1. The effects of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide in cardiovascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms, roles and therapeutic potential
- Author
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Junbo Ge, Yang Zhang, Aijun Sun, and Xiaokai Zhang
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,biology ,Redox homeostasis ,business.industry ,Cell Biology ,030204 cardiovascular system & hematology ,Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ,Pharmacology ,Biochemistry ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,030104 developmental biology ,0302 clinical medicine ,chemistry ,Sirtuin ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,NAD+ kinase ,Signal transduction ,business ,Molecular Biology ,Genetics (clinical) - Abstract
Recently, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) were identified as the leading cause of mortality, imposing a heavy burden on health care systems and the social economy. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), as a pivotal co-substrate for a range of different enzymes, is involved in many signal transduction pathways activated in CVDs. Emerging evidence has shown that NAD+ can exert remediating effects on CVDs by regulating metabolism, maintaining redox homeostasis and modulating the immune response. In fact, NAD+ might delay ageing through sirtuin and non-sirtuin pathways and thus contribute to interventions for age-related diseases such as CVDs. Considering that robust clinical studies of NAD+ are ongoing, we discuss current challenges and the future translational potential of NAD+ based on existing studies and our understanding. Despite some remaining gaps in its clinical application, NAD+ has been shown to have broad prospects and pan-effects, making it a suitable prophylactic drug for CVDs.
- Published
- 2022