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1. New onset of loss of smell or taste in household contacts of home-isolated SARS-CoV-2-positive subjects

Author

Boscolo-Rizzo P., Borsetto D., Spinato G., Fabbris C., Menegaldo A., Gaudioso P., Nicolai P., Tirelli G., Da Mosto M. C., Rigoli R., Polesel J., Hopkins C., BOSCOLO RIZZO, PAOLO, Boscolo-Rizzo, P., Borsetto, D., Spinato, G., Fabbris, C., Menegaldo, A., Gaudioso, P., Nicolai, P., Tirelli, G., Da Mosto, M. C., Rigoli, R., Polesel, J., Hopkins, C., and BOSCOLO RIZZO, Paolo

Subjects
Male, Taste, Cross-sectional study, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, Olfaction Disorder, Prevalence, Viral, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, General Medicine, respiratory system, Smell, Taste disorder, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, medicine.symptom, Coronavirus Infections, psychological phenomena and processes, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Short Communication, Anosmia, Coronaviru, Pneumonia, Viral, Olfaction, Dysgeusia, Smell and taste loss, Household contacts, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Family, Pandemics, Cross-Sectional Studie, Betacoronaviru, Pandemic, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Coronavirus Infection, fungi, COVID-19, Pneumonia, Household contact, Coronavirus, Cross-Sectional Studies, Otorhinolaryngology, Contact Tracing, business, Smell and taste lo, Contact tracing
Abstract

Purpose To estimate the prevalence of smell or taste impairment in household contacts of mildly symptomatic home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 positive patients.Methods Cross sectional study based on ad hoc questions.Results Of 214 mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients managed at home under self-isolation, 179 reported to have at least one household contact, with the total number of no study participants contacts being 296. Among 175 household contacts not tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection, 67 (38.3%) had SARS-CoV-2 compatible symptoms, 39 (22.3%) had loss of smell or taste with 7 (4.0%) having loss of smell or taste in the absence of other symptoms. The prevalence of smell or taste impairment was 1.5% in patients tested negative compared to 63.0% of those tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 (pConclusion Smell or taste impairment are quite common in not-tested household contacts of mildly symptomatic home-isolated SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. This should be taken into account when estimating the burden of loss of sense of smell and taste during COVID-19 pandemic, and further highlights the value of loss of sense of smell and taste as a marker of infection.

Published
2020
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2. Surgery of the lateral skull base: A 50-year endeavour

Author

Zanoletti, E., Mazzoni, Alberto, Martini, A., Abbritti, R. V., Albertini, R., Alexandre, E., Baro, V., Bartolini, S., Bernardeschi, D., Bivona, R., Bonali, M., Borghesi, I., Borsetto, D., Bovo, R., Breun, M., Calbucci, F., Carlson, M. L., Caruso, A., Caye-Thomasen, P., Cazzador, D., Champagne, P. -O., Colangeli, R., Conte, G., D'Avella, D., Danesi, G., Deantonio, L., Denaro, L., Berardino, F. D., Draghi, R., Ebner, F. H., Favaretto, N., Ferri, G., Fioravanti, A., Froelich, S., Giannuzzi, A., Girasoli, L., Grossardt, B. R., Guidi, M., Hagen, R., Hanakita, S., Hardy, D. G., Iglesias, V. C., Jefferies, S., Jia, H., Kalamarides, M., Kanaan, I. N., Krengli, M., Landi, A., Lauda, L., Lepera, D., Lieber, S., Lloyd, S. L. K., Lovato, A., Maccarrone, F., Macfarlane, R., Magnan, J., Magnoni, L., Marchioni, D., Marinelli, J. P., Marioni, G., Mastronardi, V., Matthies, C., Moffat, D. A., Munari, S., Nardone, M., Pareschi, R., Pavone, C., Piccirillo, E., Piras, G., Presutti, L., Restivo, G., Reznitsky, M., Roca, E., Russo, A., Sanna, M., Sartori, L., Scheich, M., Shehata-Dieler, W., Soloperto, D., Sorrentino, F., Sterkers, O., Taibah, A., Tatagiba, M., Tealdo, G., Vlad, D., Wu, H., Zanetti, D., Zanoletti E., Mazzoni A., Martini A., Abbritti R.V., Albertini R., Alexandre E., Baro V., Bartolini S., Bernardeschi D., Bivona R., Bonali M., Borghesi I., Borsetto D., Bovo R., Breun M., Calbucci F., Carlson M.L., Caruso A., Caye-Thomasen P., Cazzador D., Champagne P.-O., Colangeli R., Conte G., D'Avella D., Danesi G., Deantonio L., Denaro L., Berardino F.D., Draghi R., Ebner F.H., Favaretto N., Ferri G., Fioravanti A., Froelich S., Giannuzzi A., Girasoli L., Grossardt B.R., Guidi M., Hagen R., Hanakita S., Hardy D.G., Iglesias V.C., Jefferies S., Jia H., Kalamarides M., Kanaan I.N., Krengli M., Landi A., Lauda L., Lepera D., Lieber S., Lloyd S.L.K., Lovato A., Maccarrone F., Macfarlane R., Magnan J., Magnoni L., Marchioni D., Marinelli J.P., Marioni G., Mastronardi V., Matthies C., Moffat D.A., Munari S., Nardone M., Pareschi R., Pavone C., Piccirillo E., Piras G., Presutti L., Restivo G., Reznitsky M., Roca E., Russo A., Sanna M., Sartori L., Scheich M., Shehata-Dieler W., Soloperto D., Sorrentino F., Sterkers O., Taibah A., Tatagiba M., Tealdo G., Vlad D., Wu H., and Zanetti D.

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_treatment, Schwannoma, Neurosurgical Procedures, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Meningeal Neoplasms, Medicine, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Skull Base, Benign tumors of the skull base, Lateral approaches to the skull base, Malignant tumors of the skull base, Neuroma, Acoustic, Middle Aged, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, 3. Good health, Chirurgia della base cranio laterale, General Energy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Approcci laterali alla base del cranio, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Head and neck surgery, Female, Neurosurgery, Meningioma, Research Article, Adult, Chirurgia della base del cranio, medicine.medical_specialty, Tumori benigni della base del cranio, Lateral skull base surgery, Tumori maligni della base del cranio, Skull Base Neoplasms, Skull base surgery, Aged, Endoscopy, Hearing Loss, Humans, Mastoid, Retrospective Studies, Temporal Bone, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, business.industry, General surgery, medicine.disease, Radiation therapy, Skull, Otorhinolaryngology, business, Jugular foramen
Abstract

Chirurgia della base del cranio laterale: 50 anni di impegno.La base del cranio non è anatomicamente divisa in anteriore e laterale, ma è per semplicità che comunemente si intendono i corridoi chirurgici con direzione antero-laterale, laterale pura e postero laterale come “Approcci chirurgici della base del cranio laterale”. Una relazione con titolo “Cinquant’anni di impegno”, di sforzo o di dedizione, vuole essere il riconoscimento a questa chirurgia che nel corso degli anni ha sviluppato interventi sempre più complessi con una morbidità sempre minore. Il principio della chirurgia della base del cranio laterale si fonda sulla possibilità di “fare spazio”, esporre adeguatamente, rimuovere osso per salvaguardare il cervello, insieme alla possibilità di preservare la funzione e adattare l’approccio chirurgico all’istologia della lesione. Il concetto che l’istologia detta l’entità della resezione chirurgica, bilanciando la morbidità intrinseca di ciascun approccio, è oggetto di trattazione nella prima sezione di questa relazione. Nella seconda sezione sono descritti i principali approcci chirurgici, intesi non come descrizione tecnica di ciascun tempo chirurgico, ma dei principi che sono alla base di ciascun approccio. La terza sezione è dedicata alle questioni aperte, quelle ancora irrisolte, inerenti alcuni tumori ed il loro trattamento. L’argomento del neurinoma sporadico dell’ottavo nervo cranico è trattato riportando l'attuale dibattito sulla osservazione, la chirurgia di preservazione dell’udito, la riabilitazione con l’impianto cocleare, la radioterapia e le ricerche recenti su marcatori tumorali predittivi di crescita. Il paraganglioma del forame giugulare è trattato nel contesto della chirurgia radicale, chirurgia parziale, osservazione e radioterapia. La terapia dei meningiomi della base del cranio analizza il punto di vista specifico dell’otochirurgo e del neurochirurgo. Cordomi e condrosarcomi, tumori del sacco endolinfatico, carcinomi dell’orecchio e colesteatoma della rocca sono le altre lesioni affrontate. Infine, nella quarta sezione è proposto un contributo a libera scelta ad autori di riconosciuta esperienza. Lo scopo di questa relazione è stato quello di fornire un aggiornamento della chirurgia della base del cranio laterale dopo 50 anni di duro lavoro e, o forse soprattutto, di permettere alle tante questioni irrisolte, alle domande che ancora non hanno risposta, di trovare espressione, affinchè il dibattito ed il progresso possano continuare con la condivisione di esperienze. Se al termine della lettura vi saranno più domande che risposte, potremo dirci che l’obiettivo di questa relazione è stato raggiunto.Disregarding the widely used division of skull base into anterior and lateral, since the skull base should be conceived as a single anatomic structure, it was to our convenience to group all those approaches that run from the antero-lateral, pure lateral and postero-lateral side of the skull base as “Surgery of the lateral skull base”. “50 years of endeavour” points to the great effort which has been made over the last decades, when more and more difficult surgeries were performed by reducing morbidity. The principle of lateral skull base surgery, “remove skull base bone to approach the base itself and the adjacent sites of the endo-esocranium”, was then combined with function preservation and with tailoring surgery to the pathology. The concept that histology dictates the extent of resection, balancing the intrinsic morbidity of each approach was the object of the first section of the present report. The main surgical approaches were described in the second section and were conceived not as a step-by-step description of technique, but as the highlighthening of the surgical principles. The third section was centered on open issues related to the tumor and its treatment. The topic of vestibular schwannoma was investigated with the current debate on observation, hearing preservation surgery, hearing rehabilitation, radiotherapy and the recent efforts to detect biological markers able to predict tumor growth. Jugular foramen paragangliomas were treated in the frame of radical or partial surgery, radiotherapy, partial “tailored” surgery and observation. Surgery on meningioma was debated from the point of view of the neurosurgeon and of the otologist. Endolymphatic sac tumors and malignant tumors of the external auditory canal were also treated, as well as chordomas, chondrosarcomas and petrous bone cholesteatomas. Finally, the fourth section focused on free-choice topics which were assigned to aknowledged experts. The aim of this work was attempting to report the state of the art of the lateral skull base surgery after 50 years of hard work and, above all, to raise questions on those issues which still need an answer, as to allow progress in knowledge through sharing of various experiences. At the end of the reading, if more doubts remain rather than certainties, the aim of this work will probably be achieved.

Published
2019

3. The importance of early detection of ENT symptoms in mild-to-moderate COVID-19

Author

Piergiorgio Gaudioso, Monica Mantovani, Maria Cristina Da Mosto, Cristoforo Fabbris, Daniele Borsetto, Giulio Costantini, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Francesca Mularoni, Giacomo Spinato, Anna Menegaldo, Ananth Vijendren, Spinato, G., Costantini, G., Fabbris, C., Menegaldo, A., Mularoni, F., Gaudioso, P., Mantovani, M., Borsetto, D., Vijendren, A., Da Mosto, M. C., BOSCOLO RIZZO, Paolo, Spinato, G, Costantini, G, Fabbris, C, Menegaldo, A, Mularoni, F, Gaudioso, P, Mantovani, M, Borsetto, D, Vijendren, A, Da Mosto, M, and Boscolo-Rizzo, P

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, sintomi ORL, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Early detection, ENT symptoms, medicine.disease_cause, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Throat, Internal medicine, 80 and over, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, medicine, diagnosi precoce, Humans, ENT symptom, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Nose, Aged, Coronavirus, Aged, 80 and over, Respiratory tract infections, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, COVID-19, Early diagnosis, Case-Control Studies, Early Diagnosis, Female, Middle Aged, Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Early diagnosi, General Energy, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, Otorhinolaryngologic Disease, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Breathing, Case-Control Studie, business, Human
Abstract

Patients with coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may present with a wide range of symptoms. In this paper, a detailed characterisation of mild-to-moderate ear, nose nd throat (ENT) symptoms is presented with the aim of recognising the disease early to help reduce further spread and progression.A total of 230 cases testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 and 134 negative controls were recruited for a case-control analysis. Symptoms were analysed using the Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Questionnaire, while other symptoms were investigated byAmong the study samples (n = 364), 149 were males and 215 were females with age ranging from 20 to 89 years (mean 52.3). Four main groups of symptoms were obtained: influenza-like symptoms, ENT-symptoms, breathing issues and asthenia-related symptoms, representing 72%, 69%, 64% and 53% of overall referred clinical manifestations, respectively. ENT symptoms, breathing issues and influenza-like symptoms were associated with positivity to SARS-CoV-2, whereas asthenia-related symptoms did not show a significant association with SARS-CoV-2 infection after controlling for other symptoms, comorbidities and demographic characteristics.ENT symptoms are equally represented with influenza-like ones as presenting symptoms of COVID-19. Patients with ENT symptoms should be investigated for early identification and prevention of SARS-CoV-2 spread.Importanza del rilevamento precoce dei sintomi ORL nella COVID-19 lieve-moderata.I pazienti con malattia da Coronavirus-19 (COVID-19) causata dal Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) possono presentare una vasta gamma di sintomi. In questo articolo, è mostrata una caratterizzazione dettagliata dei sintomi nei pazienti con malattia lieve-moderata, al fine di riconoscere precocemente la malattia e ridurne l’ulteriore diffusione.Un totale di 230 pazienti risultati positivi per infezione da SARS-CoV-2 e 134 soggetti risultati invece negativi sono stati reclutati per questa analisi caso-controllo. I sintomi sono stati analizzati utilizzando l’Acute Respiratory Tract Infections Questionnaire, mentre altri, sono stati indagati mediante domande ad hoc.La popolazione oggetto dello studio era composta da 364 soggetti; 149 erano maschi e 215 femmine con età compresa tra 20 e 89 anni (media 52,3). Sono stati identificati quattro gruppi di sintomi: sintomi simil-influenzali, sintomi ORL, problemi respiratori e sintomi astenia-correlati che rappresentavano rispettivamente il 72%, 69%, 64% e 53% delle manifestazioni cliniche. Sintomi ORL, problemi respiratori e sintomi simil-influenzali erano associati a positività a SARS-CoV-2, mentre i sintomi correlati all’astenia non mostravano un’associazione significativa con l’infezione da SARS-CoV-2 dopo il controllo di altri sintomi, co-morbidità, e caratteristiche demografiche.I sintomi ORL sono ugualmente rappresentati rispetto a quelli simil-influenzali nell’esordio della COVID-19. I pazienti con sintomi ORL devono essere studiati per l’identificazione precoce e la prevenzione della diffusione del SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2021

4. Self-reported smell and taste recovery in coronavirus disease 2019 patients: a one-year prospective study

Author

Luigi Angelo Vaira, Chiara Lazzarin, Riccardo Marzolino, Andrea D'Alessandro, Claire Hopkins, Margherita Tofanelli, Alberto Vito Marcuzzo, Giancarlo Tirelli, Jerry Polesel, Vincenzo Capriotti, Enrico Zanelli, Daniele Borsetto, Fiordaliso Cragnolini, Francesco Guida, Nicoletta Gardenal, Paolo Antonucci, Erica Sacchet, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, BOSCOLO RIZZO, Paolo, Guida, F., Polesel, J., Marcuzzo, A. V., Antonucci, P., Capriotti, V., Sacchet, E., Cragnolini, F., D'Alessandro, A., Zanelli, E., Marzolino, R., Lazzarin, C., Tofanelli, M., Gardenal, N., Borsetto, D., Hopkins, C., Vaira, L. A., and Tirelli, G.

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Taste, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Short Communication, Anosmia, Coronaviru, Olfaction, New onset, 03 medical and health sciences, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Prospective cohort study, Outcome, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19, General Medicine, Smell, Coronavirus, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Neurosurgery, Self Report, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to estimate the 1 year prevalence and recovery rate of self-reported chemosensory dysfunction in a series of subjects with previous mild-to-moderate symptomatic COVID-19. Methods: Prospective study based on the SNOT-22, item “sense of smell or taste” and additional outcomes. Results: 268/315 patients (85.1%) completing the survey at baseline also completed the follow-up interview. The 12 months prevalence of self-reported COVID-19 associated chemosensory dysfunction was 21.3% (95% CI 16.5–26.7%). Of the 187 patients who complained of COVID-19 associated chemosensory dysfunction at baseline, 130 (69.5%; 95% CI 62.4–76.0%) reported complete resolution of smell or taste impairment, 41 (21.9%) reported a decrease in the severity, and 16 (8.6%) reported the symptom was unchanged or worse 1 year after onset. The risk of persistence was higher for patients reporting a baseline SNOT-22 score ≥ 4 (OR = 3.32; 95% CI 1.32–8.36) as well as for those requiring ≥ 22 days for a negative swab (OR = 2.18; 95% CI 1.12–4.27). Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients with previous mild-to-moderate symptomatic COVID-19 characterized by new onset of chemosensory dysfunction still complained on altered sense of smell or taste 1 year after the onset.

Published
2022

5. High prevalence of human papillomavirus infection in sinonasal inverted papilloma: a single‐institution cohort of patients

Author

Giuliana Frasson, Daniele Borsetto, Giada Munari, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Enzo Emanuelli, Roberta Salmaso, Giulia Traverso, Alessandro Martini, S. Cesaro, Diego Cazzador, Massimo Rugge, Frasson, G., Cesaro, S., Cazzador, D., Traverso, G., Emanuelli, E., Borsetto, D., Munari, G., Salmaso, R., Martini, A., Boscolo-Rizzo, P., and Rugge, M.

Subjects
Male, Risk, sinonasal benign neoplasm, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, sinonasal benign neoplasms, alpha-HPV, law.invention, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Sinonasal inverted papilloma, Internal medicine, Prevalence, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Human papillomavirus, Single institution, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Papillomaviridae, genotyping, maxillary sinus, sinonasal inverted papilloma, Genotyping, Polymerase chain reaction, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Papilloma, Inverted, High prevalence, business.industry, Papillomavirus Infections, virus diseases, Middle Aged, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, Natural history, 030228 respiratory system, Otorhinolaryngology, DNA, Viral, Cohort, Female, maxillary sinu, business, Paranasal Sinus Neoplasms
Abstract

Background: Both the prevalence of sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) and the causal association with alpha-human papillomaviruses (alpha-HPVs) are controversial. In this study we aimed to determine HPV status in histologically selected, microdissected, formalin-fixed, and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of IP. Methods: HPV status was assessed retrospectively by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-bead‒based multiplex genotyping on tissue samples of patients diagnosed with IP and consecutively treated with endoscopic resection. Forty-one HPV genotypes were considered, distinguishing between high risk and low risk. HPV status was correlated with demographics and clinical variables. Sixty sinonasal IP tissue samples were initially considered. After exclusion of 5 cases due to insufficient quality/quantity of the samples, 55 patients were included for analysis. Results: HPV-DNA sequences were identified in 34 of 55 (61.8%) IPs, with a higher prevalence of high-risk than low-risk HPV genotypes (19 [55.9%] and 15 cases [44.1%], respectively). HPV16 strongly prevailed among the high-risk HPV cases (84.2%), and HPV54 prevailed among the low-risk HPV cases (53.3%). IPs with origin within the maxillary sinus were significantly associated with high-risk HPV (p = 0.019). No significant associations emerged between HPV status and demographics or clinical variables. Conclusion: In a series of 55 IP tissue samples, HPV-DNA sequences were identified in 61.8% of cases, which differs from the data of previous investigations. Further case-control studies are advocated to confirm this prevalence in the Italian population addressed, and also to clarify any pathogenic involvement of HPV in the natural history of IPs.

Published
2020

6. High prevalence of long-term olfactory, gustatory, and chemesthesis dysfunction in post-COVID-19 patients: a matched case-control study with one-year follow-up using a comprehensive psychophysical evaluation

Author

E Cancellieri, Nicoletta Gardenal, Cristoforo Fabbris, Enzo Emanuelli, K Cargnelutti, Luigi Angelo Vaira, Riccardo Marzolino, Daniele Borsetto, M Dibattista, Anna Menini, Enrico Zanelli, Giancarlo Tirelli, Jerry Polesel, Giacomo Spinato, Andrea D'Alessandro, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Claire Hopkins, S Fadda, Thomas Hummel, Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo, Hummel, T, Hopkins, C, Dibattista, M, Menini, Anna, Spinato, G, Fabbris, C, Emanuelli, E, D'Alessandro, A, Marzolino, R, Zanelli, E, Cancellieri, E, Cargnelutti, K, Fadda, S, Borsetto, D, Vaira, L A, Gardenal, N, Polesel, J, and Tirelli, G

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), SARS-Cov-2, Anosmia, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Population, Olfaction, Audiology, Settore BIO/09 - Fisiologia, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemesthesis, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, education, Depression (differential diagnoses), Case-Control Studies, COVID-19, education.field_of_study, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Case-control study, General Medicine, Smell, Exact test, Otorhinolaryngology, chemistry, Case-Control Studie, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract

Background: Using an age and gender matched-pair case-control study, we aimed to estimate the long-term prevalence of psychophysical olfactory, gustatory , and chemesthesis impairment at least one year after SARS-CoV-2 infection considering the background of chemosensory dysfunction in non-COVID-19 population. Methodology: This case-controlled study included 100 patients who were home-isolated for mildly symptomatic COVID-19 between March and April 2020. One control regularly tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection and always tested negative was matched to each case according to gender and age. Chemosensory function was investigated by a comprehensive psychophysical evaluation including ortho- and retronasal olfaction and an extensive assessment of gustatory function. Differences in chemosensory parameters were evaluated through either Fisher’s exact test or Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The psychophysical assessment of chemosensory function took place after a median of 401 days from the first SARS-CoV-2 positive swab. The evaluation of orthonasal smell identified 46% and 10% of cases and controls, respectively, having olfactory dysfunction, with 7% of COVID-19 cases being functionally anosmic. Testing of gustatory function revealed a 27% of cases versus 10% of controls showing a gustatory impairment. Nasal trigeminal sensitivity was significantly lower in cases compared to controls. Persistent chemosensory impairment was associated with emotional distress and depression. Conclusion: More than one year after the onset of COVID-19, cases exhibited an excess of olfactory, gustatory , and chemesthesis disturbances compared to matched-pair controls with these symptoms being associated to emotional distress and depression.

Published
2021

7. Sequelae in adults at 12 months after mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)

Author

Martino F. Pengo, Riccardo Marzolino, Francesco Guida, Andrea D'Alessandro, Nicoletta Gardenal, Daniele Borsetto, Alberto Vito Marcuzzo, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Enrico Zanelli, Vincenzo Capriotti, Chiara Lazzarin, Erica Sacchet, Giancarlo Tirelli, Jerry Polesel, Margherita Tofanelli, Paolo Antonucci, Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Boscolo Rizzo, Paolo., Guida, F., Polesel, Jerry, Marcuzzo, A. V., Capriotti, V., D'Alessandro, A., Zanelli, E., Marzolino, R., Lazzarin, C., Antonucci, P., Sacchet, E., Tofanelli, M., Borsetto, Daniele, Gardenal, Nicoletta, Pengo, Martino, Tirelli, G., Boscolo-Rizzo, P, Guida, F, Polesel, J, Marcuzzo, A, Capriotti, V, D'Alessandro, A, Zanelli, E, Marzolino, R, Lazzarin, C, Antonucci, P, Sacchet, E, Tofanelli, M, Borsetto, D, Gardenal, N, Pengo, M, and Tirelli, G

Subjects
Adult, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), chronic COVID syndrome, COVID-19, long COVID, long haulers, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Virology, long hauler, Otorhinolaryngology, Disease Progression, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Humans, business
Abstract

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause a wide array of symptoms ranging from mild to severe or fatal forms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Furthermore, it has been observed that in a proportion of patients a variable range of symptoms may persist for a long time. An increasing number of studies have been focused on long COVID, but they have mainly been concentrated on previously hospitalized severe COVID-19 patients reporting symptoms up to 6-months after illness. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-related symptoms 12-months after the onset of mild-to-moderate disease.

Published
2021

8. Understanding COVID-19–Related Olfactory Dysfunction—Reply

Author

Claire Hopkins, Daniele Borsetto, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo., Borsetto, D., and Hopkins, C.

Subjects
2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, Smell, Taste Disorders, COVID-19, Olfaction Disorders, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), MEDLINE, Taste Disorder, Taste disorder, Otorhinolaryngology, Immunology, Medicine, Surgery, business, Human
Abstract

Understanding COVID-19–Related Olfactory Dysfunction

Published
2021
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9. Pretreatment High MCV as Adverse Prognostic Marker in Nonanemic Patients with Head and Neck Cancer

Author

Giancarlo Tirelli, Jerry Polesel, Paul Nankivell, Daniele Borsetto, Anna Menegaldo, Vittorio Baggio, Jonathan Fussey, Paul Pracy, Alessandro Gava, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Borsetto, D., Polesel, J., Tirelli, G., Menegaldo, A., Baggio, V., Gava, A., Nankivell, P., Pracy, P., Fussey, J., and Boscolo Rizzo, P.

Subjects
Erythrocyte Indices, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, HPV, Anemia, Macrocytosis, Gastroenterology, 03 medical and health sciences, Hemoglobins, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, macrocytic anemia, Mean corpuscular volume, platelets, prognosis, Serum Albumin, Aged, Neoplasm Staging, Proportional Hazards Models, Retrospective Studies, platelet, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Platelet Count, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Head and neck cancer, Retrospective cohort study, Chemoradiotherapy, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Survival Rate, Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Neoplasms, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Female, Macrocytic anemia, Hemoglobin, business
Abstract

Objective Mean corpuscular volume (MCV) has been shown in to be a reliable prognostic marker in other cancers; however, no evidence exists on its use in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). This study aimed to investigate the association between MCV, hemoglobin, platelet count and albumin concentration, and survival in stage III/IVA-B HNSCC treated with concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Study design Retrospective cohort study. Methods In this multicenter retrospective study, we analyzed MCV, platelet count, hemoglobin concentration, and albumin concentration in peripheral blood samples from 260 patients with HNSCC undergoing organ preservation treatment with curative intent at the time of diagnosis. We then analyzed survival outcomes after accounting for confounders using multivariate analysis. Results After adjustment for potential confounders, patients with low hemoglobin had a 3.3-fold higher risk of death (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.26-4.81) than those with normal hemoglobin. Patients with an elevated MCV had a 1.54-fold higher risk of death (95% CI: 1.06-2.24), independent of site, stage, and human papillomavirus status. Interestingly, the effect of MCV on overall and progression-free survival was limited to those with a normal pretreatment hemoglobin. We identified no associations between pretreatment platelet count or albumin concentration and survival. Conclusion These findings suggest that pretreatment anemia and macrocytosis are independent predictors of lower overall and progression-free survival in HNSCC patients undergoing organ preservation treatment. Level of evidence III Laryngoscope, 131:E836-E843, 2021.

Published
2021

10. Elective neck dissection in primary parotid carcinomas: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Veronica Phillips, Oreste Iocca, Daniele Borsetto, Armando De Virgilio, Piero Nicolai, Giuseppe Spriano, Jonathan Fussey, Pasquale Di Maio, Borsetto, D., Iocca, O., De Virgilio, A., BOSCOLO RIZZO, Paolo, Phillips, V., Nicolai, P., Spriano, G., Fussey, J., and Di Maio, P.

Subjects
Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, Locally advanced, MEDLINE, parotid gland carcinomas, Cochrane Library, meta-analysi, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Metastasis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Retrospective Studie, medicine, Humans, elective neck dissection, Lymph node, Retrospective Studies, Neoplasm Staging, business.industry, parotid gland carcinoma, Carcinoma, cervical occult lymph node metastase, Lymph Node, Neck dissection, cN0 neck, Lymphatic Metastasi, 030206 dentistry, medicine.disease, Occult, Parotid Neoplasms, meta-analysis, medicine.anatomical_structure, Otorhinolaryngology, cervical occult lymph node metastases, Lymphatic Metastasis, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Meta-analysis, Lymph Nodes, Neck Dissection, Periodontics, Radiology, Oral Surgery, business, Human
Abstract

Background To estimate the rate of occult cervical lymph node metastases in cN0 patients affected by primary parotid carcinomas and to scrutinize the evidence on the indication and extent of elective neck dissection in these neoplasms. Methods Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Scopus were searched until August 31, 2020, to identify studies reporting the use of elective neck dissection in the management of malignant parotid tumours. The PRISMA checklist was used. A single arm meta-analysis was then made to determine the pooled rate of occult lymph node metastases. Risk of bias of the included studies was assessed through the ROBINS-E tool. Results The initial search returned 20 541 articles, of which twelve met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. They comprised 1310 patients with parotid carcinoma, of whom 542 cN0 underwent elective neck dissection, which led to the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (pN+/cN0) in 113 cases. Meta-analysis of the results of elective neck dissection showed an overall rate of occult metastases of 0.22 (99% CI: 0.14-0.30). Locally advanced or high-grade tumours were the commonest indications for elective neck dissection in the included studies. The most dissected lymph node levels were I-II-III, and level II was the commonest site of occult nodal metastases. Conclusions An occult metastasis rate of 0.22 (99% CI: 0.14-0.30) represents a not negligible percentage value, which should encourage further research to outline the most appropriate elective neck management in cN0 patients with parotid carcinomas.

Published
2021

11. Advanced lung cancer inflammation index and its prognostic value in HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a multicentre study

Author

Marco Benazzo, Roberto Di Carlo, Andrea Ciorba, Anna Menegaldo, Daniele Marchioni, Paolo Bossi, Chiara Bianchini, Piergiorgio Gaudioso, Giancarlo Tirelli, Gabriele Molteni, Jerry Polesel, Vittorio Giacomarra, Stefano Pelucchi, Daniele Borsetto, Piero Nicolai, Margherita Tofanelli, Mantegh Sethi, Cristoforo Fabbris, Fiordaliso Cragnolini, Simone Mauramati, Jonathan Fussey, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo [0000-0002-4635-7959], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Gaudioso, P., Borsetto, D., Tirelli, G., Tofanelli, M., Cragnolini, F., Menegaldo, A., Fabbris, C., Molteni, G., Marchioni, D., Nicolai, P., Bossi, P., Ciorba, A., Pelucchi, S., Bianchini, C., Mauramati, S., Benazzo, M., Giacomarra, V., Di Carlo, R., Sethi, M., Polesel, J., Fussey, J., and BOSCOLO RIZZO, Paolo

Subjects
Oncology, Male, Inflammatory indexes, medicine.medical_specialty, Lung Neoplasms, Survival, medicine.medical_treatment, Advanced lung cancer inflammation index, Head and neck cancer, Nutrition, Inflammatory indexe, Inflammation, Head and neck cancer, Nutrition, Advanced lung cancer inflammation index, Inflammatory indexes, Survival, NO, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, HPV Negative, medicine, Humans, Lung cancer, 030304 developmental biology, Aged, Retrospective Studies, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, Retrospective cohort study, Pneumonia, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Prognosis, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Progression-Free Survival, Female, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Cohort, Original Article, medicine.symptom, business, Adjuvant
Abstract

Funder: Università degli Studi di Trieste, PURPOSE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic value of pre-treatment advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI) in patients with HPV-negative HNSCC undergoing up-front surgical treatment. METHODS: The present multi-centre, retrospective study was performed in a consecutive cohort of patients who underwent upfront surgery with or without adjuvant (chemo)-radiotherapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Patients were stratified by ALI, and survival outcomes were compared between groups. In addition, the prognostic value of ALI was compared with two other indices, the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and systemic inflammatory index (SIM). RESULTS: Two hundred twenty-three patients met the inclusion criteria (151 male and 72 female). Overall and progression-free survival were significantly predicted by ALI < 20.4 (HR 3.23, CI 1.51-6.90 for PFS and HR 3.41, CI 1.47-7.91 for OS). Similarly, PNI < 40.5 (HR = 2.43, 95% CI: 1.31-4.51 for PFS and HR = 2.40, 95% CI: 1.19-4.82 for OS) and SIM > 2.5 (HR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.23-5.10 for PFS and HR = 2.60, 95% CI: 1.19-5.67 for OS) were found to be significant predictors. Among the three indices, ALI < 20.4 identified the patients with the worst 5-year outcomes. Moreover, patients with a combination of low PNI and low ALI resulted to be a better predictor of progression (HR = 5.26, 95% CI: 2.01-13.73) and death (HR = 5.68, 95% CI: 1.92-16.79) than low ALI and low PNI considered alone. CONCLUSIONS: Our results support the use of pre-treatment ALI, an easily measurable inflammatory/nutritional index, in daily clinical practice to improve prognostic stratification in surgically treated HPV-negative HNSCC.

Published
2021

12. Prognostic indicators in clinically node-negative malignant primary salivary tumours of the parotid: A multicentre experience

Author

Neil Sharma, Jiannis Hajiioannou, Piero Nicolai, Margherita Tofanelli, Roberta Colangeli, Andrea Galli, Mahmoud Elsayed, Athanasios Saratziotis, Maria Cristina Da Mosto, Daniele Borsetto, Patrick Long, Alberto Deganello, Paul Pracy, Diego Cazzador, Davide Lombardi, Kishan Ubayasiri, Michele Tomasoni, Jonathan Fussey, Stefano Pelucchi, Paul Nankivell, Cesare Piazza, Chiara Bianchini, Giancarlo Tirelli, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Leone Giordano, Fussey, J., Tomasoni, M., Tirelli, G., Giordano, L., Galli, A., Colangeli, R., Cazzador, D., Tofanelli, M., Da Mosto, M. C., Bianchini, C., Pelucchi, S., Ubayasiri, K., Elsayed, M., Long, P., Saratziotis, A., Hajiioannou, J., Piazza, C., Deganello, A., Lombardi, D., Nicolai, Piero, Pracy, P., Sharma, N., Nankivell, P., Borsetto, D., Boscolo-Rizzo, Paolo, Fussey, Jonathan, Tomasoni, Michele, Tirelli, Giancarlo, Giordano, Leone, Galli, Andrea, Colangeli, Roberta, Cazzador, Diego, Tofanelli, Margherita, Da Mosto, Maria Cristina, Bianchini, Chiara, Pelucchi, Stefano, Ubayasiri, Kishan, Elsayed, Mahmoud, Long, Patrick, Saratziotis, Athanasio, Hajiioannou, Jianni, Piazza, Cesare, Deganello, Alberto, Lombardi, Davide, Pracy, Paul, Sharma, Neil, Nankivell, Paul, and Borsetto, Daniele

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, adenoid cystic, Lymphatic metastasis, mucoepidermoid, Neck dissection, Carcinoma, adenoid cystic, Carcinoma, mucoepidermoid, Parotid neoplasms, Prognosis, Humans, Middle Aged, Neck Dissection, Neoplasm Staging, Retrospective Studies, Parotid Neoplasms, Internal medicine, medicine, In patient, Stage (cooking), Lymphatic metastasi, business.industry, Nodal metastasis, Parotid neoplasm, Carcinoma, Histology, Occult, Node negative, Parotid cancer, Oral Surgery, business
Abstract

Objectives Nodal metastasis is an important prognosticator in primary parotid cancers. The management of the clinically node-negative neck is an area lacking consensus. This study investigates the occult nodal metastasis rate, and prognostic indicators in primary parotid cancers. Materials and methods We performed a multicentre retrospective case note review of patients diagnosed and treated surgically with curative intent between 1997 and 2020. Demographic, clinic-pathological and follow-up data was recorded. Results After exclusions, 334 patients were included for analysis, with a median follow-up of 48 months. The overall rate of occult lymph node metastasis amongst patients undergoing elective neck dissection was 22.4%, with older age, high-grade and more advanced primary tumours being associated with higher rates. On multivariable analysis, age ≥ 60 years (HR = 2.69, p = 0.004), high-grade tumours (HR = 2.70, p = 0.005) and advanced primary tumours (pT3-4, HR = 2.06, p = 0.038) were associated with worse overall survival. Occult nodal metastasis on final pathology was associated with a close-to-significant reduction in regional recurrence free survival (HR = 3.18, p = 0.076). Conclusion This large series confirms the significant occult lymph node metastasis rate in primary parotid cancer, and demonstrates the importance of primary histology, tumour grade and stage in predicting survival outcome. This data supports the use of elective neck dissection in patients with high-risk tumours.

Published
2021

13. Is oro/nasopharyngeal swab for SARS-CoV-2 detection a safe procedure? Complications observed among a case series of 4876 consecutive swabs

Author

Anna Menegaldo, Daniele Borsetto, Ananth Vijendren, Walter Cestaro, Daniele Frezza, Cristoforo Fabbris, Giacomo Spinato, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Fabbris, C., Cestaro, W., Menegaldo, A., Spinato, G., Frezza, D., Vijendren, A., Borsetto, D., and BOSCOLO RIZZO, Paolo

Subjects
Adult, Male, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Complications, Septal absce, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Oropharynx, Article, Epistaxi, COVID-19 Testing, Pandemic, Medicine, Humans, Viral, Pandemics, Aged, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Septal abscess, COVID-19, Epistaxis, Nasopharyngeal swab, Female, Middle Aged, RNA, Viral, Virology, Otorhinolaryngology, RNA, business, Complication, Human
Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe-Acute-Respiratory-Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has widely spread throughout the world since December 2019 . One of the main symptoms of COVID-19 is alteration of smell or taste, suggesting that high viral load can be found in the nose . CDC guidelines have recommended that diagnostic swabs should be performed in specific areas of the respiratory tract such as the nasopharynx, oropharynx, nasal turbinate, and anterior nares. Nasal and nasopharyngeal swabbing requires the introduction of a foreign body into a delicate area that can result in harm to the patient. In this paper we present the complications encountered in a series of health workers who underwent oro/nasopharyngeal swab for detection of SARS-CoV-2.

Published
2021

14. Self-reported alteration of sense of smell or taste in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 3563 patients

Author

D. Borsetto, C. Hopkins, V. Philips, R. Obholzer, G. Tirelli, J. Polesel, L. Calvanese, P. Boscolo-Rizzo, Borsetto, D, Hopkins, C, Philips, V, Obholzer, R, Tirelli, G, Polesel, J, and Boscolo-Rizzo, P

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Taste, Anosmia, Pneumonia, Viral, MEDLINE, Olfaction, Disease, Taste lo, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 0302 clinical medicine, Olfaction Disorder, Internal medicine, medicine, Smell lo, Humans, Viral, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Pandemics, Betacoronaviru, Pandemic, business.industry, Coronavirus Infection, SARS-CoV-2, Smell loss, COVID-19, General Medicine, Pneumonia, Ageusia, Checklist, Smell, Otorhinolaryngology, Meta-analysis, Self Report, medicine.symptom, business, Coronavirus Infections, Covid-19, Taste loss, Human
Abstract

Background Emerging reports suggest that new onset of smell or taste loss are potential early clinical markers of SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it remains unclear as to what extent. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to systematically assess the prevalence of self-reported altered sense of smell or taste in patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection, overcoming the limitations of individual studies by meta-analysis of pooled data. Methods The databases Medline, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and MedRxiv's set were searched from inception to the 4th May 2020. This study was conducted following the PRISMA checklist. Results 18 studies met the eligibility criteria out of the 171 initially screened citations. The overall prevalence of alteration of the sense of smell or taste was 47% , but estimates were 31% and 67% in severe and mild-to-moderate symptomatic patients, respec- tively. The loss of smell and taste preceded other symptoms in 20% of cases and it was concomitant in 28%. Conclusions Based on this meta-analysis, we recommend self-isolation and testing, where possible, for patients complaining smell or taste impairment during COVID-19 pandemic in order to prevent spread of disease and propose the inclusion of loss of smell and taste as recognized symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 in the World Health Organization and other relevant regulatory body's lists.

Published
2020

15. Predominance of an altered sense of smell or taste among long-lasting symptoms in patients with mildly symptomatic COVID-19

Author

Anna Menegaldo, Jerry Polesel, Giacomo Spinato, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Daniele Borsetto, Leonardo Calvanese, Cristoforo Fabbris, Claire Hopkins, Boscolo Rizzo, Paolo., Polesel, J., Spinato, G., Fabbris, C., Calvanese, L., Menegaldo, A., Borsetto, D., and Hopkins, C.

Subjects
Long lasting, Taste, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Pneumonia, Viral, Disease, Olfaction, Betacoronavirus, Olfaction Disorders, Taste Disorders, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Olfaction Disorder, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Viral, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Pandemics, Pandemic, Coronavirus Infection, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, fungi, COVID-19, Pneumonia, General Medicine, Smell, Otorhinolaryngology, Taste disorder, Coronavirus Infections, business, Human
Abstract

There is mounting evidence that a new onset of altered sense of smell or taste is related to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In order to allow patients to recognize symptoms indicative of SARS-CoV-2 infection and self-isolate at the earliest opportunity, self-reported loss of smell and taste have greater value in controlling disease transmission than psychophysical testing, which is not widely available outside of highly specialized clinics.

Published
2020

16. Design of a study to investigate the mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnoea by means of drug-induced sleep endoscopy

Author

Piergiorgio Gaudioso, Martino F. Pengo, Valeria Bisogni, Mario Plebani, Alessandro Martini, Gian Paolo Rossi, Laura Brugnolo, Silvia Lerco, Giulio Ceolotto, Daniele Borsetto, Carlo Artusi, Rosario Marchese Ragona, Giuseppe Maiolino, Bisogni, V, Maiolino, G, Ceolotto, G, Pengo, M, Marchese Ragona, R, Artusi, C, Brugnolo, L, Lerco, S, Borsetto, D, Gaudioso, P, Martini, A, Plebani, M, and Rossi, G

Subjects
Adult, Male, Sympathetic nervous system, medicine.medical_specialty, obstructive sleep apnoea, catechol-O-methyltransferase, Clinical Biochemistry, Hemodynamics, Pilot Projects, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Catechol O-Methyltransferase, Plasma renin activity, Endothelial activation, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Catecholamines, Internal medicine, Renin–angiotensin system, Renin, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, drug-induced sleep endoscopy, endothelin-1, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, sympathetic nervous system, Protein Precursors, Aldosterone, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Catechol-O-methyl transferase, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Endoscopy, General Medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Research Design, Cardiology, medicine.symptom, business, Sleep, Hypercapnia
Abstract

Background Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is an independent risk factor of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Recurrent episodes of upper airways collapse during sleep causing blood oxygen desaturation, hypercapnia, and micro-arousals, are known to activate the sympathetic nervous system (SNS). However, whether changes in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and endothelial activation also occur remains contentious. Methods Based on routine use of drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) for the work-up of OSA patients in our centre, we designed a prospective study to investigate the haemodynamic and humoral changes occurring during the apnoeic episodes reproduced in vivo in the course of DISE. Specifically, plasma aldosterone concentration and renin activity, C-terminal fragment of proendothelin-1, as a marker of endothelial damage, and free plasma catecholamines, will be measured at fixed times during DISE. The activity of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT), a key catecholamine-inactivating enzyme that has been scantly investigated thus far owing to the lack of commercially available kits, will be also determined by a newly developed high performance liquid chromatography method, which is herein described. Results and conclusions The aim of this study is to provide novel information on the haemodynamic, hormonal, and SNS changes, and also on COMT activity modification concomitantly occurring during apnoea, thus contributing substantively to the understanding of the pathophysiology of OSA.

Published
2019

17. Association between hepatitis C and B viruses and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Author

Jonathan Fussey, Daniele Borsetto, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Elisa Vian, Anna Menegaldo, Giacomo Spinato, Valeria Biscaro, Roberto Rigoli, Maria Cristina Da Mosto, Sara Donà, Jerry Polesel, Dona, S., Borsetto, D., Fussey, J., Biscaro, V., Vian, E., Spinato, G., Menegaldo, A., Da Mosto, M. C., Rigoli, R., Polesel, J., and Boscolo-Rizzo, P.

Subjects
Adult, Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Hepatitis B virus, medicine.medical_specialty, Epidemiology, 030106 microbiology, Hepacivirus, Antibodies, Viral, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Hepatitis B, Chronic, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Virology, Internal medicine, Prevalence, medicine, Carcinoma, Humans, Hepatitis C infection, 030212 general & internal medicine, Head and neck cancer, Case-control study, Hepatitis B infection, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Hepatitis, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, business.industry, Incidence, Hepatitis C, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Middle Aged, Hepatitis B, medicine.disease, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, stomatognathic diseases, Infectious Diseases, Italy, Head and Neck Neoplasms, Case-Control Studies, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Female, business
Abstract

Background Hepatitis B and C viruses are known to be carcinogenic and have been associated with the development of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as well as hepatocellular carcinoma. The incidence of head and neck cancer is increasing worldwide, and early diagnosis is vital in order to achieve good oncological outcomes. Objectives To investigate the association between chronic hepatitis B and C infection, and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Study design We performed a retrospective case control study with 774 head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients undergoing treatment, and 1518 cancer-free controls undergoing hernia surgery. Hepatitis B and C serologies were tested prior to treatment, and cases and controls were age- and sex-matched before analysing rates of infection. Results HNSCC patients were more likely than controls to have evidence of chronic hepatitis B (OR = 2.76; CI 95 %, 1.64–4.64) and hepatitis C (OR = 2.59; 95 % CI, 1.46–4.60) infection. No substantial association was found between hepatitis B and C infection and other known risk factors for head and neck cancer. Conclusions These findings suggest a positive association between both hepatitis B and hepatitis C chronic infection, and HNSCC. More work is needed to establish a causal role, however an awareness of the possibility of increased risk of HNSCC may lead to earlier diagnosis and better outcomes in patients with hepatitis B and C.

Published
2019

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