1. Analysis of electric cigarette liquid effect on mouse brain tumor growth through EGFR and ERK activation.
- Author
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Kwon, Hyung Joon, Oh, Young Taek, Park, Saewhan, Kim, Sung Soo, Park, Jinju, Yin, Jinlong, Hong, Jun Hee, Kim, Chan Il, Ryu, Haseo, Park, Jong Bae, and Lim, Min Kyung
- Subjects
TUMOR growth ,NEURAL development ,BRAIN tumors ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,EPIDERMAL growth factor receptors ,CARCINOGENICITY - Abstract
Introduction: Recently, electric cigarettes with liquid (e-liquid) were introduced as an alternative to tobacco smoking. They were promoted as possible cessation aids and were considered to be potentially less harmful than traditional tobacco-based cigarettes. However, there is little information on the toxicants present in e-liquids and their possible carcinogenic effects. Methods: Western blot analysis was performed to identify the protein levels of cancer progression related signal transducers. Patient-derived brain tumor cells (CSC2) were injected into mouse brains and tumor growth was then observed by performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of the whole brain. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining and Immunofluorescence staining were performed to study the expression of pEGFR and pERK. Results: Western blotting revealed that e-liquids increased pEGFR and pERK expression in a dose dependent manner. Animal experiments revealed that the e-liquid treated group had accelerated tumor growth and poor prognosis compared to the vehicle group. Histological staining showed activation of pEGFR and pERK in the e-liquid treated group. Conclusion: Our study revealed that e-liquid activates pEGFR and pERK, leading to accelerated brain tumor growth and poor prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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