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Compared with other parts of the plant, leaves are easy to obtain and have obvious features. Therefore, leaf identification is also considered as one of the best methods for plant identification. For this reason, a transfer learning leaf recognition method based on VGG16 deep learning network is proposed. This method firstly carries out preprocess operations such as background whitening and standard normalization processing, then carries out data augmentation, then uses transfer learning to train VGG16 network model, and finally completes leaf recognition. The experimental results of Middle European Woody (MEW) plants data set and UCI Folio Leaf data set show that the recognition accuracy under a single background reaches 93.4% and 97.9%, respectively, which are significantly higher than traditional convolutional neural network and other recognition methods, effectively improving the recognition accuracy rate of plant leaves.

AMP-activated protein kinase α1 (AMPK α1) is involved in the tumorigenesis of various cancer types. However, the role of AMPK α1 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains unclear. In the present study, 99 NSCLC tumor tissues and paired normal tissues were obtained. The expression levels of AMPK α1 were significantly upregulated in NSCLC tumor tissues compared with those in adjacent non-tumor lung tissues. The patients were further divided into two groups according to their expression levels of AMPK α1 in tumor tissues. The results outlined that overexpression of AMPK α1 was associated with poor prognosis. In addition, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels were associated with malignant progression in patients with NSCLC. Patients with NSCLC that overexpressed AMPK α1 and VEGF had the worst outcomes. Moreover, AMPK α1 may positively regulate VEGF expression. These results suggest that AMPK α1 serves a carcinogenic role at least in part through the regulation of VEGF expression, and thus represents a potential treatment target in patients with NSCLC.

The accurate detection and imaging of small debonded regions in a 3-layer ceramic matrix composite (CMC) with two bonded layers is a challenge within terahertz (THz) nondestructive detection. To solve this problem, an improved imaging method for detecting bonding defects is proposed based on the statistical characteristics of variance and kurtosis to detect defects in the upper/lower adhesive layers in a multilayered CMC. The proposed method can ultimately realize a detection accuracy of 50 and 250 μm for bonding defects in the upper and lower adhesive layers, respectively, and achieve a better imaging result compared with power imaging method. Moreover, there is a corresponding relationship between the statistical characteristic value and the bonding defect size—the larger the statistical characteristic value, the larger the bonding defect size—which can be used as a reference to quantify the defect size.

We propose a THz nondestructive analysis method based on multiple echoes and feature fusion. Conventionally, it is difficult to identify the debonding defects of the glue layer (II) due to the thin adhesive layer. To this end, a THz propagation model is established, and a quantitative method for determining the thickness of debonding defects based on multiple echoes is presented. The measurement error for preset defect thickness of 500 µm was 4%. Further, for determining the area of debonding defects, a feature fusion imaging algorithm is proposed to realize the lateral recognition of defects and quantitative analysis is used to improve the recognition ability of defects.

On the basis of the density functional theory of the first-principles, we employ the plane wave pseudopotential method and local density approximation to optimize the geometrical structure of cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride; then we study their mechanical properties, electronic structures and optical properties at zero temperature and zero pressure, and the thermodynamic properties at different temperatures and different pressures. By means of geometry optimization, we systematically investigate the elastic constant, bulk modulus, shear modulus, hardness and phonon spectrum for each of cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride. The results show that both cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride are structurally stable and brittle materials. Besides, cubic boron nitride is more stable than hexagonal boron nitride and it can be used as a superhard material. However, the thermal stability of hexagonal boron nitride is poor. The research results of electrical properties show that both cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride are indirect bandgap semiconductors, and the localization of cubic boron nitride is stronger than hexagonal boron nitride. The optical studies show that both cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride have good passivity to incident light. The c-BN is more sensitive to the incident light in high energy region. Last but not least, the thermodynamic properties of cubic boron nitride at high temperature and high pressure are also investigated. The relationships of thermodynamic expansivity, heat capacity, Debye temperature and Grüneisen parameter of c-BN with temperature and pressure are obtained. And the heat capacity of cubic boron nitride is found to be close to the Dulong-Petit limit at high temperatures. In this paper the relevant properties of cubic boron nitride and hexagonal boron nitride under high pressure are described theoretically, and a relatively reliable theoretical basis is provided for relevant experimental research.

Taking use of SolidWorks and ANSYS Workbench FEM software to establish numerical analysis model and using the node mapping and sectional integral method for the calculation of three-dimensional solid model of bending moment, this paper puts forward a negative moment optimal formula. The optimal formula including parameters λ when took into account the different supporting patterns for continuous box beam bridges. With the comparative analysis of CODE(JTG D62-2004) method and measured data, it draws a conclusion that considering the support patterns on pier top negative moment influence on engineering structural analysis is more appropriate.

Fault diagnosis is an important method of improving the safety and reliability of air conditioning systems. When the fan in fan-coil unit is shut down, there are temperature variations in the conditioned space. The heat exchanger efficiency is lower and the temperature in the room will change while the heat load of the room is stable. In this study, fault data are obtained in an experimental test rig. Thermal parameters as suction pressure and room temperature are selected and measured to establish a characteristic description to represent states of system malfunction. A new approach to fault diagnosis is presented by using real data from the test rig. Using the artificial neural network (ANN) in self-learning and pattern recognition modes, the fault is di- agnosed with the perceptron (one type of ANN model) suitable for pattern classification problems. The perceptron network is shown to distinguish types of system faults correctly, and to be an artificial neural network architecture especially well suited for fault diagnosis.

Nanosecond-pulse discharge can produce low-temperature plasma with high electron energy and power density in atmospheric air, thus it has been widely used in the fields of biomedical science, surface treatment, chemical deposition, flow control, plasma combustion and gas diode. However, some phenomena in nanosecond-pulse discharge cannot be explained by traditional discharge theories (Townsend theory and streamer theory), thus the mechanism of pulsed gas discharge based on runaway breakdown of high-energy electrons has been proposed. Generally, the generation and propagation of runaway electrons are accompanied by the generation of X-ray. Therefore, the properties of X-ray can indirectly reveal the characteristics of high-energy runaway electrons in nanosecond-pulse discharges. In this paper, in order to explore the characteristics of runaway electrons and the mechanism of nanosecond-pulse discharge, the temporal properties of X-ray in nanosecond-pulse discharge are investigated. A nanosecond power supply VPG-30-200 (with peak voltage 0200 kV, rising time 1.2-1.6 ns, and full width at half maximum 3-5 ns) is used to produce nanosecond-pulse discharge. The discharge is generated in a tube-to-plane electrode at atmospheric pressure. Effects of the inter-electrode gap, anode thickness and position on the characteristics of X-ray are investigated by measuring the temporal X-ray via a diamond photoconductive device. The experimental results show that X-ray in nanosecond-pulse discharge has a rising time of 1 ns, a pulse width of about 2 ns and a calculated energy of about 2.310-3 J. The detected X-ray energy decreases with the increase of inter-electrode gap, because the longer discharge gap reduces the electric field and the number of runaway electrons, weakening the bremsstrahlung at the anode. When the inter-electrode gap is 50 mm, the discharge mode is converted from a diffuse into a corona, resulting in a rapid decrease in X-ray energy. Furthermore, both X-ray energies measured behind the anode and on the side of discharge chamber decrease as anode thickness increases. The X-ray energy measured on the side of the discharge chamber is one order of magnitude higher than that measured behind the anode, which is because the anode foil absorbs some X-rays when they cross the foil. In addition, the X-ray energy behind the anode significantly decreases with the increase of the thickness of anode aluminum foil. It indicates that the X-ray in nanosecond-pulse discharge mainly comes from the bremsstrahlung caused by the collision between the high-energy runaway electrons and inner surface of the anode foil. Therefore, increasing the thickness of the anode foil will reduce the X-ray energy across the anode film.

In this letter, we report a novel phenomenon of photoisomerization-induced changes in liquid crystalline azobenzene polymers P12 Langmuir-Blodgette monolayer deposited on gold film by irradiating the monolayer with UV (360 nm) and blue (450 nm) lights, which was investigated by surface plasmon resonance technique. It has been shown that it is possible to switch the refractive indices reversibly by irradiating these films with light of appropriate wavelength.

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in microRNA-related genes on clinical outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) receiving first-line fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Experimental Design: Forty-one SNPs in 26 microRNA-related genes were genotyped in 1,097 patients with CRC recruited at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (Houston, TX). Patients were enrolled between 1990 and 2008 and last follow-up was in 2010. The associations between genotypes and recurrence-free survival (RFS), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) stratified by clinical stage were analyzed in 741 newly diagnosed patients (diagnosed within 1 year) and replicated the findings in an additional 356 patients. Results: In patients with stage III disease, mir608: rs4919510 was associated with increased risk for both recurrence [HR, 2.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.38–5.33] and death (HR, 3.53; 95%CI, 1.42–8.73). The associations were confirmed in the replication set, and the combined HRs for training and replication sets were 1.65 (95% CI, 1.13–2.41) for recurrence and 1.96 (95% CI, 1.19–3.21) for death, respectively. The mir219-1:rs213210 showed consistent association with death in the training set (HR, 3.86; 95% CI, 1.33–11.22), the replication set (HR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.39–7.98), and combined data set (HR, 3.22; 95% CI, 1.70–6.10). In combined analysis of these two SNPs, patients carrying the variant genotypes at both sites exhibited a 5.6-fold increased risk of death. Conclusion: Genetic polymorphisms in the microRNA pathway may predict prognosis in patients with stage III CRC treated with fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy. Clin Cancer Res; 18(14); 3982–91. ©2012 AACR.

Aiming at the conditions of that the quality of ATM video image easily affected under weak light environment, this paper presents two improved algorithms respectively for noise suppression and image enhancement in the video image preprocessing. Compared with traditional methods, the algorithms can get better precision and signal to noise ratio and keep further details while improving the contrast of image, so the image quality can be notably improved. The above algorithms only process the luminance component to ensure the efficiency.

Background: Recent investigations have suggested the clinical efficacy of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) infusion alone or in combination with a single dose delivery of peripheral blood stem cells (PBSC) infusion in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) and congestive heart failure (HF). The current study tested the feasibility and effect of repeated intracoronary infusions PBSC and the mobilization of G-CSF in patients with refractory HF after MI. Methods and Results: Patients with recent large MI and a lower left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were enrolled into one of the following 3 groups: Group R (n=15) received repeated intracoronary infusion of PBSC and one-dose of G-CSF; Group S (n=15) received a single infusion of PBSC and a G-CSF dose; and Group C (n=15) received neither PBSC nor a G-CSF dose. Cardiac performance was evaluated by echocardiography and single photon-emission computed tomography (SPECT). All the patients underwent 12-month follow-up. LVEF in Group R (47.00±4.90%) was significantly higher than that in Group S (44.40±3.87%, P

The measurement based on FFT power spectrum of pulse transient dynamic response of structural silicone sealant damage in Hidden frame supported glass curtain wall was first proposed in the paper. The signal of four testing points was gathered and FFT Power Spectrum was used to analyze. Power spectral main peak frequency of the signal in contributing proportion of the total power (i ƒO ) was taken as a dependent variable of the structural silicone sealant damage length ( a ). Experimental data were fitted to establish a functional relations between i¥ a i¦ and i¥ i ƒO i¦byGaussian function or Lorentzian function, and the small damage value of i¥ a i¦was used to be detected. Research results show that it will be helpful for the application of the structural silicone sealant damage detection technology in the hidden frame supported glass curtain wall.

Objective The objective of this study is to report the efficacy and safety of microsurgical transsphenoidal surgery using a frame for sella guidance in a series of patients with untreated pituitary adenoma. Methods In this study, seven hundred and forty-seven patients undergoing transsphenoidal resection of a pituitary adenoma involving use of the frame were included. Follow-up of twelve to one hundred months was performed in all patients. Results During the procedures using the frame, pituitary adenomas were fully exposed, and no cavernous sinus haemorrhage due to anteroposterior displacement or internal carotid artery lesion due to right-and-left deviation occurred. The duration of the surgical procedure ranged from 28 min to 87 min with a mean of 44 min. The most frequent tumour type was prolactin-secreting adenoma (32.4%), followed by clinically non-functioning adenoma (NFPA) (28.5%), growth hormone-secreting adenoma (25.0%), and adrenocorticotropin-secreting adenoma (13.7%). Normalisation of visual defects occurred in 226 (42.2%) of the 535 patients with visual disturbances. Normalisation of hormone occurred in 458 of 551 patients with endocrine-active tumour in the follow-up period. Two patients died as a consequence of surgery. Conclusion The endonasal transsphenoidal technique is a safe, quick, and effective approach to pituitary adenomas. Our guidance frame allows the surgeon to open and close the wound rapidly, which avoids trajectory deviation and shortens the duration of the surgical procedure.

We have proposed and demonstrated a novel switchable single-longitudinal-mode (SLM), dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser (DWEDFL) assisted by Rayleigh backscattering (RBS) in a tapered fiber in a ring laser configuration. The RBS feedback in a tapered fiber is a key mechanism as linewidth narrowing for laser output. A compound laser cavity ensured that the EDFL operated in the SLM state and a saturable absorber (SA) is employed to form a gain grating for both filtering and improving wavelength stability. The fiber laser can output dual wavelengths simultaneously or operate at single wavelength in a switchable manner. Experiment results show that with the proper SA, the peak power drift was improved from 1–2 dB to 0.31 dB and the optical signal to noise ratio was higher than 60 dB. Under the assistance of RBS feedback, the laser linewidths are compressed by around three times and the Lorentzian 3 dB linewidths of 445 Hz and 425 Hz are obtained at 1550 nm and 1554 nm, respectively. Published version

A novel and simple pulse Dc bias test system has been established to emulate an isothermal environment for on-wafer characterization of MMIC power amplifiers. Testing results of a Ka band monolithic power amplifier with pulse dc bias show a power output capacity increase of 1.5-2dBm at the frequency of 33GHz

Trellis codes (including convolutional codes and turbo codes) have been widely used in DS-CDMA systems for their good performance. In this paper we study the performance of convolutional codes and turbo codes in an environment where E/sub b//N/sub 0/ changes sinusoidally. We study four cases of both scenarios. For each case we obtain some conclusions and give their analysis. In this paper a very important characteristic, named additivity, is acquired.

In this study, we illustrate the effective medium theories in the designs of three-dimensional composite metamaterials of both negative permittivity and negative permeability. The proposed metamaterial consists of random coated spheres with sizes smaller compared to the wavelength embedded in a dielectric host. Simple design rules and formulas following the effective medium models are numerically and analytically presented. We demonstrate that the revised Maxwell—Garnett effective medium theory enables us to design three-dimensional composite metamaterials through the assembly of coated spheres which are random and much smaller than the wavelength of the light. The proposed approach allows for the precise control of the permittivity and the permeability and guides a facile, flexible, and versatile way for the fabrication of composite metamaterials.

Objectives This study aims to determine the correlation between the concentration of serum sulfatide and restenosis after Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) in Chinese patients with Coronary Heart Disease (CHD). Methods We studied 68 consecutive patients with CHD of single-vessel disease who successfully underwent PCI. All patients were evaluated by follow-up angiography a mean of 6.5 months after PCI and were divided into the restenosis (20 patients) and the nonrestenosis (48 patients) groups. Results The serum sulfatide concentration (18.73±3.81 mmol/l) in the restenosis group was significantly higher than that (11.52±3.37 mmol/l) in the nonrestenosis group (p Conclusions High concentration of serum sulfatide is therefore a risk factor for restenosis after PCI in Chinese patients with CHD.

Objectives There is a positive association between sulfatide and atherosclerosis in an animal model for human familial hypercholesterolaemia. There are also association between sulfatide and vascular neointimal thickening in human. We investigated the relationship between sulfatide and carotid intima–media thickness (IMT) in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) subjects. Methods 35 genetically-verified heterozygous patients with FH and 34 healthy controls were recruited into our study. We measured serum sulfatide levels, the carotid IMT, and conventional cardiovascular risk factors including obesity parameters, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profiles. Results Subjects with heterozygous FH had significantly elevated serum sulfatide, elevated total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increased carotid IMT compared with control subjects. In patients with FH, univariate analysis showed that serum sulfatide was highly correlated with carotid IMT. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that serum sulfatide was the only independent predictor of carotid IMT in patients with FH. Conclusions Patients with heterozygous FH had significantly higher carotid IMT and the level of serum sulfatide was independently associated with atherosclerotic progression. (R: 0.639, R 2 : 0.408, p

The non-magnetic element Al and magnetic element Co doped ZnO films are prepared by dc magnetron sputtering The films were annealed first in vacuum and then in air. The crystal structures are analyzed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) and magnetic properties are measured by Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). The results show that annealing ambience has a great influence on structure and magnetic property of sample Al doped ZnO films annealed in vacuum show no room temperature ferromagnetism, but the ones annealed in air show room temperature ferromagnetism. The room temperature ferromagnetism may be associated with enhanced charge transfer between Al and ZnO films annealed in air. And for Co doped ZnO films annealed in air annealed, the ferromagnetism is weakened. The change of magnetism may be related to the competition between enhanced magnetism resulting from charge transfer between Al and ZnO and reduced magnetism resulting from interstitial Co atoms oxygenated.

National Natural Science Foundation of China [10605018, 10975116, 10675170]; Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University [NCET-07-0730]; National Basic Research Program of Chin [2007CB815003]

Dielectrophoresis （DEP） has a high potential in the manipulation of low concentration microparticles in microsystem, which is an urgent project. The complex DEP expression was induced based on the basic DEP theory. The main factor of the conventional DEP force and the traveling wave DEP force was analyzed and 2D analytical model with star electrodes as well as parallel electrodes were founded in order to act as the manipulation construction of them. Boundary conditions were set and the real part and imaginary part were coupled to compute the DEP force. The DEP distribution of the two electrodes was simulated numerically in order to obtain the parameters for the experiment. Based on the conventional DEP force, the star electrodes were used to collect microparticles and based on the travelling wave DEP force, the parallel electrodes were used for microparticles lift and directional driving, respectively. Comparing the experimental results with theoretical and simulation analysis, they had a good agreement. The results show that DEP force can be used to manipulate microparticles effectively in microsystem.

ZnO thin films were electrodeposited on glasses coated with a transparent-conductive film (InSnO) with different deposition currents. We have studied the dependence of microstructure, morphology and photoluminescence (PL) on the deposition current by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and PL measurement at room temperature. We found that all the films show highly c-axis textured structure and the surface morphology is strongly current-dependent. The transmission spectra show that the films have a transmittance higher than 80% in the visible range. The films have an increase in thickness with the deposition current. The PL spectra exhibit two emission bands, an ultraviolet (UV) one from the exciton transition and a visible light one that might emerge from the defects in the films. The UV emission band has an obvious blueshift, which is found to be due to in doping during the deposition. With the increase of deposition current, the UV emission decreases while the visible light emission goes up.

A compensated compact microstrip resonant cell (C-CMRC) with photonic band-gap (PBG) performance is presented in this paper. Two open microstrip stub-lines are added at the center of the compact microstrip resonant cell (CMRC) to compensate for the unbalanced change of inductance and capacitance in low pass band. It can significantly improve the return loss and insertion loss. Furthermore, the C-CMRC with capacitive loading leads to a stronger slow-wave and enlarged stop-band bandwidth. A low pass filter with 3 C-CMRC resonators in series has been designed according to the PBG performance. The period is only 0.15λg due to the slow-wave effect. Comparison with the general PBG period of 0.5λg, the circuit size is reduced effectively. The original CMRC and the C-CMRC with open stub lines are designed, fabricated and measured to validate the improved performance. A low pass filter with 3 C-CMRC resonators is also designed with 1.26dB insertion loss below 1.8GHz and more than 25dB stop-band from 2.6 to 9GHz.

Using the reactive radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method, ZnO films were deposited on Si (001) and quartz substrates at different pressures with a fixed flow ratio of Ar to O2. The influence of working pressure on the crystallinity and growth behavior were studied with the help of characterization of the morphology, microstructure and optical properties of the films by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and transmittance spectra,respectively. It is found that a critical working pressure can be taken as 0.5—1.0 Pa. With increasing the working pressure from 0.1 Pa up to the critical working pressure, the density of ZnO grains decreases and the films have high c-axis orientation with strong in-plane textured feature. When the working pressure exceeds the critical working pressure, the density of ZnO grains is roughtly a constant and the in-plane textured feature disappears. The influence of working pressure on the refractive index, extinction coefficient and optical energy gap is also discussed in the paper.

For the decentralized control design of an actual power system, the first problem is to do model reduction to make the design computationally possible. In this paper the coherency based aggregation method is used. And the method of dynamic equivalency for real system is described. Then block-diagonalization procedure can be applied to get the decentralized feedback gain. During this procedure some problems happened in practice are discussed in detail.

Primary hepatic cancer (PHC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies on the east and south coasts of China. Extensive epidemiological surveys of PHC in these areas indicate that the incidence of PHC is closely correlated with HBV infection, aflatoxin contamination, and other putative carcinogenic factors in the drinking water. However, direct evidence is still lacking as to which of these factors operate in hepatocarcinogenesis and how they operate. Therefore, the identification and isolation of oncogenes in PHC will help us to elucidate the target genes which carcinogens may attack and the mechanism of carcinogenesis.

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