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1. In Vitro Evaluation of Aerosol Delivery by Hand-Held Mesh Nebulizers in an Adult Spontaneous Breathing Lung Model

Author

Han-Sun Chiang, Hui-Yun Tseng, and Hui-Ling Lin

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Inhalation, Respiratory rate, business.industry, Pharmaceutical Science, Aerosol, Nebulizer, Salbutamol, Medicine, Pharmacology (medical), Particle size, business, Nuclear medicine, Tidal volume, Mouthpiece, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Drug inhalation is common mode of treatment for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of aerosol devices in a simulated COPD adult lung model using five commercially available hand-held mesh nebulizers. Materials and Methods: Five nebulizers (PARI VELOX®, Omron NE-U22, Aeroneb® Go, APEX PY001, and Pocket Air®) were tested with a unit dose of 5.0 mg/2.5 mL salbutamol. An in vitro lung model (compliance: 0.06 L/cm H2O, resistance: 20 cm H2O/L/sec) was constructed to simulate parameters (tidal volume of 500 mL, respiratory rate of 15 breaths/min, inspiratory time of 1 second) of an adult patient with COPD. A bacterial filter was attached at the bronchi level for drug collection, referring as inhaled mass. After nebulization, the inhaled mass (%), dose remaining on each component (%), particle size characteristics, and nebulizer performances were analyzed. Particle size characteristics were analyzed using an 8-stage Anderson Cascade Impactor. The salbutamol particles deposited were eluted and analyzed using a spectrophotometer at 276 nm. The inhaled mass (%), dose remaining on each component (%), particle size distribution, and nebulizer performance were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Sheffee post hoc tests. Results: Pocket Air and APEX PY001 showed the greatest inhaled mass and the lowest dose in the mouthpiece connection. The largest and smallest mass median aerodynamic diameters were found with Omron NE-U22 and PARI VELOX, respectively. In addition, the output rate and inhaled aerosol rate (IAR) of PARI VELOX were higher than those of other nebulizers. Conclusions: This study showed that the performance of commercially available mesh nebulizers varied. Aerosol particles deposited on different auxiliary equipment directly influenced the output rate and IAR of the mesh nebulizer. Clinical validation of the drug IAR is necessary to avoid overdose and reduce drug wastage.

Published
2022

2. Integrating the Z-scheme heterojunction and hot electrons injection into a plasmonic-based Zn2In2S5/W18O49 composite induced improved molecular oxygen activation for photocatalytic degradation and antibacterial performance

Author

Hui-Yun Liu, Ning Tang, Chao Liang, Ya-Ya Yang, Xue-Gang Zhang, Hai Guo, Cheng-Gang Niu, and Da-Wei Huang

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Composite number, Heterojunction, Photochemistry, Chloride, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Semiconductor, Photocatalysis, medicine, Surface plasmon resonance, Photodegradation, business, Plasmon, medicine.drug
Abstract

The semiconductor-based photocatalysts with local surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect can extend light response to near-infrared region (NIR), as well as promote charge-carriers transfer, which provide a novel insight into designing light-driven photocatalyst with excellent photocatalytic performance. Here, we designed cost-effective wide-spectrum Zn2In2S5/W18O49 composite with enhanced photocatalytic performance based on a dual-channel charge transfer pathway. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of Z-scheme heterostructure and unique LSPR effect, the interfacial charge-carriers transfer rate and light-absorbing ability of Zn2In2S5/W18O49 were enhanced significantly under visible and NIR (vis-NIR) light irradiation. More reactive oxygen species (ROS) were formed by efficient molecular oxygen activation, which were the critical factors for both Escherichia coli (E. coli) photoinactivation and tetracycline (TC) photodegradation. The enhancement of molecular oxygen activation (MOA) ability was verified via quantitative analyses, which evaluated the amount of ROS through degrading nitrotetrazolium blue chloride (NBT) and p-phthalic acid (TA). By combining theoretical calculations with diverse experimental results, we proposed a credible photocatalytic reaction mechanism for antibiotic degradation and bacteria inactivation. This study develops a new insight into constructing promising photocatalysts with efficient photocatalytic activity in practical wastewater treatment.

Published
2022

3. Global pattern and trends of colorectal cancer survival: a systematic review of population-based registration data

Author

Xiao-Wei Ji, Yong-Bing Xiang, Jia-Yi Tuo, Jinghao Bi, Qiu-Ming Shen, Hui-Yun Yuan, Yu-Fei Jiang, Honglan Li, and Zhuo-Ying Li

Subjects
survival rate, Cancer Research, education.field_of_study, Relative survival, business.industry, Colorectal cancer, Population, Cancer, Rectum, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, Cancer registration, colorectal cancer, Population based, medicine.disease, medicine.anatomical_structure, Oncology, population-based study, medicine, cancer registration, prognosis, business, education, Survival rate, RC254-282, Demography
Abstract

This review will describe the global patterns and trends of colorectal cancer survival, using data from the population-based studies or cancer registration. We performed a systematic search of China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Data, PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and SEER and collected all population-based survival studies of colorectal cancer (up to June 2020). Estimates of observed and relative survival rates of colorectal cancer by sex, period, and country were extracted from original studies to describe the temporal patterns and trends from the late 1990s to the early 21st century. Globally, 5-year observed survival rates were higher in Seoul, Republic of Korea (1993-1997; 56.8% and 54.3% for colon and rectum cancers, respectively), Zhejiang province (2005-2010; 52.9% for colon cancer), Tianjin (1991-1999; 52.5% for colon cancer), Shanghai (2002-2006; 50.0% for rectum cancer) of China, and in Japan (1993-1996, 59.6% for colorectal cancer). Five-year relative survival rates of colorectal cancer in the Republic of Korea (2010-2014), Queensland, Australia (2005-2012), and the USA (2005-2009) ranked at relatively higher positions compared to other countries. In general, colorectal cancer survival rates are improving over time worldwide. Sex disparities in survival rates were also observed in the colon, rectum, and colorectal cancers in most countries or regions. The poorest age-specific 5-year relative survival rate was observed in patients > 75 years of age. In conclusion, over the past 3 decades, colorectal cancer survival has gradually improved. Geographic variations, sex differences, and age gradients were also observed globally in colorectal cancer survival. Further studies are therefore warranted to investigate the prognostic factors of colorectal cancer.

Published
2022

4. Advances in Anti-inflammatory Activity, Mechanism and Therapeutic Application of Ursolic Acid

Author

Jiazhen Wang, Feng-Lan Zhao, Hui-yun Wang, Xiao-Fan Zhang, Zongliang Liu, Ming-Zhu Luan, and Qing-Guo Meng

Subjects
Pharmacology, biology, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Arthritis, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Triterpenes, Anti-inflammatory, Nitric oxide, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Ursolic acid, In vivo, Drug Discovery, medicine, biology.protein, Cyclooxygenase, Reactive Oxygen Species, business, Neuroinflammation, Histamine, Signal Transduction
Abstract

In vivo and in vitro studies reveal that Ursolic Acid (UA) is able to counteract endogenous and exogenous inflammatory stimuli and has favorable anti-inflammatory effects. The antiinflammatory mechanisms mainly include decreasing the release of histamine in mast cells, suppressing the activities of lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase and phospholipase, and reducing the production of nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species, blocking the activation of the signal pathway, downregulating the expression of inflammatory factors, and inhibiting the activities of elastase and complement. These mechanisms can open up new avenues for the scientific community to develop or improve novel therapeutic approaches to tackle inflammatory diseases, such as arthritis, atherosclerosis, neuroinflammation, liver diseases, kidney diseases, diabetes, dermatitis, bowel diseases, cancer. The anti-inflammatory activity, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of ursolic acid and its therapeutic applications are reviewed in this paper.

Published
2022

5. Spatial analysis of public residential housing's electricity consumption in relation to urban landscape and building characteristics: A case study in Singapore

Author

Hui Yun Rebecca Neo, Nyuk Hien Wong, Kai Cao, Chao Yuan, Marcel Ignatius, and Yong Xu

Subjects
Consumption (economics), Environmental Engineering, Geography, Relation (database), Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Natural resource economics, business.industry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Electricity, business, Urban landscape, Energy (miscellaneous)
Abstract

In a highly populated country like Singapore, a significant percentage of our gross annual electricity consumption stems from our domestic electricity usage in our residential houses. Analyzing and understanding factors that could influence such patterns is thus essential in order to derive effective measures to reduce usage. In this research, 16 identified variables were calculated and considered in the spatial analyses based on various buffer sizes. Both multilinear regression (MLR) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) based analyses were conducted using each residential housing's Energy Unit Intensity (EUI) as the dependent variable. The analyzed results have shown that building characteristics variables have more significant influences towards energy consumption patterns as compared to urban landscape variables. Although little difference was observed across different buffer sizes, more reliable results were obtained from a smaller buffer size of 50 m, suggesting its suitability in using these obtained values for further prediction model analysis and development. Results obtained from the GWR-based analysis have shown a significant improvement in the goodness-of-fit value compared to the MLR-based analysis, effectively indicating that GWR performs better in this context, apart from its better explanation on the contribution of these identified variables to the EUI in this case study.

Published
2021

6. Altered mismatch response of inferior parietal lobule in amnestic mild cognitive impairment: A magnetoencephalographic study

Author

Pin Yu Chen, Rui Nouchi, Chia-Hsiung Cheng, Pei Ning Wang, Hui Yun Hsu, and Yi Ping Chao

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Echoic memory, Mismatch negativity, Inferior frontal gyrus, Neuropsychological Tests, Audiology, Verbal learning, behavioral disciplines and activities, Memory, Parietal Lobe, Physiology (medical), Image Processing, Computer-Assisted, Humans, Medicine, magnetoencephalography (MEG), Cognitive Dysfunction, Pharmacology (medical), Cognitive decline, Aged, Pharmacology, business.industry, Sensory memory, Wechsler Scales, inferior parietal lobule (IPL), Brain, Magnetoencephalography, Inferior parietal lobule, Original Articles, mismatch negativity (MMN), Verbal Learning, Psychiatry and Mental health, ROC Curve, Original Article, amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), Female, Amnesia, Verbal memory, business, Psychomotor Performance
Abstract

Background Mismatch negativity (MMN) reflects the functional integrity of sensory memory function. With the advantages of independence of individual's focused attention and behavioral cooperation, this neurophysiological signal is particularly suitable for investigating elderly with cognitive decline such as amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). However, the existing results remain substantially inconsistent whether these patients show deficits of MMN. In order to reconcile the previous disputes, the present study used magnetoencephalography combined with distributed source imaging methods to determine the source‐level magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) in aMCI. Methods A total of 26 healthy controls (HC) and 26 patients with aMCI underwent an auditory oddball paradigm during the MEG recordings. MMNm amplitudes and latencies in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, and inferior parietal lobule (IPL) were compared between HC and aMCI groups. The correlations of MMNm responses with performance of auditory/verbal memory tests were examined. Finally, MMNm and its combination with verbal/auditory memory tests were submitted to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results Compared to HC, patients with aMCI showed significantly delayed MMNm latencies in the IPL. Among the patients with aMCI, longer MMNm latencies of left IPL were associated with lower scores of Chinese Version Verbal Learning Test (CVVLT). The ROC curve analysis revealed that the combination of MMNm latencies of left IPL and CVVLT scores yielded a moderate accuracy in the discrimination of aMCI from HC at an individual level. Conclusions Our data suggest dysfunctional MMNm in patients with aMCI, particularly in the IPL., This study uses MEG to compare source‐level magnetic mismatch negativity (MMNm) in healthy elderly and patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Patients with aMCI show MMNm prolongation in the inferior parietal lobule, and such a deficit correlates with poorer verbal learning test.

Published
2021

7. Triplet Exciton Upconverting Blue Exciplex Host for Deep Blue Phosphors

Author

Ju Hui Yun, Junseop Lim, Chang-Woong Chu, Jun Yeob Lee, and Yoonkyoo Lee

Subjects
business.industry, Carbazole, Exciton, Organic Chemistry, Phosphor, General Chemistry, Excimer, Polaron, Fluorescence, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Optoelectronics, Quantum efficiency, business, Phosphorescence
Abstract

A thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF)-type exciplex host employing a novel electron-transport type (n-type) type host managing positive polarons and stabilizing excitons was developed to elongate the device lifetime of deep blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). The bipolar n-type host was designed to prevent hole leakage and secure hole stability while being stabilized under excitons by introducing a CN-modified carbazole moiety as a weak donor. The TADF-type exciplex host-based blue PhOLEDs showed high (above 20 %) quantum efficiency with a deep blue color coordinate of (0.14, 0.16) and elongated device lifetime. The device operational lifetime of the blue PhOLEDs bearing the TADF-type exciplex host was extended by more than twice compared to that of the exciplex-free unipolar host. This work suggested a design concept of the n-type host to develop the TADF-type exciplex host for deep blue phosphors to reach a long lifespan in the deep blue PhOLEDs.

Published
2021

8. Rapamycin and trametinib: a rational combination for treatment of NSCLC

Author

Chao-Yue Sun, Yi-Zhuo Li, Di Cao, Hui-Yun Wang, Yu-Feng Zhou, and Mei-Yin Zhang

Subjects
MAPK/ERK pathway, Lung Neoplasms, Pyridones, Blotting, Western, Apoptosis, Drug resistance, Pyrimidinones, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Trametinib, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Cell Line, Tumor, Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols, medicine, Animals, Humans, Rapamycin, Phosphorylation, Lung cancer, Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases, Molecular Biology, Protein kinase B, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Sirolimus, Mice, Inbred BALB C, business.industry, Drug Synergism, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Immunohistochemistry, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Synergy, ERK, Cancer research, mTOR, Female, business, Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt, Developmental Biology, Research Paper
Abstract

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is one of the most commonly activated pathways in human cancers, including lung cancer. Targeting mTOR with molecule inhibitors is considered as a useful therapeutic strategy. However, the results obtained from the clinical trials with the inhibitors so far have not met the original expectations, largely because of the drug resistance. Thus, combined or multiple drug therapy can bring about more favorable clinical outcomes. Here, we found that activation of ERK pathway was responsible for rapamycin drug resistance in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Accordingly, rapamycin-resistant NSCLC cells were more sensitive to ERK inhibitor (ERKi), trametinib, and in turn, trametinib-resistant NSCLC cells were also susceptible to rapamycin. Combining rapamycin with trametinib led to a potent synergistic antitumor efficacy, which induced G1-phase cycle arrest and apoptosis. In addition, rapamycin synergized with another ERKi, MEK162, and in turn, trametinib synergized with other mTORi, Torin1 and OSI-027. Mechanistically, rapamycin in combination with trametinib resulted in a greater decrease of phosphorylation of AKT, ERK, mTOR and 4EBP1. In xenograft mouse model, co-administration of rapamycin and trametinib caused a substantial suppression in tumor growth without obvious drug toxicity. Overall, our study identifies a reasonable combined strategy for treatment of NSCLC.

Published
2021

10. Spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers of Alzheimer disease

Author

Ding-Yuan Tian, Jun Wang, Bin-Lu Sun, Zhen Wang, Wei Xu, Yang Chen, Ying-Ying Shen, Hui-Yun Li, Dong-Wan Chen, Fa-Ying Zhou, Xu Yi, Gui-Hua Zeng, Zhi-Qiang Xu, Li-Yong Chen, Jin-Tai Yu, Yan-Jiang Wang, Yan-Jie Yin, and Xiu-Yuan Hao

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Spicy food, lcsh:Medicine, tau Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Cognition, 0302 clinical medicine, Cerebrospinal fluid, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, Humans, Medicine, Cognitive decline, Amyloid beta-Peptides, business.industry, lcsh:R, Original Articles, Biomarker, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Peptide Fragments, Cross-Sectional Studies, Status examination, Case-Control Studies, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Csf biomarkers, Cohort, Capsaicin, Alzheimer's disease, business, Biomarkers, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background:. Recent studies suggest that a healthy diet helps to prevent the development of Alzheimer disease (AD). This study aimed to investigate whether spicy food consumption is associated with cognition and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers of AD in the Chinese population. Methods:. We enrolled 55 AD patients and 55 age- and gender-matched cognitively normal (CN) subjects in a case-control study, as well as a cohort of 131 participants without subjective cognitive decline (non-AD) in a cross-sectional study. Spicy food consumption was assessed using the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Associations of FFQ scores with cognition and CSF biomarkers of AD were analyzed. Results:. In the case-control study, spicy food consumption was lower in AD patients than that in CNs (4.0 [4.0–8.0] vs. 8.0 [4.5–10.0], P

Published
2021

11. Sclerosing stromal tumor of the ovary with masculinization, Meig’s syndrome and CA125 elevation in an adolescent girl: A case report

Author

Xin Tan, Qian Chen, Yang-Mei Shen, Yi-Hong Chen, and Hui-Yun Tang

Subjects
Pathology, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, endocrine system diseases, Sclerosing stromal tumor, media_common.quotation_subject, 03 medical and health sciences, Ovarian tumor, 0302 clinical medicine, Meig's Syndrome, Case report, medicine, Girl, media_common, business.industry, Virilization, General Medicine, female genital diseases and pregnancy complications, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Androgens, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, medicine.symptom, business, Sex cord-stromal tumor, Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor
Abstract

BACKGROUND Sclerosing stromal tumor (SST) is an extremely rare sex cord stromal tumor of the ovary. It was first reported and named in 1973. These tumors typically present with pelvic/abdominal pain and tenderness, a mass, and/or abnormal menses, but rarely present with masculinity in children and adolescents. Only 2 cases of these tumors have been reported in premenarchal girls, who demonstrated hormonal activity, with a history of the development of a virilizing female due to hyperandrogenism. Here, we report a case of a giant SST with obvious masculinity combined with Meig’s syndrome and CA125 elevation. CASE SUMMARY A 17-year-old female presented with a 7-year history of the development of masculinity and a 2-year history of amenorrhea. She had hirsutism, acne, obvious laryngeal prominence, and voice deepening. Physical examination showed a male suprapubic hair pattern and a 4.0 cm × 1.5 cm enlarged clitoris. Laboratory tests showed that the testosterone level was > 15.00 ng/mL (normal range: 0.14-0.76 ng/mL), and androstenedione level was > 10.00 ng/mL (normal range: 0.3-3.3 ng/mL). A computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis was carried out and showed a large, solid and cystic, partly calcified pelvic mass in the right ovary measuring 27.1 cm × 20.0 cm × 11.0 cm, 15 cm above the umbilicus (to the level of the upper part of L1). Intraoperative findings at laparotomy revealed a large tumor arising from the right ovary. Approximately, 500 mL of pale-yellow clear liquid was found in the pelvic cavity. A right salpingo-oophorectomy was performed. Microscopic examination and immunohistochemical staining of the surgical specimen showed an SST of the ovary. CONCLUSION This report is remarkable as our patient was not only diagnosed with an SST of the ovary, which is extremely rare in this age group, but was the largest and most obvious reported patient with this tumor who presented with virilization. Therefore, gynecologists should be aware of this potential complication in adolescent girls with a mass in the ovary.

Published
2020

12. The Advances on the Protective Effects of Ginsenosides on Myocardial Ischemia and Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Author

Qing-Guo Meng, Zhao Fenglan, Xiao-Fan Zhang, Wang Jiazhen, Hui-yun Wang, Xiuting He, Ming-Zhu Luan, and Mou Xiaodong

Subjects
Myocardial ischemia, Ginsenosides, Molecular Conformation, Myocardial Ischemia, Ischemia, Pharmacology, Protective Agents, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Ginseng, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Discovery, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Calcium overload, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Pharmacological action, chemistry, Ginsenoside, Reperfusion Injury, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, business, Reperfusion injury
Abstract

Ginseng is a traditional medicine with a complex chemical composition, wide bioactivity and unique pharmacological action. Many studies have confirmed that ginsenosides are the active ingredients of ginseng, and ginsenosides have always been the focus of different researchers. With the development of modern separation and analysis technology, more than 150 kinds of ginsenosides have been isolated. The ginsenosides Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rg1 and Re account for more than 80% of total ginsenosides, and other saponins, such as Rd, Rg3 and Rh2, which are minor constituents, accounting for only a small portion of the total amount. In recent years, ginsenosides have been found to possess strong pharmacological activities, such as antioxidation, clearing of oxygen free radicals, reducing calcium overload and anti-apoptosis. Ginsenosides play a protective role in ischemia-reperfusion injury. This paper reviews the protective effects of ginsenosides on myocardial ischemia and ischemiareperfusion injury.

Published
2020

13. Hospitals’ Liabilities in Times of Pandemic: Recalibrating the Legal Obligation to Provide Personal Protective Equipment to Healthcare Workers

Author

Hui Yun Chan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Scrutiny, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Article, Occupational safety and health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Personal protective equipment, Health care, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Obligation, Public health, Pandemic, business.industry, Harm, Public relations, Hospitals, Negligence, Law, business
Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has precipitated the global race for essential personal protective equipment in delivering critical patient care. This has created a dearth of personal protective equipment availability in some countries, which posed particular harm to frontline healthcare workers’ health and safety, with undesirable consequences to public health. Substantial discussions have been devoted to the imperative of providing adequate personal protective equipment to frontline healthcare workers. The specific legal obligations of hospitals towards healthcare workers in the pandemic context have so far escaped important scrutiny. This paper endeavours to examine this overlooked aspect in the light of legal actions brought by frontline healthcare workers against their employers arising from a shortage of personal protective equipment. By analysing the potential legal liabilities of hospitals, the paper sheds light on the interlinked attributes and factors in understanding hospitals’ obligations towards healthcare workers and how such duty can be justifiably recalibrated in times of pandemic.

Published
2020

14. The Underappreciated Role of Advance Directives: How the Pandemic Revitalises Advance Care Planning Actions

Author

Hui Yun Chan

Subjects
Advance care planning, Family Conflict, Health Equity, business.industry, Health Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Decision Making, COVID-19, Public relations, Health equity, Advance Care Planning, Order (exchange), Political science, Paradigm shift, Pandemic, Humans, Resource allocation, Health law, Advance Directives, business, Function (engineering), Pandemics, Law, media_common
Abstract

Covid-19 continues to alter our way of living and dying. Much attention has focused on how to resolve pressing issues surrounding resource allocation and competing public health ethics. While these are important discussions, the legal and ethical dilemmas of treatment decisions remain highly critical. The urgency to ensure that life and death affairs are in order is magnified due to the possibility of becoming infected with Covid-19. However, many people continue to face challenges in organising their future medical care and treatment. This article explores how the pandemic affects advance care planning through the lenses of law and ethics. The range of Covid-19 implications on advance care planning demonstrates a paradigm shift from a primarily elective function to an essential role in healthcare delivery. This renewed appreciation to advance care planning offers the opportunity to support and sustain the important role that it could play during ordinary and extraordinary times.

Published
2020

15. In suit constructing 2D/1D MgIn2S4/CdS heterojunction system with enhanced photocatalytic activity towards treatment of wastewater and H2 production

Author

Lei Zhang, Cheng-Gang Niu, Lu Li, Hai Guo, Ya-Ya Yang, Hui-Yun Liu, Da-Wei Huang, and Chao Liang

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, Band gap, Heterojunction, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Catalysis, Biomaterials, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Semiconductor, Chemical engineering, Photocatalysis, Density of states, Degradation (geology), Nanorod, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract

A novel visible-light-driven 2D/1D MgIn2S4/CdS catalyst with heterostructure was fabricated for sewage treatment and energy conversion. In this study, MIS/CdS-0.3 heterostructure catalyst displayed the remarkable photocatalytic performance, which could reduce about 100% of Cr(VI) within 30 min and decompose approximately 95.98% of oxytetracycline (OTC) after 60 min. Meanwhile, the degradation details and possible decomposition pathways for OTC solution were further verified by 3D EEM and LC-MS. Moreover, the as-obtained 2D/1D MgIn2S4/CdS hybrid composites signally promoted the hydrogen evolved in the light illumination at 420 nm. Meanwhile, some consequences based on various characterization technologies confirmed that the significant photo-induced charge separation rate is a crucial factor in the enhancement of photocatalytic capacity. The intimate contact and the formation of heterostructure between 2D MgIn2S4 nanosheets and 1D CdS nanorods with matched band gaps were beneficial for charge migration. Moreover, the band structures and the density of states (DOS) of MgIn2S4 and CdS were obtained based on density functional theory (DFT). In addition, the results of cycling experiments, XRD spectra and PL showed that the composition and performance of the composite are well-maintained, suggesting the great recyclability and stability. This work indicated that developing a 2D/1D heterostructure photocatalyst offers a cracking approach to enhance the photocatalytic property of semiconductor-based catalysts for pollutant removal and the generation of clean energy.

Published
2020

16. Targeting Autophagy In Disease: Recent Advances In Drug Discovery

Author

Ho Jeong Kwon, Hui Yun Hwang, and Dasol Kim

Subjects
0303 health sciences, business.industry, Drug discovery, Autophagy, Cancer, Disease, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Drug Development, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Drug Discovery, Cancer research, Animals, Humans, Medicine, Molecular Targeted Therapy, business, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract

Small molecules targeting autophagy have been highly implicated as new therapeutic agents to treat diseases of interest. With the increasing demand for autophagy-targeting drugs, this review attempts to provide an efficient strategy to explore major autophagy-based human disease interventions with newly explored mechanisms using small molecules and promising therapeutic approaches.Introduced in this review are direct links and applications among autophagy pathways, their modulators, and phenotypic diseases, along with recent approaches. Autophagy-related diseases, machinery, and compounds are introduced to guide the appropriate investigation of autophagy in the pharmaceutical industry. The authors then provide their expert perspectives on the subject.The self-catabolic intracellular process autophagy occurs in organisms throughout their lifetime, supporting its critical role in organismal health across life stages. Because of the detrimental influence of dysfunctional cells to an organism and their etiology in numerous diseases, maintaining cellular quality control by recycling components through autophagy is essential to prevent health decline.

Published
2020

17. The Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Neuropsychological Symptoms in Chinese Early Alzheimer’s Disease Population

Author

Haimei Yang, Hui-Yun Li, Qianqian Shi, Jing Mei, and Fa-Ying Zhou

Subjects
education.field_of_study, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Population, nutritional and metabolic diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diabetes, medicine.disease, 030227 psychiatry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Anxiety, medicine.symptom, Risk factor, education, business, Body mass index, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Depression (differential diagnoses)
Abstract

Objective To explore the effect of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) on the development of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). Methods From September 2017 to March 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted on the clinical data of 158 early AD patients over 65 years old in the Department of Neurology of Daping Hospital. All early stage of AD patients were divided into early stage of AD with NPS group and early stage of AD without NPS group according to the presence or absence of NPS. Clinical data of age, sex, body mass index (BMI), smoking and alcohol consumption, history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, white matter leisure (WML) and T2DM, MMSE, CDR and NPI-Q scores were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the relationship between T2DM and NPS in early AD. Results Compared with the early stage of AD group without NPS, the early stage of AD group with NPS was older, the proportion of women was higher, the proportion of T2DM, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and WML was higher, and the MMSE score was lower (P< 0.05). T2DM was an independent risk factor for NPS in early stage of AD patients (OR 3.48, 95% CI 2.91-3.84). The incidence of T2DM in AD patients with depression, anxiety, nighttime behavioral disturbances, and appetite disturbances was significantly higher than in AD patients without these symptoms. T2DM was an independent risk factor of depression (OR 2.04, 95% CI 1.71-2.38), anxiety (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.38-1.97), nighttime behavioral disturbances (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.75-2.13) and appetite disturbances (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.33-1.94) in early AD patients. Conclusion T2DM was an important independent risk factor for NPS in early AD, which promotes the occurrence of depression, anxiety, nighttime behavioral disturbances and appetite disturbances in early AD.

Published
2020

18. Risk score based on expression of five novel genes predicts survival in soft tissue sarcoma

Author

Li-Ping Gao, Hui-Yun Gu, Renxiong Wei, Min Yang, Jia Guo, Yang Liu, Wei Jin, Chao Zhang, and Hou-Cheng Zhong

Subjects
Adult, Male, Oncology, Aging, medicine.medical_specialty, Risk Assessment, Metastasis, nomogram, GCSH, Young Adult, Immune system, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, prognostic model, Gene, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Soft tissue sarcoma, Age Factors, Sarcoma, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis, Cell Biology, Middle Aged, Nomogram, Cell cycle, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Survival Rate, Nomograms, soft tissue sarcoma, biomarker, Female, business, Research Paper
Abstract

In this study, The Cancer Genome Atlas and Genotype-Tissue Expression databases were used to identify potential biomarkers of soft tissue sarcoma (STS) and construct a prognostic model. The model was used to calculate risk scores based on the expression of five key genes, among which MYBL2 and FBN2 were upregulated and TSPAN7, GCSH, and DDX39B were downregulated in STS patients. We also examined gene signatures associated with the key genes and evaluated the model’s clinical utility. The key genes were found to be involved in the cell cycle, DNA replication, and various cancer pathways, and gene alterations were associated with a poor prognosis. According to the prognostic model, risk scores negatively correlated with infiltration of six types of immune cells. Furthermore, age, margin status, presence of metastasis, and risk score were independent prognostic factors for STS patients. A nomogram that incorporated the risk score and other independent prognostic factors accurately predicted survival in STS patients. These findings may help to improve prognostic prediction and aid in the identification of effective treatments for STS patients.

Published
2020

19. Influence of Admission Time on Health Care Quality and Utilization in Patients with Stroke: Analysis for a Possible July Effect and Weekend Effect

Author

Pei-Tseng Kung, Hui-Yun Chang, Wen-Chen Tsai, Yueh-Han Hsu, and Chun-Yi Liu

Subjects
Adult, July effect, medicine.medical_specialty, Time Factors, Adolescent, Weekend effect, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, utilization, weekend effect, quality, stroke, Article, Patient Admission, Admission time, Health care, Humans, Medicine, In patient, Hospital Mortality, Stroke, Quality of Health Care, business.industry, Mortality rate, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Length of Stay, medicine.disease, Hospitalization, Emergency medicine, business, Health care quality
Abstract

(1) Purpose: Undesirable health care outcomes could conceivably increase as a result of the entry of new, less experienced health care personnel into patient care during the month of July (the July effect) or as a result of the less balanced allocation of health care resources on weekends (the weekend effect). Whether these two effects were present in Taiwan’s National Health Insurance (NHI) system was investigated. (2) Methods: The current study data were acquired from the NHI Research Database. The research sample comprised ≥18-year-old patients diagnosed as having a stroke for the first time from 1 January 2006 to 30 September 2012. The mortality rate within 30 days after hospitalization and readmission rate within 14 days after hospital discharge were used as health care quality indicators, whereas health care utilization indicators were the total length and cost of initial hospitalization. (3) Results: The results revealed no sample-wide July effect with regard to the four indicators among patients with stroke. However, an unexpected July effect was present among in-patients in regional and public hospitals, in which the total lengths and costs of initial hospitalization for non-July admissions were higher than those for July admissions. Furthermore, the total hospitalization length for weekend admissions was 1.06–1.07 times higher than that for non-weekend admissions; the total hospitalization length for weekend admissions was also higher than that for weekday admissions during non-July months. Thus, weekend admission did not affect the health care quality of patients with stroke but extended their total hospitalization length. (4) Conclusions: Consistent with the NHI’s general effectiveness in ensuring fair, universally accessible, and high-quality health care services in Taiwan, the health care quality of patients examined in this study did not vary significantly overall between July and non-July months. However, a longer hospitalization length was observed for weekend admissions, possibly due to limitations in personnel and resource allocations during weekends. These results highlight the health care efficiency of hospitals during weekends as an area for further improvement.

Published
2021
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21. 3D imaging through Fourier lightfield microscopy

Author

Manuel Martínez-Corral, Genaro Saavedra, Gabriele Scrofani, Hui Yun, and Emilio Sánchez-Ortiga

Subjects
symbols.namesake, Fourier transform, Materials science, Optics, business.industry, Microscopy, symbols, business
Published
2021

23. Trends of stomach cancer survival: A systematic review of survival rates from population-based cancer registration

Author

Jia-Yi Tuo, Jinghao Bi, Xiao-Wei Ji, Yong-Bing Xiang, Hui-Yun Yuan, Honglan Li, and Yu-Fei Jiang

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Population, India, Cancer registration, Population based, Stomach Neoplasms, medicine, Humans, Registries, Developing regions, education, Stomach cancer, Survival rate, Aged, education.field_of_study, Time trends, business.industry, Public health, Incidence, Gastroenterology, medicine.disease, Survival Analysis, Survival Rate, Child, Preschool, Female, business, Demography
Abstract

Aim Population-based survival is important and useful to design public health projects and evaluate the efficacy of stomach cancer control and prevention. We aimed to describe the pattern and time trends of stomach cancer survival worldwide from the population-based cancer registration. Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, SEER and SinoMed was conducted before December 31, 2020. All eligible survival analyses of stomach cancer were collected and evaluated by countries or regions, periods, gender and age groups. Results Our review included 76 articles about stomach cancer survival, and found out that the survival rates improved globally with time, although the increase wasn't remarkable. In which, the highest 5-year observed survival rate was occurred in Japan (2004-2007) with 72.1%. For the 5-year relative/net survival rates, ranks were relatively high in Korea and Japan, while fairly poor in Africa and India. The sex-specific survival rates were higher in women than in men in America, Europe and Oceania, whereas inversely in Asia. The poorest age-specific 5-year relative/net survival rates were observed in patients older than 75. Conclusions Over the past decades, the prognosis of stomach cancer has gradually improved worldwide, and the survival rates in developed regions were higher than those in developing regions. White males and Asian females had a poorer survival than white females and Asian males. Younger patients had experienced better survival than patients older than 75 years old globally. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2021

24. Shaking Table Test On Dynamic Response of Bridge Pile Foundation Near Fault Under Strong Earthquake

Author

Zhong Ju Feng, Yuan Yuan Kong, Yun Xiu Dong, Yun Hui Guan, Hui Yun Chen, and Cong Zhang

Subjects
business.industry, Foundation (engineering), Earthquake shaking table, Structural engineering, Pile, business, Near fault, Bridge (interpersonal), Geology
Abstract

Taking Puqian bridge as the prototype, a 1:30-scale pile-soil-fault interaction model was established. Through the shaking table test, the difference of dynamic response of pile foundation on both sides of fault under 0.15~0.60g ground motion intensity was studied. The pile acceleration, pile top relative displacement, and pile bending moment on both sides of the fault are compared respectively. Research results showed that under the action of a strong earthquake, the pile foundation on the hanging wall was greatly affected by ground motion, and “the hanging wall effect” was significant. As the ground motion intensity increased, the “hanging wall effect” of the pile foundation was more obvious. Combined with the fundamental frequency response and the test phenomenon, when ground motions intensity was strong, cracks appeared near the joint of pile top and platform, soil interface, and bedrock surface. When building a bridge pile foundation near the fault, the seismic design of the pile foundation on the hanging wall of the fault is mainly considered.

Published
2021

25. Preconditioned Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Improve Allotransplantation Outcome

Author

Madonna Rica Anggelia, Chih-Fan Lin, Hui-Yun Cheng, and Cheng-Hung Lin

Subjects
QH301-705.5, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Mesenchymal stem cell, Mesenchymal Stem Cells, General Medicine, Transfection, Review, Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation, Immunomodulation, allotransplantation, In vivo, preconditioning, Cancer research, Medicine, Animals, Cytokines, Humans, Biology (General), Progenitor cell, business, mesenchymal stromal cells, Allotransplantation
Abstract

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are tissue-derived progenitor cells with immunomodulatory as well as multilineage differentiation capacities, and have been widely applied as cellular therapeutics in different disease systems in both preclinical models and clinical studies. Although many studies have applied MSCs in different types of allotransplantation, the efficacy varies. It has been demonstrated that preconditioning MSCs prior to in vivo administration may enhance their efficacy. In the field of organ/tissue allotransplantation, many recent studies have shown that preconditioning of MSCs with (1) pretreatment with bioactive factors or reagents such as cytokines, or (2) specific gene transfection, could prolong allotransplant survival and improve allotransplant function. Herein, we review these preconditioning strategies and discuss potential directions for further improvement.

Published
2021

26. Phosphorylation of androgen receptor by mTORC1 promotes liver steatosis and tumorigenesis

Author

Qian-Nan Ren, Hui-Zhong Zhang, Xiaoxing Li, X. F.Steven Zheng, Chao-Yue Sun, Xue-Feng Yang, Yu-Feng Zhou, Mei-Yin Zhang, Hong Zhang, Hai-Qiang Mai, Shi-Juan Mai, Jian-Wu Long, Minshan Chen, and Hui-Yun Wang

Subjects
Male, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, medicine.drug_class, Carcinogenesis, mTORC1, Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1, medicine.disease_cause, Prostate cancer, Mice, medicine, Animals, Humans, Phosphorylation, neoplasms, PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, Hepatology, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, Androgen, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, Androgen receptor, Fatty Liver, Cell Transformation, Neoplastic, Receptors, Androgen, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer research, Androgens, business
Abstract

Androgen receptor (AR) has been reported to play an important role in the development and progression of man's prostate cancer. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is also male-dominant, but the role of AR in HCC remains poorly understood. Mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) also has been reported to be highly activated in HCC. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of AR phosphorylation and its relationship with mTORC1 in hepatocarcinogenesis.In vitro experiment, we observed that mTORC1 interacts with hepatic AR and phosphorylates it at S96 in response to nutrient and mitogenic stimuli in HCC cells. S96 phosphorylation promotes the stability, nuclear localization, and transcriptional activity of AR, which enhances de novo lipogenesis and proliferation in hepatocytes and induces liver steatosis and hepatocarcinogenesis in mice independently and cooperatively with androgen. Furthermore, high ARAR S96 phosphorylation by mTORC1 drives liver steatosis and HCC development and progression independently and cooperatively with androgen, which not only explains why HCC is man-biased but also provides a target molecule for prevention and treatment of HCC and a potential survival predictor in patients with HCC.

Published
2021

27. Evaluation of Peripheral Immune Dysregulation in Alzheimer’s Disease and Vascular Dementia

Author

Yunlai Wang, Zhixin Wang, Zhihong Wang, Xing Peng, Hui-Yun Li, Dong-Wan Chen, Dongqing Ye, Hongxing Lei, Zongjun Guo, Ying Qian, Xiaoyun Ji, and Yan-Jiang Wang

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, China, medicine.medical_specialty, Candidate gene, Disease, Immunologic Tests, Neuropsychological Tests, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Alzheimer Disease, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Cognitive Dysfunction, Vascular dementia, Genetic Association Studies, Aged, Hematologic Tests, business.industry, Microarray analysis techniques, Dementia, Vascular, General Neuroscience, Brain, Cognition, General Medicine, Immune dysregulation, medicine.disease, Peripheral, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, 030104 developmental biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Cohort, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Genome-Wide Association Study
Abstract

Immune dysregulation has been observed in the brain and blood of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, a convenient assay to evaluate peripheral immune dysregulation in AD has not been developed, partly due to the inconsistent observations from different studies. We hypothesized that peripheral immune dysregulation may only exist in a subpopulation of AD patients; therefore it may be valuable to identify this subpopulation with a convenient assay. Along this line, we selected 14 candidate genes based on our analysis of microarray data on peripheral blood of AD and other diseases. We used RT-qPCR to examine the expression of these 14 genes in a cohort of 288 subjects, including 74 patients with AD, 64 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), 51 patients with vascular dementia (VaD), and 99 elderly controls with no cognitive dysfunction/impairment. Seven of these 14 genes displayed significant difference in group comparison. Switching from group comparison to individualized evaluation revealed more in-depth information. First, there existed a wide dynamic range for the expression of these immune genes in peripheral blood even within the control group. Second, for the vast majority of the patients (AD, VaD, and MCI patients), the expression of these genes fell within the dynamic range of the control group. Third, a small portion of outliers were observed in the patient groups, more so in the VaD group than that in the AD or MCI groups. This is our first attempt to conduct personalized evaluation of peripheral immune dysregulation in AD and VaD. These findings may be applicable to the identification of peripheral immune dysregulation in AD and VaD patients which may lead to tailored treatment toward those patients.

Published
2019

28. Aberrant expressed long non-coding RNAs in laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma

Author

Mei Zhang, Jing-E Zhang, Hu Li, Wei Li, Yonghua Fei, Ya-Ting Wang, Fu-Ling Wang, and Hui-Yun Bi

Subjects
Databases, Factual, Bioinformatics analysis, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cancer genome, Biomarkers, Tumor, Carcinoma, medicine, Humans, Gene Regulatory Networks, RNA, Messenger, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, Laryngeal Neoplasms, Survival analysis, Genome, Human, Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck, business.industry, Gene Expression Profiling, Computational Biology, Reproducibility of Results, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, Head and neck squamous-cell carcinoma, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Otorhinolaryngology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Potential biomarkers, Cancer research, RNA, Long Noncoding, business
Abstract

Purpose Laryngeal squamous-cell carcinoma (LSCC) is the second most common malignant tumor of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The study was aimed to identify key long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) biomarkers for LSCC. Methods Differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) between LSCC and adjacent tissues were obtained based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. DElncRNA-DEmRNAs co-expression and DElncRNA-nearby-target DEmRNA interaction networks were constructed. Receiver operating characteristic and survival analysis were performed. A published dataset were as used to validate the result of bioinformatics analysis. Results We obtained 1103 DEmRNAs and 306 DElncRNAs between LSCC and adjacent tissues. A total of 338 DElncRNA-DEmRNA co-expression pairs and 229 DElncRNA-nearby-target DEmRNA pairs were obtained. Ten DElncRNAs and six DEmRNAs has great diagnostic value for LSCC. HOXB9 has potential prognostic value for LSCC. The results of GSE84957 validation were generally consistent with our results. Conclusion Our study provided clues for understanding the mechanism and developing potential biomarkers for LSCC.

Published
2019

30. 'The screen shows movement – movement is interesting!' exploring effects of multimedia stories on preschool children’s story comprehension and enjoyment

Author

Ssu-Han Chen and Hui-Yun Sung

Subjects
Multimedia, business.industry, Reading motivation, media_common.quotation_subject, 05 social sciences, 050301 education, Library and Information Sciences, computer.software_genre, Affect (psychology), Motion (physics), Digital media, Content analysis, Reading (process), 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Generalizability theory, Haptic perception, business, Psychology, 0503 education, computer, 050104 developmental & child psychology, Information Systems, media_common
Abstract

Purpose Using multimedia and print storybooks, the purpose of this paper is to compare preschool children’s reading engagement with and without adult support. Design/methodology/approach A within-subject design is used to explore the effects of multimedia stories in supporting preschool children’s story comprehension and reading enjoyment. A total of 24 children aged five to six years old from a local preschool in Taiwan participated in the experiments. Findings A statistical analysis revealed the (non)differences in story comprehension between multimedia and print storybooks, with and without adult support. A content analysis revealed several important themes affecting children’s reading enjoyment. These included multimedia elements (particularly motion and sound effects), haptic perception and the pause function. Research limitations/implications Native Chinese speaking children participated in one-to-one sessions in Taiwan. To ascertain the generalizability of the findings presented in this study, further research is encouraged in other cultural contexts and settings. Practical implications The paper provides insights into how multimedia and interactive features affect and enhance children’s enjoyment. Recommendations are made to assist library professionals to incorporate digital media into children’s programs. Originality/value Children’s reading motivation and engagement are often linked with improved reading attainments. This study elicited a range of perspectives and themes relating to what the children themselves felt influenced their enjoyment when reading print or multimedia storybooks. Findings were analyzed in a theoretical framework of facets of engagement.

Published
2019

32. Muscle‐bone crosstalk and potential therapies for sarco‐osteoporosis

Author

Hui Yun Xu, Guobin Li, Peng Shang, Dong En Wang, Jean X. Jiang, Luban AIQudsy, and Lan Zhang

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Aging, Osteocalcin, Osteoporosis, Muscle Proteins, Myostatin, Fibroblast growth factor, Bioinformatics, Biochemistry, Bone and Bones, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Myokine, medicine, Humans, Nervous System Physiological Phenomena, Muscle, Skeletal, Molecular Biology, biology, business.industry, Cell Biology, medicine.disease, Circadian Rhythm, Fibroblast Growth Factor-23, Crosstalk (biology), 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Sarcopenia, biology.protein, Sclerostin, business, Protein Binding, Signal Transduction, Transforming growth factor
Abstract

The nature of muscle-bone crosstalk has been historically considered to be only mechanical, where the muscle is the load applier while bone provides the attachment sites. However, this dogma has been challenged with the emerging notion that bone and muscle act as secretory endocrine organs affect the function of each other. Biochemical crosstalk occurs through myokines such as myostatin, irisin, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-7, IL-15, insulin-like growth factor-1, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2, and β-aminoisobutyric acid and through bone-derived factors including FGF23, prostaglandin E(2), transforming growth factor β, osteocalcin, and sclerostin. Aside from the biochemical and mechanical interaction, additional factors including aging, circadian rhythm, nervous system network, nutrition intake, and exosomes also have effects on bone-muscle crosstalk. Here, we summarize the current research progress in the area, which may be conductive to identify potential novel therapies for the osteoporosis and sarcopenia, especially when they develop in parallel.

Published
2019

33. The Clinical Benefit of Device Therapy for Meniere’s Disease in Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Chao Zhang, Jie Luo, Yang-Yang Yao, Shu Jia Wang, Hong Yang, Lu-Lu Lin, and Hui-Yun Gu

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Visual Analog Scale, Cochrane Library, Internal medicine, Vertigo, medicine, Humans, Meniere Disease, Aged, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, biology, business.industry, General Medicine, Publication bias, Middle Aged, lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, lcsh:RF1-547, Audiometry, Evoked Response, Clinical trial, Cross-Sectional Studies, Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing level, Case-Control Studies, Ear, Inner, Meta-analysis, Original Article, Female, Sick Leave, business, Transtympanic Micropressure Treatment, Cohort study, Meniere's disease
Abstract

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the clinical benefit of device therapy on controlling the symptoms of Meniere’s disease (MD). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang Data before January 13, 2018. We selected randomized controlled clinical trials, case-controlled studies, and cohort studies that dealt with outcomes of device therapy for the treatment of MD. RESULTS: Sixteen trials met our inclusion criteria. The use of device therapy resulted in improved vertigo control, which was described as a reduction in the number of vertigo days by month (weighted mean difference [WMD]: 3.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.00–4.31), in the number of vertigo episodes by month (WMD: 7.37, 95% CI: 2.40–12.35), and in the vertigo visual analog score (WMD: 41.51, 95% CI: 34.68–48.34). In addition, the overall complete vertigo control (class A) rate was 50% (95% CI: 37%–64%). The device therapy also reduced the number of sick days by month (WMD: 4.56, 95% CI: 2.15–6.97), and the functional level improved (WMD: 2.66, 95% CI: 2.15–3.17). The electrocochleographic parameters decreased. The device therapy proved beneficial for hearing changes (WMD: 3.19, 95% CI: 0.66–5.71). No publication bias was found in the funnel plot and the results of Egger’s test. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the device therapy might reduce vertigo attacks and sick days in patients with MD. Additionally, the function level and hearing level may improve after the device therapy. In addition, the decrease in electrocochleographic parameters showed that inner ear electrophysiology improved after device therapy.

Published
2019

34. Prognostic and predictive value of a microRNA signature in adults with T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma

Author

Bing Liao, Xiao Dong Chen, Juan Li, Liang Wang, Wei Dong, Xia Gu, Qi Sun, Wen Jun He, Tong Yu Lin, Xi Zhang, Qing Qing Cai, Mei Yin Zhang, Qiong Li Zhai, Hui Qiang Huang, Xiang Ling Meng, Ying Zhou, Zhi Gang Zhu, Yi Rong Jiang, Xiao Peng Tian, Mei Li, Yan Hui Liu, Zhong Jun Xia, Hui Liu, Kun Ru, Fen Zhang, Yong Zhu, Cheng Lei Wu, Zhihua Li, Wei Sang, Wei Juan Huang, Li Ye Zhong, Hui Lan Rao, Chang Lu Hu, Yue Rong Shuang, Dan Xie, Run Fen Cheng, Qiao Nan Guo, Chun Kui Shao, Xi Na Lin, Li Liang, Jun Rao, Fang Liu, Hong Yi Gao, Cai Sun, Kun Yi, Qiong Liang, Qiong Lan Tang, Hui Yun Wang, Ying Zhang, and Xiao Liang Lan

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Microarray, T-Lymphocytes, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Lower risk, Disease-Free Survival, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Text mining, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Proportional Hazards Models, business.industry, Proportional hazards model, Remission Induction, Hazard ratio, Lymphoblastic lymphoma, Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Hematology, Middle Aged, Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma, Prognosis, medicine.disease, Transplantation, MicroRNAs, Haematopoiesis, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Female, business
Abstract

New prognostic factors are needed to establish indications for haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in first complete remission (CR1) for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LBL) patients. We used microarray to compare T-LBL tissue samples (n = 75) and fetal thymus tissues (n = 20), and identified 35 differentially expressed miRNAs. Using 107 subjects as the training group, we developed a five-miRNA-based classifier to predict patient survival with LASSO Cox regression: lower risk was associated with better prognosis (disease-free survival (DFS): hazard ratio (HR) 4.548, 95% CI 2.433–8.499, p

Published
2019

35. Regulating advance decision-making: potential and challenges for Malaysia

Author

Hui Yun Chan

Subjects
Health (social science), media_common.quotation_subject, Population, Legislation, Medical law, Patient care, Advance directives, Health administration, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Statutory law, Political science, Health care, 050602 political science & public administration, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Autonomy, media_common, education.field_of_study, Original Paper, business.industry, Health Policy, 05 social sciences, Malaysia, Bioethics, Public relations, 0506 political science, Philosophy, business, Decision-making
Abstract

The right to refuse treatment is generally accepted in the legal and bioethics discourses; however, the use of advance directives remains contentious. Some jurisdictions have introduced statutory frameworks to govern the creation and implementation of advance directives, underpinned primarily by the recognition of respect for personal autonomy. Although there are no legislation and judicial decisions on advance decision-making in Malaysia, the considered view is that healthcare practitioners perceived its utility in managing patient care. This paper examines the potential and challenges of applying a statutory framework in Malaysia, drawing from relevant regulatory examples. It argues for greater public awareness within the healthcare discourse and knowledge dissemination regarding the availability, usage and clinical guidance on advance decision-making. The main conclusion drawn from this exploratory analysis is that further understanding of and education about advance decision-making within the population and healthcare practitioners should precede the implementation of a statutory regime in Malaysia.

Published
2019

37. A simplified multi-layered finite element model for flexible pipes

Author

Beom-Seon Jang, Ran-Hui Yun, and Dong-Hyun Yoo

Subjects
Materials science, Armour, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Numerical analysis, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Stiffness, 020101 civil engineering, Ocean Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Finite element method, 0201 civil engineering, Nonlinear system, Buckling, Mechanics of Materials, Bending stiffness, Ultimate tensile strength, medicine, General Materials Science, medicine.symptom, business, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering
Abstract

A flexible pipe connects offshore platforms to the flowlines and transport gas and oil. It may experience axial compression due to the reversed end cap effect during installation. This can trigger radial buckling or lateral buckling of tensile armor layers. The ultimate strength assessment of the flexible pipe is complicated and time-consuming due to material nonlinearity, large deformation, and nonlinear contact mechanism. These difficulties make the nonlinear analyses difficult to converge. This paper proposes a simplified 5-layered model which can improve the convergence without deteriorating the accuracy. Analytical methods are suggested to determine an equivalent layer to replace inner four layers. In addition, the factor of penetration tolerance (FTOL) of shell element layers needs to reflect the thinning of polymer layers, which makes the axial stiffness equal to the solid element model. Analytical methods are used to determine the factor and a stepwise increasing approach is applied in a numerical analysis. The 5-layered model with the stepwise FTOL application is verified by comparing with 8-layered model, analytical model and experiment results with respect to axial and bending stiffness. The model is used for an ultimate strength assessment, the failure mechanism and the interaction between layers are investigated in detail with incremental loading.

Published
2019

38. Efficacy and safety of nimotuzumab in addition to radiotherapy and temozolomide for cerebral glioblastoma: a phase II multicenter clinical trial

Author

Zhi Qiang Wang, Xi Cheng Wang, Patricia Piedra, Hui-Yun Wang, Shao-xiong Wu, Fang Fang Chen, Lin Bo Cai, Mei Ling Deng, Jun Lin, Xian Ming Li, Xiao Jing Du, Zhong Ping Chen, Hong Hong Zhang, Xiao Lin Pang, Si Yang Wang, Jian Cong Sun, and Fu Rong Chen

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Oncology, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, temozolomide, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, O (6)-methylquanine DNA methyl-tranferase (MGMT), Internal medicine, Medicine, Nimotuzumab, Epidermal growth factor receptor, radiotherapy, Chemotherapy, Temozolomide, biology, nimotuzumab, business.industry, Standard treatment, glioblastoma, Clinical trial, Radiation therapy, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Concomitant, biology.protein, epidermal growth factor receptor, business, Research Paper, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Nimotuzumab is a humanized anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) antibody that has shown preclinical and clinical anticancer activity in cerebral glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). We conducted a phase II, single-arm, multicenter clinical trial to evaluate the benefit of adding nimotuzumab to current standard chemo-radiotherapy for patients with GBM with positive EGFR expression. Methods: Newly diagnosed patients with histologically proven single supratentorial GBM and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) positive expressions were recruited. All patients were treated with nimotuzumab, administered once a week intravenously for 6 weeks in addition to radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide after surgery. The primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary objectives included objective response rate (ORR) and toxicity. Results: A total of 39 patients were enrolled and 36 patients were evaluated for efficacy. The ORR at the end of RT was 72.2%. Median OS and PFS were 24.5 and 11.9 months. The 1-year OS and PFS rates were 83.3% and 49.3%. The 2-year OS and PFS rates were 51.1% and 29.0%. O (6)-methylquanine DNA methyl-tranferase (MGMT) expression is known to affect the efficacy of chemotherapy and status of its expression is examined. No significant correlation between treatment outcomes and MGMT status was found. Most frequent treatment-related toxicities were mild to moderate and included constipation, anorexia, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and leucopenia. Conclusions: Our study show that nimotuzumab in addition to standard treatment is well tolerable and has increased survival in newly diagnosed GBM patients with EGFR positive expression.

Published
2019

39. Refusing Treatment Prior to Becoming Incapacitated: Supported Decision-making as an Approach in Advance Directives

Author

Hui Yun Chan

Subjects
Health professionals, business.industry, Health Policy, media_common.quotation_subject, Presumption, Internet privacy, Making-of, Normative, Health law, business, Psychology, Law, Social psychology, Autonomy, media_common
Abstract

Advance directives (ads) provide people with the opportunity to express their wishes about treatment preferences prior to becoming incapacitated. While the normative logic behind ads remain straightforward, as instruments of law they are not always effective because of questions about their validity and applicability. It is on this basis that this article attempts to resolve the legal intricacies on ads refusing treatment prior to becoming incapacitated. The author advances a thesis in support of a modification of an approach known as supported decision-making to facilitate people in making ads. This approach pre-empts most of the doubts about an ad’s validity. The argument is founded on the presumption that an ad made using the supported decision-making approach provides a higher degree of assurance about the circumstances surrounding the making of ads, rendering it more likely to be binding on healthcare professionals.

Published
2018

40. Impact of enhanced recovery after surgery on postoperative recovery after joint arthroplasty: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Hui-Yun Gu, Qiong Zhang, Wu-ya Peng, Qi-Feng Deng, Chao Zhang, Yun-Xiang Yu, and Zheng-Dong Huang

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Joint replacement, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, medicine.medical_treatment, Knee replacement, Blood Component Transfusion, Patient Readmission, 03 medical and health sciences, Postoperative Complications, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, Range of Motion, Articular, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Postoperative Care, 030222 orthopedics, business.industry, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Postoperative complication, Recovery of Function, General Medicine, Length of Stay, Meta-analysis, Relative risk, business, Cohort study
Abstract

Study design Systematic review with meta-analysis. Objectives To evaluate the effects of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) on the postoperative recovery of patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty (THA) or total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods The PubMed, Embase, Cochrane and ISI Web of Science databases were searched to identify literature including randomised controlled trials (RCTs), cohort studies and case–control studies through 2 May 2018. The analysed outcomes were mortality rate, transfusion rate, range of motion (ROM), 30-day readmission rate, postoperative complication rate and in-hospital length of stay (LOS). Results A total of 25 studies involving 16 699 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with conventional care, ERAS was associated with a significant decrease in mortality rate (relative risk (RR) 0.48, 95% CI 0.27 to 0.85), transfusion rate (RR 0.43, 95% CI 0.37 to 0.51), complication rate (RR 0.74, 95% CI 0.62 to 0.87) and LOS (mean difference (MD) −2.03, 95% CI −2.64 to −1.42) among all included trials. However, no significant difference was found in ROM (MD 7.53, 95% CI −2.16 to 17.23) and 30-day readmission rate (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.56 to 1.30). There was no significant difference in complications of TKA (RR 0.84, 95% CI 0.34 to 2.06) and transfusion rate in RCTs (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.88) between the ERAS group and the control group. Conclusions This meta-analysis showed that ERAS significantly reduced the mortality rate, transfusion rate, incidence of complications and LOS of patients undergoing TKA or THA. However, ERAS did not show a significant impact on ROM and 30-day readmission rate. Complications after hip replacement are less than those of knee replacement, and the young patients recover better. Level of evidence Level 1.

Published
2018

41. Sorafenib and Carfilzomib Synergistically Inhibit the Proliferation, Survival, and Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

Author

Chao Jiang, Rui Xu, Xiao Xing Li, Hui-Yun Wang, Xiao Yi Xu, Yu-Feng Zhou, Yang Yang, and X. F.Steven Zheng

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Sorafenib, Cancer Research, Carcinoma, Hepatocellular, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, Cell Survival, Mice, Nude, Apoptosis, Article, Metastasis, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Cell Movement, Cell Line, Tumor, medicine, Carcinoma, Animals, Humans, Neoplasm Invasiveness, Neoplasm Metastasis, neoplasms, Survival rate, Cell Proliferation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, business.industry, Liver Neoplasms, Drug Synergism, Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress, medicine.disease, Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays, Carfilzomib, digestive system diseases, 030104 developmental biology, Oncology, chemistry, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Cancer research, Proteasome inhibitor, Female, Liver cancer, business, Oligopeptides, Signal Transduction, medicine.drug
Abstract

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common and deadly human cancers. The 5-year survival rate is very low. Unfortunately, there are few efficacious therapeutic options. Until recently, Sorafenib has been the only available systemic drug for advanced HCC. However, it has very limited survival benefits, and new therapies are urgently needed. In this study, we investigated the anti-HCC activity of carfilzomib, a second-generation, irreversible proteasome inhibitor, as a single agent and in combination with sorafenib. In vitro, we found that carfilzomib has moderate anticancer activity toward liver cancer cells, but strongly enhances the ability of sorafenib to suppress HCC cell growth, proliferation, migration, invasion, and survival. Remarkably, the drug combination exhibits even more potent antitumor activity when tested in animal tumor models. Mechanistically, the combined treatment activates caspase-dependent and endoplasmic reticulum stress/CHOP-mediated apoptotic pathways, and suppresses epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the combination of carfilzomib and sorafenib has synergistic antitumor activities against HCC, providing a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the mortality and morbidity of HCC patients.

Published
2018

42. Sonographic Measurement of Visceral Fat and Prediction of Metabolic Syndrome in the Elderly

Author

Chih-Jen Chen, Ming-Jen Chen, Ching-Wei Chang, Hui-Yun Cheng, Chen-Wang Chang, and Chien-Yuan Hung

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Receiver operating characteristic, business.industry, Fatty liver, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Mean age, lcsh:Geriatrics, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Anthropometry, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, lcsh:RC952-954.6, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood pressure, Health evaluation, Internal medicine, medicine, Geriatrics and Gerontology, Metabolic syndrome, business, Visceral fat
Abstract

Summary: Background: Visceral fat is considered important in the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MS). Here, we developed a novel method for determining visceral fat by measuring liver–kidney space (LKS) on abdominal sonography and expanded its utilization in the elderly to predict MS. Methods: To assess the correlation between the LKS and MS, 317 consecutive outpatients scheduled for health evaluation were retrospective analyzed. Anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose levels, and lipid profiles were obtained following standard protocols. On sonography, the thickness of visceral fat between the liver and right kidney was measured. We also compared its accuracy to predict MS with sonographic fatty liver changes. A total of 72 elderly patients older than 65 years were evaluated (mean age: 66.02 [65–83]). Results: In the current study, LKS = 4 mm enabled a better prediction of MS. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.626. The sensitivity and specificity for the presence of visceral fat to predict MS in the elderly were 0.58 and 0.73, respectively. The accuracy to predict MS was 68.1% for the measurement of visceral fat compared with 59.6% for sonographic fatty liver change in the elderly. Conclusion: Measuring LKS by sonography may be a practical method for evaluating visceral fat in the elderly and for predicting MS better than sonographic fatty liver changes. LKS was more associated with abdominal girth and BMI in the elderly from the study supporting the observation that LKS are well correlated with general adiposity. Keywords: obesity, body mass index, metabolic syndrome, sonography, visceral fat

Published
2018

43. ACUTE NONCARDIOGENIC PULMONARY EDEMA FOLLOWING NEOSTIGMINE ADMINISTRATION IN THE ENDOTRACHEAL INTUBATION STATE AFTER TONSILLECTOMY

Author

Suran Yu, Changrock Kna, So Hui Yun, Woo Jin Cho, and Seung Eun Song

Subjects
business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, Anesthesia, medicine, Endotracheal intubation, Pulmonary edema, medicine.disease, business, Neostigmine, medicine.drug, Tonsillectomy
Abstract

Acute pulmonary edema during the perioperative period can have various causes. A 20-year-old woman was admitted for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy. She had nasal congestion for 2 months, chronic sinusitis with polyps, and diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia. A biopsy and peripheral blood smear were performed to rule out a lymphoma before surgery. We injected neostigmine 1.5 mg and glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg at the end of the surgery. Two minutes later, the secretion and peak airway pressure increased as well as the CO2 levels. The patient remained sedated and suctioning continued for approximately 20 min before extubation. The secretions reduced and there was an improvement in clinical symptoms as the pinkish foamy pattern became whitish. Presumed treatment of neostigmine hypersensitivity or surgery can be used to resolve perioperative chronic partial airway obstruction.

Published
2021

44. Reciprocal Trust as an Ethical Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author

Hui Yun Chan

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Health (social science), education, Population, Medical law, Population health, Reciprocal trust, Political science, Pandemic, medicine, Trustworthiness, Original Paper, Public health, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Health Policy, COVID-19, Bioethics, Public relations, Ethical practice, Philosophy, Infectious disease (medical specialty), business, Reciprocal
Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has generated a range of responses from countries across the globe in managing and containing infections. Considerable research has highlighted the importance of trust in ethically and effectively managing infectious diseases in the population; however, considerations of reciprocal trust remain limited in debates on pandemic response. This paper aims to broaden the perspective of good ethical practices in managing an infectious disease outbreak by including the role of reciprocal trust. A synthesis of the approaches drawn from South Korea and Taiwan reveals reciprocal trust as an important ethical response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Reciprocal trust offers the opportunity to reconcile the difficulties arising from restrictive measures for protecting population health and individual rights.

Published
2021

45. Comparison of Postnatal Growth Charts of Singleton Preterm and Term Infants Using World Health Organization Standards at 40–160 Weeks Postmenstrual Age: A Chinese Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study

Author

Xiang-Deng Cheng, Nan-Nan Gao, Qiong Wu, Hui-Juan Liu, Jin Sun, Li Zhang, Jian-Gong Lin, Yuan Cao, Yan Li, Hui-Yun Zhang, and Shuang Liang

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, postnatal growth, Single Center, World health, WHO standards, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, term infants, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, preterm infants, Postnatal growth, growth charts, Original Research, business.industry, Singleton, Postmenstrual Age, lcsh:RJ1-570, Retrospective cohort study, lcsh:Pediatrics, Term (time), Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, growth assessment, business, singleton, Body mass index
Abstract

There remains controversy regarding whether the growth charts constructed from data of term infants, such as those produced by the World Health Organization (WHO) standards, can appropriately evaluate the postnatal growth of preterm infants. This retrospective cohort study, conducted in the First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University in Jinan China, aimed to compare the postnatal growth charts of singleton preterm and term infants using WHO standards at 40–160 weeks postmenstrual age (PMA). A total of 5,459 and 15,185 sets of longitudinal measurements [length/height, weight, head circumference (HC), and body mass index (BMI)] from birth to 160 weeks PMA were used to construct growth charts for 559 singleton preterm (mean PMA at birth, 33.84 weeks) and 1,596 singleton term infants (born at 40 weeks PMA), respectively, using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale, and Shape (GAMLSS) method. Z-scores (prematurity corrected) were calculated using WHO Anthro software. Compared to WHO standards, all parameters of preterm infants were increased, especially in terms of length/height and weight; the gap between the two almost spanned two adjacent centile curves. Compared to term controls, the length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants were higher at 40 weeks PMA, surpassed by term infants at 52–64 weeks PMA, and quite consistent thereafter. The HC of preterm infants at 40–160 weeks PMA was quite consistent with both term controls and the WHO standards. The Z-scores for length/height, weight, and BMI of preterm infants relative to the WHO standards gradually decreased from 1.20, 1.13, and 0.74 at 40–44 weeks PMA to 0.67, 0.42, and 0.03 at 132–160 weeks PMA, respectively; Z-scores for HC of preterm infants rapidly decreased from 0.73 to 0.29 at 40–50 weeks PMA, and then fluctuated in the range of 0.08–0.23 at 50–160 weeks PMA. Preterm infants had higher growth trajectories than the WHO standards and similar but not identical trajectories to term infants during the first 2 years of life. These findings reemphasize the necessity of constructing local growth charts for Chinese singleton preterm infants.

Published
2021

46. Improved Overall Survival Associated With Decreased Distant Metastasis Following Asparaginase-Based Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy for Intermediate- and High-Risk Early-Stage Extranodal Nasal-Type NK/T-Cell Lymphoma

Author

Tangchun Wu, S.Y. Zhu, Q.Z. Zhong, Xiaorong Hou, Huiqiang Huang, Y.X. Li, Li Ming Xu, Xiaohui He, X. Zheng, Yi-Zhun Zhu, M. Shi, Liling Zhang, Xue Ying Qiao, Yujing Zhang, H. Su, Yu Wang, Jun Zhu, Yunjiao Yang, Liting Qian, Yu Qin Song, Hui Yun Wang, J.Z. Cao, Baolin Qu, S N Qi, and J.X. Wu

Subjects
Oncology, Cancer Research, medicine.medical_specialty, Chemotherapy, Asparaginase, Radiation, business.industry, medicine.medical_treatment, medicine.disease, Gemcitabine, Lymphoma, Radiation therapy, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Internal medicine, Cohort, medicine, T-cell lymphoma, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Stage (cooking), business, medicine.drug
Abstract

Purpose/Objective(s) This study evaluated the survival benefit of asparaginase (ASP)-based versus non-ASP-based regimens in a real-world cohort of patients with early-stage extranodal nasal-type NK/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTCL). Materials/Methods In the modern era, we identified 376 patients who received combined radiotherapy with either ASP-based (asparaginase, platinum and gemcitabine, n = 286) or non-ASP-based (platinum and gemcitabine, n = 90) regimens. The patients were stratified into low-, intermediate- and high-risk groups using the early stage-adjusted nomogram-revised risk index (ES-NRI). Overall survival (OS) and distant metastasis (DM)-free survival (DMFS) between the chemotherapy regimens were compared using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and multivariable analyses. Results ASP-based (versus non-ASP-based) regimens significantly improved 5-year OS (84.5% vs. 73.2%, P = 0.021) and DMFS (84.4% vs. 74.5%, P = 0.014) for intermediate- and high-risk patients, but not for low-risk patients. Moreover, ASP-based regimens decreased DM, with 5-year cumulative DM rate of 14.9% for ASP-based regimens compared with 25.1% (P = 0.014) for non-ASP-based regimens. The survival benefit of ASP-based regimens remained consistent after adjusting the confounding variables by IPTW and multivariate analyses. Additional sensitivity analyses confirmed these results. Conclusion These findings provide an evidence supporting ASP-based regimens as a first-line combined-modality treatment for intermediate- and high-risk early-stage ENKTCL.

Published
2021

48. Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1

Author

Klionsky, Daniel, Abdel-Aziz, Amal Kamal, Abdelfatah, Sara, Abdellatif, Mahmoud, Abdoli, Asghar, Abel, Steffen, Abeliovich, Hagai, Abildgaard, Marie, Abudu, Yakubu Princely, Acevedo-Arozena, Abraham, Adamopoulos, Iannis, Adeli, Khosrow, Adolph, Timon, Adornetto, Annagrazia, Aflaki, Elma, Agam, Galila, Agarwal, Anupam, Aggarwal, Bharat, Agnello, Maria, Agostinis, Patrizia, Agrewala, Javed, Agrotis, Alexander, Aguilar, Patricia, Ahmad, S Tariq, Ahmed, Zubair, Ahumada-Castro, Ulises, Aits, Sonja, Aizawa, Shu, Akkoc, Yunus, Akoumianaki, Tonia, Akpinar, Hafize Aysin, Al-Abd, Ahmed, Al-Akra, Lina, Al-Gharaibeh, Abeer, Alaoui-Jamali, Moulay, Alberti, Simon, Alcocer-Gómez, Elísabet, Alessandri, Cristiano, Ali, Muhammad, Alim Al-Bari, M Abdul, Aliwaini, Saeb, Alizadeh, Javad, Almacellas, Eugènia, Almasan, Alexandru, Alonso, Alicia, Alonso, Guillermo, Altan-Bonnet, Nihal, Altieri, Dario, Álvarez, Élida, Alves, Sara, Alves Da Costa, Cristine, Alzaharna, Mazen, Amadio, Marialaura, Amantini, Consuelo, Amaral, Cristina, Ambrosio, Susanna, Amer, Amal, Ammanathan, Veena, An, Zhenyi, Andersen, Stig, Andrabi, Shaida, Andrade-Silva, Magaiver, Andres, Allen, Angelini, Sabrina, Ann, David, Anozie, Uche, Ansari, Mohammad, Antas, Pedro, Antebi, Adam, Antón, Zuriñe, Anwar, Tahira, Apetoh, Lionel, Apostolova, Nadezda, Araki, Toshiyuki, Araki, Yasuhiro, Arasaki, Kohei, Araújo, Wagner, Araya, Jun, Arden, Catherine, Arévalo, Maria-Angeles, Arguelles, Sandro, Arias, Esperanza, Arikkath, Jyothi, Arimoto, Hirokazu, Ariosa, Aileen, Armstrong-James, Darius, Arnauné-Pelloquin, Laetitia, Aroca, Angeles, Arroyo, Daniela, Arsov, Ivica, Artero, Rubén, Asaro, Dalia Maria Lucia, Aschner, Michael, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Ashur-Fabian, Osnat, Atanasov, Atanas, Au, Alicia, Auberger, Patrick, Auner, Holger, Aurelian, Laure, Autelli, Riccardo, Avagliano, Laura, Ávalos, Yenniffer, Aveic, Sanja, Aveleira, Célia Alexandra, Avin-Wittenberg, Tamar, Aydin, Yucel, Ayton, Scott, Ayyadevara, Srinivas, Azzopardi, Maria, Baba, Misuzu, Backer, Jonathan, Backues, Steven, Bae, Dong-Hun, Bae, Ok-Nam, Bae, Soo Han, Baehrecke, Eric, Baek, Ahruem, Baek, Seung-Hoon, Baek, Sung Hee, Bagetta, Giacinto, Bagniewska-Zadworna, Agnieszka, Bai, Hua, Bai, Jie, Bai, Xiyuan, Bai, Yidong, Bairagi, Nandadulal, Baksi, Shounak, Balbi, Teresa, Baldari, Cosima, Balduini, Walter, Ballabio, Andrea, Ballester, Maria, Balazadeh, Salma, Balzan, Rena, Bandopadhyay, Rina, Banerjee, Sreeparna, Banerjee, Sulagna, Bánréti, Ágnes, Bao, Yan, Baptista, Mauricio, Baracca, Alessandra, Barbati, Cristiana, Bargiela, Ariadna, Barilà, Daniela, Barlow, Peter, Barmada, Sami, Barreiro, Esther, Barreto, George, Bartek, Jiri, Bartel, Bonnie, Bartolome, Alberto, Barve, Gaurav, Basagoudanavar, Suresh, Bassham, Diane, Bast, Robert, Basu, Alakananda, Batoko, Henri, Batten, Isabella, Baulieu, Etienne, Baumgarner, Bradley, Bayry, Jagadeesh, Beale, Rupert, Beau, Isabelle, Beaumatin, Florian, Bechara, Luiz, Beck, George, Beers, Michael, Begun, Jakob, Behrends, Christian, Behrens, Georg, Bei, Roberto, Bejarano, Eloy, Bel, Shai, Behl, Christian, Belaid, Amine, Belgareh-Touzé, Naïma, Bellarosa, Cristina, Belleudi, Francesca, Belló Pérez, Melissa, Bello-Morales, Raquel, Beltran, Jackeline Soares de Oliveira, Beltran, Sebastián, Benbrook, Doris Mangiaracina, Bendorius, Mykolas, Benitez, Bruno, Benito-Cuesta, Irene, Bensalem, Julien, Berchtold, Martin, Berezowska, Sabina, Bergamaschi, Daniele, Bergami, Matteo, Bergmann, Andreas, Berliocchi, Laura, Berlioz-Torrent, Clarisse, Bernard, Amélie, Berthoux, Lionel, Besirli, Cagri, Besteiro, Sebastien, Betin, Virginie, Beyaert, Rudi, Bezbradica, Jelena, Bhaskar, Kiran, Bhatia-Kissova, Ingrid, Bhattacharya, Resham, Bhattacharya, Sujoy, Bhattacharyya, Shalmoli, Bhuiyan, Md Shenuarin, Bhutia, Sujit Kumar, Bi, Lanrong, Bi, Xiaolin, Biden, Trevor, Bijian, Krikor, Billes, Viktor, Binart, Nadine, Bincoletto, Claudia, Birgisdottir, Asa, Bjorkoy, Geir, Blanco, Gonzalo, Blas-Garcia, Ana, Blasiak, Janusz, Blomgran, Robert, Blomgren, Klas, Blum, Janice, Boada-Romero, Emilio, Boban, Mirta, Boesze-Battaglia, Kathleen, Boeuf, Philippe, Boland, Barry, Bomont, Pascale, Bonaldo, Paolo, Bonam, Srinivasa Reddy, Bonfili, Laura, Bonifacino, Juan, Boone, Brian, Bootman, Martin, Bordi, Matteo, Borner, Christoph, Bornhauser, Beat, Borthakur, Gautam, Bosch, Jürgen, Bose, Santanu, botana, luis, Botas, Juan, Boulanger, Chantal, Boulton, Michael, Bourdenx, Mathieu, Bourgeois, Benjamin, Bourke, Nollaig, Bousquet, Guilhem, Boya, Patricia, Bozhkov, Peter, Bozi, Luiz, Bozkurt, Tolga, Brackney, Doug, Brandts, Christian, Braun, Ralf, Braus, Gerhard, Bravo-Sagua, Roberto, Bravo-San Pedro, José, Brest, Patrick, Bringer, Marie-Agnès, Briones-Herrera, Alfredo, Broaddus, V Courtney, Brodersen, Peter, Brodsky, Jeffrey, Brody, Steven, Bronson, Paola, Bronstein, Jeff, Brown, Carolyn, Brown, Rhoderick, Brum, Patricia, Brumell, John, Brunetti-Pierri, Nicola, Bruno, Daniele, Bryson-Richardson, Robert, Bucci, Cecilia, Buchrieser, Carmen, Bueno, Marta, Buitrago-Molina, Laura Elisa, Buraschi, Simone, Buch, Shilpa, Buchan, J Ross, Buckingham, Erin, Budak, Hikmet, Budini, Mauricio, Bultynck, Geert, Burada, Florin, Burgoyne, Joseph, Burón, M Isabel, Bustos, Victor, Büttner, Sabrina, Butturini, Elena, Byrd, Aaron, Cabas, Isabel, Cabrera-Benitez, Sandra, Cadwell, Ken, Cai, Jingjing, Cai, Lu, Cai, Qian, Cairó, Montserrat, Calbet, Jose, Caldwell, Guy, Caldwell, Kim, Call, Jarrod, Calvani, Riccardo, Calvo, Ana, Calvo-Rubio Barrera, Miguel, Camara, Niels OS, Camonis, Jacques, Camougrand, Nadine, Campanella, Michelangelo, Campbell, Edward, Campbell-Valois, François-Xavier, Campello, Silvia, Campesi, Ilaria, Campos, Juliane, Camuzard, Olivier, Cancino, Jorge, Candido de Almeida, Danilo, Canesi, Laura, Caniggia, Isabella, Canonico, Barbara, Cantí, Carles, Cao, Bin, Caraglia, Michele, Caramés, Beatriz, Carchman, Evie, Cardenal-Muñoz, Elena, Cardenas, Cesar, Cardenas, Luis, Cardoso, Sandra, Carew, Jennifer, Carle, Georges, Carleton, Gillian, Carloni, Silvia, Carmona-Gutierrez, Didac, Carneiro, Leticia, Carnevali, Oliana, Carosi, Julian, Carra, Serena, Carrier, Alice, Carrier, Lucie, Carroll, Bernadette, Carter, A Brent, Carvalho, Andreia Neves, Casanova, Magali, Casas, Caty, Casas, Josefina, Cassioli, Chiara, Castillo, Eliseo, Castillo, Karen, Castillo-Lluva, Sonia, Castoldi, Francesca, Castori, Marco, Castro, Ariel, Castro-Caldas, Margarida, Castro-Hernandez, Javier, Castro-Obregon, Susana, Catz, Sergio, Cavadas, Claudia, Cavaliere, Federica, Cavallini, Gabriella, Cavinato, Maria, Cayuela, Maria, Cebollada Rica, Paula, Cecarini, Valentina, Cecconi, Francesco, Cechowska-Pasko, Marzanna, Cenci, Simone, Ceperuelo-Mallafré, Victòria, Cerqueira, João, Cerutti, Janete, Cervia, Davide, Cetintas, Vildan Bozok, Cetrullo, Silvia, Chae, Han-Jung, Chagin, Andrei, Chai, Chee-Yin, Chakrabarti, Gopal, Chakrabarti, Oishee, Chakraborty, Tapas, Chakraborty, Trinad, Chami, mounia, Chamilos, Georgios, Chan, David, Chan, Edmond, Chan, Edward, Chan, H.Y. Edwin, Chan, Helen, Chan, Hung, Chan, Matthew, Chan, Yau Sang, Chandra, Partha, Chang, Chih-Peng, Chang, Chunmei, Chang, Hao-Chun, Chang, Kai, Chao, Jie, Chapman, Tracey, Charlet-Berguerand, Nicolas, Chatterjee, Samrat, Chaube, Shail, Chaudhary, Anu, Chauhan, Santosh, Chaum, Edward, Checler, Frédéric, Cheetham, Michael, Chen, Chang-Shi, Chen, Guang-Chao, Chen, Jian-Fu, Chen, Liam, Chen, Leilei, Chen, Lin, Chen, Mingliang, Chen, Mu-Kuan, Chen, Ning, Chen, Quan, Chen, Ruey-Hwa, Chen, Shi, Chen, Wei, Chen, Weiqiang, Chen, Xin-Ming, Chen, Xiong-Wen, Chen, Xu, Chen, Yan, Chen, Ye-Guang, Chen, Yingyu, Chen, Yongqiang, Chen, Yu-Jen, Chen, Yue-Qin, Chen, Zhefan Stephen, Chen, Zhi, Chen, Zhi-Hua, Chen, Zhijian, Chen, Zhixiang, Cheng, Hanhua, Cheng, Jun, Cheng, Shi-Yuan, Cheng, Wei, Cheng, Xiaodong, Cheng, Xiu-Tang, Cheng, Yiyun, Cheng, Zhiyong, Chen, Zhong, Cheong, Heesun, Cheong, Jit Kong, Chernyak, Boris, Cherry, Sara, Cheung, Chi Fai Randy, Cheung, Chun Hei Antonio, Cheung, King-Ho, Chevet, Eric, Chi, Richard, Chiang, Alan Kwok Shing, Chiaradonna, Ferdinando, Chiarelli, Roberto, Chiariello, Mario, Chica, Nathalia, Chiocca, Susanna, Chiong, Mario, Chiou, Shih-Hwa, Chiramel, Abhilash, Chiurchiù, Valerio, Cho, Dong-Hyung, Choe, Seong-Kyu, Choi, Augustine, Choi, Mary, Choudhury, Kamalika Roy, Chow, Norman, Chu, Charleen, Chua, Jason, Chua, John Jia En, Chung, Hyewon, Chung, Kin Pan, Chung, Seockhoon, Chung, So-Hyang, Chung, Yuen-Li, Cianfanelli, Valentina, Ciechomska, Iwona, Cifuentes, Mariana, Cinque, Laura, Cirak, Sebahattin, Cirone, Mara, Clague, Michael, Clarke, Robert, Clementi, Emilio, Coccia, Eliana, Codogno, Patrice, Cohen, Ehud, Cohen, Mickael, Colasanti, Tania, Colasuonno, Fiorella, Colbert, Robert, Colell, Anna, Čolić, Miodrag, Coll, Nuria, Collins, Mark, Colombo, María, Colón-Ramos, Daniel, Combaret, Lydie, Comincini, Sergio, Cominetti, Márcia, Consiglio, Antonella, Conte, Andrea, Conti, Fabrizio, Contu, Viorica Raluca, Cookson, Mark, Coombs, Kevin, Coppens, Isabelle, Corasaniti, Maria Tiziana, Corkery, Dale, Cordes, Nils, Cortese, Katia, Costa, Maria do Carmo, Costantino, Sarah, Costelli, Paola, Coto-Montes, Ana, Crack, Peter, Crespo, Jose, Criollo, Alfredo, Crippa, Valeria, Cristofani, Riccardo, Csizmadia, Tamas, Cuadrado, Antonio, Cui, Bing, Cui, Jun, Cui, Yixian, Cui, Yong, Culetto, Emmanuel, Cumino, Andrea, Cybulsky, Andrey, Czaja, Mark, Czuczwar, Stanislaw, D'Adamo, Stefania, D'Amelio, Marcello, D'Arcangelo, Daniela, D'Lugos, Andrew, D'Orazi, Gabriella, da Silva, James, Dafsari, Hormos Salimi, Dagda, Ruben, Dagdas, Yasin, Daglia, Maria, Dai, Xiaoxia, Dai, Yun, Dai, Yuyuan, Dal Col, Jessica, Dalhaimer, Paul, Dalla Valle, Luisa, Dallenga, Tobias, Dalmasso, Guillaume, Damme, Markus, Dando, Ilaria, Dantuma, Nico, Darling, April, Das, Hiranmoy, Dasarathy, Srinivasan, Dasari, Santosh, Dash, Srikanta, Daumke, Oliver, Dauphinee, Adrian, Davies, Jeffrey, Dávila, Valeria, Davis, Roger, Davis, Tanja, Dayalan Naidu, Sharadha, De Amicis, Francesca, De Bosscher, Karolien, De Felice, Francesca, De Franceschi, Lucia, De Leonibus, Chiara, de Mattos Barbosa, Mayara, De Meyer, Guido, De Milito, Angelo, De Nunzio, Cosimo, De Palma, Clara, De Santi, Mauro, De Virgilio, Claudio, De Zio, Daniela, Debnath, Jayanta, DeBosch, Brian, Decuypere, Jean-Paul, Deehan, Mark, Deflorian, Gianluca, DeGregori, James, Dehay, Benjamin, Del Rio, Gabriel, Delaney, Joe, Delbridge, Lea, Delorme-Axford, Elizabeth, Delpino, M Victoria, Demarchi, Francesca, Dembitz, Vilma, Demers, Nicholas, Deng, Hongbin, Deng, Zhiqiang, Dengjel, Joern, Dent, Paul, Denton, Donna, DePamphilis, Melvin, Der, Channing, Deretic, Vojo, Descoteaux, Albert, Devis, Laura, Devkota, Sushil, Devuyst, Olivier, Dewson, Grant, Dharmasivam, Mahendiran, Dhiman, Rohan, di Bernardo, Diego, Di Cristina, Manlio, Di Domenico, Fabio, Di Fazio, Pietro, Di Fonzo, Alessio, Di Guardo, Giovanni, Di Guglielmo, Gianni, Di Leo, Luca, Di Malta, Chiara, Di Nardo, Alessia, Di Rienzo, Martina, Di Sano, Federica, Diallinas, George, Diao, Jiajie, Diaz-Araya, Guillermo, Díaz-Laviada, Inés, Dickinson, Jared, Diederich, Marc, Dieudé, Mélanie, Dikic, Ivan, Ding, Shiping, Ding, Wen-Xing, Dini, Luciana, Dinić, Jelena, Dinic, Miroslav, Dinkova-Kostova, Albena, Dionne, Marc, Distler, Jörg, Diwan, Abhinav, Dixon, Ian, Djavaheri-Mergny, Mojgan, Dobrinski, Ina, Dobrovinskaya, Oxana, Dobrowolski, Radek, Dobson, Renwick, Đokić, Jelena, Dokmeci Emre, Serap, Donadelli, Massimo, Dong, Bo, Dong, Xiaonan, Dong, Zhiwu, Dorn Ii, Gerald, Dotsch, Volker, Dou, Huan, Dou, Juan, Dowaidar, Moataz, Dridi, Sami, Drucker, Liat, Du, Ailian, Du, Caigan, Du, Guangwei, Du, Hai-Ning, Du, Li-Lin, du Toit, André, Duan, Shao-Bin, Duan, Xiaoqiong, Duarte, Sónia, Dubrovska, Anna, Dunlop, Elaine, Dupont, Nicolas, Durán, Raúl, Dwarakanath, Bilikere, Dyshlovoy, Sergey, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Darius, Eckhart, Leopold, Edelstein, Charles, Efferth, Thomas, Eftekharpour, Eftekhar, Eichinger, Ludwig, Eid, Nabil, Eisenberg, Tobias, Eissa, N Tony, Eissa, Sanaa, Ejarque, Miriam, El Andaloussi, Abdeljabar, El-Hage, Nazira, El-Naggar, Shahenda, Eleuteri, Anna Maria, El-Shafey, Eman, Elgendy, Mohamed, Eliopoulos, Aristides, Elizalde, María, Elks, Philip, Elsasser, Hans-Peter, Elsherbiny, Eslam, Emerling, Brooke, Emre, N., Eng, Christina, Engedal, Nikolai, Engelbrecht, Anna-Mart, Engelsen, Agnete, Enserink, Jorrit, Escalante, Ricardo, Esclatine, Audrey, Escobar-Henriques, Mafalda, Eskelinen, Eeva-Liisa, Espert, Lucile, Eusebio, Makandjou-Ola, Fabrias, Gemma, Fabrizi, Cinzia, Facchiano, Antonio, Facchiano, Francesco, Fadeel, Bengt, Fader, Claudio, Faesen, Alex, Fairlie, W Douglas, Falcó, Alberto, Falkenburger, Bjorn, Fan, Daping, Fan, Jie, Fan, Yanbo, Fang, Evandro, Fang, Yanshan, Fang, Yognqi, Fanto, Manolis, Farfel-Becker, Tamar, Faure, Mathias, Fazeli, Gholamreza, Fedele, Anthony, Feldman, Arthur, Feng, Du, Feng, Jiachun, Feng, Lifeng, Feng, Yibin, Feng, Yuchen, Feng, Wei, Fenz Araujo, Thais, Ferguson, Thomas, Fernández, Álvaro, Fernandez-Checa, Jose, Fernández-Veledo, Sonia, Fernie, Alisdair, Ferrante, Anthony, Ferraresi, Alessandra, Ferrari, Merari, Ferreira, Julio, Ferro-Novick, Susan, Figueras, Antonio, Filadi, Riccardo, Filigheddu, Nicoletta, Filippi-Chiela, Eduardo, Filomeni, Giuseppe, Fimia, Gian Maria, Fineschi, Vittorio, Finetti, Francesca, Finkbeiner, Steven, Fisher, Edward, Fisher, Paul, Flamigni, Flavio, Fliesler, Steven, Flo, Trude, Florance, Ida, Florey, Oliver, Florio, Tullio, Fodor, Erika, Follo, Carlo, Fon, Edward, Forlino, Antonella, Fornai, Francesco, Fortini, Paola, Fracassi, Anna, Fraldi, Alessandro, Franco, Brunella, Franco, Rodrigo, Franconi, Flavia, Frankel, Lisa, Friedman, Scott, Fröhlich, Leopold, Frühbeck, Gema, Fuentes, Jose, Fujiki, Yukio, Fujita, Naonobu, Fujiwara, Yuuki, Fukuda, Mitsunori, Fulda, Simone, Furic, Luc, Furuya, Norihiko, Fusco, Carmela, Gack, Michaela, Gaffke, Lidia, Galadari, Sehamuddin, Galasso, Alessia, Galindo, Maria, Gallolu Kankanamalage, Sachith, Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Galy, Vincent, Gammoh, Noor, Gan, Boyi, Ganley, Ian, Gao, Feng, Gao, Hui, Gao, Minghui, Gao, Ping, Gao, Shou-Jiang, Gao, Wentao, Gao, Xiaobo, Garcera, Ana, Garcia, Maria Noé, Garcia, Verónica, García-del Portillo, Francisco, Garcia-Escudero, Vega, Garcia-Garcia, Aracely, Garcia-Macia, Marina, García-Moreno, Diana, Garcia-Ruiz, Carmen, García-Sanz, Patricia, Garg, Abhishek, Gargini, Ricardo, Garofalo, Tina, Garry, Robert, Gassen, Nils, Gatica, Damian, Ge, Liang, Ge, Wanzhong, Geiss-Friedlander, Ruth, Gelfi, Cecilia, Genschik, Pascal, Gentle, Ian, Gerbino, Valeria, Gerhardt, Christoph, Germain, Kyla, Germain, Marc, Gewirtz, David, Ghasemipour Afshar, Elham, Ghavami, Saeid, Ghigo, Alessandra, Ghosh, Manosij, Giamas, Georgios, Giampietri, Claudia, Giatromanolaki, Alexandra, Gibson, Gary, Gibson, Spencer, Ginet, Vanessa, Giniger, Edward, Giorgi, Carlotta, Girao, Henrique, Girardin, Stephen, Giridharan, Mridhula, Giuliano, Sandy, Giulivi, Cecilia, Giuriato, Sylvie, Giustiniani, Julien, Gluschko, Alexander, Goder, Veit, Goginashvili, Alexander, Golab, Jakub, Goldstone, David, Golebiewska, Anna, Gomes, Luciana, Gomez, Rodrigo, Gómez-Sánchez, Rubén, Gomez-Puerto, Maria Catalina, Gomez-Sintes, Raquel, Gong, Qingqiu, Goni, Felix, González-Gallego, Javier, Gonzalez-Hernandez, Tomas, Gonzalez-Polo, Rosa, Gonzalez-Reyes, Jose, González-Rodríguez, Patricia, Goping, Ing Swie, Gorbatyuk, Marina, Gorbunov, Nikolai, Görgülü, Kıvanç, Gorojod, Roxana, Gorski, Sharon, Goruppi, Sandro, Gotor, Cecilia, Gottlieb, Roberta, Gozes, Illana, Gozuacik, Devrim, Graef, Martin, Gräler, Markus, Granatiero, Veronica, Grasso, Daniel, Gray, Joshua, Green, Douglas, Greenhough, Alexander, Gregory, Stephen, Griffin, Edward, Grinstaff, Mark, Gros, Frederic, Grose, Charles, Gross, Angelina, Gruber, Florian, Grumati, Paolo, Grune, Tilman, Gu, Xueyan, Guan, Jun-Lin, Guardia, Carlos, Guda, Kishore, Guerra, Flora, Guerri, Consuelo, Guha, Prasun, Guillén, Carlos, Gujar, Shashi, Gukovskaya, Anna, Gukovsky, Ilya, Gunst, Jan, Günther, Andreas, Guntur, Anyonya, Guo, Chuanyong, Guo, Chun, Guo, Hongqing, Guo, Lian-Wang, Guo, Ming, Gupta, Pawan, Gupta, Shashi Kumar, Gupta, Swapnil, Gupta, Veer Bala, Gupta, Vivek, Gustafsson, Asa, Gutterman, David, H B, Ranjitha, Haapasalo, Annakaisa, Haber, James, Hać, Aleksandra, Hadano, Shinji, Hafrén, Anders, Haidar, Mansour, Hall, Belinda, Halldén, Gunnel, Hamacher-Brady, Anne, Hamann, Andrea, Hamasaki, Maho, Han, Weidong, Hansen, Malene, Hanson, Phyllis, Hao, Zijian, Harada, Masaru, Harhaji-Trajkovic, Ljubica, Hariharan, Nirmala, Haroon, Nigil, Harris, James, Hasegawa, Takafumi, Hasima Nagoor, Noor, Haspel, Jeffrey, Haucke, Volker, Hawkins, Wayne, Hay, Bruce, Haynes, Cole, Hayrabedyan, Soren, Hays, Thomas, He, Congcong, He, Qin, He, Rong-Rong, He, You-Wen, He, Yu-Ying, Heakal, Yasser, Heberle, Alexander, Hejtmancik, J Fielding, Helgason, Gudmundur Vignir, Henkel, Vanessa, Herb, Marc, Hergovich, Alexander, Herman-Antosiewicz, Anna, Hernández, Agustín, Hernandez, Carlos, Hernandez-Diaz, Sergio, Hernandez-Gea, Virginia, Herpin, Amaury, Herreros, Judit, Hervás, Javier, Hesselson, Daniel, Hetz, Claudio, Heussler, Volker, Higuchi, Yujiro, Hilfiker, Sabine, Hill, Joseph, Hlavacek, William, Ho, Emmanuel, Ho, Idy, Ho, Philip Wing-Lok, Ho, Shu-Leong, Ho, Wan Yun, Hobbs, G Aaron, Hochstrasser, Mark, Hoet, Peter, Hofius, Daniel, Hofman, Paul, Höhn, Annika, Holmberg, Carina, Hombrebueno, Jose, Yi-Ren Hong, Chang-Won Hong, Hooper, Lora, Hoppe, Thorsten, Horos, Rastislav, Hoshida, Yujin, Hsin, I-Lun, Hsu, Hsin-Yun, Hu, Bing, Hu, Dong, Hu, Li-Fang, Hu, Ming Chang, Hu, Ronggui, Hu, Wei, Hu, Yu-Chen, Hu, Zhuo-Wei, Hua, Fang, Hua, Jinlian, Hua, Yingqi, Huan, Chongmin, Huang, Canhua, Huang, Chuanshu, Huang, Chuanxin, Huang, Chunling, Huang, Haishan, Huang, Kun, Huang, Michael, Huang, Rui, Huang, Shan, Huang, Tianzhi, Huang, Xing, Huang, Yuxiang Jack, Huber, Tobias, Hubert, Virginie, Hubner, Christian, Hughes, Stephanie, Hughes, William, Humbert, Magali, Hummer, Gerhard, Hurley, James, Hussain, Sabah, Hussain, Salik, Hussey, Patrick, Hutabarat, Martina, Hwang, Hui-Yun, Hwang, Seungmin, Ieni, Antonio, Ikeda, Fumiyo, Imagawa, Yusuke, Imai, Yuzuru, Imbriano, Carol, Imoto, Masaya, Inman, Denise, Inoki, Ken, Iovanna, Juan, Iozzo, Renato, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Irazoqui, Javier, Iribarren, Pablo, Ishaq, Mohd, ISHIKAWA, Makoto, Ishimwe, Nestor, Isidoro, Ciro, Ismail, Nahed, Issazadeh-Navikas, Shohreh, Itakura, Eisuke, Ito, Daisuke, Ivankovic, Davor, Ivanova, Saška, Iyer, Anand Krishnan V, Izquierdo, José, Izumi, Masanori, Jäättelä, Marja, Jabir, Majid Sakhi, Jackson, William, Jacobo-Herrera, Nadia, Jacomin, Anne-Claire, Jacquin, Elise, Jadiya, Pooja, Jaeschke, Hartmut, Jagannath, Chinnaswamy, Jakobi, Arjen, Jakobsson, Johan, Janji, Bassam, Jansen-Dürr, Pidder, Jansson, Patric, Jantsch, Jonathan, Januszewski, Sławomir, Jassey, Alagie, Jean, Steve, Jeltsch-David, Hélène, Jendelova, Pavla, Jenny, Andreas, Jensen, Thomas, Jessen, Niels, Jewell, Jenna, Ji, Jing, Jia, Lijun, Jia, Rui, Jiang, Liwen, Jiang, Qing, Jiang, Richeng, Jiang, Teng, Jiang, Xuejun, Jiang, Yu, Jimenez-Sanchez, Maria, Jin, Eun-Jung, Jin, Fengyan, Jin, Hongchuan, Jin, Li, Jin, Luqi, Jin, Meiyan, Jin, Si, Jo, Eun-Kyeong, Joffre, Carine, Johansen, Terje, Johnson, Gail, Johnston, Simon, Jokitalo, Eija, Jolly, Mohit Kumar, Joosten, Leo, Jordan, Joaquin, Joseph, Bertrand, Ju, Dianwen, Ju, Jeong-Sun, Ju, Jingfang, Juárez, Esmeralda, Judith, Delphine, Juhász, Gábor, Jun, Youngsoo, Jung, Chang Hwa, Jung, Sung-Chul, Jung, Yong Keun, Jungbluth, Heinz, Jungverdorben, Johannes, Just, Steffen, Kaarniranta, Kai, Kaasik, Allen, Kabuta, Tomohiro, Kaganovich, Daniel, Kahana, Alon, Kain, Renate, Kajimura, Shinjo, Kalamvoki, Maria, Kalia, Manjula, Kalinowski, Danuta, Kaludercic, Nina, Kalvari, Ioanna, Kaminska, Joanna, Kaminskyy, Vitaliy, Kanamori, Hiromitsu, Kanasaki, Keizo, Kang, Chanhee, Kang, Rui, Kang, Sang Sun, Kaniyappan, Senthilvelrajan, Kanki, Tomotake, Kanneganti, Thirumala-Devi, Kanthasamy, Anumantha, Kanthasamy, Arthi, Kantorow, Marc, Kapuy, Orsolya, Karamouzis, Michalis, Karim, Md Razaul, Karmakar, Parimal, Katare, Rajesh, Kato, Masaru, Kaufmann, Stefan, Kauppinen, Anu, Kaushal, Gur, Kaushik, Susmita, Kawasaki, Kiyoshi, Kazan, Kemal, Ke, Po-Yuan, Keating, Damien, Keber, Ursula, Kehrl, John, Keller, Kate, Keller, Christian, Kemper, Jongsook Kim, Kenific, Candia, Kepp, Oliver, Kermorgant, Stephanie, Kern, Andreas, Ketteler, Robin, Keulers, Tom, Khalfin, Boris, Khalil, Hany, Khambu, Bilon, Khan, Shahid, Khandelwal, Vinoth Kumar Megraj, Khandia, Rekha, Kho, Widuri, Khobrekar, Noopur, Khuansuwan, Sataree, Khundadze, Mukhran, Killackey, Samuel, Kim, Dasol, Kim, Deok Ryong, Kim, Do-Hyung, Kim, Dong-Eun, Kim, Eun Young, Kim, Eun-Kyoung, Kim, Hak-Rim, Kim, Hee-Sik, Kim, Hyung Ryong, Kim, Jeong Hun, Kim, Jin Kyung, Kim, Jin-Hoi, Kim, Joungmok, Kim, Ju Hwan, Kim, Keun Il, Kim, Peter, Kim, Seong-Jun, Kimball, Scot, Kimchi, Adi, Kimmelman, Alec, Kimura, Tomonori, King, Matthew, Kinghorn, Kerri, Kinsey, Conan, Kirkin, Vladimir, Kirshenbaum, Lorrie, Kiselev, Sergey, Kishi, Shuji, Kitamoto, Katsuhiko, Kitaoka, Yasushi, Kitazato, Kaio, Kitsis, Richard, Kittler, Josef, Kjaerulff, Ole, Klein, Peter, Klopstock, Thomas, Klucken, Jochen, Knævelsrud, Helene, Knorr, Roland, Ko, Ben, Ko, Fred, Ko, Jiunn-Liang, Kobayashi, Hotaka, Kobayashi, Satoru, Koch, Ina, Koch, Jan, Koenig, Ulrich, Kögel, Donat, Koh, Young Ho, Koike, Masato, Kohlwein, Sepp, Kocaturk, Nur, Komatsu, Masaaki, König, Jeannette, Kono, Toru, Kopp, Benjamin, Korcsmaros, Tamas, Korkmaz, Gözde, Korolchuk, Viktor, Korsnes, Mónica Suárez, Koskela, Ali, Kota, Janaiah, Kotake, Yaichiro, Kotler, Monica, Kou, Yanjun, Koukourakis, Michael, Koustas, Evangelos, Kovacs, Attila, Kovács, Tibor, Koya, Daisuke, Kozako, Tomohiro, Kraft, Claudine, Krainc, Dimitri, Krämer, Helmut, Krasnodembskaya, Anna, Kretz-Remy, Carole, Kroemer, Guido, Ktistakis, Nicholas, Kuchitsu, Kazuyuki, Kuenen, Sabine, Kuerschner, Lars, Kukar, Thomas, Kumar, Ajay, Kumar, Ashok, Kumar, Deepak, Kumar, Dhiraj, Kumar, Sharad, Kume, Shinji, Kumsta, Caroline, Kundu, Chanakya, Kundu, Mondira, Kunnumakkara, Ajaikumar, Kurgan, Lukasz, Kutateladze, Tatiana, Kutlu, Ozlem, Kwak, SeongAe, Kwon, Ho Jeong, Kwon, Taeg Kyu, Kwon, Yong Tae, Kyrmizi, Irene, La Spada, Albert, Labonté, Patrick, Ladoire, Sylvain, Laface, Ilaria, Lafont, Frank, Lagace, Diane, Lahiri, Vikramjit, Lai, Zhibing, Laird, Angela, Lakkaraju, Aparna, Lamark, Trond, Lan, Sheng-Hui, Landajuela, Ane, Lane, Darius, Lane, Jon, Lang, Charles, Lange, Carsten, Langel, Ülo, Langer, Rupert, Lapaquette, Pierre, Laporte, Jocelyn, LaRusso, Nicholas, Lastres-Becker, Isabel, Lau, Wilson Chun Yu, Laurie, Gordon, Lavandero, Sergio, Law, Betty Yuen Kwan, Law, Helen Ka-wai, Layfield, Rob, Le, Weidong, Le Stunff, Herve, Leary, Alexandre, Lebrun, Jean-Jacques, Leck, Lionel, Leduc-Gaudet, Jean-Philippe, Lee, Changwook, Lee, Chung-Pei, Lee, Da-Hye, Lee, Edward, Lee, Erinna, Lee, Gyun Min, Lee, He-Jin, Lee, Heung Kyu, Lee, Jae Man, Lee, Jason, Lee, Jin-A, Lee, Joo-Yong, Lee, Jun Hee, Lee, Michael, Lee, Min Goo, Lee, Min Jae, Lee, Myung-Shik, Lee, Sang Yoon, Lee, Seung-Jae, Lee, Stella, Lee, Sung Bae, Lee, Won Hee, Lee, Ying-Ray, Lee, Yong-ho, Lee, Youngil, Lefebvre, Christophe, Legouis, Renaud, Lei, Yu, Lei, Yuchen, Leikin, Sergey, Leitinger, Gerd, Lemus, Leticia, Leng, Shuilong, Lenoir, Olivia, Lenz, Guido, Lenz, Heinz Josef, Lenzi, Paola, León, Yolanda, Leopoldino, Andréia, Leschczyk, Christoph, Leskelä, Stina, Letellier, Elisabeth, Leung, Chi-Ting, Leung, Po Sing, Leventhal, Jeremy, Levine, Beth, Lewis, Patrick, Ley, Klaus, Li, Bin, Li, Da-Qiang, Li, Jianming, Li, Jing, Li, Jiong, Li, Ke, Li, Liwu, Li, Mei, Li, Min, Li, Ming, Li, Mingchuan, Li, Pin-Lan, Li, Ming-Qing, Li, Qing, Li, Sheng, Li, Tiangang, Li, Wei, Li, Wenming, Li, Xue, Li, Yi-Ping, Li, Yuan, Li, Zhiqiang, Li, Zhiyong, Li, Zhiyuan, Lian, Jiqin, Liang, Chengyu, Liang, Qiangrong, Liang, Weicheng, Liang, Yongheng, Liang, YongTian, Liao, Guanghong, Liao, Lujian, Liao, Mingzhi, Liao, Yung-Feng, Librizzi, Mariangela, Lie, Pearl, Lilly, Mary, Lim, Hyunjung, Lima, Thania, Limana, Federica, Lin, Chao, Lin, Chih-Wen, Lin, Dar-Shong, Lin, Fu-Cheng, Lin, Jiandie, Lin, Kurt, Lin, Kwang-Huei, Lin, Liang-Tzung, LIN, Pei-Hui, Lin, Qiong, Lin, Shaofeng, Lin, Su-Ju, Lin, Wenyu, Lin, Xueying, Lin, Yao-Xin, Lin, Yee-Shin, Linden, Rafael, Lindner, Paula, Ling, Shuo-Chien, Lingor, Paul, Linnemann, Amelia, Liou, Yih-Cherng, Lipinski, Marta, Lipovšek, Saška, Lira, Vitor, Lisiak, Natalia, Liton, Paloma, Liu, Chao, Liu, Ching-Hsuan, Liu, Chun-Feng, Liu, Cui Hua, Liu, Fang, Liu, Hao, Liu, Hsiao-Sheng, Liu, Hua-feng, Liu, Huifang, Liu, Jia, Liu, Jing, Liu, Julia, Liu, Leyuan, Liu, Longhua, Liu, Meilian, Liu, Qin, Liu, Wei, Liu, Wende, Liu, Xiao-Hong, Liu, Xiaodong, Liu, Xingguo, Liu, Xu, Liu, Xuedong, Liu, Yanfen, Liu, Yang, Liu, Yueyang, Liu, Yule, 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Wang, Maggie Haitian, Wang, Meiqing, Wang, Nanbu, Wang, PengWei, Wang, PeiPei, Wang, Ping, Wang, Qing Jun, Wang, Qing, Wang, Qing Kenneth, Wang, Qiong, Wang, Wen-Tao, Wang, Wuyang, Wang, Xinnan, Wang, Xuejun, Wang, Yan, Wang, Yanchang, Wang, Yanzhuang, Wang, Yen-Yun, Wang, Yihua, Wang, Yipeng, Wang, Yu, wang, yuqi, Wang, Zhe, Wang, Zhenyu, Wang, Zhouguang, Warnes, Gary, Warnsmann, Verena, Watada, Hirotaka, Watanabe, Eizo, Watchon, Maxinne, Wawrzyńska, Anna, Weaver, Timothy, Wegrzyn, Grzegorz, Wehman, Ann, Wei, Huafeng, Wei, Lei, Wei, Taotao, Wei, Yongjie, Weiergräber, Oliver, Weihl, Conrad, Weindl, Günther, Weiskirchen, Ralf, Wells, Alan, Wen, Runxia, Wen, Xin, Werner, Antonia, Weykopf, Beatrice, Wheatley, Sally, Whitton, J Lindsay, Whitworth, Alexander, Wiktorska, Katarzyna, Wildenberg, Manon, Wileman, Tom, Wilkinson, Simon, Willbold, Dieter, Williams, Brett, Williams, Robin, Williams, Roger, Williamson, Peter, Wilson, Richard, Winner, Beate, Winsor, Nathaniel, Witkin, Steven, Wodrich, Harald, Woehlbier, Ute, Wollert, Thomas, Wong, Esther, Wong, Jack Ho, Wong, Richard, Wong, Vincent Kam Wai, Wong, W Wei-Lynn, Wu, An-Guo, Wu, Chengbiao, Wu, Jian, Wu, Junfang, Wu, Kenneth, Wu, Min, Wu, Shan-Ying, Wu, Shengzhou, Wu, Shu-Yan, Wu, Shufang, Wu, William, Wu, Xiaohong, Wu, Xiaoqing, Wu, Yao-Wen, Wu, Yihua, Xavier, Ramnik, Xia, Hongguang, Xia, Lixin, Xia, Zhengyuan, Xiang, Ge, Xiang, Jin, Xiang, Mingliang, Xiang, Wei, Xiao, Bin, Xiao, Guozhi, Xiao, Hengyi, Xiao, Hong-tao, Xiao, Jian, Xiao, Lan, Xiao, Shi, Xiao, Yin, Xie, Baoming, Xie, Chuan-Ming, Xie, Min, Xie, Yuxiang, Xie, Zhiping, Xie, Zhonglin, Xilouri, Maria, Xu, Congfeng, Xu, En, Xu, Haoxing, Xu, Jing, Xu, Jinrong, Xu, Liang, Xu, Wen Wen, Xu, Xiulong, Xue, Yu, Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna, Yamaguchi, Masamitsu, Yamaguchi, Osamu, Yamamoto, Ai, Yamashina, Shunhei, Yan, Shengmin, Yan, Shian-Jang, Yan, Zhen, Yanagi, Yasuo, Yang, Chuanbin, Yang, Dun-Sheng, Yang, Huan, Yang, Huang-Tian, Yang, Hui, Yang, Jin-Ming, Yang, Jing, Yang, Jingyu, Yang, Ling, Yang, Liu, Yang, Ming, Yang, Pei-Ming, Yang, Qian, Yang, Seungwon, Yang, Shu, Yang, Shun-Fa, Yang, Wannian, Yang, Wei Yuan, Yang, Xiaoyong, Yang, Xuesong, Yang, Yi, Yang, Ying, Yao, Honghong, Yao, Shenggen, Yao, Xiaoqiang, Yao, Yong-Gang, Yao, Yong-Ming, Yasui, Takahiro, Yazdankhah, Meysam, Yen, Paul, Yi, Cong, Yin, Xiao-Ming, Yin, Yanhai, Yin, Zhangyuan, Yin, Ziyi, Ying, Meidan, Ying, Zheng, Yip, Calvin, Yiu, Stephanie Pei Tung, Yoo, Young, Yoshida, Kiyotsugu, Yoshii, Saori, Yoshimori, Tamotsu, Yousefi, Bahman, Yu, Boxuan, Yu, Haiyang, Yu, Jun, Yu, Li, Yu, Ming-Lung, Yu, Seong-Woon, Yu, Victor, Yu, W Haung, Yu, Zhengping, Yu, Zhou, Yuan, Junying, Yuan, Ling-Qing, Yuan, Shilin, Yuan, Shyng-Shiou, Yuan, Yanggang, Yuan, Zengqiang, Yue, Jianbo, Yue, Zhenyu, Yun, Jeanho, Yung, Raymond, Zacks, David, Zaffagnini, Gabriele, Zambelli, Vanessa, Zanella, Isabella, Zang, Qun, Zanivan, Sara, Zappavigna, Silvia, Zaragoza, Pilar, Zarbalis, Konstantinos, Zarebkohan, Amir, Zarrouk, Amira, Zeitlin, Scott, Zeng, Jialiu, Zeng, Ju-deng, Žerovnik, Eva, Zhan, Lixuan, Zhang, Bin, Zhang, Donna, Zhang, Hanlin, Zhang, Hong, Zhang, Honghe, Zhang, Huafeng, Zhang, Huaye, Zhang, Hui, Zhang, Hui-Ling, Zhang, Jianbin, Zhang, Jianhua, Zhang, Jing-Pu, Zhang, Kalin, Zhang, Leshuai, Zhang, Lin, Zhang, Lisheng, Zhang, Lu, Zhang, Luoying, Zhang, Menghuan, Zhang, Peng, Zhang, Sheng, Zhang, Wei, Zhang, Xiangnan, Zhang, Xiao-Wei, Zhang, Xiaolei, Zhang, Xiaoyan, Zhang, Xin, Zhang, Xinxin, Zhang, Xu Dong, Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Yanjin, Zhang, Yi, Zhang, Ying-Dong, Zhang, Yingmei, Zhang, Yuan-Yuan, Zhang, Yuchen, Zhang, Zhe, Zhang, Zhengguang, Zhang, Zhibing, Zhang, Zhihai, Zhang, Zhiyong, Zhang, Zili, Zhao, Haobin, Zhao, Lei, Zhao, Shuang, Zhao, Tongbiao, Zhao, Xiao-Fan, Zhao, Ying, Zhao, Yongchao, Zhao, Yongliang, Zhao, Yuting, Zheng, Guoping, Zheng, Kai, Zheng, Ling, Zheng, Shizhong, Zheng, Xi-Long, Zheng, Yi, Zheng, Zu-Guo, Zhivotovsky, Boris, Zhong, Qing, Zhou, Ao, Zhou, Ben, Zhou, Cefan, ZHOU, Gang, Zhou, Hao, Zhou, Hong, Zhou, Hongbo, Zhou, Jie, Zhou, Jing, Zhou, Jiyong, Zhou, Kailiang, Zhou, Rongjia, Zhou, Xu-jie, Zhou, Yanshuang, Zhou, Yinghong, Zhou, Yubin, Zhou, Zheng-Yu, Zhou, Zhou, Zhu, Binglin, Zhu, Changlian, Zhu, Guo-Qing, Zhu, Haining, Zhu, Hongxin, Zhu, Hua, Zhu, Wei-Guo, Zhu, Yanping, Zhu, Yushan, Zhuang, Haixia, Zhuang, Xiaohong, Zientara-Rytter, Katarzyna, Zimmermann, Christine, Ziviani, Elena, Zoladek, Teresa, Zong, Wei-Xing, Zorov, Dmitry, Zorzano, Antonio, Zou, Weiping, Zou, Zhen, Zou, Zhengzhi, Zuryn, Steven, Zwerschke, Werner, Brand-Saberi, Beate, Dong, X Charlie, Kenchappa, Chandra Shekar, Li, Zuguo, Lin, Yong, Oshima, Shigeru, Rong, Yueguang, Sluimer, Judith, Stallings, Christina, Tong, Chun-Kit, Ahmad, S. Tariq, Alim Al-Bari, M. Abdul, Bechara, Luiz R.G., Behrens, Georg M.N., Bhuiyan, Md. Shenuarin, Broaddus, V. Courtney, Buchan, J. Ross, Burón, M. Isabel, Carter, A. Brent, Chan, Matthew T.V., Choi, Augustine M.K., D’Adamo, Stefania, D’Amelio, Marcello, D’Arcangelo, Daniela, D’Lugos, Andrew, D’Orazi, Gabriella, De Meyer, Guido R.Y., Delpino, M. Victoria, Distler, Jörg H.W., Dixon, Ian M.C., Dobson, Renwick C.J., 2nd Dorn, Gerald, Eissa, N. Tony, Engelsen, Agnete S.T., Fairlie, W. Douglas, Ferreira, Julio C.B., H.B., Ranjitha, Hanson, Phyllis I., Hejtmancik, J. Fielding, Ho, Idy H.T., Hobbs, G. Aaron, Hoet, Peter H.M., Huang, Michael L.H., Iyer, Anand Krishnan V., Johnson, Gail V.W., Joosten, Leo A.B., Karim, Md. Razaul, Kaufmann, Stefan H.E., Ko, Ben C.B., Leck, Lionel Y.W., Lima, Thania R.R., Livingston, J. Andrew, Martin, Alexandre P.J., Montes, L. Ruth, Murphy, J. Patrick, Ng, Charlene C.W., Nicolao, M. Celeste, O’Donovan, Tracey, O’Leary, Seónadh, O’Rourke, Eyleen, O’Sullivan, Mary, O’Sullivan, Timothy, Omary, M. Bishr, Pereira, Gustavo J.S., Ratnayaka, J. Arjuna, Riazuddin, S. Amer, Rouschop, Kasper M.A., Sanderson, J. Thomas, Scaglione, K. Matthew, Schapira, Anthony H.V., Scovassi, A. Ivana, St. Clair, Daret, Sunahara, Karen K.S., Symons, J. David, Triola, Gemma, van Wijk, Sjoerd J.L., Vanrell, M. Cristina, Vasconcelos, M. Helena, Whitton, J. Lindsay, Williams, Robin S.B., Wong, W. Wei-Lynn, Wu, William K.K., Yakhine-Diop, Sokhna M.S., Yu, W. Haung, Zhang, Kalin Y.B., Dong, X. Charlie, Ain Shams University [ASU], Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University [JGU], Medical University Graz, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers [CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)], Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry [IPB], The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center [Houston], Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire [IPMC], Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] [LNC], Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire [C3M], Institut de Biologie Valrose [IBV], Petites Molécules de neuroprotection, neurorégénération et remyélinisation, Signalisation Hormonale, Physiopathologie Endocrinienne et Métabolique, Institut Cochin [IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)], Institut NeuroMyoGène [INMG], Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire [PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)], Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress [MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)], Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement [IRCAN], Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille [CRCM], Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI [Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC], Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling [OSS], Institut Necker Enfants-Malades [INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)], Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule [I2BC], Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte [M2iSH], Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse [CRCT], Physiopathologie et traitement des maladies du foie, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 [CIIL], Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [IGBMC], Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] [BIO-PEROXIL], Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation [CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)], Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers [U830], Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences [LOB], Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires [UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC], Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine [DC2N], Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier [IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM], Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy [CIML], Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques [PhIND], Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée [LBFA], Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) [Imagine - U1163], Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale [IMRB], Franco-czech Laboratory for clinical research on obesity, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System, Institut de pharmacologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Lipides - Nutrition - Cancer [Dijon - U1231] (LNC), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Centre méditerranéen de médecine moléculaire (C3M), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut de Biologie Valrose (IBV), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers (CRC (UMR_S_1138 / U1138)), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre (Le Kremlin-Bicêtre), Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NuMéA), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Cochin (IC UM3 (UMR 8104 / U1016)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut NeuroMyoGène (INMG), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC - UMR-S U970), Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou [APHP] (HEGP), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Institut de Recherche sur le Cancer et le Vieillissement (IRCAN), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Centre des Sciences du Goût et de l'Alimentation [Dijon] (CSGA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Centre for Integrative Biology - CBI (Inserm U964 - CNRS UMR7104 - IGBMC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institute of genetics and molecular and cellular biology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chemistry, Oncogenesis, Stress and Signaling (COSS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CRLCC Eugène Marquis (CRLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Necker Enfants-Malades (INEM - UM 111 (UMR 8253 / U1151)), Unité de Nutrition Humaine (UNH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Microbes, Intestin, Inflammation et Susceptibilité de l'Hôte (M2iSH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine d'Auvergne (CRNH d'Auvergne)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie - UMR (CIRI), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physiologie et Génomique des Poissons (LPGP), Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Hôpital Paul Brousse-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre d’Infection et d’Immunité de Lille - INSERM U 1019 - UMR 9017 - UMR 8204 (CIIL), Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Lille-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Laboratoire Bio-PeroxIL. Biochimie du peroxysome, inflammation et métabolisme lipidique [Dijon] (BIO-PEROXIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Centre de recherche sur l'Inflammation (CRI (UMR_S_1149 / ERL_8252 / U1149)), Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de génétique et biologie des cancers (U830), Institut Curie [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire d'Optique et Biosciences (LOB), École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires (I2MC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Différenciation et communication neuronale et neuroendocrine (DC2N), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie et imagerie des troubles neurologiques (PhIND), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Laboratory of Fundamental and Applied Bioenergetics = Laboratoire de bioénergétique fondamentale et appliquée (LBFA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epithelial biology and disease - Liliane Bettencourt Chair of Developmental Biology (Equipe Inserm U1163), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Biomécanique cellulaire et respiratoire (BCR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM131919]., Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Marqueurs cardiovasculaires en situation de stress (MASCOT (UMR_S_942 / U942)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Physiopathologie des Adaptations Nutritionnelles (PhAN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Plateforme (PF I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Gustave Roussy (IGR), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences [Suzhou, Chine] (CAMS), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Karolinska University Hospital [Stockholm], Department of Women's and Children's Health [Stockholm, Sweden], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Université de Lille-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École polytechnique (X), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, FHU OncoAge - Pathologies liées à l’âge [CHU Nice] (OncoAge), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire [UNIV Côte d'Azur] (UPMC), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Life Sciences Institute [Ann Arbor, MI, USA], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS [Milan, Italy] (EIO), Ain Shams University (ASU), Johannes Gutenberg - Universität Mainz = Johannes Gutenberg University (JGU), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry (IPB), Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Agro Dijon, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Paris-Centre de Recherche Cardiovasculaire (PARCC (UMR_S 970/ U970)), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Ouest - Hôpitaux Universitaires Île de France Ouest (HUPO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Fédération nationale des Centres de lutte contre le Cancer (FNCLCC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oncogenesis, Stress, Signaling (OSS), Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Casdiovasculaires (UPS/Inserm U1297 - I2MC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Klionsky, D. J., Abdel-Aziz, A. K., Abdelfatah, S., Abdellatif, M., Abdoli, A., Abel, S., Abeliovich, H., Abildgaard, M. H., Abudu, Y. P., Acevedo-Arozena, A., Adamopoulos, I. E., Adeli, K., Adolph, T. E., Adornetto, A., Aflaki, E., Agam, G., Agarwal, A., Aggarwal, B. B., Agnello, M., Agostinis, P., Agrewala, J. N., Agrotis, A., Aguilar, P. V., Ahmad, S. T., Ahmed, Z. M., Ahumada-Castro, U., Aits, S., Aizawa, S., Akkoc, Y., Akoumianaki, T., Akpinar, H. A., Al-Abd, A. M., Al-Akra, L., Al-Gharaibeh, A., Alaoui-Jamali, M. A., Alberti, S., Alcocer-Gomez, E., Alessandri, C., Ali, M., Alim Al-Bari, M. A., Aliwaini, S., Alizadeh, J., Almacellas, E., Almasan, A., Alonso, A., Alonso, G. D., Altan-Bonnet, N., Altieri, D. C., Alvarez, E. M. C., Alves, S., Alves da Costa, C., Alzaharna, M. M., Amadio, M., Amantini, C., Amaral, C., Ambrosio, S., Amer, A. O., Ammanathan, V., An, Z., Andersen, S. U., Andrabi, S. A., Andrade-Silva, M., Andres, A. M., Angelini, S., Ann, D., Anozie, U. C., Ansari, M. Y., Antas, P., Antebi, A., Anton, Z., Anwar, T., Apetoh, L., Apostolova, N., Araki, T., Araki, Y., Arasaki, K., Araujo, W. L., Araya, J., Arden, C., Arevalo, M. -A., Arguelles, S., Arias, E., Arikkath, J., Arimoto, H., Ariosa, A. R., Armstrong-James, D., Arnaune-Pelloquin, L., Aroca, A., Arroyo, D. S., Arsov, I., Artero, R., Asaro, D. M. L., Aschner, M., Ashrafizadeh, M., Ashur-Fabian, O., Atanasov, A. G., Au, A. K., Auberger, P., Auner, H. W., Aurelian, L., Autelli, R., Avagliano, L., Avalos, Y., Aveic, S., Aveleira, C. A., Avin-Wittenberg, T., Aydin, Y., Ayton, S., Ayyadevara, S., Azzopardi, M., Baba, M., Backer, J. M., Backues, S. K., Bae, D. -H., Bae, O. -N., Bae, S. H., Baehrecke, E. H., Baek, A., Baek, S. -H., Baek, S. H., Bagetta, G., Bagniewska-Zadworna, A., Bai, H., Bai, J., Bai, X., Bai, Y., Bairagi, N., Baksi, S., Balbi, T., Baldari, C. T., Balduini, W., Ballabio, A., Ballester, M., Balazadeh, S., Balzan, R., Bandopadhyay, R., Banerjee, S., Banreti, A., Bao, Y., Baptista, M. S., Baracca, A., Barbati, C., Bargiela, A., Barila, D., Barlow, P. G., Barmada, S. J., Barreiro, E., Barreto, G. E., Bartek, J., Bartel, B., Bartolome, A., Barve, G. R., Basagoudanavar, S. H., Bassham, D. C., Bast, R. C., Basu, A., Batoko, H., Batten, I., Baulieu, E. E., Baumgarner, B. L., Bayry, J., Beale, R., Beau, I., Beaumatin, F., Bechara, L. R. G., Beck, G. R., Beers, M. F., Begun, J., Behrends, C., Behrens, G. M. N., Bei, R., Bejarano, E., Bel, S., Behl, C., Belaid, A., Belgareh-Touze, N., Bellarosa, C., Belleudi, F., Bello Perez, M., Bello-Morales, R., Beltran, J. S. D. O., Beltran, S., Benbrook, D. M., Bendorius, M., Benitez, B. A., Benito-Cuesta, I., Bensalem, J., Berchtold, M. W., Berezowska, S., Bergamaschi, D., Bergami, M., Bergmann, A., Berliocchi, L., Berlioz-Torrent, C., Bernard, A., Berthoux, L., Besirli, C. G., Besteiro, S., Betin, V. M., Beyaert, R., Bezbradica, J. S., Bhaskar, K., Bhatia-Kissova, I., Bhattacharya, R., Bhattacharya, S., Bhattacharyya, S., Bhuiyan, M. S., Bhutia, S. K., Bi, L., Bi, X., Biden, T. J., Bijian, K., Billes, V. A., Binart, N., Bincoletto, C., Birgisdottir, A. B., Bjorkoy, G., Blanco, G., Blas-Garcia, A., Blasiak, J., Blomgran, R., Blomgren, K., Blum, J. S., Boada-Romero, E., Boban, M., Boesze-Battaglia, K., Boeuf, P., Boland, B., Bomont, P., Bonaldo, P., Bonam, S. R., Bonfili, L., Bonifacino, J. S., Boone, B. A., Bootman, M. D., Bordi, M., Borner, C., Bornhauser, B. C., Borthakur, G., Bosch, J., Bose, S., Botana, L. M., Botas, J., Boulanger, C. M., Boulton, M. E., Bourdenx, M., Bourgeois, B., Bourke, N. M., Bousquet, G., Boya, P., Bozhkov, P. V., Bozi, L. H. M., Bozkurt, T. O., Brackney, D. E., Brandts, C. H., Braun, R. J., Braus, G. H., Bravo-Sagua, R., Bravo-San Pedro, J. M., Brest, P., Bringer, M. -A., Briones-Herrera, A., Broaddus, V. C., Brodersen, P., Brodsky, J. L., Brody, S. L., Bronson, P. G., Bronstein, J. M., Brown, C. N., Brown, R. E., Brum, P. C., Brumell, J. H., Brunetti-Pierri, N., Bruno, D., Bryson-Richardson, R. J., Bucci, C., Buchrieser, C., Bueno, M., Buitrago-Molina, L. E., Buraschi, S., Buch, S., Buchan, J. R., Buckingham, E. M., Budak, H., Budini, M., Bultynck, G., Burada, F., Burgoyne, J. R., Buron, M. I., Bustos, V., Buttner, S., Butturini, E., Byrd, A., Cabas, I., Cabrera-Benitez, S., Cadwell, K., Cai, J., Cai, L., Cai, Q., Cairo, M., Calbet, J. A., Caldwell, G. A., Caldwell, K. A., Call, J. A., Calvani, R., Calvo, A. C., Calvo-Rubio Barrera, M., Camara, N. O. S., Camonis, J. H., Camougrand, N., Campanella, M., Campbell, E. M., Campbell-Valois, F. -X., Campello, S., Campesi, I., Campos, J. C., Camuzard, O., Cancino, J., Candido de Almeida, D., Canesi, L., Caniggia, I., Canonico, B., Canti, C., Cao, B., Caraglia, M., Carames, B., Carchman, E. H., Cardenal-Munoz, E., Cardenas, C., Cardenas, L., Cardoso, S. M., Carew, J. S., Carle, G. F., Carleton, G., Carloni, S., Carmona-Gutierrez, D., Carneiro, L. A., Carnevali, O., Carosi, J. M., Carra, S., Carrier, A., Carrier, L., Carroll, B., Carter, A. B., Carvalho, A. N., Casanova, M., Casas, C., Casas, J., Cassioli, C., Castillo, E. F., Castillo, K., Castillo-Lluva, S., Castoldi, F., Castori, M., Castro, A. F., Castro-Caldas, M., Castro-Hernandez, J., Castro-Obregon, S., Catz, S. D., Cavadas, C., Cavaliere, F., Cavallini, G., Cavinato, M., Cayuela, M. L., Cebollada Rica, P., Cecarini, V., Cecconi, F., Cechowska-Pasko, M., Cenci, S., Ceperuelo-Mallafre, V., Cerqueira, J. J., Cerutti, J. M., Cervia, D., Cetintas, V. B., Cetrullo, S., Chae, H. -J., Chagin, A. S., Chai, C. -Y., Chakrabarti, G., Chakrabarti, O., Chakraborty, T., Chami, M., Chamilos, G., Chan, D. W., Chan, E. Y. W., Chan, E. D., Chan, H. Y. E., Chan, H. H., Chan, H., Chan, M. T. V., Chan, Y. S., Chandra, P. K., Chang, C. -P., Chang, C., Chang, H. -C., Chang, K., Chao, J., Chapman, T., Charlet-Berguerand, N., Chatterjee, S., Chaube, S. K., Chaudhary, A., Chauhan, S., Chaum, E., Checler, F., Cheetham, M. E., Chen, C. -S., Chen, G. -C., Chen, J. -F., Chen, L. L., Chen, L., Chen, M., Chen, M. -K., Chen, N., Chen, Q., Chen, R. -H., Chen, S., Chen, W., Chen, X. -M., Chen, X. -W., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chen, Y. -G., Chen, Y. -J., Chen, Y. -Q., Chen, Z. S., Chen, Z., Chen, Z. -H., Chen, Z. J., Cheng, H., Cheng, J., Cheng, S. -Y., Cheng, W., Cheng, X., Cheng, X. -T., Cheng, Y., Cheng, Z., Cheong, H., Cheong, J. K., Chernyak, B. V., Cherry, S., Cheung, C. F. R., Cheung, C. H. A., Cheung, K. -H., Chevet, E., Chi, R. J., Chiang, A. K. S., Chiaradonna, F., Chiarelli, R., Chiariello, M., Chica, N., Chiocca, S., Chiong, M., Chiou, S. -H., Chiramel, A. I., Chiurchiu, V., Cho, D. -H., Choe, S. -K., Choi, A. M. K., Choi, M. E., Choudhury, K. R., Chow, N. S., Chu, C. T., Chua, J. P., Chua, J. J. E., Chung, H., Chung, K. P., Chung, S., Chung, S. -H., Chung, Y. -L., Cianfanelli, V., Ciechomska, I. A., Cifuentes, M., Cinque, L., Cirak, S., Cirone, M., Clague, M. J., Clarke, R., Clementi, E., Coccia, E. M., Codogno, P., Cohen, E., Cohen, M. M., Colasanti, T., Colasuonno, F., Colbert, R. A., Colell, A., Colic, M., Coll, N. S., Collins, M. O., Colombo, M. I., Colon-Ramos, D. A., Combaret, L., Comincini, S., Cominetti, M. R., Consiglio, A., Conte, A., Conti, F., Contu, V. R., Cookson, M. R., Coombs, K. M., Coppens, I., Corasaniti, M. T., Corkery, D. P., Cordes, N., Cortese, K., Costa, M. D. C., Costantino, S., Costelli, P., Coto-Montes, A., Crack, P. J., Crespo, J. L., Criollo, A., Crippa, V., Cristofani, R., Csizmadia, T., Cuadrado, A., Cui, B., Cui, J., Cui, Y., Culetto, E., Cumino, A. C., Cybulsky, A. V., Czaja, M. J., Czuczwar, S. J., D'Adamo, S., D'Amelio, M., D'Arcangelo, D., D'Lugos, A. C., D'Orazi, G., da Silva, J. A., Dafsari, H. S., Dagda, R. K., Dagdas, Y., Daglia, M., Dai, X., Dai, Y., Dal Col, J., Dalhaimer, P., Dalla Valle, L., Dallenga, T., Dalmasso, G., Damme, M., Dando, I., Dantuma, N. P., Darling, A. L., Das, H., Dasarathy, S., Dasari, S. K., Dash, S., Daumke, O., Dauphinee, A. N., Davies, J. S., Davila, V. A., Davis, R. J., Davis, T., Dayalan Naidu, S., De Amicis, F., De Bosscher, K., De Felice, F., De Franceschi, L., De Leonibus, C., de Mattos Barbosa, M. G., De Meyer, G. R. Y., De Milito, A., De Nunzio, C., De Palma, C., De Santi, M., De Virgilio, C., De Zio, D., Debnath, J., Debosch, B. J., Decuypere, J. -P., Deehan, M. A., Deflorian, G., Degregori, J., Dehay, B., Del Rio, G., Delaney, J. R., Delbridge, L. M. D., Delorme-Axford, E., Delpino, M. V., Demarchi, F., Dembitz, V., Demers, N. D., Deng, H., Deng, Z., Dengjel, J., Dent, P., Denton, D., Depamphilis, M. L., Der, C. J., Deretic, V., Descoteaux, A., Devis, L., Devkota, S., Devuyst, O., Dewson, G., Dharmasivam, M., Dhiman, R., di Bernardo, D., Di Cristina, M., Di Domenico, F., Di Fazio, P., Di Fonzo, A., Di Guardo, G., Di Guglielmo, G. M., Di Leo, L., Di Malta, C., Di Nardo, A., Di Rienzo, M., Di Sano, F., Diallinas, G., Diao, J., Diaz-Araya, G., Diaz-Laviada, I., Dickinson, J. M., Diederich, M., Dieude, M., Dikic, I., Ding, S., Ding, W. -X., Dini, L., Dinic, J., Dinic, M., Dinkova-Kostova, A. T., Dionne, M. S., Distler, J. H. W., Diwan, A., Dixon, I. M. C., Djavaheri-Mergny, M., Dobrinski, I., Dobrovinskaya, O., Dobrowolski, R., Dobson, R. C. J., Dokic, J., Dokmeci Emre, S., Donadelli, M., Dong, B., Dong, X., Dong, Z., Dorn II, G. W., Dotsch, V., Dou, H., Dou, J., Dowaidar, M., Dridi, S., Drucker, L., Du, A., Du, C., Du, G., Du, H. -N., Du, L. -L., du Toit, A., Duan, S. -B., Duan, X., Duarte, S. P., Dubrovska, A., Dunlop, E. A., Dupont, N., Duran, R. V., Dwarakanath, B. S., Dyshlovoy, S. A., Ebrahimi-Fakhari, D., Eckhart, L., Edelstein, C. L., Efferth, T., Eftekharpour, E., Eichinger, L., Eid, N., Eisenberg, T., Eissa, N. T., Eissa, S., Ejarque, M., El Andaloussi, A., El-Hage, N., El-Naggar, S., Eleuteri, A. M., El-Shafey, E. S., Elgendy, M., Eliopoulos, A. G., Elizalde, M. M., Elks, P. M., Elsasser, H. -P., Elsherbiny, E. S., Emerling, B. M., Emre, N. C. T., Eng, C. H., Engedal, N., Engelbrecht, A. -M., Engelsen, A. S. T., Enserink, J. M., Escalante, R., Esclatine, A., Escobar-Henriques, M., Eskelinen, E. -L., Espert, L., Eusebio, M. -O., Fabrias, G., Fabrizi, C., Facchiano, A., Facchiano, F., Fadeel, B., Fader, C., Faesen, A. C., Fairlie, W. D., Falco, A., Falkenburger, B. H., Fan, D., Fan, J., Fan, Y., Fang, E. F., Fang, Y., Fanto, M., Farfel-Becker, T., Faure, M., Fazeli, G., Fedele, A. O., Feldman, A. M., Feng, D., Feng, J., Feng, L., Feng, Y., Feng, W., Fenz Araujo, T., Ferguson, T. A., Fernandez, A. F., Fernandez-Checa, J. C., Fernandez-Veledo, S., Fernie, A. R., Ferrante, A. W., Ferraresi, A., Ferrari, M. F., Ferreira, J. C. B., Ferro-Novick, S., Figueras, A., Filadi, R., Filigheddu, N., Filippi-Chiela, E., Filomeni, G., Fimia, G. M., Fineschi, V., Finetti, F., Finkbeiner, S., Fisher, E. A., Fisher, P. B., Flamigni, F., Fliesler, S. J., Flo, T. H., Florance, I., Florey, O., Florio, T., Fodor, E., Follo, C., Fon, E. A., Forlino, A., Fornai, F., Fortini, P., Fracassi, A., Fraldi, A., Franco, B., Franco, R., Franconi, F., Frankel, L. B., Friedman, S. L., Frohlich, L. F., Fruhbeck, G., Fuentes, J. M., Fujiki, Y., Fujita, N., Fujiwara, Y., Fukuda, M., Fulda, S., Furic, L., Furuya, N., Fusco, C., Gack, M. U., Gaffke, L., Galadari, S., Galasso, A., Galindo, M. F., Gallolu Kankanamalage, S., Galluzzi, L., Galy, V., Gammoh, N., Gan, B., Ganley, I. G., Gao, F., Gao, H., Gao, M., Gao, P., Gao, S. -J., Gao, W., Gao, X., Garcera, A., Garcia, M. N., Garcia, V. E., Garcia-Del Portillo, F., Garcia-Escudero, V., Garcia-Garcia, A., Garcia-Macia, M., Garcia-Moreno, D., Garcia-Ruiz, C., Garcia-Sanz, P., Garg, A. D., Gargini, R., Garofalo, T., Garry, R. F., Gassen, N. C., Gatica, D., Ge, L., Ge, W., Geiss-Friedlander, R., Gelfi, C., Genschik, P., Gentle, I. E., Gerbino, V., Gerhardt, C., Germain, K., Germain, M., Gewirtz, D. A., Ghasemipour Afshar, E., Ghavami, S., Ghigo, A., Ghosh, M., Giamas, G., Giampietri, C., Giatromanolaki, A., Gibson, G. E., Gibson, S. B., Ginet, V., Giniger, E., Giorgi, C., Girao, H., Girardin, S. E., Giridharan, M., Giuliano, S., Giulivi, C., Giuriato, S., Giustiniani, J., Gluschko, A., Goder, V., Goginashvili, A., Golab, J., Goldstone, D. C., Golebiewska, A., Gomes, L. R., Gomez, R., Gomez-Sanchez, R., Gomez-Puerto, M. C., Gomez-Sintes, R., Gong, Q., Goni, F. M., Gonzalez-Gallego, J., Gonzalez-Hernandez, T., Gonzalez-Polo, R. A., Gonzalez-Reyes, J. A., Gonzalez-Rodriguez, P., Goping, I. S., Gorbatyuk, M. S., Gorbunov, N. V., Gorgulu, K., Gorojod, R. M., Gorski, S. M., Goruppi, S., Gotor, C., Gottlieb, R. A., Gozes, I., Gozuacik, D., Graef, M., Graler, M. H., Granatiero, V., Grasso, D., Gray, J. P., Green, D. R., Greenhough, A., Gregory, S. L., Griffin, E. F., Grinstaff, M. W., Gros, F., Grose, C., Gross, A. S., Gruber, F., Grumati, P., Grune, T., Gu, X., Guan, J. -L., Guardia, C. M., Guda, K., Guerra, F., Guerri, C., Guha, P., Guillen, C., Gujar, S., Gukovskaya, A., Gukovsky, I., Gunst, J., Gunther, A., Guntur, A. R., Guo, C., Guo, H., Guo, L. -W., Guo, M., Gupta, P., Gupta, S. K., Gupta, S., Gupta, V. B., Gupta, V., Gustafsson, A. B., Gutterman, D. D., H. B, R., Haapasalo, A., Haber, J. E., Hac, A., Hadano, S., Hafren, A. J., Haidar, M., Hall, B. S., Hallden, G., Hamacher-Brady, A., Hamann, A., Hamasaki, M., Han, W., Hansen, M., Hanson, P. I., Hao, Z., Harada, M., Harhaji-Trajkovic, L., Hariharan, N., Haroon, N., Harris, J., Hasegawa, T., Hasima Nagoor, N., Haspel, J. A., Haucke, V., Hawkins, W. 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Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Programmed cell death, Settore BIO/06, Autophagosome, Autolysosome, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], lnfectious Diseases and Global Health Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 4], Autophagy-Related Proteins, Review, Computational biology, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Biology, Settore MED/04, 03 medical and health sciences, stress, Chaperone-mediated autophagy, ddc:570, Autophagy, LC3, Animals, Humans, cancer, Settore BIO/10, flux, lysosome, macroautophagy, neurodegeneration, phagophore, vacuole, Set (psychology), Molecular Biology, 030102 biochemistry & molecular biology, business.industry, Interpretation (philosophy), Autophagosomes, Cell Biology, Multicellular organism, 030104 developmental biology, Knowledge base, Biological Assay, Lysosomes, business, Biomarkers, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 232759.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Closed access) In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field.

Published
2021

49. Cryptogenic Cirrhosis, An Ambiguity of a Diagnosis: A Case Report of Progressive Cirrhosis of Undetermined Cause

Author

Hui Yun Ong, Neeraj Vinayakumar, justin Leow Wen Hsiang, and Alvin Oliver Payus

Subjects
Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, business.industry, General Medicine, Intermittent jaundice, medicine.disease, Chronic liver disease, Etiology, Medicine, Portal hypertension, Family history, business, Complication, Pathological
Abstract

Cirrhosis is the result of chronic liver disease due to a variety of causes. It is deemed to be cryptogenic when the leading cause cannot be identified despite extensive laboratory, radiological and pathological investigations. The prevalence of cryptogenic cirrhosis diagnosis has been dramatically reduced in recent years due to the advanced achievement in diagnostic medicine, whereby it is attributed to only about less than 5% of cirrhosis cases. Here, we present a case of a 16-year-old boy with nonsignificant family history, was not taking any regular medication, and presented with progressive intermittent jaundice for a few years due to liver cirrhosis. Although an extensive investigation has been done, the etiology of the cirrhotic liver was still unknown. He had no features to support nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. He was in Child’s Grade B and prophylactically treated with a regular dose of propranolol to prevent portal hypertension complication while waiting for a liver transplant. This case report served the objective of showing that despite the advances in medical diagnostic techniques, cryptogenic cirrhosis is still used as a diagnosis in cases of chronic liver disease of unknown etiology.

Published
2021

50. Analysis of Infusion Patterns of Propofol and Remifentanil During Rigid Bronchoscopy Under Total Intravenous Anesthesia

Author

So Hui Yun, Jong Cook Park, and Changhwan Kim

Subjects
Rigid bronchoscopy, Bronchoscope, General Anesthesia, Remifentanil, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Pharmacokinetics, 030202 anesthesiology, medicine, Propofol, Total intravenous anesthesia, business.industry, Airway obstruction, medicine.disease, Airway Obstruction, Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Intravenous anesthesia, Anesthesia, Anesthetic, Intravenous Anesthesia, business, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives: We analyzed the dosage pattern of anesthetic drugs administered to maintain anesthesia during rigid bronchoscopy. Methods: We enrolled a total of 81 patients who underwent rigid bronchoscopy under total intravenous anesthesia between April 2015 and March 2019. Anesthesia was maintained using propofol (target brain concentration 2.0 - 6.0 µg/mL) and remifentanil (target brain concentration 2.0 - 6.0 ng/mL). We analyzed the dosage patterns of the anesthetic agents during the procedure, as well as the changes in the dose of the anesthetic agents and the number of procedures repeated in the same patient. Results: The dose of propofol administered per minute to maintain anesthesia was inversely correlated with the total operation time (r2 = 0.355, β = -0.067, P < 0.000) but was not significantly correlated with the number of times the procedure was repeated. The dose of remifentanil did not significantly differ during repeated procedures in the same patient. Conclusions: The dose of propofol infusion tended to decrease over time during the rigid bronchoscopy procedure. This pattern was specific to propofol but not to remifentanil using TIVA. Understanding the pharmacokinetic properties of anesthetic drugs will help in their appropriate administration.

Published
2020

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