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Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is ranked 27th cause of death in the world in 1990 and increased 18th in 2010. The results of Riskesdas in 2013 showed the prevalence of CKD in Indonesia by 0.2% or 2 per 1000 population. A long history of hypertension and kidney stones can cause a decrease in kidney function, patients with chronic renal failure who are still working have a level of fatigue that can trigger stress. Working conditions outdoors in hot temperatures can result in dehydration. The severity of patients with chronic kidney failure can be influenced by hypertension, kidney stones and work. Objective: To analyze risk factors for the severity of chronic kidney failure that undergo hemodialysis at Ulin Regional Hospital in South Kalimantan. Method: An observational analytic study with a cross sectional study design. A sample of 65 patients using simple random sampling. The research instrument used patient medical record data. Data analysis with descriptive and statistical namely chi square and multiple logistic regression. Results: Patients who also suffered from hypertension had a greater risk for end-stage CKD (p = 0.010). Patients who also suffered from kidney stones had a greater risk for end-stage CKD (p = 0.034). Kidney failure patients who are still working have a risk of CRF (p = 0.011). Analysis using multiple logistic regression showed hypertension variables (p = 0.010; Exp.B = 7.236), kidney stones (p = 0.034; Exp.B = 5.221), and occupation (p = 0.011; Exp.B = 5.424) with a level of confidence 95%. Conclusion: There is a relationship between hypertension, kidney stones, and occupation with the severity of chronic kidney failure, with the most dominant variable hypertension among the three variables.

Background: Badan Penyelenggaran Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) is a form of the implementation of the National Health Insurance which is tasked to ensure the maintenance of health for all Indonesians. But many people are not satisfied with BPJS. Kurniawan research in 2015, treatment measures (aspects of assurance) were significantly different between uninsured patients and BPJS patients. Idaman Hospital, Banjarbaru is a type C hospital owned by the city government, as an advanced level health facility in implementing BPJS. Pulp treatment is a kind of treatments in dental and mouth which covered by BPJS. Purpose: To know the description of pulp treatment and post pulp treatment materials in BPJS and uninsured patients in Idaman District Hospital, Banjarbaru. Methods: A descriptive observational study with retrospective secondary data collect from patient registers in January-December 2018. Results: Outpatients that insured by BPJS were 78.84% and uninsured were 21.10%. The use of dental pulp treatment materials was arsenic with 13.6% in BPJS patients and 6.6% in uninsured patients, formocresol with 21.5% in BPJS patients and 5.6% in uninsured patients, cresophene 20.42% in BPJS patients and 3.76% in uninsured patients, eugenol 2,81% in BPJS patients and 2.35% in uninsured patients. The most common used post-pulp treatment materials were 16.6% GIC for BPJS patients and 6.09% in uninsured patients, while composites were only 0.23% for both. Conclusion: Dental pulp treatment materials in BPJS and uninsured patients are arsenic, formocresol, cresophene and eugenol, while post pulp treatment materials are GIC and composite. Keywords : BPJS, Pulp Treatment, Uninsured Patients

In this present study, we try to investigate the effect of three different water to the demineralization of several tooth minerals, such as calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorus (P), and fluor (F). Tooth samples were taken from 24 human maxillary premolars 1 free of caries and defects. All the tooth samples were extracted in Dental Faculty, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. A water sample is taken from Martapura river, and households that used a tap and well water in Martapura, Banjar District, South Kalimantan, Indonesia with pH value around 5.8, 6.99, and 7.11 respectively. For the control, we used an aquades with the pH value is about 7.2. Tooth samples then divided into four groups with; C served as control; T1 which submerge the tooth in river water; T2 which submerge the tooth in tap water; and T3 which submerge the tooth in a well water. The treatment lasts for 4 days, and each day the demineralization rate constant and regression coefficient of Ca, Mg, P, and F was analyzed. Generally, the tooth submersion in river water increased the demineralization rate constant of all tooth minerals that investigated in this study. The results also show that the treatment shows a negative correlation with demineralization process of all tooth minerals. The results of this present study indicated that all treatment can cause the demineralization of tooth mineral such as, Ca, Mg, P, and F. The highest demineralization rate was found in the treatment with river water than another treatment.

This study aimed to investigate the mineral characteristics, hydroxyapatite crystal, and mesostructure among heavy smoker teeth. Twenty five subjects were divided into two groups including non smoker group (15 subjects) and heavy smoker group (10 subjects). Teeth mineral element was measured using X-Ray Fluorescence. The hydroxyapatite crystal structure was analyzed using X-Ray Diffraction. Mesostructure was determined using Scanning Electron Microscope. The level of Ca, P, Fe, Cu, Zn, S, Si, Cr, Ti, Mn, Ni, In, Re, Ba, K, Mo, V, Sr, Co, Er, Yb, Zr, and Ca/P ratio were not significantly different in the smoker group compared with a non smoker group (P > 0.05). The lattice parameter of smoker was different compared with non smoker group. In addition, the crystal size of the smoker was higher compared with control. We also found that mesostructure of the smoker was different compared with non smoker. In conclusion, smoking activity affect the hydroxyapatite crystal and disrupt the remodeling surface of teeth. Key words: smoking; dental; structure; surface; remodeling