pointed out that the green design is the inevitable trend of the development of agricultural machinery.

This paper expounds the principle of lead-acid battery intelligent charging system, design the main circuit of the intelligent charging system, the positive and negative pulse charging circuit, control circuit and software design of intelligent charging system. Experimental results show that the system USES intelligent charging method can effectively improve the charging efficiency of battery and prolong the service life of the battery, can be widely used in lead-acid battery charging system, which has a broad prospect of industrialization and social benefits.

This paper introduces the working principle of ADN2841 and analyzes the main features and the typical application circuit of ADN2841. The laser communication transmission modulation circuit design for the 14 foot butterfly package directly modulated lasers is proposed, and according to the realization and debugging, we summarize the ADN2841 application experience and pay attention to the problem.

Compared with continuous laser, pulsed fiber laser has the advantages of high peak power, which is widely used in device processing, military defense and other areas. As the repetition frequency of pulsed fiber laser is low and therefore it cannot realize high rate transmission, this paper does the research on L-PPM modulation of pulsed fiber laser to find a method of effectively improving the modulation rate of pulsed fiber laser. Experimental results show that the L-PPM modulation can improve the transmission rate of the pulsed fiber laser whose repetition frequency is 200K to 1.387Mbps. The research results are useful for the application of pulsed fiber laser in communication.

This paper finds the current Chinese regulatory regime for the excess reserves of non-financial payment institutions is similar to the AB treatment. The supervisory bank A has primary responsibilities for the work, and bank B has secondary responsibilities. This study assumes that supervisory banks can access different types of private information with different probabilities and build a three-tier hierarchy—central bank, supervisory banks, payment institutions—in a game-theoretical model. The results show that AA treatment (both banks have similar responsibilities) is generally better than AB treatment for the social welfare utility under the former is greater than the latter.

The effects of social influence on product adoption have been documented for new products and first-time adoptions. Few investigated whether social influence plays an important role in upgrade adoption. Unlike first-time adoption, consumers have gained product experience, so their perceived risks and uncertainty were less than in first-time adoption. To study the roles that social influence plays in first-time versus upgrade adoption, we implemented two experiments. Study 1 involved a lab experiment on whether social influence works in upgrade adoption. Study 2 implemented a field study to identify the effects of peer adoption of virtual goods, with 897,765 participants: 28,730 first-time adopters and 15,056 upgraders. The results offer four findings. First, the results show that social influence affected consumer upgrade decisions. Second, there were different effects of social influence in upgrade adoption: informative influence decays and normative influence rises from first-time to upgrade adoption. Third, the influential adopters (and upgraders) vary across the stages. Well-connected adopters exerted stronger influence than less-connected ones in first-time adoption, and upgraders with higher homophily relative to non-upgraders exerted influence in upgrade adoption. Fourth, the susceptibility to influence of non-adopters (non-upgraders) also varied in the different stages. Less-connected non-adopters were more susceptible in their first-time adoption, while non-upgraders with higher reciprocity were more susceptible in their upgrade decision. These results extend our understanding of social influence, especially in different adoption contexts. This research also can help marketers identify influential adopters to facilitate online marketing campaigns.

Objective: TO investigate the effect of perinatal maternal health knowledge explaining combined full-time nursing staff accompanying on maternal labor and pregnancy. Methods In our hospital from January 2016 to October 2018, 173 primiparas were randomly divided into control group (87 cases) and nursing group (86 cases). The control group was given perinatal routine care, the observation group was given perinatal maternal health knowledge explaining combined full-time nursing staff accompanying. The maternal psychological state, labor, pregnancy outcome and neonatal Apgar score were compared between the two groups. Results: Before the intervention, the scores of SAS (51.37±5.73) and SDS (63.32±6.17) in the nursing group were not significantly different from those in the control group (SAS 51.74±5.82 and SDS 63.47±6.21) (P>0.05). After the intervention, the SAS (37.51±3.51 points) and SDS (44.58±4.23 points) scores in the observation group were significantly lower than those control group (43.36±4.95 points, 52.46±4.51 points) (P 0.05). However, the second (25.2±4.3min) and third (8.3±2.1min) labor time of nursing group was significantly less than those of the control group (46.8±6.7min, 11.4±2.6min) ((P < 0.05). And, the pregnancy outcomes of the nursing group were significantly better than the control group ((P < 0.05). Furthermore, the Apgar score in the nursing group (9.25±1.03) was significantly higher than that in the control group (8.24±1.35) ((P < 0.05). Conclusion: Perinatal maternal health knowledge and combined with full-time nursing staff can help reduce maternal anxiety and depression, shorten labor time, improve maternal pregnancy outcomes, and improve neonatal Apgar score, which is worthy of clinical application.

This thesis designs a new model of thermal control circuit based on the in-depth study on the temperature control of laser, in order to make laser to work under a constant temperature. This circuit uses ADN8831 as the key chip, combines PWM control scheme. It has accomplished the design of input stage, compensative links, output stage, filter circuit, protection and fault detection of hardware circuit. After actual laser experiments, the precision of temperature can be controlled up to 0.01°C. Experiments show that this circuit is of high efficiency, small size, high reliability, and strong driving ability. It will provide constant temperature control for laser device.

The visible light communication (VLC) technology based on the lighting system of space station is put forward. The VLC has advantages of not taking up radio spectrum, no electromagnet interference and radiation, high emission power and good secrecy. This paper mainly studies to improve inter-symbol interference and fading problem caused by multipath effects in VLC system using RAKE receiving technology. The simulation results in this paper indicate that optical receiving technology utilizing RAKE can not only resolve the inter-symbol interference and reduce the bit error rate (BER), but also improve the signal to noise ratio of the system output.

We propose a new low VπL, fully-crystalline, accumulation modulator design based on a thin horizontal gate oxide slot fin waveguide, on bonded double Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI). A combination of anisotropic wet etching and the mirrored crystal alignment of the top and bottom SOI layers allows us for the first time to selectively pattern the bottom layer from above. Simulations presented herein show a VπL = 0.17Vcm. Fin-waveguides and passive Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) devices with fin-waveguide phase shifters have been fabricated, with the fin-waveguides having a transmission loss of 5.8dB/mm and a 13.5nm thick internal gate oxide slot.

For the system security risks of multiple administrators to manage the network teaching platform, role-based access control (RBAC) from the ThinkPHP framework is used to implement the rights management of the network teaching platform. Teachers or administrators access and can only access the related function modules or methods authorized by the super administrator. It facilitates the rights management of the network teaching platform and makes a clear division of works for the multiple administrators and more scientific management of the platform. Practice shows that RBAC-based rights management for the network teaching platform is simple, practical and has a good application value.

This paper proposes a new Average Kullback-Leibler distance to make an optimal feature selection algorithm for the matching score fusion of speaker verification. The advantage of this novel distance is to overcome the shortcoming of the asymmetry of conventional Kullback-Leibler distance, which can ensure the accuracy and robustness of the computation of the information content between matching scores of two acoustic features. From the experimental results by a variety of fusion schemes, it is found that the matching score fusion between MFCC and residual phase gains most information content. It indicates this scheme can yield an excellent performance.

Summary Chronic kidney disease is defined as a reduced glomerular filtration rate, increased urinary albumin excretion, or both, and is an increasing public health issue. Prevalence is estimated to be 8–16% worldwide. Complications include increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, kidney-disease progression, acute kidney injury, cognitive decline, anaemia, mineral and bone disorders, and fractures. Worldwide, diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease, but in some regions other causes, such as herbal and environmental toxins, are more common. The poorest populations are at the highest risk. Screening and intervention can prevent chronic kidney disease, and where management strategies have been implemented the incidence of end-stage kidney disease has been reduced. Awareness of the disorder, however, remains low in many communities and among many physicians. Strategies to reduce burden and costs related to chronic kidney disease need to be included in national programmes for non-communicable diseases.

This paper discusses the composition, structural features, working principle, and technical performance of a kind of motor torque measurement system. This system adopts two kinds of torque measurement methods, dynamic torque measurement method and static torque measurement method, uses microprocessor to collect data including rotational speed of load motor and torque signals of to-be-tested motor, figures out the rotational speed and torque through software algorithm, as well as displays and output them. This system also makes actual measurement of a type of motor. The measurement period is short; the measurement precision is high; and the performance is stable.

Hybrid breeding promises to boost yield and stability. The single most important element in implementing hybrid breeding is the recognition of a high-yielding heterotic pattern. We have developed a three-step strategy for identifying heterotic patterns for hybrid breeding comprising the following elements. First, the full hybrid performance matrix is compiled using genomic prediction. Second, a high-yielding heterotic pattern is searched based on a developed simulated annealing algorithm. Third, the long-term success of the identified heterotic pattern is assessed by estimating the usefulness, selection limit, and representativeness of the heterotic pattern with respect to a defined base population. This three-step approach was successfully implemented and evaluated using a phenotypic and genomic wheat dataset comprising 1,604 hybrids and their 135 parents. Integration of metabolomic-based prediction was not as powerful as genomic prediction. We show that hybrid wheat breeding based on the identified heterotic pattern can boost grain yield through the exploitation of heterosis and enhance recurrent selection gain. Our strategy represents a key step forward in hybrid breeding and is relevant for self-pollinating crops, which are currently shifting from pure-line to high-yielding and resilient hybrid varieties.

A new type of cyclone combustor is designed based on the traditional pulverized coal liquid slag combustor in this paper. According to the characteristics of swirl combustion and flow, numerical simulation of pulverized coal combustion in a new cyclone combustor has carried out using Realizable k-ε equation model with swirl modified to gas phase and stochastic trajectory model under Lagrange coordinate system to particle phase. Flows and combustion characteristics under different working conditions are mainly studied by changing the angles of primary and secondary air inlets, and then structural characteristics of the combustor are analyzed. Results show that structural characteristics of the primary and secondary air have great influence on internal flow and combustion characteristics of the combustor. When the pitch angle, the rotation angle of the secondary air and the expansion angle of the primary air respectively are 20°, 51° and 60°, the combustion efficiency of the combustor can reach up to 98.1% and it is conducive to high-temperature liquid slagging. It is also helpful to prevented pulverized coal depositing and accumulating near the wall and then plugging the combusting channel during the starting stage in low temperature region.

A new design of using FPGA to realize array beacon light switching is preferred. Based on spatial diversity laser communication, the problem of multiplexing beacon light celerity and synchronism switching has been settled. Karnaugh map method was used in the paper to generate the time sequencing driving four motors, which was used in the schematic diagram design. Experiment results show that the system(or the design) in this paper cooperated with multiplexing beacon light has been realized, which simplifys the traditional beacon light switch system frame.

To overcome the limit on the natural resonant frequency and bandwidth of the traditional single-axis servo system, the paper designed a double-axis compound servo system, and established the transfer function of the fast reflector, camera, D/A data acquisition card and velocity servo unit, and further obtained the transfer function and theory model of this servo system. By combining simulation, it analyzed the influence of the dynamic hysteresis error, flat vibration error, centroid detection error, mechanical torque distortion error on the accuracy of the system. It proposes the view that the modern synthesize algorithm can optimize and compensate the parameter of the fast reflector system, by this method designed robust controller can restrain the remaining low frequency distortion and high frequency noise of the system, and further improve the bandwidth and accuracy of the system. The experiment shows that the compound-axis servo system bandwidth is of 2-16Hz and system accuracy of 0.8-4μrad.The experimental results and theory analysis are compatible basically. The design provides a foundation for the study on the servo system in the fields of the space optical communication system, deep space detection, remote sensing and etc

Manipulation of carrier densities at the single electron level is inevitable in modern silicon based transistors to ensure reliable circuit operation with sufficiently low threshold-voltage variations. However, previous methods required statistical analysis to identify devices which exhibit Random Telegraph Signals (RTSs), caused by trapping and de-trapping of a single electron.Here, we show that we can deliberately introduce a RTS in a silicon nanowire transistor, with its probability distribution perfectly controlled by a triple gate.A quantum dot (QD) was electrically defined in a silicon nanowire transistor with the triple gate, and A RTS was observed when two barrier gates were negatively biased to form potential barriers, while the entire nanowire channel was weakly inverted by the top gate.We could successfully derive the energy levels in the QD from the quantum mechanical probability distributions and the average lifetimes of RTSs. This study reveals that we can manipulate individual electron electrically, even at room temperature, and paves the way to use a charged state for quantum technologies in the future.

Purpose. Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress may play an important role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Lycopene, a very potent antioxidant of carotenoids, has received considerable scientific interest in recent years for its potential role in the prevention of oxidative stress-related chronic diseases. This study was undertaken to investigate whether the serum levels of lycopene are altered between type 2 diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Methods. A total of 71 patients with type 2 diabetes were analyzed and compared with 23 nondiabetic healthy controls. Serum lycopene concentrations were assayed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results. Lycopene level was found to be significantly lower in diabetic patients than in controls (p=0.021). In the diabetic group, subjects with proliferative diabetic retinopathy had significantly lower lycopene levels than subjects without diabetic retinopathy or with nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy. In the analysis of correlations, hemoglobin A1c were negatively correlated with lycopene (r=–0.345, p=0.007) after multivariate adjustment. A stepwise linear multiple regression model revealed that age and hemoglobin A1c were significant determinants of lycopene. Conclusions. Our findings show that measuring serum lycopene is a novel convenient method for evaluating oxidative damage. Diabetic patients, especially those with advanced diabetic retinopathy, had significantly lower serum lycopene levels; this suggests that lycopene may be helpful for the diagnosis, severity, and therapeutic evaluation of diabetic retinopathy.

Acute lung injury (ALI), a common component of systemic inflammatory disease, is a life-threatening condition without many effective treatments. Fisetin, a natural flavonoid from fruits and vegetables, was reported to have wide pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities. The aim of this study was to detect the effects of fisetin on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury and investigate the potential mechanism. Fisetin was injected (1, 2, and 4 mg/kg, i.v.) 30 min before LPS administration (5 mg/kg, i.v.). Our results showed that fisetin effectively reduced the inflammatory cytokine release and total protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), decreased the lung wet/dry ratios, and obviously improved the pulmonary histology in LPS-induced ALI. Furthermore, fisetin inhibited LPS-induced increases of neutrophils and macrophage infiltration and attenuated MPO activity in lung tissues. Additionally, fisetin could significantly inhibit the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the activation of NF-κB in lung tissues. Our data indicates that fisetin has a protective effect against LPS-induced ALI via suppression of TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathways, and fisetin may be a promising candidate for LPS-induced ALI treatment.

The Finite Element Method (FEM) has proven to be an effective technique to investigate cutting process so as to improve cutting tool design and select optimum cutting conditions. The present work focuses on the FEM simulation of cutting forces in high speed cutting by using an orthogonal cutting model with variant undeformed chip thickness under plane-strain condition to mimic intermittent cutting process such as milling. High speed cutting of 45%C steel using uncoated carbide tools are simulated as the application of the proposed model. The updated Lagrangian formulation is adopted in the dynamic FEM simulation in which the normalized Cockroft and Latham damage criterion is used as the ductile fracture criterion. The simulation results of cutting force components under different cutting conditions show that both the thrust cutting force and the tangential cutting force increase with the increase in undeformed chip thickness or feed rate, whereas decrease with the increase in cutting speed. Some important aspects of modeling the high speed cutting are discussed as well to expect the future work in FEM simulation.