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Copaifera spp. (copaiba) oleoresin is traditionally used as a medicinal compound since the 16th century, which is primarily indicated for its anti-inflammatory properties being widely sold in free fairs and medicinal herbal houses in Brazil. However, copaiba oleoresin toxicity information is still limited. In this study, we aimed to investigate the acute (in mice and rats) and 28 day—repeated doses (in rats) oral toxicity of commercial copaiba oleoresin. In the acute toxicity test, copaiba oleoresin oral administration at 2000 mg/kg dose did not induce mice or rat lethality. In the subacute toxicity tests, we administered copaiba oleoresin at daily doses of 25, 50, or 100 mg/kg for 28 days. We observed no toxicological effects in body weight gain, feed and water intake, gross necropsy, relative organ weight, histopathology, hematology, or biochemistry parameters. At the three copaiba oleoresin tested doses, we observed an alkaline phosphatase reduction, which might indicate hepatic protection. In conclusion, the commercial copaiba oleoresin has a low risk of toxicity and did not induce treatment-related adverse effects after short-term daily exposures to a dose two thousand times higher than folk use, showing safety doses for further pharmacological investigations.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T20:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-01-01 Considering that water deficit is one of the main environmental factors responsible for low soybean yield and that nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to be a fundamental part of plant defense signaling during stress, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of seed priming with nitric oxide on the induction of water deficit tolerance during the initial development of soybean. Thus, seeds were treated with 0 (water only), 50, 100 or 250 μmol.L-1 sodium nitroprusside for 6 hours. Additionally, untreated seeds were used. After drying, the seeds were placed in containers filled with a commercial substrate mixture and vermiculite and irrigated to 100% and 50% field capacity. Biometric and biochemical evaluations (pigment and proline contents) were performed after 14 days. It was concluded that pretreatment of soybean seeds with 50 to 250 μmol.L-1 SNP attenuated the effects of water deficit on stem growth, leaf area, and shoot dry matter and induced carotenoid biosynthesis. The accumulation of proline in the leaves was pronounced in the treatments with 100 and 250 μmol.L-1 SNP, while 100 μmol.L-1 SNP induced proline accumulation in the roots. São Paulo State University São Paulo State University

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), dyslipidemias are determinant for the onset of cardiovascular diseases and represent more than 30% of global deaths. Changes in serum lipid levels are a direct consequence of dyslipidemia. This study aimed to verify the relationship between genetic polymorphism APOA5 and dyslipidemia. This is a case-control study with 199 officers of the military force of the state of Goiás in which the relationship between lipid profile and genetic polymorphism rs964184 was evaluated. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (real-time PCR) was used to identify genetic polymorphism rs964184. Of the participants analyzed, 93% were male and 7% female, the lipid profile showed that 115 participants had dyslipidemia (group of cases) and 84 were within the reference range (control group). The genetic polymorphism rs964184 of the case group showed that 64.3% (74/115) of the participants had genotype CC, 33.0% (38/115) had cg genotype and 2.6% (3/115) had GG genotype. In the control group, 69.0% (58/84) had genotype CC, 27.4% (23/84) had cg genotype, 3.6% (3/84) had GG genotype. In conclusion, the G alllea is related to high levels of triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dL) and the C allea is related to normal HDL cholesterol levels (≥ 40 mg/dL). Therefore, homozygous (GG) or heterozygous (CG) individuals are more inclined to have high triglycerides and low HDL cholesterol levels, which are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Según la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las dislipidemias son determinantes para la aparición de enfermedades cardiovasculares y representan más del 30% de las muertes mundiales. Los cambios en los niveles séricos de lípidos son una consecuencia directa de la dislipidemia. Este estudio tenía como objetivo verificar la relación entre el polimorfismo genético APOA5 y la dislipidemia. Se trata de un estudio de control de casos con 199 oficiales de la fuerza militar del estado de Goiás en el que se evaluó la relación entre el perfil lipídico y el polimorfismo genético rs964184. Se utilizó reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real (PCR en tiempo real) para identificar el polimorfismo genético rs964184. De los participantes analizados, el 93% eran hombres y el 7% mujeres, el perfil lipídico mostró que 115 participantes tenían dislipidemia (grupo de casos) y 84 estaban dentro del rango de referencia (grupo de control). El polimorfismo genético rs964184 del grupo de casos mostró que el 64,3% (74/115) de los participantes tenía genotipo CC, el 33,0% (38/115) tenía genotipo cg y el 2,6% (3/115) tenía genotipo GG. En el grupo de control, el 69,0% (58/84) tenía genotipo CC, el 27,4% (23/84) tenía genotipo cg, el 3,6% (3/84) tenía genotipo GG. En conclusión, el G alllea está relacionado con altos niveles de triglicéridos (≥ 150 mg/dL) y el C allea está relacionado con los niveles normales de colesterol HDL (≥ 40 mg/dL). Por lo tanto, los individuos homocigóticos (GG) o heterocigótigos (CG) están más inclinados a tener triglicéridos altos y bajos niveles de colesterol HDL, que se asocian con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular. Segundo a Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), as dislipidemias são determinantes para o aparecimento de doenças cardiovasculares e representam mais de 30% das mortes globais. Alterações nos níveis lipídeos de soro são uma consequência direta da dislipidemia. Este estudo teve como objetivo verificar a relação entre polimorfismo genético APOA5 e dislipidemia. Trata-se de um estudo de caso-controle com 199 oficiais da força militar do estado de Goiás em que foi avaliada a relação entre o perfil lipídica e o polimorfismo genético rs964184. A Reação em Cadeia de Polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) foi usada para identificar o polimorfismo genético rs964184. Dos participantes analisados, 93% eram do sexo masculino e 7% do feminino, o perfil lipídico mostrou que 115 participantes apresentaram dislipidemia (grupo de casos) e 84 estavam dentro da faixa de referência (grupo controle). O polimorfismo genético rs964184 do grupo de casos mostrou que 64,3% (74/115) dos participantes apresentavam genótipo CC, 33,0% (38/115) tinham genótipo cg e 2,6% (3/115) tinham genótipo GG. No grupo controle, 69,0% (58/84) apresentava genótipo CC, 27,4% (23/84) tinham genótipo cg, 3,6% (3/84) tinham genótipo GG. Em conclusão, o alelo G está relacionado a altos níveis de triglicérides (≥ 150 mg/dL) e o alelo C está relacionado a níveis normais de colesterol HDL (≥ 40 mg/dL). Portanto, indivíduos homozigotos (GG) ou heterozigotos (CG) estão mais inclinados a ter altos triglicerídeos e baixos níveis de colesterol HDL, que estão associados a um risco aumentado de desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares.

Hemodialysis (HD) patients are vulnerable to malnutrition and cardiovascular complications due to many factors, including oxidative stress and inflammation. Curcumin supplementation is associated with attenuation of proinflammatory cytokines and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, but its effects in HD patients are unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of curcumin supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation in HD patients.This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial enrolled 43 HD patients and divided them into two groups: supplemented with curcumin (1 g/day) or placebo (corn starch) for 12 weeks. Demographic information and blood samples were taken at the start and the end of the study to determine serum malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, antioxidant enzyme activity, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP).The curcumin group showed a significant increase in catalase activity [Δ = 1.13 ± 2.87 versus Δ = -1.08 ± 2.68; p = 0.048] and preserved glutathione peroxidase activity [Δ = -4.23 ± 11.50 versus Δ = -14.44 ± 13.96; p 0.01] compared with the placebo group. However, no significant changes were found in MDA concentrations, glutathione reductase activity, and hs-CRP concentrations after the intervention.Curcumin supplementation for 12 weeks had potential effects on antioxidant response, but it was not enough to reduce oxidative stress markers and inflammation in HD patients. This trial was registered at EnsaiosClínicos.gov.br under registration number RBR-2t5zpd.

Intestinal mucositis, characterized by inflammatory and/or ulcerative processes in the gastrointestinal tract, occurs due to cellular and tissue damage following treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Rutin (RUT), a natural flavonoid extracted from Dimorphandra gardneriana, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytoprotective, and gastroprotective properties. However, the effect of RUT on inflammatory processes in the intestine, especially on mucositis promoted by antineoplastic agents, has not yet been reported. In this study, we investigated the role of RUT on 5-FU-induced experimental intestinal mucositis. Swiss mice were randomly divided into seven groups: Saline, 5-FU, RUT-50, RUT-100, RUT-200, Celecoxib (CLX), and CLX + RUT-200 groups. The mice were weighed daily. After treatment, the animals were euthanized and segments of the small intestine were collected to evaluate histopathological alterations (morphometric analysis), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and glutathione (GSH) concentrations, mast and goblet cell counts, and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) activity, as well as to perform immunohistochemical analyses. RUT treatment (200 mg/kg) prevented 5-FU-induced histopathological changes and reduced oxidative stress by decreasing MDA concentrations and increasing GSH concentrations. RUT attenuated the inflammatory response by decreasing MPO activity, intestinal mastocytosis, and COX-2 expression. These results suggest that the COX-2 pathway is one of the underlying protective mechanisms of RUT against 5-FU-induced intestinal mucositis.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:56:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-04-02 Due to the lack of drugs regulated for aquaculture, we have evaluated the use of albendazole (ABZ)–a potential drug to be regulated for fish–under food safety perspectives assessing the depletion profile of ABZ and its main metabolites (albendazole sulphoxide–ABZSO, albendazole sulphone–ABZSO2 and albendazole amino sulphone–ABZ-2-NH2SO2) in fish fillets (muscle and skin) after single dose oral administration of 10 mg ABZ kg-1 body weight. For the drug administration, a suitable procedure for ABZ incorporation into fish feed was employed, obtaining good homogeneity of ABZ concentration among feed pellets (CV

Morbidity and mortality due to postoperative complications, related to inflammation and systemic oxidative stress, of coronary artery bypass grafting is high and inadmissible. It is suggested that numerous adverse outcomes may be caused by the systemic effect of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). One of the most damaging consequences of these events is the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and radicals, which originate from a variety of cellular and enzymatic sources, such as myocardial cells, activated neutrophils, or endothelial xanthine oxidase. Many studies have described the nature of these ROS and the time of their formation during CPB. With the goal of reducing these damages, studies have investigated the use of antioxidant supplements during CPB. The present study focused on the time course of the innate antioxidant activity (antioxidant enzymes and overall antioxidant capacity in plasma) in patients undergoing CABG. The methodology used was the literature review.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:38:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-11-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Stomatal aperture generally increases in response to low vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and decreases at high VPD. Aluminum (Al) inhibits root growth, indirectly exposing the roots to low water availability, which may decrease leaf hydration and, consequently, the stomatal conductance (gs). In this study, Citrus limonia (‘Rangpur’ lime) was grown in nutrient solution with 1480 μM Al for 90 days, and we expected that the presence of Al could prevent gs from responding to VPD. As expected, gs did not respond to the increase in VPD in plants exposed to Al. Aluminum also reduced the relative water content and midday leaf water potential (Ψmd) after 60 and 90 days. The CO2 assimilation rate (A) followed the same response pattern exhibited by gs, the estimation of the carboxylation efficiency was not reduced in plants exposed to Al and measured under drier air, while photochemical responses were slightly reduced in plants exposed to Al, indicating that the Al-induced decrease in A was dependent on gs and less ascribed to low photochemical performance. Like in drought conditions, the long-term exposure to Al reduces leaf hydration and compromises gs responses to the atmosphere, eventually impairing A in ‘Rangpur’ lime plants. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24-A, 1515 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24-A, 1515 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24-A, 1515 Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Av. 24-A, 1515 CNPq: 309149/2017-7

Supplementary l-lysine sources include l-lysine HCl and l-lysine sulfate. l-Lysine sulfate contains at least 50% l-Lys and other components as residues from the fermentation process, other amino acids, and other organic and inorganic substances, being an alternative to l-Lys HCl. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relative bioavailability (RBV) of l-Lys sulfate in comparison with l-Lys HCl and its effects on performance, blood parameters, intestinal functionality, and the apparent total tract digestibility in nursery piglets. A total of 168 female piglets (DB90 × PIC337), weaned at 22 d (BW = 6.29 ± 0.41 kg), were distributed in seven dietary treatments and eight replicates, with three pigs per pen. The experimental period of 42 d was divided into two phases (phase 1, days 0-21; phase 2, days 21 to 42). The basal diet (CON) was lysine-deficient formulated to meet 73% of standardized ileal digestible Lys requirements. For the other diets, the CON was supplemented with three levels (80%, 90%, and 100% of standardized ileal digestible Lys requirements) of l-Lys sulfate (70% l-Lys) or l-Lys HCl (79% l-Lys). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the performance and concentrations of plasma urea and creatinine between the l-Lys sources. The RBV of l-Lys sulfate relative to l-Lys HCl was 106%, 119%, and 117% for effects on ADG, G:F, and plasma urea, respectively. Lys deficiency resulted in a greater (P < 0.05) incidence of diarrhea, while pigs supplemented with Lys sulfate or Lys HCl showed greater (P < 0.05) villus height in the jejunum when compared to those receiving the CON. Diets supplemented with l-Lys sulfate had greater (P < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, and crude protein. In conclusion, the RBV of l-Lys sulfate for effects on ADG, G:F, and plasma urea is equivalent to that of l-Lys HCl for nursery piglets.

A meta-analysis was carried out to evaluate the effect of heat on the performance of lactating sows and their litters. The database containing information on the effects heat stress has on the productive and reproductive performance of lactating sows was composed by 20 articles published in international journals from 2000 to 2016, totalizing 2222 lactating sows. The duration of lactation was corrected to 21d. In the studies analyzed, the most representative variables were piglet weight at 21 days (kg) and litter weight at 21 days (kg). Daily ambient temperature (T°C) ranged from 15.0° to 32.0 °C. Rectal temperature and respiratory rate were higher in lactating sows maintained in hot conditions compared to those maintained in the thermal comfort range. The nutrient intake by the lactating sows was inversely proportional to the ambient temperature. The piglets weaned of lactating sows were kept in thermal comfort 90.84 heavier percentage point after 21 days of the piglets of lactating sows kept in heat stress environment. Piglet weight gain exhibited a high and negative correlation with ambient temperature. At 1 °C above the thermal comfort range (from 15° to 25°C) leads to a decrease in food intake (kg/d) and milk yield (kg/d), which represents a high and negative correlation with at room temperature, that is, as the ambient temperature increases, there is less consumption of nutrients, resulting in reduced milk production (less mobilization of nutrients to the mammary gland). Increased respiratory rate is an efficient parameter for evaluating the intensity of heat stress in lactating sows.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-30T05:43:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-02-01 Chemical ripeners are being used to anticipate the ripening process of sugarcane. These products act in specific enzyme or protein systems of plants, altering their functionality. However, these products can seriously affect the development of non-target species. In light of the proximity of permanent preservation areas to sugarcane plantations, we aimed at understanding the effect of simulated drift of chemical ripeners on 18-month age seedlings of Citharexylum myrianthum, a Brazilian native tree species. The experiment was conducted under semi-controlled conditions using a randomized block design with six replications. Treatments consisted of a 6x2 factorial arrangement, corresponding to six concentrations of glyphosate and sulfometuron-methyl, equivalent to 0, 5, 15, 30, 45, and 60% of commercial dose recommended for sugarcane. Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll a fluorescence, and gas exchange were measured at 7, 30, and 60 days after application (DAA),. The leaf area and dry mass of plants were also measured at the end of the experimental period (60 DAA),. Both ripeners caused visual symptoms of phytointoxication in C. myrianthum, which were accompanied by alterations in gas exchange until 30 DAA. At 60 DAA, all plants treated with glyphosate recovered their photosynthetic capacity, without detrimental effect on their initial development, while those treated with 60% of sulfometuron-methyl showed limited growth in height coupled to super sprout due to the death of apical meristem. Despite no significant difference in total dry mass, the development of these plants was affected. Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Avenida 24 A, 1 515, Bela Vista Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n Bairro Rural Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Departamento de Fitossanidade, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n Bairro Rural Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Avenida 24 A, 1 515, Bela Vista Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n Bairro Rural Universidade Estadual Paulista 'Júlio de Mesquita Filho' Departamento de Fitossanidade, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n Bairro Rural

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:51:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T14:32:15Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0006-87052018000100013.pdf: 1289889 bytes, checksum: 8cc29053b58bd5468d8c3db43ea4a50a (MD5) It is well known that phytochromes mediate a wide range of photomorphogenic processes in plants. In addition, many studies have demonstrated the involvement of phytochromes as part of abiotic stress signaling responses. However, little is known about cadmium (Cd) stress regulation by phytochromes. Thus, in this study, we used the phyA (far red-insensitive; fri), phyB1 (temporary red-insensitive; tri) and phyB2 (phyB2) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutants to investigate the roles of these three phytochromes on Cd stress responses. The plants were grown over a 21-d period in the presence of Cd. We evaluated plant growth, Cd and chlorophyll content and anatomical changes in the leaves. The results indicated that all genotypes were affected by Cd and showed reduced growth of the shoots and roots, as well as reduced chlorophyll content. The accumulation of Cd was similar for all genotypes, and a higher Cd content was found in roots. Anatomical analysis of the vascular bundles revealed that fri and tri seem to be more disrupted by Cd. Overall, these results indicate that phytochromes do not determine Cd stress tolerance in tomato plants. Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Biol Aplicada Agr, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Prod Vegetal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Biol Aplicada Agr, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Agr & Vet, Dept Prod Vegetal, Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil

Due to its chemical composition and use in folk medicine, the dry standardized extract of Apeiba tibourbou Aubl. (Tiliaceae) leaves (DSEAT) was tested to assess its hepatoprotective activity against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatotoxicity in mice. The animals were treated with DSEAT previously for 7 days, at doses of 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg and 18 mg/kg of rosmarinic acid; the liver damage was induced by administering CCl4 intraperitoneally (i.p.) at days 3 and 7, and 1 h before treating with DSEAT. The hepatoprotective activity was assessed using various biochemical assays such as alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT), malondialdehyde (MDA) and histopatological studies. DSEAT doses of 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg were not capable of protecting the liver against CCl4. However, the dose of 50 mg/kg reduced AST by 31.50% the dose of 25 mg/kg reduced GGT by 57.18% compared to the CCl4 (p < 0.05). In the liver, DSEAT dose of 50 mg/kg and rosmarinic acid reduced MDA by 27.45% and 63.61%, respectively, whereas in plasma, MDA was reduced in all the groups treated with DSEAT and rosmarinic acid. In conclusion, DSEAT exhibits hepatoprotective effect only at low doses and antioxidant activity in vivo after peroral administration. The experimental protocol was approved by the Animal Research Ethics Committee of UFG (CEUA, no. 177/2011).

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:11:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-05-01 Aluminum (Al)-induced decrease in leaf hydration has been associated with low gas exchange, especially stomatal conductance (gs). However, the mechanisms explaining these responses are unclear. Citrus limonia was exposed to 0 and 1480 μM Al in nutrient solution for 90 days to test whether the low gs and leaf hydration in plants exposed to Al is associated with increased 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) gene expression and abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Relative leaf water content (RWC), water potential (Ψw) and gas exchange in the leaves, as well as leaf and root ClNCED3, ClNCED1 and ClNCED5 expression and accumulation of ABA and its metabolites (phaseic acid, dihydrophaseic acid, (+)-7′-hydroxy-ABA and ABA-β-D-glucosyl ester) were measured. Aluminum up-regulated ClNCED3 and induced ABA accumulation in the roots before impairments in leaf water status (low Ψw, RWC and gs) could be observed. Leaf ABA concentration increased from 7 to 90 days and this could be partially explained by the up-regulation of ClNCED3, ClNCED1 and ClNCED5 in this organ. Stomatal closure occurred concomitantly with the increase of ABA concentration, and this result provides further evidence of the role of ABA modulation of plant hydration under Al stress. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515 Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiróz” Universidade de São Paulo ESALQ-USP, Av. Pádua Dias, 11 Cranfield Soil and Agrifood Institute Cranfield University, College Rd Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biocências Universidade de São Paulo USP, Rua do Matão, 14 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética Instituto de Biologia Universidade Estadual de Campinas Avenida Cândido Rondon Cidade Universitária Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515 Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515

In Brazil, about 80% of the 60 million hectares of pasture are in some state of degradation. Among the causes of this degradation is the lack of investment in liming and fertilization at the time of planting. Phosphorus is especially critical because it stimulates root growth in the establishment phase of forage growth. The objective of the study was to evaluate different sources of phosphorus in the formation of Marandu and Xaraes forages. An experimental design of randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement, 2 x 4, with 5 repetitions was used. Treatments consisted of two cultivars of Urochloa brizantha: Marandu and Xaraes and three sources of phosphorus: triple superphosphate (41% P2O5), natural reactive phosphate (28% P2O5) and organic mineral (4- 14-8) plus the absence of phosphate fertilizer (control). Plant height, stem diameter, chlorophyll A and B content and fresh and dry matter mass were evaluated 60 days after germination. Leaf content was also examined for the following mineral nutrients: nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulfur (S), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn). The Marandu cultivar was superior to the Xaraes cultivar in terms of height. Among the sources of phosphorus examined, there were no significant differences among organic mineral, triple superphosphate and reactive phosphate, for any of the characteristics considered. All the sources, however, differed from the control. The maximum extraction of soil macronutrients by Urochloa brizantha was, in descending order: the macronutrients K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S and micronutrients Mn>Fe>Zn>Cu. These nutrients, thus, needed to be replaced as they were removed through grazing, to replenish the soil. The sources of phosphorus evaluated were not associated with differences in the leaf contents of Cu, Zn and S. The leaf content of the Xaraes cultivar had higher values of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Mn and Zn in relation to Marandu. Key words: Forage, degraded area, mineral nutrients, fertilization.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:19:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-11-01 Many studies ask how aluminum (Al) reduces the root growth, but as Al is mostly retained in the root system, physiological explanations for the also expected Al-induced decrease in stomatal conductance (gs) are unclear, mainly in well-watered conditions. We exposed tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum) to 0, 25, 50 and 100 μM Al in nutrient solution to investigate whether Al impairs root hydraulic conductance (Lpr), affecting leaf water potential (Ψleaf) and possibly inducing abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation in roots and/or leaves. We also measured ABA delivery rate, xylem sap pH and the root/leaf area ratio in order to explain the low gs in plants exposed to Al. Declines in Lpr and gs were proportional to the increase in Al concentration, and all Al treatments similarly decreased Ψleaf, indicating the plant's attempt to reduce water loss through transpiration while accumulating more ABA. Despite Al-induced increases in root ABA, the root-to-shoot delivery of ABA did not enhance, but Al caused root xylem sap alkalization. Despite the stability of root/leaf area ratio across a range of Al concentrations (0, 25 and 50 μM Al), the leaf hydration and stomatal opening was not conserved. Here we provide the first evidence that decreases in Lpr and increases in ABA might explain Al-induced stomatal closure. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University Lancaster University, Library Avenue, Lancaster Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Via de Acesso Professor Paulo Donato Castelane Castellane S/N - Vila Industrial Departamento de Biodiversidade Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, Av. 24-A, 1515

Made available in DSpace on 2015-08-26T19:22:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-08-31T13:03:57Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652015005040332.pdf: 687363 bytes, checksum: 7dffe228848f6596d26d83857a49793c (MD5) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) No presente trabalho nós investigamos como o pré-tratamento com auxina, citocinina, giberelina, ácido abscísico e etileno alteram as respostas fisiológicas de sementes de feijão guandu germinadas em água e sob estresse causado por excesso de cádmio. As sementes tratadas com água ou não-tratadas foram utilizadas como controle. Quando comparadas às sementes não tratadas, percebemos que os pré-tratamentos hormonais resultaram em um aumento na germinação do feijão guandu na condição de estresse. Entretanto, esses tratamentos não diferiram daqueles apenas com água. Nós também observamos uma tendência de tolerância aos efeitos do cádmio na presença de etileno, sugerindo que o uso desse hormônio possa ser um método eficiente para superar o efeito do estresse por cádmio durante a germinação de sementes. In this work we investigated whether priming with auxin, cytokinin, gibberellin, abscisic acid and ethylene, alters the physiological responses of seeds of pigeon pea germinated under water and cadmium stress. Seeds treated with water or non-treated seeds were used as control. Although compared to non-treated seeds we found that the hormone treatments improve the germination of pigeon pea under cadmium stress, however, these treatments did not differ from water. However, we also observed a trend of tolerance to the effects of cadmium in the presence of ethylene, suggesting that the use of this hormone may be an efficient method to overcome seed germination under metal stress. Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Michigan State University Department of Energy-Plant Research Laboratory Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária, Jaboticabal

Separately, it is well-documented that phytochromes (phys), gibberellin (GA) and abscisic acid (ABA) strongly control the seed germination in tomato. However, we hipothesized that phys inte- ract with GA or ABA during this response. Thus, we make an analysis of seed germination of ABA deficient (sit), GA constitutive response (pro), phytochrome deficient (au) mutants as well as, spe- cially, au sit and au pro double mutants of tomato incubated in the dark or light conditions during 120 h (12 h intervals (i)). Compared to au, which severely reduced percentage germination (Gi%) and pro, which did not alter Gi%, au pro showed in the light enhanced Gi% and germination speed index (GSI) besides the reduced average germination time (AGT). Moreover, in the dark, germina- tion of au pro was similar to pro. These results indicate that the mechanisms by which GA mod- ulate germination in tomato are light dependent through the phy signaling, whereas intermediary values of Gi%, GSI and AGT in dark and light of au sit compared to au and sit single mutants indi- cate an additive effect of the au and sit mutations, suggesting that ABA and phy may act through the parallel signaling pathway.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:03:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-03-01 The far red light insensitive (fri) mutant of tomato, which is phytochrome A (phyA) deficient, displays some characteristics that have recently indicated important functions of this photoreceptor in water relations. With respect to the relationship between nutrition and water relations, we investigated the growth and nutritional status of fri supplied with Hoagland's complete solution and solutions with the individual omission of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S). For this purpose, 20-day-old tomato plants of the WT (cv. Moneymaker) and fri mutant were transplanted into pots (one plant per pot) that contained Hoagland and Arnon (1950) solution diluted to 50 per cent in the first week and to 100 per cent from the second week of cultivation until the end of the experiment (50 DAT). Seven treatments were performed: a complete nutrient solution (KH2PO4, KNO3, Ca(NO3)2.5H2O, MgSO4.7H2O, KCl, CaCl2, H3BO3, MnCl2.4H2O, ZnCl2, CuCl2, H2MoO4H2O and Fe EDTA) and the individual omission N (KNO3, Ca(NO3)2.5H2O); P (KH2PO4); K (KH2PO4, KNO3); Ca (CaCl2); Mg and S (MgSO4.7H2O) from a balanced nutrient solution. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized factorial design with two genotypes and seven types of nutrient solutions with three replications. Upon harvest, the following measurements were performed: the height of the plants, measured from the base of the stem of each plant to the insertion of the first fully expanded leaf; the stem diameter; the total number of leaves per plant; an indirect chlorophyll measurement, which we called the green color index, and the leaf area. Statistical analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test. First, based on growth analyses, fri showed an enhanced dry weight of the shoot, root and whole plant in complete solution compared with the wild type (WT). In addition, the phyA mutant had a multifaceted response compared with that of the WT when the nutrients were omitted. For the fri mutant, the height and green color index were reduced without N and K; the leaf area without P, K and S; the dry weight of the root and shoot without N, P, K and S, and the root, shoot and total plant dry weight without P, K and S. On the other hand, the green color index of the fri mutant was enhanced without Ca and Mg. Together, these results show that in addition to revealing an altered response to nutrition in the fri mutant, phyA can play a role in light signaling in the nutrition and nutritional stress of tomato. Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Department of Soil and Fertilizer São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Department of Biology Applied to Agriculture São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Department of Soil and Fertilizer São Paulo State University, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:01:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-01-01 Phytochromes are red/far-red light photoreceptors that mediate a variety of photomorphogenic processes in plants, from germination to flowering. In addition, there is evidence that phytochromes are also part of the stress signalling response, especially in response to water deficit stress, which is the major abiotic factor limiting plant growth and crop productivity worldwide. In this study, we used the phyA (far red-insensitive; fri), phyB1 (temporary red-insensitive; tri) and phyB2 mutants of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to study the roles of these three phytochromes in drought stress responses. Compared to wild type (WT) plants grown under water-deficit stress conditions, the fri, tri, and phyB2 mutants did not exhibit altered dry weights, leaf areas, stomatal densities, or stomatal opening. The stomatal conductance of all three mutants was severely reduced under both fully-hydrated and water-deficit conditions. Although relative water contents did change after drought stress in each mutant, the most significant reduction in water potential during water stress was observed in the fri mutant. However, this mutant returned its water status to WT levels during rehydration. Although the phyB2 mutant lost more water from detached leaves during abscisic acid (ABA) treatment, phyB2 behaved like WT plants, indicating that this mutant was not insensitive to ABA. Overall, these results indicate that the phytochromes phyA, phyB1, and phyB2 modulate drought stress responses in tomato. Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n Departamento de Biologia Geral Universidade Federal de Goiás, Km 13 Departamento de Biologia Aplicada à Agropecuária Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n