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1. Science Content Courses: Workshop in Food Chemistry for 4th Grade School Teachers

Author

Chaiyapechara, S. and Dong, F. M.

Abstract

A science content course in food chemistry was offered as a 4-day summer workshop from 1999 to 2001 to 4th grade school teachers in the Seattle School District. The objectives of the workshop were to increase the teachers' knowledge of food science, to perform simple experiments that could be used in the 4th grade classroom, and to help the teachers become more familiar with the scientific method. The workshop is described, and challenges associated with running the workshop from the instructors' perspective are discussed. Protocol for hands-on experiments used in the workshop, discussion questions/answers, and comments about each experiment are included in Appendices. The use of hands-on experiments that were easily adaptable to the 4th grade classroom and the comfortable atmosphere for discussion appear to have contributed the most to a successful workshop.

Published
2004
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3. Unlocking the Optimal Aqueous δ-Bi2O3 Anode via Unifying Octahedrally Liberated Bi-Atoms and Spilled Nano-Bi Exsolution

Author

Rongrong Yang, Zizhun Wang, Tian Li, Renzhong Huang, Wei Zhang, Tingting Qin, Dong F. Wang, Zhongyu Pan, Nailin Yue, Nicholas E. Drewett, Taowen Dong, Keke Huang, Shouhua Feng, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ting Deng, Yan Wang, and Weitao Zheng

Subjects
Materials science, Aqueous solution, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Band gap, Oxide, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, 02 engineering and technology, Conductivity, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Electrochemical energy conversion, 0104 chemical sciences, Anode, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Nano, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Bi2O3 is a strong candidate as the optimal aqueous battery anode material, but suffers from its poor stability and rate performance (a result of fragile structure and poor conductivity). Herein, two self-derived Bi species, interstitial-Bi liberated from Bi2O3 unit cell and colonized surface nano-Bi, function synergistically in the Bi2O3 by creating a new electronic state in the energy gap and tuning the Bi/Bi2O3 interface coordination. As a result, electronic conductivity, ionic diffusion, and structural stability are fully enhanced, leading to a package of optimal electrochemical performances. Our self-enhanced strategy may thereof serve in design of functional oxide complexes for electrochemical energy conversion and storage.

Published
2021

4. Oxygen Vacancies Boost δ-Bi2O3 as a High-Performance Electrode for Rechargeable Aqueous Batteries

Author

Haoxiang Wang, Xiaoyu Zhang, Ting Deng, Zhengming Li, Xiaofei Liu, Tingting Qin, Wei Zhang, Xiang-Min Meng, Dong F. Wang, Xiaoyuan Shi, Hong Chen, and Weitao Zheng

Subjects
Aqueous solution, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Ionic bonding, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrochemistry, 01 natural sciences, Oxygen, Redox, 0104 chemical sciences, Metal, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Electrical resistivity and conductivity, visual_art, Electrode, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Metal oxides as electrode materials are of great potential for rechargeable aqueous batteries. However, they suffer from inferior cycle stability and rate capability because of poor electronic and ionic conductivities. Herein, taking vertically orientated Bi2O3 nanoflakes on Ti substrates as examples, we find that the δ-Bi2O3 electrode with plenty of positively charged oxygen defects show remarkably higher specific capacity (264 mA h g–1) and far superior rate capability than that of α-Bi2O3 with less oxygen vacancies. Through pinpointing the existence form and the role of oxygen vacancies within the electrochemical processes, we demonstrate that oxygen vacancies in δ-Bi2O3 can not only promote electrical conductivity but also serve as central entrepots collecting OH– groups via electrostatic force effect, which has boosted the oxidation reaction and enhanced the electrochemical properties. Our work merits an excellent Bi2O3 negative electrode material via giving full play to the role of oxygen vacancies ...

Published
2018

5. Observation of New Properties of Secondary Cosmic Rays Lithium, Beryllium, and Boron by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

AMS Collaboration, Ali Cavasonza, L., Bachlechner, A., Beischer, B., Chung, C. H., Gast, H., Kirn, Th., Luebelsmeyer, K., Machate, F., Nikonov, N., Räihä, T., Schael, S., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Siedenburg, T., Zhukov, V., Zimmermann, N., Demirköz, M. B., Konak, C., Türkoǧlu, C., Caroff, S., Coignet, G., Goy, C., Poireau, V., Rosier-Lees, S., Vialle, J. P., Shan, B. S., Zheng, Z. M., Dai, Y. M., Wang, Q. L., Yu, Y. J., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Li, Z. H., Lu, Y. S., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Wang, X. Q., Yang, M., Yu, Z. Q., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, S. W., Zhuang, H. L., Contin, A., Laurenti, G., Masi, N., Palmonari, F., Quadrani, L., Zichichi, A., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Burger, J., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Chen, A. I., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Dadzie, K., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Feng, J., Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Heil, M., Hsieh, T. H., Jia, Yi, Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., Lebedev, A., Liu, Hu, Phan, H. D., Plyaskin, V., Qin, X., Rozhkov, A., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Wang, X., Weng, Z. L., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, Z., Zuccon, P., Chang, Y. H., Chou, H. Y., Khiali, B., Liu, D., Sagdeev, R., Picot-Clemente, N., Seo, E. S., Huh, C., Jang, W. Y., Kang, S. C., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Lim, S., Son, D., Castellini, G., Barrin, L., Gargiulo, C., Kanishev, K., Laudi, E., Azzarello, P., Bourquin, M., Cadoux, F., Leluc, C., Li, Y., Paniccia, M., Perrina, C., Pohl, M., Rapin, D., Wu, X., Aupetit, S., Barrau, A., Bonnivard, V., Derome, L., Ghelfi, A., Maurin, D., Ricol, J. S., Guo, K. H., He, Z. H., Huang, Z. C., Li, T. X., Li, Z. Y., Lu, S. Q., Lyu, S. S., Mo, D. C., Ni, J. Q., Qi, X. M., Wang, Z. X., Bindi, V., Consolandi, C., Corti, C., Datta, A., Von Doetinchem, P., Nelson, T., Palermo, M., Whitman, K., Bollweg, K., Clark, C., Martin, T., Mott, P., Urban, T., Attig, N., Lippert, T., Schmidt, S. M., Bindel, K. F., De Boer, W., Gebauer, I., Graziani, M., Zeissler, S., Clavero, R., García-López, R. J., Tescaro, D., Vázquez Acosta, M., Arruda, L., Barao, F., Orcinha, M., Han, K. C., Jinchi, H., Aguilar, M., Berdugo, J., Casaus, J., Delgado, C., Díaz, C., Giovacchini, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martínez, G., Oliva, A., Palomares, C., Velasco, M., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Grabski, V., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Boschini, M. J., Della Torre, S., Gervasi, M., Grandi, D., La Vacca, G., Pensotti, S., Rancoita, P. G., Rozza, D., Tacconi, M., Zannoni, M., Dong, F., Gong, J., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Luo, J. Z., Meng, Q., Shi, J. Y., Wu, H., Xiong, R. Q., Yi, H., Zhang, J. H., Ambrosi, G., Bertucci, B., Crispoltoni, M., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Fiandrini, E., Formato, V., Ionica, M., Nozzoli, F., Pauluzzi, M., Pizzolotto, C., Tomassetti, N., Vagelli, V., Cervelli, F., Di Falco, S., Gallucci, G., Incagli, M., Pilo, F., Basara, L., Battiston, R., Burger, W. J., Dimiccoli, F., Lazzizzera, I., Vitale, V., Bartoloni, A., Borgia, B., Lipari, P., Valente, E., Bueno, E. F., Lordello, V. D., Mikuni, V. M., Vecchi, M., Chae, M. J., Yang, J., Cheng, L., Cui, Z., Luo, F., Song, J. W., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Li, H. S., Yang, Y., Lee, H. T., Creus, W., Haino, S., Huang, H., Lee, S. C., Lin, C. H., Qu, Z. Y., Wei, C. C., Battarbee, M., Eronen, T., Torsti, J., Valtonen, E., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), AMS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Dadzie, K., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Marks Ting, Susan Carol, Wang, Xiaozhen, Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, J., Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Wu, Xin, Perrina, Chiara, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K.F., Bindi, V., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Burger, W.J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M.J., Chang, Y.H., Chen, A.I., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y.M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K.H., Haino, S., Han, K.C., He, Z.H., Heil, M., Hsieh, T.H., Huang, H., Huang, Z.C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W.Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S.C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G.N., Kim, K.S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, H.S., Li, J.Q., Li, Q., Li, T.X., Li, Y., Li, Z.H., Li, Z.Y., Lim, S., Lin, C.H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Lordello, V.D., Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J.Z., Lyu, S.S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V.M., Mo, D.C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H.D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J.S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J.W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Vitale, V., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, X., Wang, X.Q., Wang, Z.X., Wei, C.C., Weng, Z.L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, S.W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z.M., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Perrina, C, Phan, H, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
Space experiments, General Physics and Astronomy, primary [cosmic radiation], Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Rigidity (electromagnetism), ddc:550, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, AMS, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Alpha magnetic spectrometers, Physics, Spectrometers, ratio [flux], secondary [cosmic radiation], FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, lithium, Beryllium, Astrophysics and Astronomy, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, ddc:500.2, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Secondary cosmic-rays, Cosmic rays nuclei, 0103 physical sciences, International Space Station, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Boron, cosmic radiation: secondary, Cosmic rays, Cosmic.-ray propagation, ta115, ISS, carbon, nucleus, ASTROFÍSICA, Space stations, beryllium, magnetic spectrometer, Flux ratio, flux: ratio, cosmic radiation: primary, chemistry, boron, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], oxygen
Abstract

Physical review letters 120(2), 021101 (2018). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.021101, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
2018

6. Observation of Fine Time Structures in the Cosmic Proton and Helium Fluxes with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, Leila, Barrau, A., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. H., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jia, Yi, Barrin, L., Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Thomas, Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Bartoloni, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Basara, L., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Light, C., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Lübelsmeyer, Klaus, Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Luo, X., Battarbee, M., Lyu, S. S., Machate, Fabian, Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Battiston, R., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, Nikolay, Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Becker, U., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H. D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Behlmann, M., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Popkow, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qin, X., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, Tomi, Rancoita, P. G., Beischer, Bastian, Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, Stefan, Schmidt, Sebastian M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, Georg, Alpat, B., Berdugo, J., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, Thorsten, Son, D., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Bertucci, B., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S. M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vazquez Acosta, M., Bindel, K. F., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Bindi, V., Weng, Z. L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R. Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., de Boer, W., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Bollweg, K., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, Valery, Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, Nikolas, Zuccon, P., AMS Collaboration, Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Ambrosi, G., Bueno, E. F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Arruda, L., Chang, Y. H., Chen, A. I., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, Chan Hoon, Attig, N., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Aupetit, S., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Azzarello, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Bachlechner, Andreas, Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., Garcia-Lopez, R., Gargiulo, C., Gast, Henning, Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Barao, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K.F., Bindi, V., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M.J., Chang, Y.H., Chen, A.I., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Chen, Y., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y.M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K.H., Haino, S., Han, K.C., He, Z.H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T.H., Huang, H., Huang, Z.C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W.Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kang, S.C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G.N., Kim, K.S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, H.S., Li, J.Q., Li, Q., Li, T.X., Li, Z.H., Li, Z.Y., Light, C., Lim, S., Lin, C.H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V.D., Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J.Z., Luo, X., Lyu, S.S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V.M., Mo, D.C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palermo, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H.D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Popkow, A., Quadrani, L., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J.S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J.W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, X., Wang, X.Q., Wang, Z.X., Wei, C.C., Weng, Z.L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, S.W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z.M., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Wang, Yan, Qi, Zhang, Jing, Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Chen, Yao, Leluc, Catherine, Paniccia, Mercedes, Perrina, Chiara, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Wu, Xin, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, De Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Chen, Y, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, Von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D'Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Z, Light, C, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Luo, X, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palermo, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Perrina, C, Phan, H, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Popkow, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz Von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoǧlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
Proton, helium: flux, General Physics and Astronomy, magnetic field, Helium, rotation, 01 natural sciences, Alpha particle spectrometers, Solar energy, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, AMS, Monte Carlo, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Physics, cosmic radiation: spectrum, precision measurement, imaging, Solar maximum, solar, Cosmology, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Amplitude, Solar modulation, Astrophysics and Astronomy, energy loss, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, satellite, chemistry.chemical_element, ddc:500.2, Solar cycle 24, dark matter, Nuclear physics, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Flux (metallurgy), 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, structure, fine structure, ta115, Cosmic-ray, energy: kinetic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, COSMIC RAYS, ASTROFÍSICA, Space stations, magnetic spectrometer, Magnetic resonance spectrometers, flux: ratio, p: flux, positron fraction, Cherenkov counter, calorimeter: electromagnetic, chemistry, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], FIS/04 - FISICA NUCLEARE E SUBNUCLEARE, Heliosphere
Abstract

Physical review letters 121(5), 051101 (2018). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.121.051101, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
2018

7. Identification, Cloning, and Characterization of Two Acupuncture-Injury-Inducing Promoters in Rice

Author

Jianyu Wang, Zengfeng Ma, Dong Fu, Yan Wu, Zaihui Zhou, Changyan Li, and Junhao Shen

Subjects
rice, transcriptome analysis, inducible promoters, transgenic crops, insect resistance, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

As an important global food crop, rice is damaged by a variety of piercing–sucking pests. Identifying a broad-spectrum promoter induced by the physical signal of sucking pests and applying it to transgenic breeding to mitigate the damage caused by different sucking pests will significantly improve the efficiency of our breeding. This study compared the transcriptome changes in two rice varieties under needle-wounding stress to investigate their differential responses to mechanical damage. The results showed that the insect-susceptible variety TN1 exhibited more differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and greater changes in expression levels after needle treatment, indicating a more active internal gene regulatory network. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis further revealed that TN1 not only exhibited changes in genes related to the extracellular environment, but also mobilized more genes associated with stress response and defense. By screening the differentially expressed genes, we identified two promoters (P1 and P2) with inducible expression characteristics in both the resistant and susceptible rice varieties. These promoters were able to effectively drive the expression of the insect resistance gene OsLecRK1* and enhance the resistance of transgenic plants against the brown planthopper. This study provides promoter resources for the development of insect-resistant transgenic crops.

Published
2024
Full Text
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8. Therapeutic Targeting of Retinal Immune Microenvironment With CSF-1 Receptor Antibody Promotes Visual Function Recovery After Ischemic Optic Neuropathy

Author

Yizhen Tang, Zebin Xiao, Li Pan, Dongli Zhuang, Kin-Sang Cho, Kyle Robert, Xiaoxiao Chen, Lian Shu, Guangxian Tang, Jihong Wu, Xinghuai Sun, and Dong F. Chen

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy, retinal ischemia/reperfusion, visual acuity, T cell, Immunology, microglia, Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor, Retina, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Mice, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, medicine, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic, retinal ganglion cell, Receptor, positive scotopic threshold response, Original Research, Microglia, business.industry, neurodegeneration, Retinal, Recovery of Function, medicine.disease, colony stimulating factor-1, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Rats, Mice, Inbred C57BL, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cellular Microenvironment, chemistry, Retinal ganglion cell, business, lcsh:RC581-607, Reperfusion injury, 030215 immunology
Abstract

Retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RI) is a common cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness in elderly and critical unmet medical need. While no effective treatment is available for RI, microglial activation and local immune responses in the retina are thought to play important roles in the pathophysiology of neurodegeneration. While survival and activation of microglia depend critically on colony-stimulating factor receptor (CSF-1R) signaling, it remains unclear if targeting the retinal immune microenvironments by CSF-1RAb after RI is sufficient to rescue vision and present a potentially effective therapy. Here we used rodent models of RI and showed that retinal ischemia induced by acute elevation of intraocular pressure triggered an early activation of microglia and macrophages in the retina within 12 h. This was followed by lymphocyte infiltration and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Intravitreal injection of CSF-1R neutralizing antibody (CSF-1RAb) after RI significantly blocked microglial activation and the subsequent T cell recruitment. This also led to improved retinal ganglion cell survival and function measured by cell quantification and electroretinogram positive scotopic threshold responses, as well as increased visual acuity and contrast sensitivity as assessed by optomotor reflex-based assays, when compared to the isotype-treated control group. Moreover, the administration of CSF-1RAb efficiently attenuated inflammatory responses and activation of human microglia in culture, suggesting a therapeutic target with human relevance. These results, together with the existing clinical safety profiles, support that CSF-1RAb may present a promising therapeutic avenue for RI, a currently untreatable condition, by targeting microglia and the immune microenvironment in the retina to facilitate neural survival and visual function recovery.

Published
2020

9. Metabolomics Reveals the Markers of Frying Vegetable Oil

Author

Zhao J, Sun Y, Li Z, Dong F, wang m, Yu Q, and Fan L

Subjects
Metabolomics, Vegetable oil, Chemistry, Food science
Abstract

Fried foods have potential adverse effects on health. However, the compounds produced during the process of frying in different vegetable oils are unknown. A metabolomics study was first conducted to analyze the changes of compounds in 8 different vegetable oils before and after heating without any foods and reveal the potential markers of frying oil. And then these markers were validated in used frying oil. Our results of metabolomics indicated that both heating or frying significantly changed the compounds of vegetable oils. The 36 markers associated with heating from the 8 different oils were identified in used frying oils and were common markers of frying oil. Additionally, 22 markers detected in only one vegetable oil were the unique markers of frying oils. These markers can be used to distinguish used frying oil and have potential to reveal the associated physiological harm.

Published
2020

10. Manufacture of microfluidic chips using a gap-control method based on traditional 3D printing technique

Author

Zhifu Yin, Xinyan Jiang, and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Microfluidics, 3D printing, 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Volumetric flow rate, chemistry.chemical_compound, O2 plasma, Polylactic acid, chemistry, Hardware and Architecture, Optoelectronics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology, business, Control methods, Leakage (electronics)
Abstract

The solution to the commercialization of polymer microfluidic chips lies in the development of a low-cost and concise method. We present in this paper a gap-control method for obtaining low cost microfluidic chips on PMMA (polymethyl methacrylate) sheets based on traditional 3D printing technique—fused deposition modeling. The influence of 3D printing parameters such as printing temperature, printing speed, wire flow rate and initial layer thickness on printing quality is studied by experiments. The effect of O2 plasma parameters such as chamber power and treatment time on the adhesion strength between printed PLA (polylactic acid) structures and PMMA substrate is investigated. The dye filling tests demonstrate that there is no blocking or leakage over the entire microchannels. With this newly developed technology, low-cost and large scale microfluidic chips can be fabricated, which allows commercial manufacturing of microchannels over large areas.

Published
2018

11. Vertically co-oriented two dimensional metal-organic frameworks for packaging enhanced supercapacitive performance

Author

Dong F. Wang, Wei Zhang, Weitao Zheng, Xiaoyu Zhang, Javier Carrasco, Ting Deng, Oier Arcelus, Teófilo Rojo, and Xiaoyuan Shi

Subjects
Supercapacitor, Materials science, Fabrication, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Conductivity, Biochemistry, Crystal, lcsh:Chemistry, chemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Electrode, Materials Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Metal-organic framework, Density functional theory, Carbon
Abstract

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are promising materials for batteries and supercapacitors. However, random crystal orientations and low conductivity can result in poor performance. Designing a convenient method to address these issues is therefore an important challenge. Here we describe an efficient strategy to fabricate self-supported MOF wall-like architectures with uniform orientation on carbon nanowalls (CNWs) as seedbeds. In addition, we gain molecular-level insight into the interface between CNWs and MOF nanosheets using density functional theory calculations. Our results suggest that assembled ions anchor on edge carbon atoms to match the matrix of the edges of CNWs, while the remaining ions self-assemble with terminal –COOH groups on p-benzenedicarboxylic acid ligands to form the structure. Our findings demonstrate a feasible method to fabricate integrated MOF electrodes with ideal orientations and, therefore, may pave the way to unlock the inherent high performance of MOF materials towards a number of engineering applications. Metal-organic frameworks are candidates for future energy storage materials, but are limited by poor conductivity and random crystal orientation on current collectors. Here, fabrication of electrodes containing uniformly oriented crystals supported by carbon nanowalls leads to improved electrochemical performance.

Published
2018

12. Observation of the Identical Rigidity Dependence of He, C, and O Cosmic Rays at High Rigidities by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez-du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. F., Bindi, V., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. F., Burger, W. J., Cadoux, F., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. J., Chang, Y. H., Chen, G. M., Chen, H. S., Cheng, L., Chou, H. Y., Chung, C. H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y. M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Eronen, T., Fiandrini, E., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García-López, R. J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D. M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. H., Haino, S., Han, K. C., He, Z. H., Hoffman, J., Huang, H., Huang, Z. C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. Y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S. C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G. N., Kim, K. S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lee, H. T., Lee, S. C., Leluc, C., Li, H. S., Li, J. Q., Li, Q., Li, T. X., Li, Y., Li, Z. H., Li, Z. Y., Lim, S., Lin, C. H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Lordello, V. D., Lu, S. Q., Lu, Y. S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. Z., Lyu, S. S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. M., Mo, D. C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J. Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X. M., Qu, Z. Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. M., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. S., Shan, B. S., Shi, J. Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. W., Tang, Z. C., Tescaro, D., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. P., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L. Q., Wang, N. H., Wang, Q. L., Wang, X. Q., Wang, Z. X., Wei, C. C., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R. Q., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y. J., Yu, Z. Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J. H., Zhang, S. W., Zheng, Z. M., Zhuang, H. L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., AMS Collaboration, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Dadzie, K., Demakov, O., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Galaktionov, Y., Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Jia, Yi, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Liu, Hu, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Ting, Steve M, Wang, X., Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, J., Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP ), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Institut Polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Perrina, Chiara, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Vitillo, Stefania, Wu, Xin, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Alpat, B., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeǧmez-Du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K.F., Bindi, V., De Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M.J., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E.F., Burger, J., Burger, W.J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X.D., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M.J., Chang, Y.H., Chen, A.I., Chen, G.M., Chen, H.S., Cheng, L., Chou, H.Y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C.H., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, A., Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dadzie, K., Dai, Y.M., Datta, A., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demakov, O., Demirköz, M.B., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., Von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D'Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Fisher, P., Formato, V., Galaktionov, Y., Gallucci, G., García-López, R.J., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Gómez-Coral, D.M., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K.H., Haino, S., Han, K.C., He, Z.H., Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T.H., Huang, H., Huang, Z.C., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W.Y., Jia, Yi, Jinchi, H., Kang, S.C., Kanishev, K., Khiali, B., Kim, G.N., Kim, K.S., Kirn, Th., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Kulemzin, A., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H.T., Lee, S.C., Leluc, C., Li, H.S., Li, J.Q., Li, Q., Li, T.X., Li, Y., Li, Z.H., Li, Z.Y., Lim, S., Lin, C.H., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V.D., Lu, S.Q., Lu, Y.S., Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J.Z., Lyu, S.S., Machate, F., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, N., Maurin, D., Menchaca-Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V.M., Mo, D.C., Mott, P., Nelson, T., Ni, J.Q., Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, F., Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Perrina, C., Phan, H.D., Picot-Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Quadrani, L., Qi, X.M., Qin, X., Qu, Z.Y., Räihä, T., Rancoita, P.G., Rapin, D., Ricol, J.S., Rosier-Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Schael, S., Schmidt, S.M., Schulz Von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E.S., Shan, B.S., Shi, J.Y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J.W., Tacconi, M., Tang, X.W., Tang, Z.C., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. C., Ting, S.M., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoǧlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J.P., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L.Q., Wang, N.H., Wang, Q.L., Wang, X., Wang, X.Q., Wang, Z.X., Wei, C.C., Weng, Z.L., Whitman, K., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xiong, R.Q., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Yu, Y.J., Yu, Z.Q., Zannoni, M., Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, F., Zhang, J., Zhang, J.H., Zhang, S.W., Zhang, Z., Zheng, Z.M., Zhuang, H.L., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, A., Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, Andrew I, Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Feng, Jie, Fisher, Peter H, Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, Timothy Hwa-wei, Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Kulemzin, Alexander, Lebedev, Alexei, Phan, Huy Duc, Plyaskin, Vasily, Qin, Xiaoting, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Ting, Samuel, Ting, Steve M, Weng, Zhili, Xu, Weiwei, Yan, Qi, Zhang, Zhan, Zuccon, Paolo, Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeğmez-du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Burger, W, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dadzie, K, Dai, Y, Datta, A, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demakov, O, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García-López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Gómez-Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jia, Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Khiali, B, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Kulemzin, A, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lyu, S, Machate, F, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Perrina, C, Phan, H, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Vitillo, S, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zannoni, M, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, F, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, satellite, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, primary [cosmic radiation], ddc:500.2, helium, International Space stations, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Helium, International Space Station, Spectral line, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Rigidity (electromagnetism), 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, ddc:530, AMS, 010306 general physics, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Alpha magnetic spectrometers, Physics, ta115, carbon, nucleus, Antimatter, Cosmic Rays, ASTROFÍSICA, magnetic spectrometer, Cosmic Rays, Carbon, Oxygen, cosmic radiation: primary, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, Spectral features, chemistry, Primary cosmic-rays, Atomic physics, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], oxygen
Abstract

Physical review letters 119(25), 251101 (2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.251101, Published by APS, College Park, Md.

Published
2017

13. Unlocking the Electrocatalytic Activity of Chemically Inert Amorphous Carbon-Nitrogen for Oxygen Reduction: Discerning and Refactoring Chaotic Bonds

Author

Weitao Zheng, Keke Huang, Mao Wen, Dong F. Wang, Wenjing Zhang, Wei Zhang, Hongwei Tian, Cai Zhang, Janet Jonna Bentzen, Shouhua Feng, and Shansheng Yu

Subjects
Inert, Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, Nitrogen doping, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Nitrogen, Catalysis, Oxygen reduction, 0104 chemical sciences, Front cover, Chemical engineering, Amorphous carbon, chemistry, Electrochemistry, Oxygen reduction reaction, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The front cover artwork is provided by Prof. Wei Zhang and Cai Zhang from Jilin University (Changchun, China). The image shows that heat treatment can govern the bonding states and unlock the ORR activity for nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon, which is an analogy to the beauty of the stained-glass windows of Sagrada Familia Basilica (Barcelona, Spain) revealed by the sunlight streaming through the windows. Read the full text of the Communication at 10.1002/celc.201700106.

Published
2017

14. Precision Measurement of the Boron to Carbon Flux Ratio in Cosmic Rays from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer on the International Space Station

Author

Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Alpat, B, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeǧmez-du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Bazo, J, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindi, V, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M J, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E F, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X D, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cernuda, I, Cervelli, F, Chae, M J, Chang, Y H, Chen, A I, Chen, G M, Chen, H S, Cheng, L, Chou, H Y, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C H, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Coste, B, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dai, Y M, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demirköz, M B, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D'Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García-López, R J, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gómez-Coral, D M, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guerri, I, Guo, K H, Habiby, M, Haino, S, Han, K C, He, Z H, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T H, Huang, H, Huang, Z C, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W Y, Jinchi, H, Kang, S C, Kanishev, K, Kim, G N, Kim, K S, Kirn, Th, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M S, La Vacca, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H T, Lee, S C, Leluc, C, Li, H S, Li, J Q, Li, Q, Li, T X, Li, W, Li, Z H, Li, Z Y, Lim, S, Lin, C H, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, Hu, Lu, S Q, Lu, Y S, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J Z, Lv, S S, Majka, R, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca-Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mo, D C, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J Q, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Nunes, P, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Picot-Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X M, Qin, X, Qu, Z Y, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P G, Rapin, D, Ricol, J S, Rodríguez, I, Rosier-Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Schael, S, Schmidt, S M, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E S, Shan, B S, Shi, J Y, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J W, Sun, W H, Tacconi, M, Tang, X W, Tang, Z C, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, Samuel C C, Ting, S M, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J P, Vitale, V, Vitillo, S, Wang, L Q, Wang, N H, Wang, Q L, Wang, X, Wang, X Q, Wang, Z X, Wei, C C, Weng, Z L, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Willenbrock, M, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xia, X, Xiong, R Q, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y J, Yu, Z Q, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, J H, Zhang, S D, Zhang, S W, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z M, Zhu, Z Q, Zhuang, H L, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, Zuccon, P, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Laboratory for Nuclear Science, Becker, Ulrich J, Behlmann, Matthew Daniel, Burger, Joseph D, Cai, Xudong, Capell, Michael H, Chen, A. I., Choumilov, Evgueni, Choutko, Vitali, Demakov, O., Egorov, Alexander, Eline, Alexandre, Fisher, P., Galaktionov, Y., Goglov, Pavel, Heil, Melanie, Hsieh, T. H., Kounina, Olga, Kounine, Andrei, Koutsenko, Vladimir, Krafczyk, Matthew Scott, Lebedev, Alexei, Li, J. Q., Plyaskin, Vasily, Rozhkov, Andrey B., Sun, W. H., Ting, Samuel, Ting, S. M., Wang, X., Weng, Z. L., Xu, W., Yan, Q., Zhang, J., Zhang, S. D., Zhang, Z., Zuccon, Paolo, Laboratoire de Physique Subatomique et de Cosmologie (LPSC), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AMS Collaboration, Azzarello, Philipp, Bourquin, Maurice, Cadoux, Franck, Leluc, Catherine, Li, Yang, Paniccia, Mercedes, Pohl, Martin, Rapin, Divic Jean, Saouter, Pierre, Vitillo, Stefania, Wu, Xin, Aguilar, M., Ali Cavasonza, L., Ambrosi, G., Arruda, L., Attig, N., Aupetit, S., Azzarello, P., Bachlechner, A., Barao, F., Barrau, A., Barrin, L., Bartoloni, A., Basara, L., Başeğmez du Pree, S., Battarbee, M., Battiston, R., Becker, U., Behlmann, M., Beischer, B., Berdugo, J., Bertucci, B., Bindel, K. . f., Bindi, V., Boella, G., de Boer, W., Bollweg, K., Bonnivard, V., Borgia, B., Boschini, M. . j., Bourquin, M., Bueno, E. . f., Burger, J., Cadoux, F., Cai, X. . d., Capell, M., Caroff, S., Casaus, J., Castellini, G., Cervelli, F., Chae, M. . j., Chang, Y. . h., Chen, A. . i., Chen, G. . m., Chen, H. . s., Cheng, L., Chou, H. . y., Choumilov, E., Choutko, V., Chung, C. . h., Clark, C., Clavero, R., Coignet, G., Consolandi, C., Contin, Andrea, Corti, C., Creus, W., Crispoltoni, M., Cui, Z., Dai, Y. . m., Delgado, C., Della Torre, S., Demirköz, M. . b., Derome, L., Di Falco, S., Dimiccoli, F., Díaz, C., von Doetinchem, P., Dong, F., Donnini, F., Duranti, M., D’Urso, D., Egorov, A., Eline, A., Eronen, T., Feng, J., Fiandrini, E., Finch, E., Formato, V., Gallucci, G., García, B., García López, R. . j., Gargiulo, C., Gast, H., Gebauer, I., Gervasi, M., Ghelfi, A., Giovacchini, F., Goglov, P., Gómez Coral, D. . m., Gong, J., Goy, C., Grabski, V., Grandi, D., Graziani, M., Guo, K. . h., Haino, S., Han, K. . c., Z. . h., He, Heil, M., Hoffman, J., Hsieh, T. . h., Huang, H., Huang, Z. . c., Huh, C., Incagli, M., Ionica, M., Jang, W. . y., Jinchi, H., Kang, S. . c., Kanishev, K., Kim, G. . n., Kim, K. . s., Kirn, T. h., Konak, C., Kounina, O., Kounine, A., Koutsenko, V., Krafczyk, M. . s., La Vacca, G., Laudi, E., Laurenti, G., Lazzizzera, I., Lebedev, A., Lee, H. . t., Lee, S. . c., Leluc, C., H. . s., Li, J. . q., Li, Li, Q., T. . x., Li, Li, W., Li, Y., Z. . h., Li, Z. . y., Li, Lim, S., Lin, C. . h., Lipari, P., Lippert, T., Liu, D., Liu, Hu, Lordello, V. . d., S. . q., Lu, Y. . s., Lu, Luebelsmeyer, K., Luo, F., Luo, J. . z., S. . s., Lv, Machate, F., Majka, R., Mañá, C., Marín, J., Martin, T., Martínez, G., Masi, Nicolo', Maurin, D., Menchaca Rocha, A., Meng, Q., Mikuni, V. . m., D. . c., Mo, Morescalchi, L., Mott, P., Nelson, T., J. . q., Ni, Nikonov, N., Nozzoli, F., Oliva, A., Orcinha, M., Palmonari, Federico, Palomares, C., Paniccia, M., Pauluzzi, M., Pensotti, S., Pereira, R., Picot Clemente, N., Pilo, F., Pizzolotto, C., Plyaskin, V., Pohl, M., Poireau, V., Putze, A., Quadrani, Lucio, X. . m., Qi, Qin, X., Z. . y., Qu, Räihä, T., Rancoita, P. . g., Rapin, D., Ricol, J. . s., Rosier Lees, S., Rozhkov, A., Rozza, D., Sagdeev, R., Sandweiss, J., Saouter, P., Schael, S., Schmidt, S. . m., Schulz von Dratzig, A., Schwering, G., Seo, E. . s., Shan, B. . s., Shi, J. . y., Siedenburg, T., Son, D., Song, J. . w., Sun, W. . h., Tacconi, M., Tang, X. . w., Tang, Z. . c., Tao, L., Tescaro, D., Ting, Samuel C. . C., Ting, S. . m., Tomassetti, N., Torsti, J., Türkoğlu, C., Urban, T., Vagelli, V., Valente, E., Vannini, C., Valtonen, E., Vázquez Acosta, M., Vecchi, M., Velasco, M., Vialle, J. . p., Vitale, V., Vitillo, S., Wang, L. . q., Wang, N. . h., Wang, Q. . l., Wang, X. . q., Wang, Z. . x., Wei, C. . c., Weng, Z. . l., Whitman, K., Wienkenhöver, J., Wu, H., Wu, X., Xia, X., Xiong, R. . q., Yang, J., Yang, M., Yang, Y., Yi, H., Y. . j., Yu, Z. . q., Yu, Zeissler, S., Zhang, C., Zhang, J. . h., Zhang, S. . d., Zhang, S. . w., Zheng, Z. . m., Zhu, Z. . q., Zhuang, H. . l., Zhukov, V., Zichichi, Antonino, Zimmermann, N., Zuccon, P., Aguilar, M, Ali Cavasonza, L, Ambrosi, G, Arruda, L, Attig, N, Aupetit, S, Azzarello, P, Bachlechner, A, Barao, F, Barrau, A, Barrin, L, Bartoloni, A, Basara, L, Başeğmez du Pree, S, Battarbee, M, Battiston, R, Becker, U, Behlmann, M, Beischer, B, Berdugo, J, Bertucci, B, Bindel, K, Bindi, V, Boella, G, de Boer, W, Bollweg, K, Bonnivard, V, Borgia, B, Boschini, M, Bourquin, M, Bueno, E, Burger, J, Cadoux, F, Cai, X, Capell, M, Caroff, S, Casaus, J, Castellini, G, Cervelli, F, Chae, M, Chang, Y, Chen, A, Chen, G, Chen, H, Cheng, L, Chou, H, Choumilov, E, Choutko, V, Chung, C, Clark, C, Clavero, R, Coignet, G, Consolandi, C, Contin, A, Corti, C, Creus, W, Crispoltoni, M, Cui, Z, Dai, Y, Delgado, C, Della Torre, S, Demakov, O, Demirköz, M, Derome, L, Di Falco, S, Dimiccoli, F, Díaz, C, von Doetinchem, P, Dong, F, Donnini, F, Duranti, M, D’Urso, D, Egorov, A, Eline, A, Eronen, T, Feng, J, Fiandrini, E, Finch, E, Fisher, P, Formato, V, Galaktionov, Y, Gallucci, G, García, B, García López, R, Gargiulo, C, Gast, H, Gebauer, I, Gervasi, M, Ghelfi, A, Giovacchini, F, Goglov, P, Gómez Coral, D, Gong, J, Goy, C, Grabski, V, Grandi, D, Graziani, M, Guo, K, Haino, S, Han, K, He, Z, Heil, M, Hoffman, J, Hsieh, T, Huang, H, Huang, Z, Huh, C, Incagli, M, Ionica, M, Jang, W, Jinchi, H, Kang, S, Kanishev, K, Kim, G, Kim, K, Kirn, T, Konak, C, Kounina, O, Kounine, A, Koutsenko, V, Krafczyk, M, LA VACCA, G, Laudi, E, Laurenti, G, Lazzizzera, I, Lebedev, A, Lee, H, Lee, S, Leluc, C, Li, H, Li, J, Li, Q, Li, T, Li, W, Li, Y, Li, Z, Lim, S, Lin, C, Lipari, P, Lippert, T, Liu, D, Liu, H, Lordello, V, Lu, S, Lu, Y, Luebelsmeyer, K, Luo, F, Luo, J, Lv, S, Machate, F, Majka, R, Mañá, C, Marín, J, Martin, T, Martínez, G, Masi, N, Maurin, D, Menchaca Rocha, A, Meng, Q, Mikuni, V, Mo, D, Morescalchi, L, Mott, P, Nelson, T, Ni, J, Nikonov, N, Nozzoli, F, Oliva, A, Orcinha, M, Palmonari, F, Palomares, C, Paniccia, M, Pauluzzi, M, Pensotti, S, Pereira, R, Picot Clemente, N, Pilo, F, Pizzolotto, C, Plyaskin, V, Pohl, M, Poireau, V, Putze, A, Quadrani, L, Qi, X, Qin, X, Qu, Z, Räihä, T, Rancoita, P, Rapin, D, Ricol, J, Rosier Lees, S, Rozhkov, A, Rozza, D, Sagdeev, R, Sandweiss, J, Saouter, P, Schael, S, Schmidt, S, Schulz von Dratzig, A, Schwering, G, Seo, E, Shan, B, Shi, J, Siedenburg, T, Son, D, Song, J, Sun, W, Tacconi, M, Tang, X, Tang, Z, Tao, L, Tescaro, D, Ting, S, Tomassetti, N, Torsti, J, Türkoğlu, C, Urban, T, Vagelli, V, Valente, E, Vannini, C, Valtonen, E, Vázquez Acosta, M, Vecchi, M, Velasco, M, Vialle, J, Vitale, V, Vitillo, S, Wang, L, Wang, N, Wang, Q, Wang, X, Wang, Z, Wei, C, Weng, Z, Whitman, K, Wienkenhöver, J, Wu, H, Wu, X, Xia, X, Xiong, R, Xu, W, Yan, Q, Yang, J, Yang, M, Yang, Y, Yi, H, Yu, Y, Yu, Z, Zeissler, S, Zhang, C, Zhang, J, Zhang, S, Zhang, Z, Zheng, Z, Zhu, Z, Zhuang, H, Zhukov, V, Zichichi, A, Zimmermann, N, and Zuccon, P

Subjects
Astrophysics and Astronomy, [PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, Cosmic ray, Astrophysics, Cosmic Rays, Galactic propagation, ddc:500.2, 01 natural sciences, Power law, Space missions, FIS/05 - ASTRONOMIA E ASTROFISICA, Physics and Astronomy (all), Rigidity (electromagnetism), AMS-02, boron, carbon, flux ratio, 0103 physical sciences, Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, ddc:550, ddc:530, AMS, Boron, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Cosmic rays, Physics, Cosmic-ray propagation, Spectral index, ta114, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Turbulence, Spectral density, Boron to carbon ratio, Carbon, FIS/01 - FISICA SPERIMENTALE, chemistry, Cosmic ray measurement, Cosmology, Rigidity, Space stations, Spectrometers
Abstract

Knowledge of the rigidity dependence of the boron to carbon flux ratio (B/C) is important in understanding the propagation of cosmic rays. The precise measurement of the B/C ratio from 1.9 GV to 2.6 TV, based on 2.3 million boron and 8.3 million carbon nuclei collected by AMS during the first 5 years of operation, is presented. The detailed variation with rigidity of the B/C spectral index is reported for the first time. The B/C ratio does not show any significant structures in contrast to many cosmic ray models that require such structures at high rigidities. Remarkably, above 65 GV, the B/C ratio is well described by a single power law R[superscript Δ] with index Δ=-0.333±0.014(fit)±0.005(syst), in good agreement with the Kolmogorov theory of turbulence which predicts Δ=-1/3 asymptotically., National Science Foundation (U.S.) (Grants 1455202 and 1551980), Wyle Research (Firm) (Grant 2014/T72497), United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA Earth and Space Science Fellowship Grant HELIO15F-0005)

Published
2016

15. Designing chemical bonds between active materials and current collectors for packaging a high-performance supercapacitor

Author

Hongyan Liu, Hengbin Zhang, Dong F. Wang, Weitao Zheng, Diyi Cheng, Wei Zhang, Ting Deng, Haoxiang Wang, and He Yang

Subjects
Supercapacitor, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Ionic bonding, Bioengineering, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Capacitance, 0104 chemical sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical bond, Chemical engineering, chemistry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mechanics of Materials, Covalent bond, Electrode, Hydroxide, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Clarifying the interaction between active materials and current collectors of the same electrode is crucial for understanding the electrochemical energy storage mechanism and designing high-performance supercapacitors. The interaction mechanism is mainly due to the evolution of chemical bonding. Here, we explore the chemical bonding evolution between cobalt-nickel layered double hydroxide and carbon fiber paper by using ex situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy during redox reaction. The results reveal that chemical bonding corresponds to more ionic states at the lowest potential and more covalent states at the highest potential. Attributed to the formation of C-O-Metal (Co, Ni) chemical bonds, high capacitance with enhanced stability and rate capability is obtained. The Co-Ni layered double hydroxide electrode exhibits a high areal and mass specific capacitance of 0.55 and 952 F g-1 at a low mass loading of 0.58 mg cm-2. At a high mass loading of 3.59 mg cm-2, high areal and mass specific capacitance of 3.24 F cm-2 and 811 F g-1 are obtained. Based on this, a hybrid supercapacitor is fabricated with high-mass-loading Co-Ni layered double hydroxide and active carbon as positive and negative electrodes, respectively. As a result, this device delivers a prominent energy density of 20.9 Wh cm-3 at a power density of 0.12 W cm-3.

Published
2019

16. Direct hydrogen peroxide synthesis using glass microfabricated reactor – Paralleled packed bed operation

Author

Kenichiro Ohtaki, Jiro Adachi, Xu Sun, Sunao Murakami, Dong F. Wang, Ming Lu, and Tomoya Inoue

Subjects
Packed bed, Hydrogen, General Chemical Engineering, Microfluidics, Flow (psychology), Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Oxygen, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering, Catalysis, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Microreactor, Hydrogen peroxide
Abstract

We designed and fabricated a microreactor with paralleled packed beds suitable for the direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from hydrogen and oxygen. The reactor is based on microfluidic design for equal distribution of reaction fluids to each catalyst packed bed, which was validated by the reactor performance and gas- and liquid flow regime visualization. We extended the concept to parallel operation so that 1 kg/day of 4 wt% of hydrogen peroxide was produced by 4-reactor parallel operation. Our strategy gives an alternative opportunity to the scaling-up strategy of flow chemical process technology, by overcoming the fluid maldistribution problem in a gas–liquid and solid multiphase system.

Published
2015

17. Multiplication in Frequencies by Synchronized and Superharmonic Oscillations: Sensing Verification With Picogram Order Microspheres

Author

Du Xu, Tsuyoshi Ikehara, Wang Xin, Dong F. Wang, and Ryutaro Maeda

Subjects
Vibration, Frequency response, Subharmonic function, Cantilever, Oscillation, Chemistry, Excited state, Analytical chemistry, Perturbation (astronomy), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, Instrumentation, Omega
Abstract

The frequency multiplication in a simplified two-cantilever system was characterized and its mass sensing capability was demonstrated. Two microcantilevers similar in cross section but different in length, with primary frequencies of 177.38 kHz [ $\omega _{1 }$ of (long) low-frequency cantilever] and 351.66 kHz [ $\omega _{2 }$ of (short) high-frequency cantilever], are connected micromechanically with each other by a coupling overhang. In synchronized regime, when the long cantilever is excited at its primary frequency of $\omega _{1}$ , the frequency response of the coupled short cantilever has a peak at double the primary frequency of $2~\omega _{1}$ of the long cantilever. While in superharmonic oscillation, the drive frequency of 0.5 $\omega _{2 }$ was multiplied to $\omega _{2}$ with a higher vibration power along high-frequency cantilever. Mass sensing in picogram order was demonstrated by applying polystyrene microspheres as a small mass perturbation onto the tip of low-frequency cantilever. Comparing with no mass perturbation, almost no frequency shift was observed in superharmonic oscillation although the vibration power decreased slightly, while the frequency shift was multiplied by a factor of $n = 2$ from 6.13 to 12.26 kHz with a slightly increased vibration power due to synchronized oscillation. A mass of 8.609 pg was then derived for the applied polystyrene microspheres, corresponding to the calculated value of 8.792 pg from geometrical size and chemical density. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experimental demonstration of synchronized oscillation used for picogram mass sensing, as well as the original comparative study of the frequency multiplication conducted by synchronized oscillation with respect to superharmonic one.

Published
2015

18. Mode-localized trio cantilever array for picogram order mass sensing

Author

Dong F. Wang, Jiajun He, Xiaodong Li, Di Zhou, and Xin Liu

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Analyte, Cantilever, Chemistry, Acoustics, Mode (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Vibration, Resonator, Amplitude, Normal mode, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

We present the theoretical analysis of a three coupled resonator array without any mass perturbation and simulated results of its vibration behaviors under different exciting conditions. It can be concluded that the exciting condition mainly affects the sensing resonator's amplitude value instead of mode shape. Additionally, considering little influence on the mode shape caused by different exciting conditions, we are intended to utilize exciting all resonators simultaneously in the future because of its convenience as well as high sensitivity, in order to realize trace analyte sensing and identification based on mode-localized resonator sensor.

Published
2017

19. Self-alignment observation and conductivity evaluation in micro chips integration with square binding pattern

Author

Ryutaro Maeda, Dong F. Wang, and Takao Ishida

Subjects
In situ, Materials science, business.industry, Orientation (computer vision), Substrate (electronics), Conductivity, Condensed Matter Physics, Square (algebra), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, Surface micromachining, Optics, chemistry, Hardware and Architecture, Terphenyl, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Electrical conductor
Abstract

A "square" binding alignment pattern, with relatively higher energy barrier but four fully aligned orientations at four off-set angles of 0°, 90°, 180°, and 270°, has been analyzed by introducing a concept of the overlap ratio, compared to a "rectangular" one. Both the "square-pattern" micro-chips and the substrate with the "square-pattern" binding sites were fabricated using one-mask micromachining process, and the self-alignment in situ observation under three different off-set orientation angles of 35°, 46°, and 90° was demonstrated using a high-speed video camera. Sequential images reveal a slow translational motion in the early stage followed by a faster rotational alignment. A novel technique has been further proposed for the conductivity evaluation by using three kinds of SAM films, i.e., C12, C18, and Terphenyl. The preliminary measurements indicate that, using the proposed novel structure, the Terphenyl film is believed to be desirable as a conductive SAM film for self-alignment of micro-chips.

Published
2014

20. Analytical studies on amplitude change enhancement in coupled aluminium nitride coated single crystal silicon oscillator pair applicable to ultra‐sensitive resonating microfluidic flowmeters

Author

Kenji Kozuka, Dong F. Wang, Tsuyoshi Ikehara, Ryutaro Maeda, and Keisuke Chatani

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Aluminium nitride, Microfluidics, Biomedical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Perturbation (astronomy), chemistry.chemical_element, Bioengineering, Condensed Matter Physics, Molecular physics, Vibration, Resonator, chemistry.chemical_compound, Amplitude, chemistry, Fluid dynamics, General Materials Science
Abstract

The use of vibration mode localisation in arrays of micromechanically coupled, nearly identical beam-shaped resonators has been analytically studied for ultra-sensitive resonating-based flowmeters. Eigenstate shifts (amplitude change in this Letter) that are about two times (compared with the single resonator), and orders (compared with the resonator array) of magnitude greater than corresponding shifts in resonant frequency for an induced fluid flow (corresponding to an induced small mass perturbation) are preliminarily obtained by theoretical analysis. When an external force of 100 Pa, corresponding to an estimated fluid flow velocity of about 3.15 m/s, is applied to any one (because of the symmetrical design) of the two coupled aluminium nitride coated single crystal silicon resonators, two orders of the amplitude enhancement can be observed for both the resonators at the higher (second) resonance frequency because of vibration mode localisation, which implies the application possibility to highly sensitive resonating-based flow sensors.

Published
2013

21. Integrating MWCNTs-doped MXene with multi-spiral-channel architecture enables field effect transistor biosensor capable of ultrasensitive determination of methotrexate

Author

Chunwen Lu, Ping Xu, Dahui Wang, and Dong Fu

Subjects
MWCNTs-doped MXene, Multi-spiral, Field effect transistor, Biosensor, Methotrexate, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

Previous breakthroughs in biosensor diagnostics stem from engineering and nanocomposites. Accurately detecting low-abundance compounds such as methotrexate in complex biospecimens (e.g. serum) is an important clinical challenge. To address this issue, a MWCNTs-doped MXene-based multi-spiral-channel field-effect transistor (MMSFETs) biosensor was constructed for ultrasensitive quantification of methotrexate. Our integrated biosensor exhibited following merits: a) The synergetic performance of MXene and MWCNTs for enhanced transconductance (0.63 mS) and detection capability (methotrexate, linear range of 0.001–100 μM and LOD down to 0.352 nM); b) Favorable selectivity, stability (one month), reproducibility (RSD = 0.99%, n = 7) for biosensing of methotrexate; c) Acceptable clinical performances on comparisons of MMFETs against commercial Abbott automatic immunoluminescence instrument (ARCHITECT I1000): favorable linearity and correlation coefficient (YMMSFETs = 1.4305 × Xtargeted concentration + 4.3791 with R2 = 0.949), significant p value (7.68E-12

Published
2023
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22. Synchronized oscillation in micro-mechanically coupled oscillator system: Part III - optimization of polymer-based structures applicable to gas molecule sensing

Author

Tsuyoshi Ikehara, Mengyuan Mao, Dong F. Wang, Ryutaro Maeda, Zhang Zhiyu, Du Xu, Xu Yang, Wang Xin, and Liu Xin

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Frequency response, Cantilever, Materials science, business.industry, 010401 analytical chemistry, Torsion (mechanics), Perturbation (astronomy), 02 engineering and technology, Polymer, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Computer Science::Other, 0104 chemical sciences, Vibration, chemistry, Control theory, Optoelectronics, Molecule, 0210 nano-technology, business, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors
Abstract

An oscillation system, consisting of a U-shaped and a beam-shaped cantilevers coupled via synchronization was reported in DTIP 2012 which focused on the synchronized region. While the doubled frequency response by the super-harmonic oscillation was studied in DTIP 2013. In this work, the frequency enhancement is achieved by using coupled synchronized cantilever system which oscillates in the second eigenstate vibration mode and is expected to be applied to gas molecule sensing. Polymer-based systems consist of two cantilevers coupled with coupling overhangs are proposed. The synchronized oscillation is analytically observed for the first time in PMMA cantilevers by eliminating the torsion effect via putting up two symmetric side overhangs except the center one. Compared to a rectangular one, a T-shaped beam with larger adsorbing area is selected for further examination on the improvement of torsion effect on the above second mode by changing 2D sizes of two symmetric side overhangs. Sensitivities of three cantilever structures of rectangular beam, T-shaped beam and interdigital beam are compared by increasing the mass perturbation on the gas-sensitive layer to generate frequency shift. The easily manufacturable polymer-based oscillator system is applicable to disposable gas molecule sensing, as well as repeated use.

Published
2016

23. Mode localization analysis and characterization in a 5-beam array of coupled nearly identical micromechanical resonators for ultra-sensitive mass detection and analyte identification

Author

Ryutaro Maeda, Tsuyoshi Ikehara, Dong F. Wang, and Keisuke Chatani

Subjects
Imagination, Analyte, Chemical substance, Chemistry, media_common.quotation_subject, Analytical chemistry, Perturbation (astronomy), Condensed Matter Physics, Molecular physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Vibration, Resonator, Amplitude, Hardware and Architecture, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Eigenvalues and eigenvectors, media_common
Abstract

The use of vibration mode localization in arrays of micro-mechanically coupled, nearly identical beam-shaped resonators has been studied for ultrasensitive mass detection and analyte identification. Eigenstate shifts (amplitude shift in this work) that are three to four times (compared to single resonator), and orders (compared to resonator array) of magnitude greater than corresponding shifts in resonant frequency for an induced mass perturbation are theoretically analyzed, from the view points of geometrical design of the coupling overhang. A mechanically coupled beam-shaped 5-resonator array was therefore analyzed, fabricated, and characterized. The analytical results show that higher amplitudes could be obtained for the two outermost resonators due to the symmetrical design, while the empirical results show that high amplitude could only be obtained for one outermost resonator.

Published
2012

24. Thermal treatments and gas adsorption influences on nanomechanics of ultra-thin silicon resonators for ultimate sensing

Author

Dong F. Wang, Masayoshi Esashi, and Takahito Ono

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Surface stress, chemistry.chemical_element, Bioengineering, Nanotechnology, General Chemistry, Thermal treatment, Resonator, Adsorption, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Thermal, Miniaturization, Optoelectronics, General Materials Science, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, business, Nanomechanics
Abstract

Miniaturization of mechanical components is the simplest method to minimize thermo-mechanical noise in various kinds of resonating sensors and nano-electromechanical systems (NEMSs). As the dimensions of a structure shrink, surface effects tend to dominate the bulk properties in mechanical quality factors (Q-factors). This paper presents findings on nanomechanical properties of ultra-thin single-crystal silicon (SCS) resonators, with emphasis on their surface effects, resulting from thermal treatments and gas adsorption. The measured Q-factors were found to be very sensitive to the surface conditions. This implies that the surface-related mechanism, or adsorption-induced surface stress, should be considered to explain the observed behaviour. The results obtained in this study provide an insight into the understanding of effects of thermal treatments and gas adsorption on nanomechanics of resonating elements, and provide further proof that thermal treatment is an effective method to achieve higher Q-factors for future nanoengineered devices for ultimate sensing.

Published
2004

25. Coating thickness effects on initial wear of nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon in nano-scale sliding contact: Part I—in situ examination

Author

Koji Kato and Dong F Wang

Subjects
In situ, Materials science, Silicon, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, engineering.material, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Contact mechanics, Amorphous carbon, chemistry, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, Nanoscopic scale, Carbon nitride
Abstract

This paper, the first of a two-part series, presents the empirical data obtained from in situ examination on the generation of wear particles on carbon nitride coatings by a spherical diamond counter-face during repeated sliding contacts. In particular, the effect of coating thickness, varying from 1 to 500 nm, on the generation of wear particles was examined. Based on the in situ examination, the shape transition maps for generated wear particles were obtained for carbon nitride coatings of various thickness. The results show that the critical number of friction cycles, Nc, for the transition from “no observable wear particles” to “wear particle generation” generally increased with increasing coating thickness. It was noted that up to 20 friction cycles, the maximum Hertzian contact pressure, P max , for “no observable wear particles” regime can be increased from 1.39Y to 1.53Y if silicon was coated with carbon nitride coating thicker than 10 nm, where Y is defined as the yield strength of silicon.

Published
2003

26. Coating thickness effect on initial wear of nitrogen-doped amorphous carbon in nano-scale sliding contact: Part II—theoretical modeling

Author

N Hu, Dong F Wang, and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, Radius, engineering.material, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Amorphous carbon, Coating, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Indentation, engineering, Forensic engineering, Composite material, Carbon nitride, Nanoscopic scale, Asperity (materials science)
Abstract

This is the second paper of a two-part report. In the first paper, empirical data on the wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings subjected to repeated sliding contact with a spherical diamond counter-face is reported. The effect of coating thickness on the wear particle generation is also discussed in the first paper. In this paper, a simplified theoretical expression, combining the Coffin-Manson equation with the analytical solution of a proposed elastic perfectly-plastic indentation model, is introduced. The expression successfully correlates critical number of friction cycles for wear particle generation N c to coating thickness h , contact pressure P and radius of spherical asperity on the tip of the diamond pin R . With this expression, the lifespan of sliding components can be predicted. The theoretical results computed for diamond pin with a specific asperity radius value of 250 nm were compared with the experimental results reported in the first paper. The theoretical model successfully predicts the maximum lifespan of a component, N c , in repeated sliding applications. The influences of various contact pressures and asperity radii on the maximum lifespan were also assessed using the model.

Published
2003

27. Nano-Scale Fatigue Wear of Carbon Nitride Coatings: Part II—Wear Mechanisms

Author

Dong F. Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Delamination, Metallurgy, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, engineering.material, Plasticity, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, Indentation, engineering, Carbon nitride, Nanoscopic scale, Asperity (materials science)
Abstract

This is the second part of two companion papers, the first of which reported the empirical data on wear properties in carbon nitride coatings by a spherical diamond counter-face in repeated sliding contacts through in situ examination, with an emphasis on the effect of friction cycles and normal load. The second part will concentrate on wear mechanisms for the transition from “No observable wear particles” to “Wear particle generation.” The relationship between the critical number of friction cycles, Nc, and the representative plastic strain, Δεp, at asperity contact region was confirmed to follow the Manson-Coffin equation with two empirical constants, β and C. The observed generation of wear particles in carbon nitride coatings is therefore concluded to be a low cycle fatigue wear by surface flow and surface delamination in the ploughing mode. For further predicting lifespan, a simplified theoretical expression, combining the Manson-Coffin equation with the analytical solution of a proposed elastic perfectly-plastic indentation model, gives the relation between the critical number of friction cycles, Nc, and the coating thickness h, with respect to the contact pressure P, and the radius R of the asperity on the tip of the diamond pin.

Published
2003

28. Nano-Scale Fatigue Wear of Carbon Nitride Coatings: Part I—Wear Properties

Author

Dong F. Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Diamond, Wear particle, Surfaces and Interfaces, engineering.material, Mode change, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Normal load, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Rate change, engineering, human activities, Carbon nitride, Nanoscopic scale
Abstract

This paper, the first of two companion papers, reports empirical data on wear properties in carbon nitride coatings by a spherical diamond counter-face in repeated sliding contacts through in situ examination and post-sliding observation, with an emphasis on the effects of friction cycles and normal load. In the repeated sliding, a specific wear amount of about 10−9mm3/Nm was observed on the wear track of the carbon nitride coating when no wear particles were detected. On the other hand, a specific wear amount of about 10−6mm3/Nm was observed on the wear track of the carbon nitride coating, where wear particles were generated after a certain number of friction cycles. Wear rate change corresponds to a wear mode change. From in situ examination, the critical number of friction cycles, Nc, for wear particle generation is proven to be related to a wear mode change.

Published
2003

29. Humidity effect on the critical number of friction cycles for wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings

Author

Koji Kato and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Humidity, Diamond, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, Tribology, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Relative humidity, Composite material, Carbon nitride, Water vapor
Abstract

Wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings by a spherical diamond counterpart in repeated sliding contacts has been studied with an emphasis on the effect of relative humidity varying from 0.4 to 80%. An environmental scanning electron microscope (E-SEM), in which a pin-on-disk type apparatus was installed, has in situ provided direct evidence that when and where the wear particle generation do occur. The in situ examination of non-conductive carbon nitride coatings are therefore available free from surface charging with controllable relative humidity and a sliding speed of 50 mm/s varying normal load from 10 to 250 mN. Based on the in situ examination, the shape transition maps for generated wear particles have been obtained for carbon nitride coatings in various relative humidity. The results show that the critical number of friction cycles ( N c ) for detecting a cluster of wear particles is observed to be generally increasing with an increase in relative humidity. It also appears that the increase in relative humidity results in a decrease in peak-to-valley (P-V) values of contact tracks during the first friction cycle, which is essentially induced by a combined plastic deformation behavior of carbon nitride coated silicon surface. This further implies that the effective surface property such as hardness has been possibly changed by introducing water vapor into the contact interface between the carbon nitride coating and the spherical diamond counterpart, if assuming the contact pressure has a constant value.

Published
2003

30. Coating hardness effect on the critical number of friction cycles for wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings

Author

Dong F Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Diamond, chemistry.chemical_element, General Chemistry, Tribology, engineering.material, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Coating, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Surface roughness, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Composite material, Ion beam-assisted deposition, Environmental scanning electron microscope, Carbon nitride
Abstract

Wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings by a spherical diamond counterpart in repeated sliding contacts has been studied with an emphasis on the effect of coating hardness, through varying two nitrogen incorporation conditions of ion acceleration energy (I.A.E.) and ion current density (I.C.D.). With a pin-on-disk type apparatus installed in the chamber of an environmental scanning electron microscope (E-SEM), the motivation of this paper is to show the direct evidence of when and where the wear particles of non-conductive carbon nitride coatings deposited onto silicon substrates do generate under controllable relative humidity, rather than infer that how wear particle generation do occur from post-testing observation. Based on the in situ examination, the shape transition maps for generated wear particles have been obtained for various nitrogen incorporation conditions. The results show that the critical number of friction cycles, Nc, for detecting a cluster of wear particles is observed to be generally decreasing with an increase in both ion acceleration energy and ion current density. However, the effect of ion acceleration energy seems to be somewhat bigger than that of ion current density, not only on the critical number of friction cycles, Nc, but also on the coating characteristics, such as surface roughness, nano-indentation hardness and internal stress. It is found further that the critical number of friction cycles, Nc, is showing a linearly increasing behavior with an increase in nano-indentation hardness, which is determined by both ion acceleration energy and ion current density during an ion beam assisted deposition process.

Published
2002

31. In situ examination of wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings by repeated sliding contact against a spherical diamond

Author

Dong F. Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, Tribology, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Forensic engineering, Cluster (physics), Relative humidity, Composite material, human activities, Environmental scanning electron microscope, Carbon nitride
Abstract

With a pin-on-disk type apparatus installed in the chamber of an environmental scanning electron microscope (E-SEM), the motivation of this paper is to show the validity of the in situ examination to study the generation of wear particles of non-conductive carbon nitride coatings on silicon substrates under controllable relative humidity. Two typical shapes of generated wear particles can be observed in the light of in situ examination of contacting surfaces in the “wear particle generation” regime following the “no wear particles” regime. The observed two typical shapes are “feather-like wear particles” and “plate-like wear particles”, respectively. A shape transition map of wear particle generation as a function of normal loads and friction cycles is then obtained. The critical friction cycles Nc for detecting a cluster of feather-like wear particles is therefore determined from “no wear particles” to “feather-like wear particles” by the shape transition map at different applied normal loads, and is also used as the maximum value for the “no wear particles” regime for comparison. In light of the above approach to wear particle generation, the validity of using in situ examination makes further study of the effects of other important factors, such as the nitrogen incorporation conditions, coating thickness and the environments, on wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings possible.

Published
2002

32. Effect of coating thickness on friction for carbon nitride films in repeated sliding against a spherical diamond with nano-scale asperities

Author

Dong F. Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, Substrate (electronics), Surface finish, Tribology, Sputter deposition, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, Forensic engineering, engineering, Composite material, Carbon nitride
Abstract

The frictional behavior of carbon nitride coatings on silicon substrates repeatedly sliding against a spherical diamond is presented. The motivation is to clarify the coating thickness effect on friction with relation to applied normal load and repeated friction cycles. Repeated friction tests on silicon substrates with sputtered carbon nitride coatings of various thickness were conducted using a pin-on-disk type apparatus under a controlled environment. The results indicate that the maximum value of friction coefficient occurs around certain coating thickness with no relation to applied normal load. Considering the nano-scale sub-asperities on the tip of the diamond counter-face and the ratio of substrate to the coating hardness, the results from the experiments are favorably comparable to the results obtained with a contacting model proposed by Halling and Sherbiney [28].

Published
2002

33. Cover Picture: Unlocking the Electrocatalytic Activity of Chemically Inert Amorphous Carbon-Nitrogen for Oxygen Reduction: Discerning and Refactoring Chaotic Bonds (ChemElectroChem 6/2017)

Author

Wei Zhang, Shouhua Feng, Dong F. Wang, Wenjing Zhang, Keke Huang, Mao Wen, Janet Jonna Bentzen, Hongwei Tian, Weitao Zheng, Cai Zhang, and Shansheng Yu

Subjects
Inert, Inorganic chemistry, Nitrogen doping, chemistry.chemical_element, computer.software_genre, Nitrogen, Catalysis, Oxygen reduction, Amorphous carbon, Code refactoring, chemistry, Electrochemistry, Oxygen reduction reaction, Cover (algebra), computer
Published
2017

34. Tribological evaluation of carbon coatings with and without nitrogen incorporation applicable to MicroElectroMechanical systems

Author

Koji Kato and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
Microelectromechanical systems, Moving parts, Materials science, Silicon, Metals and Alloys, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Tribology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Microactuator, Reliability (semiconductor), chemistry, Forensic engineering, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Instrumentation, Carbon nitride, Carbon
Abstract

Although the integration into macro-devices and systems is a promising application, a MicroElectroMechanical system (MEMS) will become much more useful when it can be driven by a connected microactuator of small size, low-power and low-mass, and then controlled precisely at desired operation conditions. Recent demonstration of silicon material-based microactuator has revealed a profound influence of friction and wear on the whole performance including increased functioning, reliability, robustness, long life and high safety. Since undesirable tribological contacts occur directly between moving parts or moving and fixed ones and indirectly due to generated wear particles or dust particles interfering with tight tolerance, thin hard protective coatings, as an effective solution, which can be expected to reduce the friction and improve the wear resistance of silicon materials, need to be exploited. With the expected protective sputter-coatings of carbon with and without nitrogen incorporation, this work has been focused on the wear resistance improvement enhanced by nitrogen incorporation dynamically and initially evaluated from the view point of “wear particle generation”, in comparison to silicon materials for the possible use in MEMS. A discussion is also given into a new access to tribological evaluation of protective coatings applicable to MEMS.

Published
2001

35. Critical load for wear particle generation in carbon nitride coatings by single sliding against a spherical diamond

Author

Dong F Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Critical load, Materials science, Silicon, Ion beam, Mechanical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, Tribology, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Forensic engineering, engineering, Composite material, Carbon nitride
Abstract

The `critical load' for wear particle generation of carbon nitride coatings sliding against a spherical diamond under a linearly increasing load has been examined in situ in relation to different nitrogen incorporation conditions, i.e. assisted N ion acceleration energy and N ion beam current density, and different coating thickness. An environmental scanning electron microscope (E-SEM), in which a pin-on-disk tribotester was installed, has provided direct evidence in situ of when, how and where wear particle generation occurs during the sliding of carbon nitride coatings against a spherical diamond. The in-situ examination of non-conductive carbon nitride coatings are available in E-SEM free from surface charging with controllable relative humidity. The sliding tests under linearly increasing load up to 300 mN at a sliding speed of 10 μm/s have been carried out with the purpose of measuring the `critical load' for wear particle generation in a similar way to the traditional macro scratch testing. However, instead of the `critical load', the critical maximum Hertzian contact pressure P max will also be used in the following for better understanding. Based on the systematic study of seven combinations of nitrogen incorporation parameters and five kinds of thickness (0, 10, 50, 100 and 200 nm), the applicable range of P max for wear particle generation can be increased from 1.6 Y to 1.83∼1.92 Y or to 1.80∼1.89 Y , where Y is defined as the yield strength of silicon of 7 GPa, by coating carbon nitride onto silicon with changing nitrogen incorporation conditions of ion acceleration energy and ion current density, or varing coating thickness from 10 to 200 nm. It also appears that the observed wear particle generation of carbon nitride coatings was associated with a failure initiated in the silicon substrate rather than within the carbon nitride coating or at the coating–substrate interface in the light of both the empirical identification and the theoretical discussion.

Published
2001

36. Effect of friction cycles on wear particle generation of carbon nitride coating against a spherical diamond

Author

Koji Kato and Dong F Wang

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Scanning electron microscope, Mechanical Engineering, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Contact mechanics, chemistry, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, Forensic engineering, engineering, Composite material, human activities, Environmental scanning electron microscope, Carbon nitride
Abstract

The in-situ observations of wear particle generation of carbon nitride coating on silicon repeatedly sliding against a spherical diamond have been studied in terms of the critical friction cycles and normal loads. An environmental scanning electron microscope (E-SEM), in which a pin-on-disk tribotester was installed, has in-situ provided direct evidence of when and how the wear particle generation do occur during the repeated sliding of carbon nitride coating against a spherical diamond. The in-situ observations of non-conductive carbon nitride coating are therefore available free from surface charging with controllable relative humidity. The repeated sliding tests at a sliding speed of 50 μm/s have been carried out with the purpose of observing the ‘No wear particle generation’ region when varying normal load from 10 to 250 mN. It appears that until 20 friction cycles, the maximum Hertzian contact pressure P max for ‘No wear particle generation’ can be improved from 1.39 Y to 1.53 Y if silicon is coated by carbon nitride with a thickness of 10 nm, where Y is defined as the yield strength of silicon. The applicable enlargement of the ‘No wear particle generation’ region of carbon nitride coating has therefore been comparatively discussed with the silicon substrate from the view points of the friction coefficient and the specific wear rate. The mode transition maps have also been summarized for the repeated sliding of carbon nitride coating in terms of ‘No wear particle generation’, ‘Wear particle generation by microcutting’ and ‘Wear particle generation by microcutting and microfracturing’ three typical modes.

Published
2000

37. Mechanical characterization and tribological evaluation of ion-beam-assisted sputter coatings of carbon with nitrogen incorporation

Author

Koji Kato, Noritsugu Umehara, and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
Materials science, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, Nanoindentation, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Nitrogen, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemical engineering, chemistry, Coating, Sputtering, Physical vapor deposition, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Ion beam-assisted deposition, Carbon nitride, Carbon
Abstract

Sputter coatings of carbon with nitrogen incorporation have been prepared by ion-beam-assisted deposition on Si(111) substrates. An amorphous structure with tiny crystals in the coating has been observed and confirmed by field-emission transmission electron microscopy. Analyses by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and secondary-ion mass spectrometry have revealed that the level of nitrogen incorporation is about 10%, and the composition distribution of both carbon and nitrogen atoms normal to the coating surfaces is homogeneous. A detailed Raman analysis has further shown that the proportion of sp 2 carbon bonds increases with the nitrogen acceleration energy. The influences of different nitrogen incorporation parameters and different coating thicknesses on the mechanical properties of carbon nitride coatings have been systematically characterized for the first time from the viewpoints of surface roughness, nanoindentation hardness and internal stress. Finally, the tribological properties of ion-beam-assisted carbon nitride coatings have also been evaluated in terms of nitrogen incorporation and coating thickness.

Published
2000

38. Dynamic evaluation of surface damage mode transitions in carbon nitride coatings due to sliding contact with a spherical diamond

Author

Dong F. Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Sputtering, Physical vapor deposition, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Forensic engineering, Composite material, Environmental scanning electron microscope, Carbon nitride, Groove (music)
Abstract

The influences of both the nitrogen incorporation parameters and the coating thickness on the surface damage mode transitions in carbon nitride coatings have been initially studied from the view points of critical loads and critical groove depth. An environmental scanning electron microscope, in which a traditional pin-on-disk tribotester was installed, has dynamically provided direct evidence that when and how the surface damage mode transitions do occur during the room-temperature sliding of ion beam assisted carbon nitride coatings deposited on single crystal silicon substrates against a spherical diamond. At a controlled relative humidity of 40%, the normal loads of all sliding tests were consecutively changed until 300 mN at a sliding speed of 10 mm/s. Based on a detailed study of seven combinations of nitrogen incorporation parameters and five kinds of thicknesses, i.e., 0, 10, 50, 100 and 200 nm, carbon nitride coatings showed that the sliding mainly consisted of `No grooving', `Grooving without material removal' and `Grooving with material removal' three typical surface damage modes. The mode transitions were then experimentally studied in the light of critical loads and critical groove depth to the summarized surface damage modes and the influences of both the nitrogen incorporation parameters and the coating thickness were further discussed with a relation to nano-indentation hardness and internal stress.

Published
1999

39. Coating thickness effect on surface damage mode transitions for an ion beam assisted carbon nitride coating subject to sliding contact with a spherical diamond

Author

Dong F. Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Silicon, Scanning electron microscope, chemistry.chemical_element, Diamond, Mineralogy, Surfaces and Interfaces, Substrate (electronics), engineering.material, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Coating, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Composite material, Ion beam-assisted deposition, Environmental scanning electron microscope, Carbon nitride
Abstract

An environmental scanning electron microscope has provided direct evidence that the surface damage mode transitions occur during the room-temperature sliding of carbon nitride coating deposited on single crystal silicon substrate against a spherical diamond pin. Based on a detailed in-situ study of four kinds of thicknesses, i.e., 10, 50, 100 and 200 nm and with a bare substrate Si(111) for comparison, carbon nitride coatings showed that the sliding mainly consisted of `No grooving', `Grooving with no material removal' and `Grooving with material removal' three typical surface damage modes. The mode transitions were then be studied in the light of the critical loads and the critical groove depth corresponding to the summarized surface damage modes, and further discussed from the view point of coating thickness with a relation to the nano-indented hardness and a possible failure in the substrate.

Published
1998

41. Friction studies of ion beam assisted carbon nitride coating sliding against diamond pin in water vapor

Author

Dong F. Wang and Koji Kato

Subjects
Materials science, Diamond, Surfaces and Interfaces, Nitride, engineering.material, Sputter deposition, Tribology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Coating, Amorphous carbon, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Composite material, Ion beam-assisted deposition, Carbon nitride
Abstract

Amorphous carbon nitride coating of thickness 500 nm was deposited onto single crystal silicon using an ion beam assisted deposition method (IBM). Both the friction coefficient and the friction process of amorphous carbon nitride coating sliding against diamond pin were measured with a pin-on-disk tribotester and in situ observed with an environmental scanning electron microscope (E-SEM), respectively. In the sliding tests, the amorphous carbon nitride coating gave an initial friction coefficient of 0.02, rising to around 0.08 when the normal load was consecutively changed from 10 until 150 mN at a fixed sliding speed of 10 μm/s. However, an increasing tendency of measured friction coefficients can also be observed when relative humidities varied by up to about 80%. The Bowden-Tabor model of friction is shown to be not exactly in accordance with measured friction coefficients for the plastic deformation regime, although the adhesion model for the no plastic deformation regime still needs further studies.

Published
1998

42. Engineering MOF surface defects in mixed matrix membranes: An effective strategy to enhance MOF/polymer adhesion and control interfacial gas transport

Author

Dong Fan, Aydin Ozcan, Osama Shekhah, Rocio Semino, Mohamed Eddaoudi, and Guillaume Maurin

Subjects
Metal−Organic Frameworks, Mixed Matrix Membranes, MOF surface defects, MOF/polymer adhesion, Gas transport, Molecular simulations, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract

MOF/polymer adhesion in Mixed Matrix Membranes (MMMs) has been mainly enhanced so far via MOF and/or polymer functionalization to strengthen the interactions between the two components. This strategy, albeit effective, is generally accompanied by a drop in the permeability and/or selectivity performance of the MMMs. In this contribution, engineering structure defects at the MOF surfaces is proposed as an effective route to create pockets that immobilize part of the polymer chain, which is of crucial importance both to avoid plasticization issues and to enhance the MOF/polymer affinity while overcoming the adhesion/performance trade-off in MMMs. This engineered interfacial interlocking structure also serves as a bridge to accelerate the gas transport from the polymeric region towards the MOF pore entrance. This concept is showcased with a model MMM made of the prototypical UiO-66 MOF and the glassy Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity-1 (PIM-1) and tested using CO2, CH4 and, N2 as guest species. Our computational findings reveal that a defective UiO-66 MOF surface improves the MOF/PIM-1 adhesion and contributes to accelerate the interfacial gas transport of the slender molecules CO2 and N2 and in a lesser extent of the spherical molecule CH4. This translates into a selective enhancement of the CO2 transport once combined with CH4 which paves the ways toward promising perspective for pre-combustion CO2 capture.

Published
2022
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43. A study for erosion of Si3N4 ceramics by impact of solid particles

Author

Z.Y. Mao and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
Materials science, Solid particle, Mineralogy, Surfaces and Interfaces, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Brittleness, Silicon nitride, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, visual_art, Materials Chemistry, Erosion, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ceramic, Composite material, Deformation (engineering), Quartz
Abstract

Hot-pressed self-reinforced silicon nitride ceramics were eroded with SiC and quartz particles at different impingement angles. The target ceramics were comprised of rod-shaped grains of various aspect ratios. Erosion weight loss was measured and the erosion dependence on impingement angles was determined. The test ceramics exhibited an N-like erosion curve, and a combination of both ductile and brittle behavior. The damage to the surfaces of silicon nitride ceramics varied from microploughing with limited deformation to microcracking with crumbling.

Published
1996

44. Effect of microstructure on erosive wear behavior of SiC ceramics

Author

Ji H She, Zhi Y Ma, and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
Materials science, Metallurgy, Surfaces and Interfaces, Pressureless sintering, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Hot pressing, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry.chemical_compound, Grit blasting, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Hot isostatic pressing, visual_art, Materials Chemistry, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Silicon carbide, Ceramic, Rock blasting
Abstract

Grit blasting wear tests (gas-blast method) have been performed on three SiC structural ceramics by silicon carbide particles using different impingement angles and blasting velocities at room temperature. The three SiC ceramics were sintered with different technologies of pressureless sintering, hot pressing and hot isostatic pressing respectively. The damage to the surfaces that has been observed to occur in the wear of test ceramics is described in detail. The major part of the paper concentrates on the different surface microstructure of test ceramics and the effect of the microstructure on wear.

Published
1995

45. Time dependence of energy dissipation in resonating silicon cantilevers in ultrahigh vacuum

Author

Masayoshi Esashi, Takahito Ono, and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
Materials science, Cantilever, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, business.industry, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, Nanotechnology, Dissipation, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, chemistry.chemical_compound, Resonator, chemistry, Q factor, Optoelectronics, Crystalline silicon, business, Mechanical energy
Abstract

The nanomechanical properties of single-crystalline silicon cantilevers as resonating elements are investigated in ultra-high vacuum. Flash heating the single-crystalline silicon cantilever at 1000 °C in ultra-high vacuum dramatically reduced the mechanical energy dissipation of the oscillating cantilever due to the removal of contaminants and natural oxide and reconstruction of the silicon surface. However, the reconstructed silicon surface is not stable and mechanical properties change depending on the surface state. The Q-factor and influence of gas adsorption on ultrathin single crystalline silicon resonators having (100) and (111)-oriented surfaces are presented.

Published
2003

46. Crystallographic influence on nanomechanics of (100)-oriented silicon resonators

Author

Dong F. Wang, Masayoshi Esashi, and Takahito Ono

Subjects
Resonator, Crystallography, Cantilever, Thermoelastic damping, Materials science, Quality (physics), Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Silicon, chemistry, Q factor, chemistry.chemical_element, Dissipation, Nanomechanics
Abstract

The influence of crystallographic orientation on the nanomechanical properties of 50 nm thick (100)-oriented single-crystal silicon resonators was investigated by examining the effects of surface treatments, such as flash-heating, on the mechanical quality factors (Q-factors) and resonant frequencies. The measured Q-factors were found to vary periodically with crystallographic orientation and were shown to have higher values in the 〈110〉 direction. A 1500 nm thick (100)-oriented cantilever array was also studied for comparison, for which no obvious periodic change was observed. Since the energy dissipation in vibrating resonators cannot be explained by the support loss or thermoelastic loss, a surface-related mechanism should be considered.

Published
2003

47. Improving picogram mass sensitivity via frequency doubling in coupled silicon micro-cantilevers

Author

Dong F. Wang, Tsuyoshi Ikehara, Ryutaro Maeda, Du Xu, and Wang Xin

Subjects
Frequency response, Cantilever, Silicon, business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Perturbation (astronomy), 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Element model, Nonlinear system, Optics, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Excited state, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Atomic physics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Voltage
Abstract

Two geometrically different cantilevers, with primary frequencies of 182.506 kHz (u-shaped cantilever for sensing) and 372.503 kHz (rectangular cantilever for detecting), were coupled by two symmetrical coupling overhangs for oscillation-based mass sensing verification with phase-locking. Based on a lumped element model, a theoretical expression, containing a nonlinear spring constant and a term corresponding to the effect of the coupling spring, was proposed to consider the factors influencing the entrainment range, which is defined as a plateau with a frequency ratio (resonant frequency of rectangular cantilever to that of u-shaped cantilever) of 2.000 in present study. A picogram order mass sensing by applying a polystyrene microsphere as a small mass perturbation onto the tip of the u-shaped cantilever was demonstrated. By varying driving voltages, two entrainment regions with and without microsphere were experimentally measured and comparatively shown. At a driving voltage of 1 Vpp, when the u-shaped cantilever was excited at its shifted frequency of 180.29 kHz, the frequency response of the coupled rectangular cantilever had a peak at double the shifted frequency of 360.58 kHz of the u-shaped cantilever. The frequency shift for picogram mass sensing was thus doubled from 2560 Hz to 5133 Hz due to phase-locking. A mass of 3.732 picogram was derived based on the doubled frequency shift corresponding to a calculated mass of 3.771 picogram from measured diameter and reported density. Both experimental demonstration and theoretical discussions from the viewpoint of entrainment range elicits the possibility of increasing the mass sensitivity via phase-locking in the coupled silicon micro-cantilevers.

Published
2015

48. Enhancing amplitude changes by mode localization in trio cantilevers with mass perturbation

Author

Tsuyoshi Ikehara, Dong F. Wang, Ryutaro Maeda, Xu Yang, and Xiaodong Li

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound, Cantilever, Amplitude, Mechanics of Materials, Chemistry, Mechanical Engineering, Analytical chemistry, Perturbation (astronomy), Polystyrene, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Molecular physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract

A simplified three-cantilever array was designed and micro-fabricated for demonstrating the response enhancement in amplitude changes when applying small mass perturbations. Three micro-cantilevers, defined as side (outermost) cantilever, center cantilever and another side cantilever, are identical in geometry and are connected micro-mechanically with each other by two coupling overhangs. In the case of analytical characterizations, by applying a picogram order mass perturbation (10 pg) on one side cantilever, significant enhancements in amplitude changes were obtained at the 2nd resonance mode from both of the unloaded cantilevers. The amplitude change from the center cantilever is about 7000 times higher than that with no mass perturbation, while the change in amplitude from another side cantilever is about 4000 times higher. In the aspect of experimental characterizations, the enhancement in amplitude change at the 2nd resonance mode was verified by applying two polystyrene micro-spheres (about 8.8 pg) as a picogram order mass perturbation onto one side cantilever. Due to the operational difficulties in quantitatively manipulating polystyrene micro-spheres, the effects of mass variations on the enhancement in amplitude changes from unloaded cantilevers were further analytically characterized under a range of 0.01–100 pg for three resonance modes respectively. This work is the first comparative study using three identical spring-mass beams on both analytical characterizations by applying small mass perturbations and sensing verification by manipulating a picogram polystyrene micro-sphere.

Published
2015

50. Development of NiFe micromagnet stripes for solid-state NMR quantum computing

Author

Atsushi Takahashi, Yoshinori Matsumoto, Kohei M. Itoh, and Dong F. Wang

Subjects
SQUID, Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance, Spins, Condensed matter physics, law, Chemistry, Magnetism, Wafer, Reactive-ion etching, Magnetostatics, law.invention, Magnetic field
Abstract

An all-silicon quantum computer architecture using 29 Si nuclear spins qubits buried in the spin-free matrix of 28 Si has been suggested. It requires an array of micro-magnets which impose a large magnetic field gradient along the chain of the 29 Si nuclear spins qubits, which allow for the NMR frequency difference between two neighboring 29 Si qubits. In this work, we report on the successful fabrication of an array of NiFe (Ni45%-Fe55%) micro-magnet stripes (the cross-section 1.2x1 μm 2 ) formed directly on natural Si wafers using reactive ion etching (RIE) with the NH3-CO-Xe gas mixture. The magnetic field gradient calculation with the finite element method with the geometry of the fabricated NiFe stripes predicts the gradient of 0.4T/μm at the distance 100nm away from the micro-magnet when the stripes are placed in the static magnetic field of 6T for the NMR measurement. The magnetic property of fabricated NiFe stripes was also measured with SQUID, and confirmed that saturation magnetization hadn’t been deteriorated through RIE process.

Published
2005

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