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A microparticle counter based on a metal mesh device was developed. The metal mesh device had a lattice-shaped structure with well-regulated holes of 1.8 μm. The collection percentages of differently sized microparticles using the metal mesh device were determined by flow cytometry. The cut-off point and hole size of the metal mesh device were identical. Polystyrene microparticles were detected from changes in the spectroscopic properties of the metal mesh device. When microparticles were trapped on the holes of the metal mesh device, the transmittance in the infrared spectra decreased. Microparticles smaller than the holes were not detected by the metal mesh device, whereas 2 and 3 μm microparticles were detected. Polystyrene and silica microparticles could be counted using the metal mesh device via calibration curves between the concentration of microparticles and the change level in the transmittance of the metal mesh device. The separation of microparticles from a mixture suspension using the metal mesh device was evaluated. Unlike a microfiber filter, only 2 μm microparticles were collected from coexisting 1 μm microparticles by the metal mesh device. Owing to its high separation ability, the metal mesh device selectively detected 2 μm microparticles in coexisting 10-equivalence 1 μm microparticles.

—The aquatic surface microlayer at the interface between the atmosphere and the hydrosphere occupies 70% of the Earth’s surface, covering all water bodies. The surface microlayer is about 50 μm thick. The special microbial community formed here is referred to as neuston. The total bacterial abundance in the surface microlayer (SML) and underlying waters (UW) of Lake Baikal was studied by epifluorescence microscopy. The physicochemical features of the surface microlayer of Lake Baikal have been established for the first time. SML was sampled throughout all of Lake Baikal in May–June of 2013–2016 and in August of 2013, 2015, and 2016. SML samples were taken from a boat with Garret’s metal mesh screen (26.5 cm in diameter) mostly in calm weather. The average values of total bacterial abundance in SML varied from year to year within the range of (0.93–1.49) × 106 cells/mL in May–June and (1.73–2.24) × 106 cells/mL in August; in the UW (at a depth of about 15–20 cm), these values were 0.79–0.89 × 106 cells/mL in May–June and 1.15–1.4 × 106 cells/mL in August. There was a significant difference and direct relationship between the total abundances of neuston and plankton bacteria of Lake Baikal in the summer period. The differences in chemical composition between the surface microlayer and the subsurface water layer were revealed in all the seasons under study. The surface microlayer was enriched in $${\text{PO}}_{4}^{{3 - }}$$, total organic carbon, and suspended particulate matter compared to the underlying water layers. There was a direct relationship between bacterial numbers in the surface microlayer and the concentration of suspended particulate matter.

The metallic wire mesh is widely used in electromagnetic shielding engineering due to its obvious advantages such as light weight, high flexibility and low cost. The power cable joint uses metal mesh to restore the metal shielding layer. This paper studies the shielding effectiveness (SE) of metal mesh used for cable joint. Compare and analyze the shielding effectiveness of joint copper mesh and the effect of different specifications and double-layer copper mesh on the shielding effectiveness in terms of theoretical calculation and simulation. The results show that the shielding effectiveness of copper mesh varies with frequency; comparing different specifications of copper mesh, the shielding effectiveness of dense mesh is higher than that of sparse mesh; the shielding effectiveness of double-layer wire mesh is higher than that of single-layer wire mesh with the same specification when the distance between two-layer wire mesh is reasonably selected. Finally, the structure optimization scheme is proposed to improve the shielding effectiveness of cable joint copper mesh.

In this study, renewable biofuels (ethanol and n-butanol) were utilized to synthesize carbon nanotubes on substrate of inexpensive metal mesh (copper alloy and nickel) using inverse diffusi...

When proteins are attached to microstructures such as a metal mesh device, changes in their optical properties occur. These changes have been characterized based on actual measurements in the infrared region of the spectrum. We have previously theoretically and experimentally demonstrated the optical changes associated with streptavidin. Here, we investigate three types of proteins: avidin, BSA, and lysozyme. The three proteins were adsorbed onto three types of metal mesh devices having different resonant frequencies, and the corresponding spectra were measured in the infrared region. The change in the frequency of the dip point in the spectrum was extracted to quantitatively determine the quantity of protein; these results were correlated with the quantitative measurements obtained by electrophoresis. By examining three types of different proteins, it was verified that a variety of proteins can be measured based on the optical characteristics of metal mesh devices.

Atmospheric pressure plasma jet has shown great potential for polymer film treatment, but the etching process of polymer surface by the plasma jet is still not developed. In this paper, the effect of a grounded metal mesh addition on the etching process of polymer surface through the plasma jet was investigated. Comparative study of polymer film treated by the plasma jet with and without a grounded stainless steel mesh (SSM) is systematically investigated by the analysis of etching rate, surface morphologies and chemical compositions. Compared with the plasma etching process with SSM, the etching results without the addition of SSM have much higher etching rate, rougher etched surface, and higher surface oxidation. Finally, the etching process occurring at the plasma/polymer interface was also discussed. Since the addition of SSM could filter out the charged particles in plasma jet, the role of charged particles in the etching process was discussed and the synergetic etching process was proposed based on the structural dependence and chemical analysis of the observed results.

Size control of giant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) has been challenged extensively for realizing quantitative assays within these biomimetic reactors. Although microfluidics-based monodisperse GUV generation methods have shown tremendous progress, they are often difficult and still not available for general users. Meanwhile, the conventional bulk methods, which are more flexible in compositions, only generate polydisperse GUVs with a linear dimension ranging more than two orders of magnitude. Here, we characterized the sizing protocol of GUVs using the metal mesh with a large opening area ratio (35%). Unlike the conventional track-etched membrane filters with a small opening area ratio (10%), the present method enabled fast filtration (10 min) to remove GUVs smaller than the mesh size without delicate flow control. We demonstrated that the combination of extrusion and filtration with selected filters produced GUV populations with fairly narrow size distributions (30% C.V. in diameter).

Biosensing of protein adsorption with metal mesh device (MMD) was investigated by computational calculations and experiments. Electromagnetic field computation was carried out with a single unit cell of MMD. Equivalent circuit model of MMD on the single unit cell was assumed, and the biosensing with MMD was analyzed in detail by computational calculation and experimental measurements. The dip frequency of MMD was shifted by adsorption of protein on MMD. The shift of dip frequency of MMD was proportional to the amount of protein adsorption. The sensitivity of MMD biosensing was dependent on the microstructure of MMD, and proportional to the square of the dip frequency. The refinement of MMD structure can improve the sensitivity of protein detection.

In this work core-shell type Ag-metal oxide particles were synthesized by coating of Ag metal on the surface of SiO2, ZnO and TiO2 particles utilizing alkylamine silver complex as Ag source. The re...

This chapter presents the LEIT fabrication for micro-EMTEs in detail. The LEIT fabrication approach replaces vacuum-based metal deposition with an electrodeposition and is potentially suitable for high-throughput, large-volume and low-cost production. This approach can be easily adapted to make flexible and even stretchable devices Jang et al. (IEEE transaction on Antenna and Propagation, 2015 [1]). Prototype copper micro-EMTEs are fabricated on flexible COC films with superior electrical conductivity and optical transmittance. FoM (σdc/σopt) values as high as 1.5 × 104 have been demonstrated on the sample copper micro-EMTEs. This fabrication process has been demonstrated to be able to scale for a larger EMTE area and a wide range of materials. Because of the electrode’s embedded nature, excellent mechanical, chemical, and environmental stability were observed

Indium thin oxide (ITO)-free planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs) were fabricated at a low temperature (150 &deg, C) in this work based on the transparent electrode of photolithography processed nickel/gold (Ni/Au) mesh and the high conductivity polymer, PH1000. Ultrathin Au was introduced to increase the conductivity of metal mesh, and the optimal hexagonal Ni (30 nm)/Au (10 nm) mesh (line width of 5 &mu, m) shows a transmittance close to 80% in the visible light region and a sheet resistance lower than 16.9 &Omega, /sq. The conductive polymer PH1000 not only smooths the raised surface of the metal mesh but also enhances the charge collection ability of metal mesh. The fabricated PSCs have the typical planar structure (glass/Ni-Au mesh/PH1000/PEDOT:PSS/MAyFA1&minus, yPbIxCl3&minus, x/PCBM/BCP/Ag) and the champion PSC (0.09 cm2) obtains a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 13.88%, negligible current hysteresis, steady current density and PCE outputs, and good process repeatability. Its photovoltaic performance and stability are comparable to the reference PSC based on the ITO electrodes (PCE = 15.70%), which demonstrates that the Ni/Au mesh transparent electrodes are a promising ITO alternative to fabricate efficient PSCs. The relatively lower performance of Ni/Au based PSC results from the relatively slower charge extraction and stronger charge recombination than the ITO based PSC. Further, we tried to fabricate the large area (1 cm2) device and achieve a PCE over 6% with negligible hysteresis and steady current density and PCE outputs. The improvements of perovskite film quality and interface modification should be an effective approach to further enhance the device performance of Ni/Au based PSCs, and the Ni/Au mesh electrode may find wider applications in PSCs and flexible devices.

We evaluated the filtration performance of microporous metal membranes fabricated by the rolling process. Metal wire meshes were rolled with thickness reduction ratios of 10, 20, and 30%. The pore size of the metal wire mesh membrane decreased with increasing rolling ratio, whereas the removal efficiency of the suspended solids and turbidity showed a very slight increase compared to that of an unrolled mesh membrane. The metal powder was dispersed on the surface of the rolled metal wire mesh membrane and bound with polyvinyl alcohol, then dried at 100°C for 1 h, and finally sintered at 1,000°C for 3 h. The mean pore size, suspended solids, and turbidity of the metal powder membrane at a rolling ratio of 30% were approximately 0.7 μm, 84% and 83%, respectively. Therefore, microporous metal membranes successfully fabricated by the rolling process were also sufficiently permeable filters.

The electrochemical part of the transfer function of an electrochemical transducer is studied. The transduction processes are simulated, the processing of the mechanical signal in time is shown, and the electrochemical part of the transfer function of the electrochemical transducer with mesh electrodes is calculated. We also measured directly the electrochemical part of the transfer function of an electrochemical transducer with mesh electrodes by direct control of the mechanical flow of electrolyte in the channel of the transducer. A good agreement of the calculations with the experiment was found. The method of a priori estimation of the electrochemical efficiency of a transducing element, irrespective of which hydromechanical oscillatory system it is built in, is extremely important for the development of microelectronic electrochemical devices.

Temperature of plasma generated by CO2 laser from soil sample prepared by the two different methods, namely metal mesh, and silicone grease methods, was examined. The plasma was produced by focusing the laser beam on the sample at 1 atmospheric pressure. The plasma characteristics namely temperature was estimated by the Boltzmann plot method. The detection was made in region of 300 nm-400 nm. In the case sample prepared using the metal mesh method, the estimated temperature was about 11605 K for the metal mesh no. 50 and 12440 K for mesh no. 40, respectively when helium was used as surrounding gas. When air was used as surrounding gas, plasma temperature was about 10315 K and 10990 K, respectively. In case the soil sample prepared by soil mixed with silicon grease (SMS) smeared on a surface of metal sub target, plasma temperature was about 8913 K and 9218 K for air and helium as a surrounding gas, respectively. It can be concluded that plasma temperature is not significantly different although the sample was prepared with different methods.

The present study evaluates the influence of hybridization on the interlaminar shear and abrasive wear properties of composites manufactured with polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coated glass fabrics. Homogeneous composites were manufactured using two dimensional plain woven (2D), three dimensional knitted (3D) and satin weave (SW) fabrics. Hybrid composites were manufactured with the same fabrics and a steel metal mesh (MM) stacked on the top and bottom of the laminates. The interfacial property was obtained through interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests. Abrasive wear tests were performed against a silicon carbide (SiC) paper of grit size 120 μm using a plate on plate apparatus. Loads ranging from 10 N to 50 N were applied at an interval of 10 N with a speed of 10 rad/s. Incorporation of MM influenced the physical properties like thickness, density and void content. Hybridization of homogeneous composites with MM improved the ILSS by 56%, 10% and 18% for 2D, 3D and SW composites, respectively. All the hybrid composites showed better wear performance in terms of coefficient of friction (COF) and specific wear rate (K0). SW and SW-MM composites exhibited better wear performance in all the wear properties as compared to the 2D, 2D-MM, 3D and 3D-MM composites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the bonding between fibre and matrix could be improved in the case of 2D and 2D-MM composites.

A metal mesh device has a structure in which through-holes of the same shape are periodically placed on a thin metal film, and the selection of such a structure makes it possible to sense objects of various sizes. In this study, we showed the structure of the metal mesh device and the relationship between the detectable optical domain and the size of the objects to be measured. In addition, from measurement of changes in electromagnetic wave transmission characteristics of the metal mesh device due to specific adsorption of particles with a mean diameter of 100 nm with surface modification with Streptavidin to a metal mesh device fixed with biotin, we showed that even large particles can be sensed. Based on these examinations, we showed that, by using a metal mesh device with detectable optical domain corresponding to the size of objects, even objects that are larger than protein can be sensed.

A biosensor for protein detection was developed using antibody-immobilized metal mesh devices. Antihemoglobin antibodies were covalently immobilized on a metal mesh device. Extraordinary transmission with a dipped structure was observed for a metal mesh device immobilized with antihemoglobin antibodies as well as for the original metal mesh device. Hemoglobin in the mixture solution containing albumin at a hundred-fold concentration was detectable using antihemoglobin-immobilized MMDs. The detectability using the antihemoglobin-immobilized metal mesh device was similar to that of a commercially-available kit for the qualitative determination of hemoglobin.

A straightforward method for extracting aculeate arthropod venoms by centrifugation is described, based on adapting a glass insert containing a piece of metal mesh or glass wool into a centrifuge tube. Venom apparatuses are centrifuged for 30 s intervals at ≈2000–6000 g, with samples being dislodged between cycles. Venom from fire ants, honeybees, and a social wasp were extracted within minutes. The method is suited for small-scale bioassays and allows for faithful descriptions of unmodified toxin cocktails.

An Al-N system optical absorption layer has been developed, to be used for Al-based metal mesh electrodes on touch screen panels. The triple-layered electrode effectively suppresses the optical reflection in both visible light and the blue color region and exhibits excellent wet etching property that accommodates micro-fabrication. Due to its high noise immunity and contact sensitivity originating from its low electrical resistivity, the proposed metal mesh electrodes are useful for touch-sensitive panels in the next generation ultra-high-resolution displays. key words: touch screen panel, metal mesh electrode, projected capacitive, invisible, etching property

Uniform metal nanomesh structures are promising candidates that may replace of indium-tin oxide (ITO) in transparent conducting electrodes (TCEs). However, the durability of the uniform metal mesh has not yet been studied. For this reason, a comparative analysis of the durability of TCEs based on pure Ag and AgNi nanomesh, which are fabricated by using simple transfer printing, is performed. The AgNi nanomesh shows high long-term stability to oxidation, heat, and chemicals compared with that of pure Ag nanomesh. This is because of nickel in the AgNi nanomesh. Furthermore, the AgNi nanomesh shows strong adhesion to a transparent substrate and good stability after repeated bending.

An experimental study with respect to the effect of an alternating electropulsing on grain refinement in pure aluminum was reported. The macrostructural observation with the mold preheated to different temperature and embedded the metal mesh indicated that the change of electric current-associated free energy related with the position of crystal nuclei (&Delta, Gem) and forced convection dominated the generation of fine equiaxed grains (FEG). Under electropulsing with 480 A, &Delta, Gem induced the dissociation of crystal nuclei from the upper interface of the electrode and the melt, leading to the generation of FEG. For a larger current intensity, FEG originated from the dissociation of crystal nuclei on the side wall besides the upper interface due to &Delta, Gem and the forced convection. Furthermore, the model coupling the dissociation of crystal nuclei and dendrite fragmentation due to the forced convection and the dissociation of crystal nuclei due to &Delta, Gem was presented to explain the formation mechanism of FEG in pure aluminum under electropulsing.

Loss of an organ such as a finger not only imposes a functional impairment, but also leads to unaesthetic appearance and a deep psychological stigma to the patient. Hence replacement of such missing finger with the help of an artificial finger prosthesis has been very successful. The success of the prosthesis depends on the precision in meticulous planning and designing of prosthesis, technique of fabrication and the materials used. This article describes fabrication of a finger prosthesis by a modified technique, by making a metal conformer with a wire mesh. This design offers maximum retention and excellent aesthetics, thereby imparting a lifelike appearance to the hand with missing finger.

In this article, a new structure of a passive, air-breathing, ambient temperature direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), targeted towards low power applications, is proposed. The structure consists of a metal mesh directly welded onto the Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM), which is then sprayed with the catalyst ink. The fuel cell operates successfully with a 2molL -1 methanol concentration and produces a power density of 1.52mWcm -2, which was reached at a current density of 9mAcm -2 at a voltage of 0.169V. This new structure demonstrates average performance with a simpler structure than conventional solutions, while showing potential in application to low-power application such as sensors.

In this paper, a construction application of a technique to improve the fire resistance of high strength concrete is presented. Before the construction application, fire tests of three hours duration were carried out in accordance with ISO-834. Three types of mitigating methods, namely, a specimen with no protection (control), with fireproof panel protection and with the combination of polypropylene fibre reinforcement and metal mesh confinement (Fibre/Mesh), were applied to full sized columns for comparison purposes. The fire resistance performance of all columns was tested under loads. After the fire tests, the severity of spalling of specimens was assessed, and the best performing technique, Fibre/Mesh, for spalling protection was selected for an application in practice. The process of the construction application is described in detail, including pumping, pouring and compacting of the concrete. The concrete quality was examined and the behaviour of the concrete was observed. Consequently, it was verified that this new spalling resistance technique is feasible in practice.

A novel technique for detection of particulate matter in air using metal mesh devices is proposed. A metal mesh device with square apertures was used as membrane filter and as band-pass filter. Fre...

Carbon dioxide absorption in sodium hydroxide solution was studied in a metal mesh microstructured reactor. The reactor comprised of a microstructured metal mesh placed between two acrylic plates. Channels were machined in the plates with 0.85 mm and 0.2 mm depth forming the areas where gas and liquid flowed, respectively. The reactor was 192 mm × 97 mm (length × width). Experimental data were obtained for 2 M NaOH and 20 vol % CO2 inlet concentrations, for various liquid and gas flow rates, while keeping the molar flow rate ratio CO2/NaOH at 0.6. Results showed that in less than 1.2 s gas residence time approximately 30% of the carbon dioxide was removed. A two-dimensional model of the reactor where the solid area of the mesh was neglected and its percentage open area was used to modify the effective length of the reactor (segregated model) was formulated. This model's predictions gave better agreement with the experimental results compared to a pseudohomogeneous model where the diffusivities in the mesh were approximated with effective diffusivities based on mesh percentage open area. The model indicated that carbon dioxide was consumed within a short distance from the gas-liquid interface and the main mass transfer resistance was located in the mesh. Increasing the open area of the mesh increases CO2 removal as observed both theoretically and experimentally.

Metal copper mesh with superhydrophobic and superoleophilic surface had been successfully fabricated via a facile solution-immersion process. The hierarchical structure was prepared on the commercial copper mesh surface by etching with the nitric acid. After being modified by 1-hexadecanethiol (HDT), the as-prepared mesh indicated both superhydrophobic and superoleophilic property simultaneously. This as-prepared metal mesh could then be applied for oil and water mixture separation. The unusual wettability of the as-prepared mesh was stable in corrosive conditions, such as acidic, basic, and salt solutions. The solution-immersion method was simple, time-saving, and inexpensive and therefore exhibited great potential application.

Expanded metal mesh and polymer foams of appropriate pore or cell size and sufficient surface area per unit volume can suppress deflagrations of gas/vapor–air mixtures. This paper reviews the requirements that have been established for use of these materials in military aircraft fuel tanks. Extensions and generalizations of these requirements for other applications have been developed and incorporated into the 2008 edition of the NFPA 69 Standard for Explosion Prevention. The new NFPA 69 requirements for testing, evaluating, and installing these materials are summarized here along with an explanation of the basis and rationale for these requirements.

Biological decolorization of textile dyestuff Basic Blue 22 (C.I. 61512), a phthalocyanine type reactive dyestuff, by the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida ATCC90872 was studied in a rotating biological contactor (RBC). The effects of different operating parameters including disc type, rotational speed, glucose and dyestuff concentration on the decolorization performance of white-rot fungi were investigated. The system was operated in repeated-batch mode with 48 h hydraulic retention time. Three different disc types; plastic, metal mesh covered plastic discs and metal mesh discs were used and the plastic disc was found to be most suitable. The highest decolorization efficiency was obtained with a rotational speed of 40 rpm. Minimum glucose concentration for 78% decolorization efficiency was 5 g/l. TOC removal efficiency was around 80% for 50–200 mg/l initial dyestuff concentrations and decreased to 52% for 400 mg dyestuff/l.

Biologic decolorization of textile dyestuff Everzol Turquoise Blue G. a phthalocyanine type reactive dyestuff. by white-rot fungi Coriolus versicolor MUCL was studied in a rotating biological contactor (RBC). The effects of different operating parameters such as, disc type, rotational speed (10-40 rpm). glucose (5-10 g/L) and dyestuff concentration (50-500 mg/liter) on the decolorization performance of white rot fungi were investigated. The system was operated in repeated- batch mode with 48 h hydraulic retention time. The environmental conditions were adjusted to T = 28degreesC and pH = 4.5-5.0. TOC, glucose and dyestuff concentrations were determined throughout the experiments. Three different disc types; plastic, metal mesh covered plastic discs and metal mesh discs were used and the plastic disc was found to be the most suitable one. The highest decolorization efficiency (80%) was obtained with a rotational speed of 30 rpm. Minimum glucose concentration for 77% decolorization efficiency was 5 g/L. Decolorization efficiency was around 80% for 50-200 mg/liter initial dyestuff concentrations and decreased to 33% for 500 mg dyestuff/liter. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.

The use of electrostatic force mechanisms can make a substantial contribution to control the pollution from air solids arising naturally, or from human development. In the present investigation we discuss the efficiency of a technique to precipitate the atmospheric aerosol of a size5 µm, by energizing metal mesh (Por=0.7) collectors (+, N, and -) using low D.C. voltage (0-30 V or -1.224×10(2) Vm(-1)).

We report on the fabrication and optical properties of thin metal films periodically patterned with square hole arrays of 2 micron pitch, which behave as substrateless plasmonic devices at mid-infrared frequencies. Large (3×3 mm2) meshes were fabricated by metallizing a patterned silicon nitride membrane. The mid-infrared spectra display resonant absorption lines with a Q-factor up to 22 in both transmission and reflection, due to the interaction of the radiation with surface plasmon modes on both faces of the film, allowed by substrate removal. The devices can be used to fabricate surface plasmon-based chemical sensors employing mid-infrared radiation.

In this paper, the flexural properties of glass fiber reinforced polymer composites with metal mesh layers were investigated. Two thermoplastic polymers, polyetherimide (PEI) and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) were used as the matrix. Stainless steel was chosen as the mesh material due to its excellent strength and stiffness properties. The position of the metal mesh within the laminate stack was varied and the effect on the flexural properties and damage mechanisms was compared to that of the plain laminate. Placement of the mesh in the middle of the laminate led to the greatest improvement in flexural properties for the PEI laminates with an increase in specific flexural stress and strain of over 11% in both cases. However, the same case was not found for the PPS laminates and this was attributed to the poor adhesion between the PPS and the metal mesh.

The objective was to develop a simpler, more reliable vitrification method for porcine embryos. Prepubertal donor gilts were induced to ovulate with eCG and hCG, and then inseminated artificially. Morulae and expanding blastocysts approximately 200 microm in diameter were collected 6 or 7d after hCG treatment. Embryos collected from donor gilts were maintained, so as to be individually recognizable, and handled in batches of four or five. The embryos together with a minimum volume (

This article the describes procedure of embedding fiberoptic sensors in laminar thermoplastic composite material, as well as damage investigation after low energy impact, in real time. Experimental testing was carried out in order to observe and analyze the response of material under various load conditions. Different type of Kevlar® reinforced composite materials, and combination of Kevlar® and metal mesh (thermoplastic or thermoreactive matrix) were made.

A new metal mesh coupler that makes use of a tunneling effect of evanescent waves between a metal mesh and a dielectric plate, has been proposed as a quasi-optical component for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. Theoretical calculation and experimental measurement performed from 40 GHz to 60 GHz show that the transmittance of the coupler can be changed more than 50% for the variation of a spacing less than 0.18 mm between a capacitive mesh and a silicon plate at around 57 GHz. >

Metal mesh smear sampling is being developed and evaluated for use in a number of glow discharge and other optical and mass spectrometric techniques. Sensitive elemental and isotopic analyses thus will be coupled with a convenient sampling scheme similar to one that is common for radiological surveys.

A metal mesh coupler, which makes use of the evanescent-wave coupling between a metal mesh and a dielectric plate, has been developed as a quasi-optical component for millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths. The transmission properties of this type of coupler are investigated experimentally and theoretically at the millimeter-wave frequencies. The transmittance of the evanescent-wave coupler with a capacitive metal mesh can be adjusted by more than 70 percent by altering the spacing between the capacitive mesh and the silicon plate by less than λ/140 at 56 GHz. The experimental and theoretical results show that large and rapid variations of transmittance in the coupler arise from changes in the effective refractive index of the silicon plate due to the evanescent-wave coupling effect. An equivalent circuit for the evanescent-wave couplers is developed for use in the design of coupler configuration. © 1998 Scripta Technica. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 80(10): 49–57, 1997