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Several flavonoids have been recognized as nutraceuticals, and myricetin is a good example. Myricetin is commonly found in plants and their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities is well demonstrated. One of its beneficial biological effects is the neuroprotective activity, showing preclinical activities on Alzheimer, Parkinson, and Huntington diseases, and even in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Also, myricetin has revealed other biological activities, among them as antidiabetic, anticancer, immunomodulatory, cardiovascular, analgesic and antihypertensive. However, few clinical trials have been performed using myricetin as nutraceutical. Thus, this review provides new insights on myricetin preclinical pharmacological activities, and role in selected clinical trials. This work was partially supported by CONICYT PIA/APOYO CCTE AFB170007. N. Martins would like to thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Portugal) for the Strategic project ref. UID/BIM/04293/2013 and “NORTE2020 - Northern Regional Operational Program” (NORTE-01-0145- FEDER-000012).

In this study, complete comparative analysis of the component composition of plant of the genus Kochia prostrata were conducted for the first time. The data for quantitative determination of biologically active compounds and the study of amino, fatty and phenolic acids composition of plant of the genus Kochia prostrata family Chenopodiaceae were presented. 20 amino acids, 8 known fatty acids and 4 phenolic acids have been identified in the studied objects; their quantitative composition has been established. The major amino acids were glutamic acid (23.46%), aspartic acid (1.88%) and alanine (5.82%), while the major fatty acids were oleic (64.9%) and linoleic (22.0%), palmetic (5.3%) acids. Moreover, a sufficient amount of protocatechuic, vanillic, isovanillic and p-coumaric acids have been found.

Arid soils cover 34% of Kazakhstan. A multitude of halophytes grow on them. The chemistry of halophytes is of significant scientific and practical interest. Mainly salt-accumulating plants of the family Chenopodiaceae, which is represented in Kazakhstan by 47 genera and 218 species [1–3], exhibit halophilicity. These include plants of the genus Climacoptera, of which 14 species grow in Kazakhstan [4–7]. Herein we communicate results for the chemical composition of C. obtusifolia collected during flowering in Almaty Region. An analysis of the constituents detected flavonoids (1.4%), saponins (2.3%), amino acids (2.7%), phenolic acids (1.8%), carbohydrates (2.5%), and coumarins (0.1%). Biologically active compounds from this plant were studied by extracting ground raw material with EtOH (70%) in a raw material–extractant ratio of 1:6–8 for 3 d at room temperature. The aqueous EtOH extract was concentrated. The concentrate was worked up successively with CHCl 3 , EtOAc, and n-BuOH with subsequent condensing of each fraction. Column chromatography over silica gel of the CHCl 3 fraction isolated 1–4 upon elution by CHCl 3 –hexane (9:1 and 8:2). Biologically active compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH extract using absorption-distributive chromatography over a nanosorbent produced by carbonization of plant raw material (rice husks) at the Institute of Combustion Problems, Al-Farabi Kazakh Nat. Univ. [7]. The eluents were H 2 O and aqueous EtOH in various ratios. Thus, compound 5 was isolated pure from the n-BuOH fraction. The isolated compounds were identified based on physicochemical data and comparisons with the literature as stigmasterol (1), C 29 H 28 O, FAB-MS m/z 412 [7] and dehydrodiconiferylaldehyde (2), C 20 H 21 O 6 , EI-MS m/z [M] + 356, white amorphous compound, [] D 25 +20.0° (c 0.1, MeOH), mp 205°C (dec.), R f 0.5 (CHCl 3 –MeOH, 9.3:0.7).

The first time studied the compositions of the chloroform extracts of three types of the genus Climacoptera (C. obtusifoliа, C. brachiata, C. ferganica). Carried out comparative analysis of hexane extracts of three species of the genus Climacoptera. Established -, - carotene dominates in C. obtusifolia. C. brachiata contains only glycosides of sitosterol and stigmasterol. C. ferganica is rich in content - sitosterol, glycosides of sitosterol and -stigmasterol.