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The high-speed train control system is essential to the safety and efficiency of train operation. With the rapid increase of high-speed railway (HSR) operating mileage and development of information technology, the disposal flow and methods in emergency response are still based on dispatchers and drivers' experience within the ``layered'' architecture of current system. There is a certain gap between current processing methods and effective resolution, which may even cause the spread of delay along with the railway networks. Therefore, we propose an integration system of operation control and online rescheduling to improve the recovery ability of HSR carrying capacity. We first describe the framework, information flow, and disposal process of the current system and analyze the shortcomings in handling emergencies. Then, the basic concept, system structure, and framework of the integration system are introduced. Finally, taking temporary speed restriction caused by strong wind as an example, we also analyze the principle of why and how the integration system can promote the recovery ability of HSR carrying capacity.

Feature selection aims to select strongly relevant features and discard the rest. Recently, embedded feature selection methods, which incorporate feature weights learning into the training process of a classifier, have attracted much attention. However, traditional embedded methods merely focus on the combinatorial optimality of all selected features. They sometimes select the weakly relevant features with satisfactory combination abilities and leave out some strongly relevant features, thereby degrading the generalization performance. To address this issue, we propose a novel embedded framework for feature selection, termed feature selection boosted by unselected features (FSBUF). Specifically, we introduce an extra classifier for unselected features into the traditional embedded model and jointly learn the feature weights to maximize the classification loss of unselected features. As a result, the extra classifier recycles the unselected strongly relevant features to replace the weakly relevant features in the selected feature subset. Our final objective can be formulated as a minimax optimization problem, and we design an effective gradient-based algorithm to solve it. Furthermore, we theoretically prove that the proposed FSBUF is able to improve the generalization ability of traditional embedded feature selection methods. Extensive experiments on synthetic and real-world data sets exhibit the comprehensibility and superior performance of FSBUF.

In the research of mining software repositories, we need to label a large amount of data to construct a predictive model. The correctness of the labels will affect the performance of a model substantially. However, limited studies have been performed to investigate the impact of mislabeled instances on a predictive model. To bridge the gap, in this work, we perform a case study on the security bug report (SBR) prediction. We found five publicly available datasets for SBR prediction contains many mislabeled instances, which lead to the poor performance of SBR prediction models of recent studies (e.g., the work of Peters et al. and Shu et al.). Furthermore, it might mislead the research direction of SBR prediction. In this paper, we first improve the label correctness of these five datasets by manually analyzing each bug report, and we find 749 SBRs, which are originally mislabeled as Non-SBRs (NSBRs). We then evaluate the impacts of datasets label correctness by comparing the performance of the classification models on both the noisy (i.e., before our correction) and the clean (i.e., after our correction) datasets. The results show that the cleaned datasets result in improvement in the performance of classification models. The performance of the approaches proposed by Peters et al. and Shu et al. on the clean datasets is much better than on the noisy datasets. Furthermore, with the clean datasets, the simple text classification models could significantly outperform the security keywords-matrix-based approaches applied by Peters et al. and Shu et al.

It remained challenging to fabricate Tb3+-doped lanthanide nanocrystals (NCs) to simultaneously acquire strong energy migration upconversion (EMU) emissions of Tb3+ while suppressing the Tm3+ UV up...

BACKGROUND Since several lines of evidence suggest that estrogens may be involved in lung carcinogenesis, it has been hypothesized that intake of phytoestrogens, similar in molecular structure to mammalian estrogens, may be associated with lung cancer development. OBJECTIVE To prospectively evaluate the association between phytoestrogen exposure and lung cancer risk in never-smoking females. DESIGN We conducted a nested case-control study within a population-based prospective cohort study of adult females. A total of 478 incident lung cancer cases and their individually matched controls were identified among never-smoking females after a mean follow-up of 15.6 years. Habitual intake of and internal exposure to phytoestrogens were assessed by repeated dietary surveys and urinary biomarkers, respectively. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for lung cancer were estimated in conditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounders, a moderate intake of dietary isoflavones was inversely associated with lung cancer risk in never-smoking females, with OR for the second quartile vs lowest quartile of intake being 0.52 (95% CI: 0.35, 0.76). Further increasing intake did not convey additional benefits, with ORs (95% CI) for the third and fourth quartiles being 0.53 (0.36, 0.78) and 0.47 (0.31, 0.72), respectively (P-overall < 0.001 and P-nonlinearity = 0.006). A similar association shape was seen when exposure to isoflavones was assessed by urinary biomarkers. ORs (95% CI) for the second, third and fourth quartiles vs lowest quartile of urinary isoflavone excretion were 0.57 (0.39, 0.83), 0.64 (0.44, 0.92) and 0.60 (0.41, 0.86), respectively. The inverse association plateaued beyond the second quartile, with P-overall = 0.04 and P-nonlinearity = 0.15. Urinary excretion of gut-microbiota-derived metabolites of lignans was not related to lung cancer risk. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that moderately increasing intake of isoflavone-rich foods is associated with lower risk of lung cancer in never-smoking females.

Quantitative ultrasound (QUS), which is commonly used to extract quantitative features from the ultrasound radiofrequency (RF) data or the RF envelope signals for tissue characterization, is becoming a promising technique for noninvasive assessments of liver fibrosis. However, the number of feature variables examined and finally used in the existing QUS methods is typically small, to some extent limiting the diagnostic performance. Therefore, this paper devises a new multiparametric QUS (MP-QUS) method which enables the extraction of a large number of feature variables from US RF signals and allows for the use of feature-engineering and machinelearning based algorithms for liver fibrosis assessment. In the MP-QUS, eighty-four feature variables were extracted from multiple QUS parametric maps derived from the RF signals and the envelope data. Afterwards, feature reduction and selection were performed in turn to remove the feature redundancy and identify the best combination of features in the reduced feature set. Finally, a variety of machine-learning algorithms were tested for classifying liver fibrosis with the selected features, based on the results of which the optimal classifier was established and used for final classification. The performance of the proposed MPQUS method for staging liver fibrosis was evaluated on an animal model, with histologic examination as the reference standard. The mean accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve achieved by MP-QUS are respectively 83.38%, 86.04%, 80.82% and 0.891 for recognizing significant liver fibrosis, and 85.50%, 88.92%, 85.24% and 0.924 for diagnosing liver cirrhosis. The proposed MP-QUS method paves a way for its future extension to assess liver fibrosis in human subjects.

This work proposes a strategy of alloying SnOx with Lu2O3 to form an ultra-wide bandgap (> 4.5 eV) ternary alloy film based on which a high-performance deep ultraviolet (DUV) detector is fabricated. A series of LuySn1-yOx (0 ≤ y ≤ 0.24) amorphous films are deposited on SiC substrates by magnetron sputtering with their band gap continuously adjustable from 4.0 eV to 4.9 eV. The findings here both confirm the feasibility of widening the band gap of Lu-alloyed SnOx by increasing Lu content for the first time and prove the potential owned by this wide-bandgap alloy film in the field of DUV detection. This work can provide a reference for developing DUV detection technology through bandgap engineering in the future.

Introduction n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) have anti-inflammatory effects and may reduce colorectal cancer risk. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on markers of rectal cell proliferation and apoptosis and examine how genetic variation in desaturase enzymes might modify this effect. Methods We conducted a randomized, double-blind, control six-month trial of 2.5 grams of n-3 LCPUFA per day compared to olive oil. Study participants had a history of colorectal adenomas. Randomization was stratified based on the gene variant rs174535 in the fatty acid desaturase 1 enzyme (FADS1). Our primary outcome was change in markers of rectal epithelial proliferation and apoptosis. Results A total of 141 subjects were randomized. We found no difference in apoptosis markers between participants randomized to n-3 LCPUFA compared to olive oil (P = 0.41). N-3 LCPUFA supplementation increased cell proliferation in the lower colonic crypt compared to olive oil (P = 0.03) however baseline indexes of proliferation were different between the groups at randomization. We found no evidence that genotype modified the effect. Conclusions Our study did not show evidence of a proliferative or pro-apoptotic effect on n-3 LCPUFA supplementation on rectal mucosa regardless of the FADS genotype.ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01661764Supplemental data for this article is available online at https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01635581.2021.1955286.

Background Ketamine has rapid and robust antidepressant effects in depression, while its effects on cognitive measures are less clearly understood. This aim of the study herein is to determine whether ketamine has direct pro-cognitive effects in real-world treatment depression and/or suicidality. Methods Subjects with unipolar (n = 84) and bipolar (n = 27) depression suffering treatment resistance or suicidality received six infusions of ketamine (0.5 mg/kg) during a 12-day period. Depression symptoms were assessed using the Montgomery–Asberg Depression Rating Scale at baseline, day 13 and day 26. Cognitive domains, including processing speed, working memory, visual learning and verbal learning were also measured using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery at the same time-points. Results Significant improvement was observed in processing speed at day 13 (effect size [ES] = 0.501) and day 26 (ES = 0.654), and verbal learning at day 13 (ES = 0.362). Path analysis showed significant direct (β = 2.444, P = 0.017) and indirect (β = 1.220, P = 0.048) effect of ketamine on processing speed, indicating its improvement was partly independent of improvement in depressive symptoms. The direct effect (β = −1.963, P = 0.052) of ketamine on verbal learning was not significant, whereas the indirect effect (β = 1.386, P = 0.024) was significant, indicating treatment with ketamine indirectly improved verbal learning performance, via changes in depressive symptom. Conclusion Six infusions of ketamine have a potential mood independent pro-cognitive effect on processing speed in adults with treatment depression and/or suicidality. The potential pro-cognitive effects of ketamine provide the basis for hypothesizing that other clinical outcomes (e.g., suicidality, functional impairment) reported with ketamine treatment may be in part mediated by improvement in cognition.

Identifying security bug reports (SBRs) accurately from a bug repository can reduce a software product’s security risk. However, the class imbalance problem exists for SBR prediction since the number of SBRs is often limited, and this issue has not been thoroughly investigated in previous studies. In our study, we choose six real-world projects of different sizes with over 120 000 bug reports in total as our empirical subjects. We first analyze the impact of the class imbalance issue on SBR prediction and confirm its negative impact on prediction performance. Then we perform a comparative study of six state-of-the-art class rebalancing methods combined with five popular classification algorithms for SBR prediction. By comparing with the baseline method Farsec, using the class rebalancing methods can improve the performance in 78% of cases in the worst case. Moreover, the combination of the Rose and random forest classification algorithm can construct the model with the best performance, which increases the performance by 267% in the best case and 75% on average in terms of F1-score . Finally, we summarize eight main findings based on our empirical studies’ results, which can provide guidelines for choosing appropriate class rebalancing methods and classifiers for SBR prediction in practice.

Land application of organic wastes such as sewage effluent, biosolids, and animal wastes can introduce pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) into soils. Food plants grown in soils receiving organic wastes may take up PPCP contaminants and accumulate them in the edible tissues. The purpose of this review is to summarize the latest findings on root uptake of PPCPs and their transfer in soil–plant systems, aiming to identify potential risks associated with organic waste application in crop production systems. The processes and mechanisms of root uptake of PPCPs and their subsequent transfer in plants are intensively discussed in the present review. Soil properties, PPCP physicochemical properties, and plant species are demonstrated as the most important factors influencing the uptake and transfer of PPCPs in soil–plant systems. The metabolism processes and mechanisms of PPCPs in plant tissues are further elucidated with exemplification of commonly used PPCPs. The estimated daily intake is employed to assess the potential risks of consuming PPCP-containing foods based on their accumulation in edible plant tissues. Two innovative treatment techniques are proposed as cost-effective practices to reduce PPCP transfer into plants from organic wastes. Accumulation of PPCPs in edible plant tissues is governed by the combined processes of their root uptake, translocation, and metabolism in plants. This paper reviews the latest research advances in understanding the transfer of PPCPs in soil–plant systems, proposes mitigation practices to minimize PPCP entry into food chains, and identifies research challenges.

Increasing the open-circuit voltage (VOC) is of a great significance to achieve high photoelectric conversion efficiency in photovoltaic applications. Here, we present a simple NO2 doping strategy that can significantly modulate the VOC of graphene-based solar-blind ultraviolet photodetectors from 0.96 to 1.84 V. The intriguing result can be demonstrated by the fact that NO2 doping lowers the Fermi surface of graphene and thus enhances quasi-Fermi level splitting of the whole device under illumination. The >103% increase of both external quantum efficiency and photoresponsivity compared to before doping is the result of a 0.88 V increase in the VOC. Our work sheds light on the forming mechanism of VOC in graphene-based photovoltaic detectors and further suggests alternative pathways to enhance the VOC of photovoltaic devices with high efficiency.

Tin halide perovskite's potential as a photovoltaic absorber has not been fully realized to date, largely due to its instability in ambient air. Here, we demonstrate by both experiments and simulations that the air instability of black-phase cesium tin iodide perovskite (γ-CsSnI3) could be greatly lessened by a controlled incorporation of bismuth (Bi) ions into the crystal lattice. Hall effect measurements on films of γ-CsSnI3 suggest the unwanted formation of a tin vacancy and p-type self-doping can be effectively suppressed by the Bi incorporation. Structural and optical results indicate that the Bi incorporation markedly enhances the air stability by impeding the direct conversion of γ-CsSnI3 to zero-dimensional Cs2SnI6. By using a stochastic surface walking (SSW) method integrating neural network (NN) potential and density functional theory (DFT), it is revealed that the remarkable enhanced stability could be attributed to a combination of factors originating from lattice-contraction-induced strain, a suppressed tin vacancy, and an increased energy barrier for the transformation of γ-CsSnI3 to Cs2SnI6. This study provides physical insights into the stabilization mechanism of tin perovskites by heterovalent B-site engineering, paving the way for realizing stable and efficient lead-free perovskite photovoltaics.

To meet the requirement of the wind energy resource assessment and utilization, the statistical characteristics of wind climate in the China mainland were analyzed in this study by using observation wind dataset for 1971–2017 from the China Meteorological Administration (CMA). A series of key factors closely related to wind power development were analyzed, systematically including the spatial and temporal characteristic of wind speed, the distribution of wind speed at different density grades, the density of the cumulative distribution, strong wind days and weak wind days. The characteristics of wind patterns in different regions are also compares. Results indicate that: (1) the regions with the highest wind speed in China centrally locate in Northwest China, North China and Northeast China with the highest wind speed occurs in spring. The annual variation of wind speed in northern China is bimodal while in southern China it is unimodal. (2) The wind speed probability density distribution shows a significant spatial–temporal difference. The wind speed probability distribution is the most concentrated in spring for almost all regions. For each season, the concentrated and stable wind speed occurs in Xinjiang region in spring. While it appears in the region from Northwest China to the northern part of North China for summer and autumn, and in the southern part of North China and Central China for winter. In the case of equal cumulative probability, the highest wind speed locates in Northeast China and the lowest in Sichuan Basin. (3) For 1971–2017, the wind speed in all regions of China showed a decreasing trend on the whole. But this trend slowed down since 1990s. It is​ worth noting that the wind speed in some regions even increased since 2000. (4) The numbers of strong wind day have been decreasing in all regions, but the numbers of weak wind day demonstrate an evolutionary feature of a growth followed by decrease. In most regions, the numbers of weak wind day reached the maximum in the vicinity of 2000 and then decreased rapidly.

Regenerative endodontics (RE) therapy means physiologically replacing damaged pulp tissue and regaining functional dentin-pulp complex. Current clinical RE procedures recruit endogenous stem cells from the apical papilla, periodontal tissue, bone marrow and peripheral blood, with or without application of scaffolds and growth factors in the root canal space, resulting in cementum-like and bone-like tissue formation. Without the involvement of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), it is unlikely that functional pulp regeneration can be achieved, even though acceptable repair can be acquired. DPSCs, due to their specific odontogenic potential, high proliferation, neurovascular property, and easy accessibility, are considered as the most eligible cell source for dentin-pulp regeneration. The regenerative potential of DPSCs has been demonstrated by recent clinical progress. DPSC transplantation following pulpectomy has successfully reconstructed neurovascularized pulp that simulates the physiological structure of natural pulp. The self-renewal, proliferation, and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs are under the control of a cascade of transcription factors. Over recent decades, epigenetic modulations implicating histone modifications, DNA methylation, and noncoding (nc)RNAs have manifested as a new layer of gene regulation. These modulations exhibit a profound effect on the cellular activities of DPSCs. In this review, we offer an overview about epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs; in particular, on the proliferation, odontogenic differentiation, angiogenesis, and neurogenesis. We emphasize recent discoveries of epigenetic molecules that can alter DPSC status and promote pulp regeneration through manipulation over epigenetic profiles.

Acid mine drainage commonly occupies some pore space after underground coal mining, and this severely depreciates coal pillars, thereby posing a significant risk to mine stability. Considering that such depreciation is reflected in the microstructures of these pillars, in the present study, we propose a static immersion method suitable for coal seam samples immersion in the laboratory. We immersed the No. 2–2 coal seam samples from the Ningtiao Tower Coal Mine in Yulin, Shaanxi Province, in different acid mine drainage solutions and monitored the pH, oxidation–reduction potential (ORP), electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) among other water quality parameters for 300 h. After the immersion tests, samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The pH, ORP, EC, and TDS of the prepared acid mine drainage solutions increased significantly as the immersion time increased. Changes in water quality parameters are attributed to the absorption of hydrogen ions by insoluble clay minerals in the coal, which reduced the acidity, increased the pH value, and enhanced the electrical conductivity of the acid mine drainage solutions. SEM analysis reveals differences in the pore characteristics of (pore throat size and orientation) of the coal samples, and these are caused by erosive effects of the acid mine drainage solutions. Pores with throat sizes greater than 10 μ m increased by 95% as the pH of the acid mine drainage solutions decreased, while the dominant pore orientation (60–90°) decreased to the 0–30° or increased to the 150–180° range, thereby increasing their randomness.

Age-related cerebral small-vessel disease (CSVD) is a major cause of stroke and dementia. Despite a widespread acceptance of small-vessel arteriopathy, lacunar infarction, diffuse white matter injury, and cognitive impairment as four cardinal features of CSVD, a unifying pathologic mechanism of CSVD remains elusive. Herein, we introduce partial endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice as a model of age-dependent, spontaneous CSVD. These mice developed cerebral hypoperfusion and blood-brain barrier leakage at a young age, which progressively worsened with advanced age. Their brains exhibited elevated oxidative stress, astrogliosis, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, microbleeds, microinfarction, and white matter pathology. Partial eNOS-deficient mice developed gait disturbances at middle age, and hippocampus-dependent memory deficits at older ages. These mice also showed enhanced expression of bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) in brain pericytes before myelin loss and white matter pathology. Because BMP4 signaling not only promotes astrogliogenesis but also blocks oligodendrocyte differentiation, we posit that paracrine actions of BMP4, localized within the neurovascular unit, promote white matter disorganization and neurodegeneration. These observations point to BMP4 signaling pathway in the aging brain vasculature as a potential therapeutic target. Finally, because studies in partial eNOS-deficient mice corroborated recent clinical evidence that blood-brain barrier disruption is a primary cause of white matter pathology, the mechanism of impaired nitric oxide signaling-mediated CSVD warrants further investigation.

High nut consumption is associated with reduced total and certain cause-specific mortality in general populations. However, its association with cancer outcomes among long-term breast cancer survivors remains unknown. We examined the associations of nut consumption (including peanuts and tree nuts), assessed at 5-year postdiagnosis, with overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) among 3449 long-term breast cancer survivors from the Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, applying Cox regression analysis. During a median follow-up of 8.27 years post dietary assessment, there were 374 deaths, including 252 breast cancer deaths. Among 3274 survivors without previous recurrence at the dietary assessment, 209 developed breast cancer-specific events, that is, recurrence, metastasis or breast cancer mortality. At 5-year post dietary assessment (ie, 10-year postdiagnosis), regular nut consumers had higher OS (93.7% vs 89.0%) and DFS (94.1% vs 86.2%) rates. After multivariable adjustment, nut consumption was positively associated with OS (Ptrend = .022) and DFS (Ptrend = .003) following a dose-response pattern, with hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) of 0.72 (0.52-1.05) for OS and 0.48 (0.31-0.73) for DFS, for participants with greater than median nut intake compared with nonconsumers. The associations did not vary by nut type. Stratified analyses showed that the associations were more evident among participants with a higher total energy intake for OS (Pinteraction = .02) and among participants with early stage (I-II) breast cancers for DFS (Pinteraction = .04). The nut-DFS associations were not modified by estrogen receptor/progesterone receptor status or other known prognostic factors. In conclusion, nut consumption was associated with better survival, particularly DFS, among long-term breast cancer survivors.

BACKGROUND Myxoma is the most common tumor of the heart that can cause embolism, obstruction, and cardiac failure, but rarely causes chylothorax. We herein report a case of chylothorax caused by left atrial myxoma, which responded to diuretic therapy and was subsequently cured by resecting cardiac myxoma. CASE PRESENTATION This is a case of a 63-year-old male with symptoms of cardiac insufficiency who was diagnosed with a left atrial myxoma. The patient also had a massive pleural effusion on the right side, which was diagnosed as chylothorax by Sudan III staining and the content of triglyceride. The pleural effusion disappeared and the symptoms of heart failure were relieved after draining the effusion with a fine thoracic drainage tube, but pleural effusion and cardiac insufficiency symptoms relapsed soon. Although diuretic treatment can improve the symptoms and reduced the amount of chylous fluid preoperatively, the chylous pleural effusion was eventually cured by surgical removal of the tumor, and no recurrence of the tumor and chylothorax was found in the 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Chylothorax is rare comorbidity of cardiac myxoma. Large myxoma can cause congestive heart failure and lead to disfunction of chylous reflux, resulting in chylothorax, which can be cured by resection of the primary tumor.

BACKGROUND Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a common non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. R-CHOP is a protocol for long-term chemotherapy for DLBCL patients. Long-term chemotherapy can lead to low immunity and increase the risk of opportunistic pathogen infections in immunocompromised patients. CASE SUMMARY We report a case of coinfection with Pneumocystis jirovecii (P. jirovecii) and Legionella pneumophila (L. pneumophila) in a patient with DLBCL. The patient was a 40-year-old female who was diagnosed with DLBCL and was admitted due to pulmonary infection. P. jirovecii and L. pneumophila were detected in her bronchoalveolar lavage fluid by hexamine silver staining, isothermal amplification and metagenomic sequencing. CONCLUSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of P. jirovecii and L. pneumophila coinfection found in a DLBCL patient. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of complicated infection in patients undergoing long-term chemotherapy.

Several care models have been developed to improve treatment for depression, all of which provide “enhanced” evidence-based care (EEC). The essential component of these approaches is Measurement-Based Care (MBC). Specifically, Collaborative Care (CC), and Algorithm-guided Treatment (AGT), and Integrated Care (IC) all use varying forms of rigorous MBC assessment, care management, and/or treatment algorithms as key instruments to optimize treatment delivery and outcomes for depression. This meta-analysis systematically examined the effectiveness of EEC versus usual care for depressive disorders based on cluster-randomized studies or randomized controlled trials (RCTs). PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and PsycInfo, EMBASE, up to January 6th, 2020 were searched for this meta-analysis. The electronic search was supplemented by a manual search. Standardized mean difference (SMD), risk ratio (RR), and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated and analyzed. A total of 29 studies with 15,255 participants were analyzed. EEC showed better effectiveness with the pooled RR for response of 1.30 (95%CI: 1.13–1.50, I2 = 81.9%, P I2 = 85.5%, P I2 = 94.3%, P I2 = 68.0%, P = 0.303, 27 studies). This meta-analysis supported EEC as an evidence-based framework to improve the treatment outcome of depressive disorders.Review registration: PROSPERO: CRD42020163668

Entity and relation extraction is a critical task of information extraction in natural language processing. With fast developments of deep learning, this area has attracted great research attention. In spite of these achievements, however, due to the limited feature extraction ability of previous models, extracting overlapping and multiple relation triplets from a sentence is still an enormous challenge. Aim to this issue, here we propose a sequence-to-sequence method, which includes a weighted relative position Transformer encoder to flexibly capture the semantic relationship between entities. To prove the effectiveness of this suggested method, we conduct experiments on two publicly available datasets NYT24 and NYT29. The experimental results show that the proposed approach outperforms previous methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance. Such a framework may shed novel light into knowledge graph construction under complex situations and its potential applications.

Resection of high-grade glioma with sodium fluorescein can improve the resection rate of the glioma and improve survival. However, it is unclear whether the yellow fluorescence boundary of the high-grade glioma is consistent with the actual boundary of the tumor. This study explores the yellow fluorescence boundary and the actual tumor boundary in high-grade glioma surgery.This is a retrospective analysis of 10 patients with high-grade gliomas who underwent tumor visualization with sodium fluorescein. After staining of the tumor, random selections of both developed and non-developed yellow fluorescent border tissue at the fluorescence chromogenic boundary were made, followed by pathological examination. Claudin-5, an important component of the tight connections between vascular endothelial cells, was assessed by immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR in the tumor and surrounding tissues in order to determine the tumor cell content of the tissue, blood-brain barrier damage, and vascular proliferation. The yellow fluorescence boundary was compared with the actual tumor boundary and the results analyzed.Tumor cells were still detected outside the yellow fluorescence boundary during high-grade glioma surgery (There is a difference between the yellow fluorescence boundary and the actual boundary of the tumor in high-grade glioma, and there are glioma cell infiltrations in the brain tissue of the undeveloped yellow fluorescent border. To ensure patient recovery and function, it is recommended that tumor resection be expanded based on yellow fluorescence visualization. Claudin-5 is overall up-regulated in high-grade gliomas, but some Claudin-5 expression is disconnected. This Claudin-5 expression pattern may be related to the development of yellow fluorescence.

Background Inborn error of bile acid synthesis type 4 is a peroxisomal disease with impaired bile acid synthesis caused by a-methylacyl-CoA racemase (AMACR) gene mutation. The disease is usually found in children with mild to severe liver disease, cholestasis and poor fat-soluble vitamin absorption. At present, there is no report of inborn errors of bile acid synthesis type 4 in adults with liver disease and poor fat-soluble vitamin absorption. Case summary A 71-year-old man was hospitalized in our department for recurrent liver dysfunction. The clinical manifestations were chronic liver disease and yellow skin and sclera. Serum transaminase, bilirubin and bile acid were abnormally increased; and fat-soluble vitamins decreased. Liver cirrhosis and ascites were diagnosed by computed tomography. The patient had poor coagulation function and ascites and did not undergo liver puncture. Genetic testing showed AMACR gene missense mutation. The patient was diagnosed with inborn error of bile acid synthesis type 4. He was treated with ursodeoxycholic acid, liver protection and vitamin supplementation, and jaundice of the skin and sclera was reduced. The indicators of liver function and the quality of life were significantly improved. Conclusion When adults have recurrent liver function abnormalities, physicians should be alert to genetic diseases and provide timely treatment.

Ga2O3 is a popular material for research on solar-blind ultraviolet detectors. However, its absorption cutoff edge is 253 nm, which is not an ideal cutoff edge of 280 nm. In this work, by adjusting the ratio of In/Ga elements in the films, a high-quality (In0.11Ga0.89)2O3 film with an absorption cutoff edge of 280 nm was obtained, which owns a uniform surface and preferred orientation. On this basis, a solar-blind ultraviolet photovoltaic detector was constructed based on the Pt/(In0.11Ga0.89)2O3/n-Si heterojunction. When the device is exposed to 254 nm UV light, its open-circuit voltage (VOC) can reach 354 mV. Under 0 V bias, the device has a responsivity of 0.48 mA/W with a rise time of 0.47 s and a decay time of 0.37 s; under -7 V bias, the device achieves a responsivity of 16.96 mA/W with a rise time of 0.17 s and a decay time of 0.33 s. The spectral response characteristics of the device show that it has a selective response to solar-blind ultraviolet light (cutoff wavelength is 280 nm) with a rejection ratio (R254 nm/R310 nm), which is greater by more than two orders of magnitude. This work provides a good reference for adjusting the band gap of Ga2O3-based films and broadening their application fields.

Background Accumulating evidence suggests that consuming coffee may lower the risk of death, but evidence regarding tea consumption in Asians is limited. We examined the association between coffee and tea consumption and mortality in Asian populations. Methods We used data from 12 prospective cohort studies including 248 050 men and 280 454 women from the Asia Cohort Consortium conducted in China, Japan, Korea and Singapore. We estimated the study-specific association of coffee, green tea and black tea consumption with mortality using Cox proportional-hazards regression models and the pooled study-specific hazard ratios (HRs) using a random-effects model. Results In total, 94 744 deaths were identified during the follow-up, which ranged from an average of 6.5 to 22.7 years. Compared with coffee non-drinkers, men and women who drank at least five cups of coffee per day had a 24% [95% confidence interval (CI) 17%, 29%] and a 28% (95% CI 19%, 37%) lower risk of all-cause mortality, respectively. Similarly, we found inverse associations for coffee consumption with cardiovascular disease (CVD)-specific and cancer-specific mortality among both men and women. Green tea consumption was associated with lower risk of mortality from all causes, CVD and other causes but not from cancer. The association of drinking green tea with CVD-specific mortality was particularly strong, with HRs (95% CIs) of 0.79 (0.68, 0.91) for men and 0.78 (0.68, 0.90) for women who drank at least five cups per day of green tea compared with non-drinkers. The association between black tea consumption and mortality was weak, with no clear trends noted across the categories of consumption. Conclusions In Asian populations, coffee consumption is associated with a lower risk of death overall and with lower risks of death from CVD and cancer. Green tea consumption is associated with lower risks of death from all causes and CVD.

PURPOSE: Oral microbiome plays an important role in oral health and systemic diseases, including cancer. We aimed to prospectively investigate the association of oral microbiome with lung cancer risk. METHODS: We analyzed 156 incident lung cancer cases (73 European Americans and 83 African Americans) and 156 individually matched controls nested within the Southern Community Cohort Study. Oral microbiota were assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing in pre-diagnostic mouth rinse samples. Paired t-test and the permutation multivariate analysis of variance test were used to evaluate lung cancer risk association with alpha diversity or beta diversity, respectively. Conditional logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association of individual bacterial abundance or prevalence with lung cancer risk. RESULTS: No significant differences were observed for alpha or beta diversity between lung cancer cases and controls. Abundance of families Lachnospiraceae_[XIV], Peptostreptococcaceae_[XI] and Erysipelotrichaceae, and species Parvimonas micra was associated with decreased lung cancer risk, with odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of 0.76 (0.59–0.98), 0.80 (0.66–0.97), 0.81 (0.67–0.99), and 0.83 (0.71–0.98), respectively (all P

This article reports and analyzes the results of protein contact and distance prediction by our methods in the 14th Critical Assessment of techniques for protein Structure Prediction (CASP14). A new deep learning-based contact/distance predictor was employed based on the ensemble of two complementary coevolution features coupling with deep residual networks. We also improved our multiple sequence alignment (MSA) generation protocol with wholesale meta-genome sequence databases. On 22 CASP14 free modeling (FM) targets, the proposed model achieved a top-L/5 long-range precision of 63.8% and a mean distance bin error of 1.494. Based on the predicted distance potentials, 11 out of 22 FM targets and all of the 14 FM/template-based modeling (TBM) targets have correctly predicted folds (TM-score >0.5), suggesting that our approach can provide reliable distance potentials for ab initio protein folding.

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common histological type of glioma, which has the most aggressive biological characters and the worst outcome. The targeted therapy of GBM requires more progression, and new biomarkers should be identified. In our study, we firstly retrieved the data of TCGA and compared the TPMs of all ANXAs in TCGA database. By quantitative PCR (qPCR), we detected the mRNA levels of ANXAs in 8 pairs of GBM tissues and their corresponding normal brain tissues. Moreover, we detected the expression of ANXAs in 118 cases of GBMs, and further evaluated their clinical significance by analyzing the correlation with clinicopathological factors, and estimated their prognostic significance with univariate and multivariate analyses. In the TCGA database, ANXA1, ANXA2, ANXA4, and ANXA5 had higher transcripts per million (TPMs) in GBM tissues compared with the normal brain tissues, while ANXA3 expression was downregulated in GBM tissues. With qPCR, ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA10 were verified to be the upregulated genes in GBM, but other ANXAs had no significant differences. ANXA2 and ANXA10, but not ANXA1, were correlated with poor prognosis of GBM and identified as independent prognostic biomarkers for poor outcome. ANXA1, ANXA2, and ANXA10 are the upregulated genes in GBM. ANXA2 and ANXA10, but not ANXA1, are independent prognostic biomarkers indicating unfavorable outcome. Our results suggest that expression profiles based on ANXA10 expression may be a new classification system to predict prognosis of GBM patients.

Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly vascularized tumor in which abnormal blood vessels contribute to poor treatment efficacy and prognosis. In this study, we assessed the efficacy, safety, and potential ability of bevacizumab to normalize tumor vascularity in patients with advanced HCC. Methods Patients with histologically or clinically confirmed advanced HCC that were refractory to conventional transarterial chemoembolization (c-TACE) received a transarterial infusion of bevacizumab (5 mg/kg), followed by c-TACE (named as BEVA-TACE). The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS), which was defined as the time from a patient identified as TACE refractory to the occurrence of death. The secondary endpoints included progression-free survival (PFS) and the disease control rate (DCR). Results From January 2014 to December 2017, 20 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging scores C (80.0%) or D (20.0%) received BEVA-TACE. The median OS time was 9.2 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.1-22.6 months]. The median PFS time was 6.3 months (95% CI: 1.0-10.5 months). Despite the late stage, 1 patient (5.0%) had a complete response (CR), 6 patients (30.0%) had a partial response (PR), and 10 patients (50.0%) had stable disease (SD) [overall response rate (ORR) 30.0%; DCR 85.0%]. The most common adverse events (AEs) were postembolic syndrome (25%), hyperbilirubinemia (10.0%), and melena (10.0%). Severe III-IV oral mucositis and hypertension were observed in only 1 patient (5.0%) during the follow-up period. Conclusions BEVA-TACE showed clinical efficacy, and patients with TACE-refractory HCC had acceptable AE rates. A low dose of targeted localized vessel bevacizumab infusion may normalize the condition of tumor blood vessels in patients with advanced HCC.

PURPOSE: There is an urgent need to understand the biological factors contributing to the racial survival disparity among women with hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2− breast cancer. In this study, we examined the impact of PAM50 subtype on 10-year mortality rate in women with HR+, HER2− breast cancer by race. METHODS: Women with localized, HR+, HER2− breast cancer diagnosed between 2002 to 2012 from two population-based cohorts were evaluated. Archival tumors were obtained and classified by PAM50 into four molecular subtypes (i.e., luminal A, luminal B, HER2-enriched, and basal-like). The molecular subtypes within HR+, HER2− breast cancers and corresponding 10-year mortality rate were compared between Black and Non-Hispanic White (NHW) women using Cox proportional hazard ratios and survival analysis, adjusting for covariates. RESULTS: In this study, 318 women with localized, HR+, HER2− breast cancer were included—227 Black (71%) and 91 NHW (29%). Young Black women (age≤50) had the highest proportion of HR+,non-luminal A tumors (47%), compared to young NHW (10%), older Black women (31%), and older NHW (30%). Overall, women with HR+,non-luminal A subtypes had a higher 10-year mortality rate compared to HR+, luminal A subtypes after adjustment for age, stage and income (HR 4.21 for Blacks, 95% CI=1.74–10.18 and HR 3.44 for NHW, 95% CI=1.31–9.03). Among HR+, non-luminal A subtypes there was however no significant racial difference in 10-yr mortality observed (Black vs. NHW: HR 1.23, 95% CI=0.58–2.58). CONCLUSION: Molecular subtype classification highlights racial disparities in PAM50 subtype distribution among women with HR+, HER2− breast cancer. Among women with HR+, HER2− breast cancer, racial survival disparities are ameliorated after adjusting for molecular subtype.

The research of fast scintillators in positron emission tomography and other applications based on time-of-flight technology promotes the development of radiation detection. However, because of the current lack of efficient and fast carrier radiation recombination pathways, the research on scintillator radioluminescence (RL) still faces severe challenges. Here, we propose an effective interface carrier transport mechanism: CsI:Na crystal and Cs4PbBr6 nanocrystals (NCs) interface to form a new phase and a continuous heterostructure, providing an effective channel for X-ray excited carrier transfer to Cs4PbBr6. Then, the excited carriers realize efficient recombination luminescence through the self-trapped excitons inside Cs4PbBr6. On the basis of this mechanism, the heterostructure composite scintillator composed of CsI:Na/Cs4PbBr6 exhibits high-efficiency radiant fluorescence and an ultrafast photoluminescence (PL) decay time of 1.22 ns. The effective interface carrier transport shown in this work provides an optimization idea that can be used for reference in the research of fast scintillators.

In this work, we develop a deep learning-guided fiberoptic Raman diagnostic platform to assess its ability of real-time in vivo nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) diagnosis and post-treatment follow-up of NPC patients. The robust Raman diagnostic platform is established using innovative multi-layer Raman-specified convolutional neural networks (RS-CNN) together with simultaneous fingerprint and high-wavenumber spectra acquired within sub-seconds using a fiberoptic Raman endoscopy system. We have acquired a total of 15,354 FP/HW in vivo Raman spectra (control: 1761; NPC: 4147; and post-treatment (PT): 9446) from 888 tissue sites of 418 subjects (healthy control: 85; NPC: 82; and PT: 251) during endoscopic examination. The optimized RS-CNN model provides an overall diagnostic accuracy of 82.09% (sensitivity of 92.18% and specificity of 73.99%) for identifying NPC from control and post-treatment patients, which is superior to the best diagnosis performance (accuracy of 73.57%; sensitivity of 89.74%; and specificity of 58.10%) using partial-least-squares linear-discriminate-analysis, proving the robustness and high spectral information sensitiveness of the RS-CNN model developed. We further investigate the saliency map of the best RS-CNN models using the correctly predicted Raman spectra. The specific Raman signatures that are related to the cancer-associated biomolecular variations (e.g., collagens, lipids, and nucleic acids) are uncovered in the map, validating the diagnostic capability of RS-CNN models to correlate with biomolecular signatures. Deep learning-based Raman spectroscopy is a powerful diagnostic tool for rapid screening and surveillance of NPC patients and can also be deployed for longitudinal follow-up monitoring of post-treatment NPC patients to detect early cancer recurrences in the head and neck.

Background Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are related to the patient’s prognosis, recurrence and therapy resistance in oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Although increasing evidence suggests that aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid, ASA) could lower the incidence and improve the prognosis of ESCC, the mechanism(s) remains to be fully understood. Methods We investigated the role of ASA in chemotherapy/chemoprevention in human ESCC cell lines and an N-nitrosomethylbenzylamine-induced rat ESCC carcinogenesis model. The effects of combined treatment with ASA/cisplatin on ESCC cell lines were examined in vitro and in vivo. Sphere-forming cells enriched with putative CSCs (pCSCs) were used to investigate the effect of ASA in CSCs. Assay for Transposase-Accessible Chromatin with high-throughput sequencing (ATAC-seq) was performed to determine the alterations in chromatin accessibility caused by ASA in ESCC cells. Results ASA inhibits the CSC properties and enhances cisplatin treatment in human ESCC cells. ATAC-seq indicates that ASA treatment results in remarkable epigenetic alterations on chromatin in ESCC cells, especially their pCSCs, through the modification of histone acetylation levels. The epigenetic changes activate Bim expression and promote cell death in CSCs of ESCC. Furthermore, ASA prevents the carcinogenesis of NMBzA-induced ESCC in the rat model. Conclusions ASA could be a potential chemotherapeutic adjuvant and chemopreventive drug for ESCC treatment.

In 2015, the China Insurance Regulatory Commission initiated a liberalization reform in the automobile insurance industry to grant insurers more discretion in policy design, underwriting, and ratemaking. The deregulation intended to increase competition and choices for the consumer, yet there was little scientific evidence on how the insurance market responded to the reform. This article examines the effectiveness of this deregulation reform in China. Leveraging a large industry dataset of more than 7 million automobile insurance policies from 63 major automobile insurers operating in China, we study policyholders’ switching behavior among insurance providers. To better understand the heterogeneity in the impact of deregulation on market performance and consumer choice, we further analyze the switching pattern among different types of insurers according to the insurer's size, the company’s business structure, the jurisdiction’s market power, and the customer’s risk type. Overall, the empirical results suggest that the reform has met its original goal, leading to higher market competition, and more diversified consumer choices. We further confirm that the average premium dropped significantly after the reform for all three jurisdictions implementing the reform, yet the insurers’ pricing strategy was risk type dependent, i.e., the average premium for the high-risk customers increased, while the average premium for the low-risk customers decreased substantially.

Exploring highly efficient near-infrared (NIR) emitting materials is desirable for the advancement of next-generation smart NIR light sources. Different from most reported Cr3+-doped emitters with far-red emissions, Yb3+-activated phosphors are expected to yield pure NIR (∼1000 nm) light. Herein, a new hot-injection route using all metal-oleate salts to fabricate Yb3+-doped CsPbCl3 perovskite nanocrystals (PeNCs) is reported for the first time, which produce PeNC-sensitized Yb3+ NIR emission with photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) higher than 100%. With the help of temperature-dependent PL spectra, femtosecond transient absorption spectra, and time-resolved PL spectra, it is evidenced that the in situ produced intrinsic shallow trap states in a CsPbCl3 host play a key role in facilitating the picosecond nonradiative cooperative energy transfer from PeNCs to two Yb3+ dopants simultaneously. Using the optimized Yb3+:CsPbCl3 quantum cutters, a phosphor-converted NIR light-emitting diode (pc-NIR-LED) is fabricated, exhibiting an external quantum efficiency of 2%@28 mA, a high NIR output irradiance of 112 mW/cm2@400 mA, and excellent long-term stability. Finally, the designed pc-NIR-LED is demonstrated to have great potential as an invisible night-vision light source.

One judiciously designed strategy of utilizing an ultrathin but conductive Ga2O3:Si nanolayer to prepare (AlGa)2O3 crystalline film is demonstrated. Benefiting from the existence of Ga2O3:Si nanolayer, a high-quality (Al0.68Ga0.32)2O3 sesquioxide film with 68 at.% aluminum was epitaxially grown on sapphire substrates, which was characterized by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Its bandgap was broadened to 6.14 eV, and a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) (AlGa)2O3/Ga2O3:Si photodetector was subsequently fabricated. The detector exhibits a pretty high on-off ratio of about 103, an open-circuit voltage of 1.0 V and a responsivity of 8.1 mA W−1 at 0 V bias voltage. The performances imply that the proposed strategy is valuable for improving the quality and also adjusting the bandgap of (AlGa)2O3 sesquioxides, which is expected to facilitate their application in VUV photodetection.

Background Pregnant women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at high risk of GDM. It is unclear whether this population has pregnancy characteristics different from the general population. Whether these features affect the perinatal outcome has not yet been elucidated. Methods A retrospective study was conducted, including baseline characteristics, laboratory data, gestational weight gain (GWG), and pregnancy outcomes of 441 pregnant women with prior GDM. Besides, 1637 women without a history of GDM treated in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The above indicators of the two groups were compared. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate how GWG was associated with perinatal outcomes for previous GDM women. Results Among women with GDM history, triglycerides (TG) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) in the 1st trimester were higher than those without GDM history. GWG was lower in women with prior GDM relative to the control group at various pregnancy stages. However, women with GDM history had a higher risk of developing GDM (OR 3.25, 95% CI 2.26–4.68) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.05–2.45). In women with previous GDM, excessive GWG before OGTT exhibited a positive correlation with pregnancy-induced hypertension (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.05–3.32), while inadequate GWG was not a protective factor for GDM and pregnancy-induced hypertension. Conclusion Women with prior GDM have glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in the 1st trimester. Limited reduction of GWG before oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was insufficient to offset the adverse effects of glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in women with previous GDM. Relevant interventions may be required at early stage or even before pregnancy.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria infections present mostly pulmonary characteristics. However, the incidence of skin and soft tissue infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria has increased in part due to the increased popularity of cosmetic and plastic surgery. Here, we report a case of Mycobacterium agri infection. The patient underwent a one-year course of anti-infection therapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a previously healthy patient presenting a skin and soft tissue infection caused by Mycobacterium agri. Clinical personnel should be aware of possible causes of persistent skin and soft tissue infection after cosmetic and plastic surgery.

激光波长调谐对于在压力检测、强电场监测、痕量气体探 测以及可见光通讯领域中提高动态波长分配效率起着重要作用. 拉曼散射是一种具有频移特性的非线性光学效应, 这表明拉曼散 射可能是一种实现激光波长调谐的可行方法. 在本文中, 我们发现 在特定的测试结构下, 氮化铝的A1(TO)模式对应的散射光具有线 偏振特性. 此外, 通过温度调制, 我们在氮化铝中实现了高精度的 散射光波长调谐. 基于实验结果, 具有高热导率和高稳定性的氮化 铝可能是一种实现激光波长调谐的良好载体.

Objectives To evaluate the safety and feasibility of microwave ablation for treating venous malformations (VMs) with severe localized intravascular coagulopathy (LIC). Patients and methods Data for patients with the diagnosis of VMs coupled with severe LIC who underwent color Doppler-guided microwave dynamic ablation between January 2017 and June 2019 were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. All patients had previously received sclerotherapy or other treatments with poor outcomes and gradual aggravation of coagulation abnormalities. Microwave treatment with “dynamic ablation” was performed with real-time color Doppler monitoring and was repeated if necessary after 3 months. Low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) was used to control consumptive coagulopathy. The therapeutic efficacy including coagulation function and lesion size was evaluated using the four-level scale developed by Achauer. Results Among 15 patients with extensive diffuse or multiple VMs, 10 patients presented with lesions in a single lower extremity, one in both lower extremities and the perineum, one in both upper extremities and the trunk, and three with multiple lesions. The patients underwent a total of 74 microwave ablation sessions, with an average of 4.9 sessions per person. Coagulation abnormalities were temporarily aggravated in 59 sessions within the first seven days post-ablation but improved to grade II (fair) a week later. From six months to three years after the ablation, the lesions improved to grade IV (excellent) in one patient, grade III (good) in six patients, and grade II (fair) in eight patients. Moreover, the coagulation function improved to grade IV in four patients, grade III in eight patients, and grade II in three patients, resulting in an efficiency rate of 80% (12/15). Post-ablation complications included fever, hemoglobinuria, and elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase. The patients with fever and hemoglobinuria recovered after specific therapeutic measures, but elevations in aspartate aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alanine aminotransferase recovered spontaneously without further interventions. Conclusions Ablation coupled with anticoagulation can effectively treat VMs in patients with severe LIC and improve the long-term coagulation function.

Inorganic luminescent nanocrystals (NCs) doped with main-group ns2-metal ions have evoked tremendous interest in many technological fields owing to their superior optical properties. Herein, we report a new class of luminescent nanoprobes based on 5s2-metal Sb3+-doped CaS NCs that are excitable by using a near ultraviolet light-emitting diode. The optical properties and excited-state dynamics of Sb3+ in CaS NCs are comprehensively surveyed through temperature-dependent steady-state and transient photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Owing to the strong electron-phonon coupling of Sb3+ in CaS NCs, Sb3+ ions experience a dynamic Jahn-Taller distortion on the excited state, which results in bright green PL of Sb3+ with a broad emission band, a large Stokes shift, and a high PL quantum yield up to 17.3%. By taking advantage of the intense PL of Sb3+, we show in proof-of-concept experiments the application of biotinylated CaS:Sb3+ NCs as sensitive luminescent nanoprobes for biotin receptor-targeted cancer cell imaging and zebrafish imaging with a high imaging contrast. These findings provide fundamental insights into the excited-state dynamics of Sb3+ in CaS NCs, thus laying a foundation for future design of novel and versatile luminescent nanoprobes via main-group ns2-metal doping.

In this letter, we successfully prepared tunable bandgap ZrGaO films on n-GaN substrates by RF magnetron sputtering. ZrGaO films with different Zr contents were successfully prepared with Zr target sputtered with various RF powers and Ga2O3 target sputtered with an RF power of 100 W. The bandgap of ZrGaO film deposited with a Zr target sputtering power of 70 W was broadened to 5.4 eV, indicating that Zr can be a promising candidate to enlarge the bandgap of Ga2O3. Based on this ZrGaO film, a deep-ultraviolet photodetector was fabricated, which has an ultrahigh photo-to-dark ratio up to 104 and a high responsivity (0.035 A/W at 0 V bias). The proposed idea of preparing bandgap tunable ZrGaO film by alloying ZrO2 with Ga2O3 is of great significance to the bandgap engineering of Ga2O3 and to its application in ultraviolet detection.

MicroRNAs (miRNA) have been shown to be associated with tumor diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic response. MiR-328-3p plays a significant role in breast cancer growth; however, its actual function and how it modulates specific biological functions is poorly understood. Here, miR-328-3p was significantly downregulated in breast cancer, especially in patients with metastasis. Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1a (CPT1A) is a downstream target gene in the miR-328-3p-regulated pathway. Furthermore, the miR-328-3p/CPT1A/fatty acid β-oxidation/stemness axis was shown responsible for breast cancer metastasis. Collectively, this study revealed that miR-328-3p is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of breast cancer patients with metastasis, and also a model for the miRNA-fatty acid β-oxidation-stemness axis, which may assist inunderstanding the cancer stem cell signaling functions of miRNA.

BACKGROUND Primary bone lymphoma (PBL) is an uncommon extranodal disease that represents approximately 1%-3% of lymphomas. Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) positive anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (ALCL) is an extremely rare type of PBL. The aim of this report is describe the symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of primary bone ALK-positive ALCL. CASE SUMMARY A 66-year-old man presented to our hospital with neck and shoulder pain and intermittent fever that lasted for 1 mo. After extensive evaluation, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (CT) examination showed multiple osteolytic bone lesions without other sites lesions. CT-guided biopsy of the T10 vertebral body was performed, and the pathology results showed that neoplastic cells were positive for ALK-1, CD30, and CD3. A diagnosis of primary bone ALK positive ALCL was ultimately made. The patient was in partial response after four cycle soft cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone chemotherapy, and we planned to repeat the biopsy and radiological examination after completion of the fifth cycle of therapy. CONCLUSION Primary bone ALK positive ALCL is a rare disease and physicians should keep in mind that ALCL can present with isolated osseous involvement without nodal involvement, and lymphoma should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary bone lesions.

Background Little is known about the time course of mortality reduction following smoking cessation in Asians who have smoking behaviours distinct from their Western counterparts. We evaluated the level of reduction in all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and lung cancer mortality by years since quitting smoking, in Asia. Methods Using Cox regression, we analysed individual participant data (n = 709 151) from 16 prospective cohorts conducted in China, Japan, Korea/Singapore, and India/Bangladesh, separately by cohorts. Cohort-specific hazard ratios (HRs) were combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Results During a mean follow-up of 12.0 years, 108 287 deaths were ascertained—35 658 from CVD and 7546 from lung cancer. Among Asian men, a dose-response relationship of risk reduction in deaths from all causes, CVD and lung cancer was observed with an increase in years after smoking cessation. Compared with never smokers, however, all-cause and CVD mortality among former smokers remained elevated 10–14 years after quitting [multivariable-adjusted HR (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.25 (1.13–1.37) and 1.20 (1.02–1.41), respectively]. Lung cancer mortality stayed almost 2-fold higher than among never smokers 15–19 years after smoking cessation [1.97 (1.41–2.73)], particularly among former heavy smokers [2.62 (1.71–4.00)]. Women who quitted for ≥5 years retained a significantly elevated mortality from all causes, CVD and lung cancer. Overall patterns of the cessation-mortality associations were similar across countries. Conclusions Our findings suggest that adverse effects of tobacco smoking persist for an extended time period, even for more than two decades, which is beyond the time windows defined in current clinical guidelines for risk assessment of lung cancer and CVD.

BACKGROUND Subclavian vein stenosis or occlusion may be caused by a transvenous pacemaker, which makes the reimplantation of a new pacemaker lead difficult. Transvenous pacemaker lead implantation-related subclavian vein occlusion may present difficulty with regard to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) upgrade. CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 46-year-old man who was admitted with total subclavian vein occlusion caused by a permanent pacemaker that had been implanted 2 years previously. We successfully treated this patient with an upgrade to a CRT pacemaker by utilizing transferable interventional coronary and radiological techniques. The patient recovered uneventfully during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION CRT upgrade is still a viable technique for the treatment of subclavian vein obstruction caused by previous pacemaker implantation.

Construction of wave energy resource dataset (WERD) is the key base for achieving rational and efficient utilization of wave energy, which is beneficial for easing the energy crisis and protecting the fragile marine ecological environment. However, the research on the WERD construction is scarce. Even more, the existing WERD mainly contains the traditional focus of wave energy (climatic feature). This study proposed to create a global oceanic WERD, with the Maritime Silk Road as a case study, which comprehensively includes not only the traditional focus of wave energy, but also adds seven new modules: short-term forecast, climatic variation of wave energy, long-term projection of wave energy, wave energy classification, characteristics of swell energy, wave climate characteristics, as well as detailed study of wave energy of key nodes, in hope of providing scientific reference, data service and decision support for the site selection, daily operation and long term plan of wave energy development.