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В данном обзоре, состоящем из двух частей, рассматривается новая формула инсулина гларгин (рДНК происхождения) в форме инъекций 300 ЕД/мл (Gla-300, Тожео). Gla-300 представляет следующую генерацию базального инсулина с новой формулой инсулина гларгин, поставляющего то же количество инсулина, что и гларгин-100 (Gla-100, Лантус®) в 1/3 объема. После подкожной инъекции фармакокинетический и фармакодинамический профили Gla-300 являются более постоянными и продолжительными (более 24 часов) по сравнению с Gla-100, что обусловлено более постепенным и длительным выделением гларгина из подкожного депо (Gla-300 образует более компактное подкожное депо с уменьшенной поверхностью по сравнению с Gla-100). С акцентом на недавних результатах клинических исследований EDITION (3а-фаза) обсуждается клиническая эффективность и безопасность Gla-300 у больных сахарным диабетом 1-го и 2-го типа. Gla-300 демонстрировал сопоставимый гликемическиий контроль и подобный профиль безопасности при условиях более низкой частоты гипогликемических событий по сравнению с Gla-100. Gla-300 обеспечивал гибкий режим введения инсулина (24 ± 3 часа или утром vs вечером) и был ассоциирован с меньшим увеличением массы тела.

В данном обзоре, состоящем из двух частей, рассматривается новая формула инсулина гларгин (рДНК происхождения) в форме инъекций 300 ЕД/мл (Gla-300, Тожео). Gla-300 представляет следующую генерацию базального инсулина с новой формулой инсулина гларгин, поставляющего то же количество инсулина, что и гларгин-100 (Gla-100) в 1/3 объема. После подкожной инъекции фармакокинетический и фармакодинамический профили Gla-300 являются более постоянными и продолжительными (более 24 часов) по сравнению с Gla-100, что обусловлено более постепенным и длительным выделением гларгина из подкожного депо (Gla-300 образует более компактное подкожное депо с уменьшенной поверхностью по сравнению с Gla-100). С акцентом на недавних результатах клинических исследований EDITION (3а-фаза) обсуждается клиническая эффективность и безопасность Gla-300 у больных сахарным диабетом 1-го и 2-го типа. Gla-300 демонстрировал сопоставимый гликемическиий контроль и подобный профиль безопасности при условиях более низкой частоты гипогликемических событий по сравнению с Gla-100. Gla-300 обеспечивал гибкий режим введения инсулина (24 ± 3 часа или утром vs вечером) и был ассоциирован с меньшим увеличением массы тела.

This review examines the new formulation of insulin glargine (recombinant) in the form of injections 300 U/ml (Gla‑300, Toujeo®). Gla‑300 is a next generation basal insulin with a novel formulation of insulin glargin delivering the same amount of insulin, as Gla‑100 (Lantus®), in 1/3 of the volume. Following the subcutaneous injection, the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of Gla‑300 are more stable and prolonged (beyond 24 hours) compared with Gla‑100, due to a more gradual and extended release of glargine from the subcutaneous depot (Gla‑300 forms a more compact subcutaneous depot with a smaller surface compared to Gla‑100). The clinical efficacy and safety of Gla‑300 in people with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus are discussed with an emphasis on recently released data from the EDITION (phase 3a) clinical trials. Gla‑300 demonstrates comparable glycaemic control and similar safety profile with lower incidence of hypoglycaemia events (first of all, nocturnal hypoglycemia) compared to Gla‑100. Gla‑300 provided a flexible regimen of insulin administration (24 ± 3 h in the morning vs in the evening) and was associated with less body weight gain., В данном обзоре рассматривается новая формула инсулина гларгин (рекомбинантный) в форме инъекций 300 Ед/мл (Gla‑300, Toujeo®, Тожео®). Gla‑300 представляет собой следующее поколение базального инсулина с новой формулой инсулина гларгин, доставляющей то же количество инсулина, что и Gla‑100 (Лантус®), в 1/3 объема. После подкожного введения фармакокинетический и фармакодинамический профиль Gla‑300 является более стабильным и продленным (более 24 часов) по сравнению с Gla‑100, что связано с более постепенным и продленным выделением гларгина из подкожного депо (Gla‑300 формирует более компактное подкожное депо с меньшей поверхностью в сравнении с Gla‑100). С фокусом на результатах недавних клинических исследований EDITION (3а-фаза) обсуждается клиническая эффективность и безопасность Gla‑300 у лиц, больных сахарным диабетом 1-го и 2-го типа. Gla‑300 демонстрировал сопоставимый гликемический контроль и подобный профиль безопасности в условиях более низкой частоты гипогликемических событий (в первую очередь ночных гипогликемий) по сравнению с Gla‑100. Gla‑300 обеспечивал гибкий режим введения инсулина (24 ± 3 часа или утром vs вечером) и был ассоциирован с меньшим набором веса., У даному огляді розглядається нова формула інсуліну гларгін (рекомбінантний) у вигляді ін’єкції 300 Од/мл (Gla‑300, Toujeo®, Тожео®). Gla‑300 — наступна генерація базального інсуліну з новою формулою інсуліну гларгін, що доносить таку ж кількість інсуліну, як і гларгін‑100 (Gla‑100, Лантус®), в 1/3 об’єму. Після підшкірного введення фармакокінетичний та фармакодинамічний профілі Gla‑300 є більш стабільними та продовженими (більш ніж 24 години) порівняно з Gla‑100, що пов’язано з більш поступовим та продовженим виділенням гларгіну з підшкірного депо (Gla‑300 утво­рює більш компактне підшкірне депо зі зменшеною поверхнею порівняно з Gla‑100). Із фокусом на результатах недавніх клінічних випробувань EDITION (3а фаза) обговорюється клінічна ефективність та безпечність Gla‑300 у людей, хворих на цукровий діабет 1-го та 2-го типу.Gla‑300 демонстрував співставний глікемічний контроль та подібний профіль безпечності за умов більш низької частоти гіпоглікемічних подій (в першу чергу ночних гіпоглікемій) порівняно з Gla‑100. Gla‑300 забезпечував гнучкий режим введення інсуліну (24 ± 3 години або ранком vs увечері) та був асоційований iз меншим збільшенням ваги.

Summary Thermoelectric materials could play an important role in global sustainable energy. However, improving thermoelectric efficiency has proved difficult, largely due to the complex interdependence of electronic properties of solids. Early work by Ioffe has developed into the standard thermoelectric optimization paradigm of tuning the electronic carrier concentration in semiconductors. Although the localization theory of electrons by Anderson and Mott has developed in parallel, its potential for thermoelectrics optimization has not been explored. Here, we show that structural-disorder-induced electron localization also provides an effective optimization strategy for thermoelectric materials. By using a transport model that includes the relevant physics of localization, it is shown that the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit can be increased ∼20% by tuning both carrier concentration and disorder. The benefit of slight disorder is confirmed in two model Ge-Sb-Te material systems. Particularly for highly degenerate semiconductors, this bidimensional optimization strategy provides a new methodology to attain high thermoelectric performance.

In the experimental study on young adult male rabbits it was found leveling of circadian rhythm in insulin concentration and violation of circadian pattern of glucose (inversion, which is replaced by leveling) in the dynamics of the formation of metabolic syndrome, which develops in the hypopinealism induced by long-term exposure to low-light in the dark. Change in the circadian rhythm of secretion of insulin, glucose, and hyperinsulinemia that result of chronic disturbance of natural light/dark cycle, are the basis of the manifestation of the metabolic syndrome in hypopinealism.

The article is devoted to R. M. Mayorova, D. A. Granin’s wife, with whom his creative success is associated. For decades, she had screened her husband from everyday worries so that he could pursue his literary career. Besides, she was in charge of his correspondence, worked as a translator, collected and processed data for future books and articles, typed the texts of his manuscripts on a typewriter. Foreign writers, publishers, cultural and public activists perceived Granin and Mayorova as an indivisible entity. Unfortunately, almost nothing has been written about Mayorova so far, although the archives contain many documents that confi rm her contribution to Granin’s achievements.

The article deals with the important problem of forming public opinion as one of the main objects of information wars in the course of their conduct in modern conditions of social development. Purposeful influence on the state and meaningful characteristics of the mass consciousness, public opinion occur through the use of propaganda, political advertising, public relations. It is clear that sustainable formation of public opinion occurs in the process of interpersonal communication of its carriers. In general, there are two points to be made. First, how does the process go, second, what are its features when it comes to information warfare.The main attention is given to the consideration of the key sources used in such formation, the specific features of their use are analyzed:1. Individual and collective experience of people, social groups, population of the country as a whole. It is this kind of experience (for example, when it comes to relations between Ukraine and the Russian Federation in recent years) that generates certain assessments, opinions, and overall attitude to existing problems.2. Scientific information that functions not only in scientific and political circles, but also in a certain way among the general population.3. General social information transmitted through different channels and categories should be characterized by such information characteristics as novelty, reliability, accessibility and some others.4. Rumors, gossip, certainly play a significant and important role in shaping public opinion in times of information wars.5. Ideological and information filters act as the next important factor in the formation of public opinion, fulfilling the specific but important role of a “grid” that misses or delays one or another information on its path to the recipient, the recipient.6. Stereotypes also serve as a very important element of the public opinion system.The analysis is mainly based on the consideration of problems of public opinion formation in the process of information war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, which has been going on since 2014. Examples of various use of sources of public opinion formation in the process of organizing propaganda and counter propaganda are given.

Introduction. In the current conditions of globalization and the development of financial technologies, it is necessary for the financial system of the country to adapt to changing conditions of its functioning by developing effective directions of strengthening its financial security. The current situation creates both additional opportunities for strengthening financial security and new threats. There is a need to change the paradigm of financial security formation of the country as a whole and its components in particular, including through the use of financial technology capabilities. Purpose. The main purpose of the study is to deepen the theoretical and methodological foundations and to monitor the factors influencing the level of financial security of Ukraine in the context of digitization. Results. The economic essence of financial security of the state is analyzed and the factors of influence on its level in Ukraine in terms of digitization are considered. The hypothesis of the existence of an influence on the level of financial security of Ukraine of independent indicators that change the system of its formation and strength, including the index of perception of corruption and the ratio of public and government guaranteed debt to GDP, has been proved. It is substantiated that there is a relationship between the independent and the dependent variable, and the model developed is adequate. The calculated coefficient of determination convincingly proves that the 69.33% variation in the country's financial security level is determined by the variation of independent indicators. It is revealed that with the increase of the Corruption Perceptions Index in Ukraine by 1%, the level of financial security increases by 0.67%, provided that the other factors are steel, and if the ratio of public and government guaranteed debt to GDP increases by 1%, then the level of financial security countries decreases by 0.32%. Conclusions. The existence of a strong link between independent and dependent variables is mathematically established, which confirms the paradigm shift in the formation of financial security of Ukraine in the context of digitization.

Pharmacological activation of sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), which can mimic calorie restriction, reduce fat deposition along with stimulating its utilization, and possibly erase "metabolic memory", is a promising goal for the prevention and treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to evaluate the specific antidiabetic effect of the original heterocyclic compound with the proprietary name pyrabentin with in situ proven ability to activate human sirtuin-1 on the experimental model of "metabolic memory" in rats. The study was conducted on adult male Wistar rats (n=24), which were kept on a high-fat diet (HFD) for 5 months, control sex- and age-matched animals (n=6) were received standard diet (StD). At the end of the 5-mo HFD-period, the animals were randomized for the study over the next two months into 4 groups as follows: HFD/HFD+placebo, HFD/StD+placebo, HFD/StD+pyrabentin (PB), HFD/StD+metformin (MF). PB was administered orally at 50 mg/kg body weight as an aqueous suspension with Tween-80 daily, the reference drug metformin was administered in a similar way at 100 mg/kg body weight, the control group received a placebo. Glucose tolerance test and short insulin test were performed, body weight, abdominal adipose tissue weight by fraction and blood pressure were assessed. Shapiro-Wilk test, paired and unpaired Student’s t-test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used. It was found that 60-day administration of pyrabentin to rats with a model of "metabolic memory", insulin resistance and obesity, was realized in a statistically significant decrease in basal glycemia, glucose intolerance, body weight and weight of abdominal adipose tissue fractions with comparable efficacy to the reference drug. This was accompanied by improved insulin sensitivity and blood pressure.

In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) a pattern of biochemical and anthropometric measures, and their diagnostic value were studied. A significant increase in the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in the group of patients with NAFLD was found. In the course of further verification of the WHR diagnostic significance has been established that for men this indicator can not be considered as a risk factor for NAFLD. Using the logistic regression and Roc-analysis, a diagnostic model was developed for the allocation of risk groups for the development of NAFLD in women with type 2 diabetes under the WHR. Defined threshold value of the WHR — 0.93; sensitivity is 75%; specificity is 50%; PPV (positive prognostic value) — 44%, NPV (negative prognostic value) — 79%, аccuracy index — 58%. The calculation of the WHR is sufficiently informative, which makes it possible to use it in population surveys in obesity prevention programs, NAFLD, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The model allows to form a risk group for NAFLD among women with type 2 diabetes using simple and affordable anthropometric indicator.

This article presents the results of studying the level of stress resistance among medical students. 140 people from all courses including residents were examined. The authors used the Usatov I. A. author's method "Test to determine the level of stress resistance of the individual" to assess the stress resistance. Also students were tested on the basis of the questionnaire horn-Ostberg in the modification of Stepanova to determine their type of the chronotype. It was found that medium level of stress resistance (64.3%) and "mild evening" type of chronotype (52.8%) are the most prevalent. The analysis of the dependence of stress resistance on the course and sex is showed. The lowest levels of stress resistance were observed in first, second and third year students and in the analysis on the basis of sex - in girls. The correlations between the level of stress resistance and the human chronotype which have shown that students of the evening type of chronotype have lower level of stress resistance than students of the morning type are analyzed. Due to this fact the article also proposes a system of prevention that helps to minimize negative manifestations in disorder of the cycle of "sleep-wakefulness".

It was examined repeatedly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at the age within 33 and 65 years. It was established a significant increase in leptin and triglyceride levels in group of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. These indicators can be used as prognostic factors for the pathology risk assessment. Discriminant analysis with calculation of sensitivity, specificity, prognostic value of the positive and negative results and the accuracy index was conducted. It has been developed the diagnostic model for the identification of individuals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease development risk among the type 2 diabetic patients based on the combined pattern of triglyceridemia and leptinemia, which will improve the quality of diagnosis and forming groups for preventive therapy.

Febrile seizures (FS) are usually self-limiting and cause no morbidity. Nevertheless they represent very traumatic events for families. There is a need to identify key messages that reassure carers and help to prevent inappropriate, anxiety-driven behaviors associated with "fever phobia." No recommendations have been proposed to date regarding the content of such messages. Using a Delphi process, we have established a consensus regarding the information to be shared with families following a FS. Twenty physicians (child neurologists and pediatricians) from five European countries participated in a three-step Delphi process between May 2018 and October 2019. In the first step, each expert was asked to give 10 to 15 free statements about FS. In the second and third steps, statements were scored and selected according to the expert ranking of importance. A list of key messages for families has emerged from this process, which offer reassurance about FS based on epidemiology, underlying mechanisms, and the emergency management of FS should they recur. Interestingly, there was a high level of agreement between child neurologists and general pediatricians.Conclusion: We propose key messages to be communicated with families in the post-FS clinic setting. What is Known: • Febrile seizures (FS) are traumatic events for families. • No guidelines exist on what information to share with parents following a FS. What is New: • A Delphi process involving child neurologists and pediatricians provides consensual statement about information to deliver after a febrile seizure. • We propose key messages to be communicated with families in the post-FS clinic setting.

Purpose: How can public–private partnerships (PPPs) financed by social impact bonds (SIBs) achieve measurable indicators of social success within a short time? We undertake this research to find simple, reliable indicators of social success resulting from PPPs. Design/Methodology/Approach: We statistically analyze data from all SIB-financed projects worldwide in the areas of education and training, using a logistic mixed effect model. In addition, we use an alternative approach to analyze the predictors of outcome success within homelessness projects, as they offered the most complete set of information. Findings: We prove that the vast majority of problems associated with issuing SIBs globally relate to the measurable quantification of positive social impacts. Practical Implications: We propose a public policy for financing higher education with SIBs where appropriate, wherein countable results are achieved as soon as the cooperation starts and each stakeholder gains. Originality/Value: Our proposed solution ensures a trade-off between profitability and immediate social effect among all partners., peer-reviewed

In this article examines the economic and management reasons for the low profitability of most Ukrainian agricultural enterprises. Due to the low level of salaries, there is a shortage of qualified service personnel. Approximately 90% of agricultural machinery in the fields is obsolete or worn out. The younger generation tends to go to work in the city. Increasing labor productivity will reduce the costs of agricultural enterprises and contribute to the successful functioning of the labor market. Professional development, training and retraining of personnel are essential for agricultural enterprises. Enterprises without government support are experiencing difficulties in solving this problem. In our opinion, an active role of the state in training workers in the agricultural sector of the economy will help to reduce the level of migration of labor resources from rural areas to cities. An increase in the level of responsibility of employees, in our opinion, can be achieved through training and subsequent state certification, with the aim of using their professional knowledge and skills in the future.

There is no doubt about the urgency of ensuring trust in e-voting systems since elections without trust cannot be acceptable in a democratic society. To solve this problem, it was proposed to use blockchain technology, however, in voting systems this leads to significant delays in the execution of transactions, and the software solution is accessible only to a narrow circle of specialists, which clearly does not help to show confidence on the part of voters. This paper proposes a different approach, which is based on the widely available verification of all means and processes that may cause distrust in the accuracy of the vote count or in ensuring their confidentiality. We offer a solution to the problem of transparency of all hardware and software that cause distrust. Voting systems that use this approach are implemented in three leading Ukrainian universities for student elections to self-government bodies. The conceptual model of the e-voting system for state elections on the example of Ukraine is presented. Links to Internet resources are provided where you can not only get acquainted with the principles of building the system, but also conduct an experimental vote in Ukrainian, English or Russian. You can also copy and test e-voting server software on your computers.

The purpose of the article: analysis of the problems of propaganda as an important type of information weapon, forms of propaganda used in modern information wars. The empirical basis of the study is the data of sociological research conducted by the author: a survey of the population of Zaporozhye on the attitude of the population to the problems of information warfare, conducted by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, during the study (640 inhabitants of Zaporozhye using a quota sample, 2017). ) and expert survey of representatives of a number of specific categories of the population: anti-terrorist operation soldiers, volunteers, teachers of socio-political departments of higher education institutions (32 people, 2016).Theoretically, the current and important problem related to the role of propaganda as an important weapon used in modern information wars, in particular the information war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine, is considered. The essence of propaganda and its possibilities in the process of forming public opinion of the population, technologies used to influence the population of opponents during the information war are analyzed, in particular, some examples of such a war between the Russian Federation and Ukraine are given. Propaganda should be understood as “intensive communication processes aimed at changing the behavior of the audience to which they are set. On the one hand, we see propaganda as a form of political communication, information warfare, along with such as advertising and PR; on the other - as methods, tools, technologies of similar influence act mass media and oral propaganda, the Internet, etc.The main modern forms of propaganda influence on the population are considered: direct propaganda (communication developed by one social group in order to influence the thoughts, guidelines and behavior of others), jeans (positive material about a politician or party that is not accompanied by any messages, notifications that it advertising), publicity (information from an independent source used by the media because it has the value of news), propaganda 2.0 (propaganda hidden within literature and art, movies and TV series), features of their use and effectiveness.

Currently, in all regions of Republic of Belarus much attention is paid to improving the functioning of agricultural enterprises. Due to the fact that their level of liquidity and profitability to a large extent becomes dependent on the current state of the state food market, its ability to meet the needs of legal entities and the population and the ability to purchase high-quality agricultural products have a great influence on agricultural export growth indicators and dependence countries from food imports. In view of this, the concepts of financial results and their role in the development of the activities of an agricultural enterprise are disclosed in this article. The relevance of the topic of this study is due to the fact that at this stage of the development of agriculture in the Republic of Belarus, not only a significant amount of state assistance to agricultural enterprises plays an important role, but also an increase in the efficiency of the agricultural enterprises themselves, an increase in their added value and their products.

The objective: to assess the clinical efficacy of dietary supplements Valesan in the treatment of primary algodysmenorrhea in adolescent girls. Materials and methods. The study involved 58 adolescent girls with primary algodysmenorrhea (30 patients in clinical group and 28 girls of the comparison group). Adolescent girls of the clinical group, in addition to the standard treatment of primary algodysmenorrhea, also received the dietary supplements Valesan. To assess the effectiveness of treatment, an analysis of complaints, a comprehensive physical, gynecological examination, pelvic ultrasound, an assessment of the rate of anxiety and depression with a hospital HADS scale in dynamics, an insomnia assessment according to Levine Ya.I. (1995) in dynamics, observation during 3 months of treatment in a row, drug tolerance analysis. Results. Valesan’s own experience in the complex treatment of primary algodysmenorrhea in adolescent girls was showed that add of Valesan to the basic therapy positively affects the psycho-emotional state of patients, improves sleep, reduces anxiety and improves mood, facilitates the course of the disease. Admission Valesan was demonstrated good tolerability and absolute safety in appointment. Conclusion. The positive influence of the dietary supplements Valesan on the psycho-emotional state in primary algodysmenorrhea therapy in girls of pubertal age, good tolerability, absence of side effects and high clinical efficacy do it possible to recommend its use in the health care system in the complex treatment of this pathology. Key words: primary algodysmenorrhea, girls of pubertal age, psycho-emotional state, anxiety, insomnia, Valesan.

Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the risk factors of occurrence, features of the clinical course of NSTE-ACS in peri- and postmenopausal women, depending on the hormonal status. Material and methods. 112 patients with NSTE-ACS peri- and postmenopausal women aged 39-72 years (average age 58.52± .99 years) were examined. Depending on the type of hormonal status, all women were divided into groups: group A — 64 patients 39-72 years (averge age 60.77 ±1.16) with estradiol levels 80 pmol/l and LH/FSH>1. The features of the course were determined by comparing the main clinical characteristics and anamnestic data of patients at the time of hospitalization. Results. Regardless of hormonal balance, in women of both groups, approximately the same structure of clinical forms of NSTE ACS with a tendency to predominance of NSEMI (59,37±6,13% (A) and 52,08±7,21% (B), p> 0,05) In women with estrogen deficiency of group A, a prevalence of hypertension (82.81±4.72%) and angina (79.69 ±5.02%) is observed in the development of NSTE-ACS in 1.3-1.5 times. For women with a preserved hormonal balance (group B), a significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (31.25±5.15%), smoking (54.16 ±7.19%) and occupationally harmful labor (89.58±4.41%) They also have a higher proportion of people with atypical pain syndrome (47,92 ±7,21% (B) vs 35,93±6,93% (A), p 24 hours) hospitalization in a profile hospital (58,33±7,11% (B) vs 39,06±6,09% (A)), p 140 points). Compared with women of group B, they have a three-fold higher risk of developing repeated MI (OR=3,00±0,11, SI=1,73-4,21), a 5.7-fold higher risk of HF progression (OR=5.74 ±0,12, SI=4,27-7,11) and twice the chances of death in 6 months (OR=2,03±0,21, SI=0,69-3,32). Conclusions. In the group of women with estrogen deficiency NSTEACS develops against the background of a greater prevalence and duration of hypertension and angina pectoris in history, accompanied by a more severe course of the disease. Hospital and distant prognosis for them is significantly more unfavorable. In women with relatively preserved hormonal status, NSTE-ACS occurs in the context of increased prevalence of smoking and exposure to xenobiotics due to prolonged occupationally harmful work, as well as diabetes mellitus, leading to predominantly atypical symptoms and their late admission. The course of NSTE-ACS is characterized by higher levels of SBP and PBP, more frequent development of threatening arrhythmias, which may be the result of higher adrenosympathicotony on the basis of dysestrogenia.

The Gigatracker is the NA62 beam tracker. It is made of three 63 . 1 m m × 29 . 3 m m stations of 300 μ m × 300 μ m hybrid silicon pixel detectors installed in vacuum ( ∼ 1 0 − 6 m b a r ). The beam particles, flowing at 750 M H z , are traced in 4-dimensions by mean of time-stamping pixels with a design resolution of 200 p s . This performance has to be maintained despite the beam irradiation amounting to a yearly fluence of 2 × 1 0 14 1 MeV n eq ∕ cm 2 . The detector material minimization is paramount, as the detector faces the full beam. The station material budget is reduced to 0 . 5 % X 0 by using (HEP world first) micro-channels cooling. We will describe the detector design and performances during the NA62 runs.

International audience; The GigaTracKer (GTK) is the beam spectrometer of the CERN NA62 experiment. The detector features challenging design specifications, in particular a peak particle flux reaching up to 2.0 MHz/mm$^2$, a single hit time resolution smaller than 200 ps and, a material budget of 0.5% X$_0$ per tracking plane. To fulfill these specifications, novel technologies were especially employed in the domain of silicon hybrid time-stamping pixel technology and micro-channel cooling. This article describes the detector design and reports on the achieved performance.

Financial indicators play an important role in the management of an agricultural enterprise. the tasks of the management of the agricultural enterprise are to control the efficiency of employees and maintain the financial stability of the enterprise. In this paper, the problem of ensuring effective management of an agricultural enterprise was investigated. The activity of an agricultural enterprise depends on the influence of external factors: political and legal, technical and economic, ecological and economic, demographic, socio-cultural. We studied the question of how to take into account the influence of variable external factors in the management of an agricultural enterprise. Traditional methods based on financial analysis data, in our opinion, do not fully reflect the situation in the agricultural enterprise. International management accounting standards are optional, but they allow for the use of more flexible indicators in management accounting that take into account the activities of a particular agricultural enterprise. This will facilitate short - and medium-term planning at the agricultural enterprise and facilitate the achievement of the enterprise’s tactical and strategic goals.

Single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region –308 G/A of tumor necrosis factoralpha gene (TNF) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients (n = 118) and healthy habitants of Kharkiv (n = 50) was studied. There were no significant differences in allele frequencies for single nucleotide polymorphism –308 G/A in patients with type 2 diabetes (pG = 0.861, qA = 0.157), patients with type 2 diabetes in the presence of fatty liver disease (pG = 0.873, qA = 0.127) and healthy individuals (pG = 0.930, qA = 0.070). According to our data the contribution of genetic components in the predisposition to the formation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in individuals with diabetes on single nucleotide polymorphism –308 G/A TNF gene was not identified. The obtained data have proved promising for further research, which should be based on a study of the role other candidate genes in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and their relationship to various metabolic parameters, which will clarify the role of genes in the formation of disease.

The GigaTracker is a hybrid silicon pixel detector built for the NA62 experiment aiming at measuring the branching fraction of the ultra-rare kaon decay K+→π+νν¯ at the CERN SPS. The detector has to track particles in a beam with a flux reaching 1.3 MHz/mm2 and provide single-hit timing with 200 ps RMS resolution for a total material budget of less than 0.5% X0 per station. The tracker comprises three 60.8 mm×27 mm stations installed in vacuum (∼10$^{−6}$mbar) and cooled with liquid C6F14 circulating through micro-channels etched inside a few hundred micron thick silicon plates. Each station is composed of a 200 μm thick silicon sensor read out by 2×5 custom 100 μm thick ASICs, called TDCPix. Each chip contains 40×45 asynchronous pixels, 300 μm×300 μm each and is instrumented with 100 ps bin time-to-digital converters. In order to cope with the high rate, the TDCPix is equipped with four 3.2 Gb/s serialisers sending out the data. We will describe the detector and the results from the 2014 and 2015 NA62 runs.

Background and purpose Several epidemiologic studies reported increased mortality in patients with GCA, while others found that the overall survival was essentially identical to that of the general population. Those studies used different methods to calculate the mortality rates. Objectives In this retrospective study we evaluated longevity in a group of GCA patients using specific gender and age-matched life expectancy tables. Methods Medical records of patients diagnosed with GCA in one Medical Centre between 1980–1999 were reviewed for clinical parameters at the time of diagnosis and during the first year of treatment, and for time of death and cause of death. All patients diagnosed as GCA during that time period have already passed away. For each patient the observed survival was compared with the specific age and gender-matched life expectancy in the general population, based on life expectancy tables of the Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Results 87 patients (51 females, 36 males) were included, their mean age at the time of GCA diagnosis was 73.9±8.4 and 75±8.1 years, respectively. The calculated mean life expectancy for this group of patients, from the time of diagnosis, was 14.1±6 years for females and 12±5.2 for males. However, the actual survival was significantly shorter, 7.5±6.2 years (p Conclusion Infectious diseases were often the cause of mortality In this group of GCA patients, relative to the background population. Survival following GCA diagnosis was significantly shorter than expected, especially in patients presenting with vision loss. Disclosure of Interest None declared

A straightforward, direct, and selective method is presented for electrochemical cocaine identification in street samples. The sensing mechanism is based on a simple ion transfer reaction across the polarized liquid-liquid interface. The interfacial behavior of a number of cutting agents is also reported. Interfacial miniaturization has led to improved electroanalytical properties of the liquid-liquid interface based sensor as compared with the macroscopic analogue. The reported method holds great potential to replace colorimetric tests with poor selectivity for on-site street sample analysis.

There is a review of the mechanisms of pancreatic beta-cell programmed death (apoptosis) in type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus. Based on the evidence of anti-apoptotic physiological effects of insulin the necessity of new therapeutic strategy focused on maximal beta-cell function and mass preserving in diabetic patients using modern effective insulin therapy regimen is ground. The advantages of the both long- and short-acting insulin analogues (Lantus® and Apidra®) for early aggressive and safe glucose lowering therapy warranted to beta-cell preservation are argued.

The diagnostic models to highlight the high-risk groups of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus by the level of retinol-binding protein-4, and body mass index using logistic regression and ROC-analysis are developed. By means of logistic regression risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are identified. Thresholds predictors of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are clarified: body mass index of 31 kg/m2 , the concentration of retinol-binding protein-4 — 30 mg/l.

This review describes the molecular mechanisms of therapeutic action of the combination of oral antidiabetic drugs «metformin + glimepiride», aimed at the correction of both defects, which determine the development of metabolic abnormalities in type 2 diabetes mellitus, namely, relative insulin deficiency and insulin resistance. The combination of metformin with glimepiride is optimal in terms of therapeutic effects on both molecules, which metabolic hypoactivity determines the metabolic state of insulin resistance, respectively, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ. In addition, metformin has unique ability to eliminate the phenomenon of «hyperglycemic memory» by increasing the expression and activity of sirtuin-1. On the other hand, the third generation sulfonylurea glimepiride provides a «gentle» stimulation of the β-cells, which maintains the physiological ratio proinsulin/insulin and slows down the development of the phenomenon of β-cell desensitization to physiological and pharmacological stimuli. Glimepiride retains protective phenomenon of ischemic preconditioning and extends the range of therapeutic effect on the pathophysiological components of insulin resistance due to insulin-mimetic and insulin-sensitizing effect, as well as potentiates the beneficial effects of metformin (particularly, via adiponectin). Above mentioned determinated the achievement of optimized therapeutic efficacy of pharmaceutical combination against the background of decreased side effects (reduced dose of glimepiride, metformin).

It was studied the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of –11391 G > A adiponectin gene (ADIPOQ) in patients with type 2 diabetes (n = 223) and healthy inhabitants of Kharkiv (n = 51). It was established the absence of significant differences in allele frequency for SNP –11391 G > A in patients with type 2 diabetes (pG = 0.856 pA = 0.144 ), diabetes mellitus patients complicated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (pG = 0.850 pA = 0.150 ) and healthy individuals (pG = 0.911 pA = 0.088 ). According to the results of the study the contribution of genetic components in the propensity formation for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with diabetes in SNP –11391 G > A gene ADIPOQ was not identified. The data obtained have proved promising of further research, which should be based on a study of the role of other candidate genes in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and their relationship with various metabolic parameters which may allow clarifying the role of genes in disease formation

The review is devoted to the role of sirtuins, particularly SIRT1, in the regulation of processesinvolved in the pathogenesis of obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and its vascular complica-tions. Proved the perspectivity of SIRT1 use as a therapeutic target for patients with diabetes, andalso describes a mechanism for activating SIRT1 in vitro and in vivo by alpha-lipoic acid.

Hematopoietic syndrome of acute radiation syndrome (HSARS) is a life-threatening condition with no approved treatment. We compared recombinant human interleukin-12 (rHuIL-12; 175 ng/kg × 1) with vehicle, granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF; 10 µg/kg/day × 18), or rHuIL-12+G-CSF after lethal irradiation in rhesus monkeys in a Good Laboratory Practice, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study. Fluids, antibiotics, and blood products were not used. Survival at day 60 was significantly increased for rHuIL-12 versus G-CSF or vehicle. rHuIL-12/G-CSF combination provided no additional survival benefit over rHuIL-12. Both rHuIL-12 and rHuIL-12+G-CSF increased blood cell nadirs, induced earlier recovery of all hematopoietic lineages, and significantly decreased frequencies of severe cytopenias versus vehicle or G-CSF. In bone marrow, rHuIL-12 alone increased erythroid, myeloid, and megakaryocyte counts relative to vehicle or G-CSF. Thus, a single injection of rHuIL-12, without supportive medical intervention, significantly improved survival and promoted multilineage hematopoietic recovery in a nonhuman primate model of HSARS.

It was determined levels of retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) in the blood of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or its absence. In patients with type 2 diabetes was verified a significant increase of circulating levels of RBP4, the severity of which was significantly higher in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, as well as their direct correlation with the presence of complications. The data obtained justify the use of indicators of circulatory levels of RBP4 as a new marker of the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with type 2 diabetes and the selection of anti-diabetic therapy.

The article provides an overview of data on the clinical efficacy of glimepiride (Amaryl®) in diabetes mellitus type 2: there are described the effect of glimepiride on insulin resistance, body weight, its antiatherogenic and antithrombotic effects, also an emphasis has been made on the safety of the drug., В статье представлен обзор данных о клинической эффективности глимепирида (Амарил®) при сахарном диабете 2-го типа: описано влияние глимепирида на резистентность к инсулину, на массу тела, описаны его антиатерогенный и антитромботический эффекты, а также сделан акцент на безопасности препарата., У статті наведено огляд даних про клінічну ефективність глімепіриду (Амарил®) при цукровому діабеті 2-го типу: описано вплив глімепіриду на резистентність до інсуліну, на масу тіла, описано його антиатерогенний і антитромботичний ефекти, а також зроблено акцент на безпеці препарату.

The TDCpix is a novel pixel readout ASIC for the NA62 Gigatracker detector. NA62 is a new experiment being installed at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. Its Gigatracker detector shall provide on-beam tracking and time stamping of individual particles with a time resolution of 150 ps rms. It will consist of three tracking stations, each with one hybrid pixel sensor. The peak flow of particles crossing the detector modules reaches 1.27 MHz/mm 2 for a total rate of about 0.75 GHz. Ten TDCpix chips will be bump-bonded to every silicon pixel sensor. Each chip shall perform time stamping of 100 M particle hits per second with a detection efficiency above 99% and a timing accuracy better than 200 ps rms for an overall three-station-setup time resolution of better than 150 ps. The TDCpix chip has been designed in a 130 nm CMOS technology. It will feature 45×40 square pixels of 300 × 300 μ m 2 and a complex End of Column peripheral region including an array of TDCs based on DLLs, four high speed serializers, a low-jitter PLL, readout and control circuits. This contribution will describe the complete design of the final TDCpix ASIC. It will discuss design choices, the challenges faced and some of the lessons learned. Furthermore, experimental results from the testing of circuit prototypes will be presented. These demonstrate the achievement of key performance figures such as a time resolution of the processing chain of 75 ps rms with a laser sent to the center of the pixel and the capability of time stamping charged particles with an overall resolution below 200 ps rms.