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Rationale Ginger pulp is the dried rhizome scraped off the skin which originates from Zingiber officinale Rosc., a Zingiberaceae plant. Ginger peel is the dried rhizome skin of Zingiber officinale Rosc. (Zingiberaceae). The present work aims to investigate the different chemical constituents that are related to the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel. Methods A rapid ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC/ESI-QTOF/MS) method was developed for qualitative analysis of the constituents in different polarity extracted fractions of the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes. Results A total of 83 compounds were identified from the pulp and peel of ginger rhizomes, including 36 diarylheptanoids, 25 gingerols and 22 other compounds. Nine of these were new compounds. In total, 46, 27, 65 and 51 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol fractions of the ginger pulp, respectively, and 60, 30, 70 and 62 compounds were identified from the crude extract, petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, n-butanol fractions of the ginger peel, respectively. Each identified compound is marked on the corresponding chromatogram. Conclusions The integrated method is sensitive and reliable for searching the different chemical constituents from different polarity extracted fractions of the ginger pulp and ginger peel. This work may provide a significant contribution to research into the medicinal properties of the ginger pulp and ginger peel.

Extensive studies have revealed that triterpenoids, meroterpenoids, and polysaccharides are the main constituents of the well-known traditional Chinese medicinal mushroom Ganoderma. In this study, we report seven previously undescribed sesquiterpenoids, including six gymnomitranes (1–6) and a novel type of sesquiterpenoid (8), together with a polyketide (7) and a known steroid (9) from the fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lingzhi, a fungus used as traditional medicine and food supplement in East Asia for ages. The structures of 1–8 were deduced by analysis of spectroscopic data, X-ray single crystal diffractions and TDDFT/ECD calculations. Compound 8 possessed an unusual 14(7→6)-cuparane scaffold. Compound 9 exhibited weak cytotoxicity against the five human cancer cell lines HL-60, MCF-7, SW480, A549, and SMMC-7721 with IC50 values of 18.0–32.3 μM. A simple structure-activity-relationship (SAR) investigation by acetylating the 5-OH of 9 (9a) suggested that the 5-OH is essential for its cytotoxicity. Additionally, the biosynthetic pathways for compounds 2 and 8 are discussed.

The dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (Scrophulariaceae) are of both medicinal and nutritional importance. Our previous study has found that the 80% ethanol extract of R. glutinosa (RGEE) produced antidepressant-like activities in mouse behavioral despair depression models. However, its mechanisms are still unclear. The present study aimed to observe the antidepressant-like mechanisms of RGEE on a rat chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model by involving monoaminergic neurotransmitters and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). CUMS-stressed rats were orally given RGEE daily (150, 300, and 600 mg/kg) or fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH) for 3 weeks after starting the CUMS procedure. Sucrose preference test was carried out to observe depression-like behavior, and serum and brain tissues were used for neurochemical and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. Results demonstrated that CUMS induced depression-like behavior, whereas RGEE and FH administration inhibited this symptom. Furthermore, CUMS caused excessively elevated levels of serum corticosterone (CORT), an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, in a manner attenuated by RGEE and FH administration. RGEE administration also further elevated monoamine neurotransmitters and BDNF levels, up-regulated the mRNA expression of BDNF and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB) in hippocampus of rats suffering CUMS. Together, our findings suggest that RGEE can improve CUMS-evoked depression-like behavior, and indicate its mechanisms may partially be associated with restoring HPA axis dysfunctions, enhancing monoamineergic nervous systems, and up-regulating BDNF and TrkB expression.

Matsudipeptides A (1) and B (2), two previously undescribed diketopiperazines with peroxy groups, were isolated from the fruiting bodies of the basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake. These two compounds were featured by unusual scaffolds biogenetically related with cyclic dipeptide. Their structures were elucidated by analysis of spectroscopic data and calculated methods. Both the two compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines (HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7, and SW-480), and their inhibition on acetylcholinesterase.

Investigation into the chemical diversity of Artemisia argyi led to the discovery of two new (1, 4) and four known (2-3, 5-6) sesquiterpenoids. The new structures were determined via extensive spectroscopic data, including IR, UV, MS, and NMR, and the absolute configurations of these compounds were elucidated by calculated ECD method. All isolates were tested for their inhibitory activity against NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages, and the isolated sesquiterpenoids exhibited NO production inhibitory activity with IC50 values ranging from 1.91 to 36.52 μM.

A new ionone glycoside, frehmaglutoside I (1), and three new rhemaneolignans A–C (2–4) were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the roots of Rehmannia glutinosa. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic (UV, IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR) analyses. In addition, these compounds were evaluated for their protective effects on cardiocytes impaired by doxorubicin in H9c2 cells. Among them, compounds 1–3 exhibited protective effects against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.

Two new prenylated flavonoids, sinoflavonoids A–B, were isolated from the dried fruits of Sinopodophyllum emodi by silica gel column chromatography (SGCC) and high-speed counter-current chromatography (HSCCC). The 95% ethanol extract was partitioned with petroleum ether, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol in water, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction was pre-separated by SGCC with a petroleum ether–acetone gradient. The eluates containing target compounds were further separated by HSCCC with n-hexane–ethyl acetate–methanol–water (4:6:4:4, v/v). Finally, 17.3 mg of sinoflavonoid A and 25.9 mg of sinoflavonoid B were obtained from 100 mg of the pretreated concentrate. The purities of sinoflavonoid A and sinoflavonoid B were 98.47% and 99.38%, respectively, as determined by HPLC. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidences (HR-ESI-MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, HSQC, HMBC). The separation procedures proved to be efficient, especially for trace prenylated flavonoids.

Two new ionone glycosides, named frehmaglutoside G (1) and frehmaglutoside H (2), together with six known compounds, rehmapicroside (3), sec-hydroxyaeginetic acid (4), dihydroxy-β-ionone (5), trihydroxy-β-ionone (6), rehmaionoside A (7) and rehmaionoside C (8), were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of the dried roots of Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including HR-ESI-MS, UV, IR, 1D and 2D NMR ((1)H-(1)H COSY, HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) methods. The absolute configurations were confirmed via the circular dichroism spectra.

Three new ursane-type triterpenes, glutinosalactone A – C ( 1 – 3 ), were isolated from the 50% aqueous acetone extract of the leaves of Rehmannia glutinosa . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis (IR, NMR and MS spectroscopy). The cytotoxic effects of compounds 1 – 3 against three human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MG63 and HepG2) were also evaluated. Compound 3 showed cytotoxic activities with IC 50 values of 8.35–39.25 μM.

Aim of the study To evaluate the anti-diabetic effects of the total flavonoids of Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring (TFST), and to explore the pertinent mechanism. Materials and methods High fat diet and STZ (35 mg/kg) induced diabetic rats were administered with TFST at graded oral doses (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg/day, ig.) for 8 weeks. A range of parameters, including blood glucose and lipid, serum insulin and glucagon, glucose tolerance, were tested to evaluate its anti-diabetic effects. The determination of protein expression of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) in adipose tissue and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues was used to study the mechanism of TFST. Moreover, the preliminary study of TFST on the antioxidant activity was performed. Results The TFST possessed anti-diabetic activities as shown by the decreased serum levels of fast blood glucose (FBG), glycosylated hemoglobulin A1C (HbA1c), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), free fatty acid (FFA), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and glucagon, as well as increased serum levels of high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), insulin and C-peptide. TFST also improved the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) to a certain degree. Furthermore, TFST increased the protein expression of PPAR-γ in adipose tissue, and increased the protein expressions of IRS-1 in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues. These benefits were associated with increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) in serum. Conclusions TFST exert beneficial effects on hyperglycosemia and hyperlipoidemia in diabetic rats possibly through regulating the levers of PPAR-γ in adipose tissue and IRS-1 in hepatic and skeletal muscle tissues.

Two new C-glycosylflavones, named 5,7,3′,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-methoxy-8-C-β-D-gluco-pyranosyl flavonoside (1), 5,3′,4′-trihydroxy-6,7-dimethoxy-8-C-[β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 → 2)]-β-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (2), together with nine known compounds (3–11), were isolated from 50% acetone extract of Boea hygrometrica (Bunge.) R.Br. Their structures were established by spectroscopic techniques including MS, IR, UV, and 2D NMR.

Aim To investigate the chemical constituents of Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring. Methods Chromatographic separations on Diaion HP-20, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 were used. The structures of the isolates were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis, as well as chemical methods. Results Eight compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as sinensioside A ( 1 ), syringaresinol-4- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 2 ), (+)-medioresinol-4- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 3 ), pinoresinol-4, 4′-di- O-β -D-glucopyranoside ( 4 ), quercetin ( 5 ), eucomic acid ( 6 ), shikimic acid ( 7 ), and 2, 3-dihydroamentoflavone ( 8 ). Conclusion Compound 1 is a new dihydrobenzofuran sesquilignan glycoside from Selaginella sinensis .

Phytochemical investigation of the 50% ethanol eluate fraction of macroporous resin for the flower of Datura metel L. led to the isolation of a new compound named yangjinhualine A (1) and five known megastigmane sesquiterpenes through repeated silica gel and ODS column chromatography and semipreparative HPLC. The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 2D-NMR, ESI-MS, and HR-ESI-MS spectrometry as well as by comparison with published data. Five known megastigmane sesquiterpenes were also isolated from D. metel L. for the first time.

Three new sulphur glycosides, raphanuside B–D (1–3), together with a known sulphur glycoside, raphanuside (4) were isolated from the decoction of the seeds of Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb ex Prantl, and the compound 4 was reported for the first time from this plant. Their structures were identified by means of UV, IR, 1D, 2D NMR (HSQC, HMBC and NOESY) and HR–ESI–MS spectroscopic data.

Catalpol, a major compound in Rehmannia glutinosa with both medicinal and nutritional values, has been previously confirmed to shorten the duration of immobility in mice exposed to tail suspension and forced swimming tests. This study attempted to examine the anti-depressive mechanisms of catalpol in rats undergoing chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) by involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). CUMS-exposed rats were given catalpol daily (5, 10, and 20mg/kg, ig) or a reference drug, fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH, 10mg/kg, ig), at 5 weeks after starting the CUMS procedure. Sucrose preference test was performed to observe depression-like behavior, and serum and brain tissues were used for neurochemical and fluorescent quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. CUMS induced depression-like behavior, whereas catalpol and FH administration attenuated this symptom. Moreover, CUMS caused excessively elevated levels of serum corticosterone, an index of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivation, in a manner attenuated by catalpol and FH administration. Catalpol administration also further decreased BDNF activities, downregulated the mRNA expression of BDNF and tropomyosin-related kinase B (TrkB), and reversed the excessive elevation in the activities and mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of rats undergoing CUMS. Results indicate that catalpol can ameliorate CUMS-induced depression-like behavior, and suggest its mechanisms may partially be ascribed to restoring HPA axis dysfunctions, upregulating BDNF expression and its cognate receptor TrkB, and downregulating COX-2 expression, thereby reducing PGE2 levels in the brain.

Catalpol is a natural iridoid glycoside with diverse bioactivities that is found in abundance in Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch. (Scrophulariaceae). The present study assessed whether catalpol treatment (5, 10, or 20 mg/kg for 14 days by intragastric administration (i.g.)) has an antidepressant-like effect on mice performing the forced swim test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), open field test (OFT), and tests for reversal of reserpine-induced ptosis, akinesia, and hypothermia. This study also examined the potential role that catalpol plays in the cerebral monoaminergic system. Results indicated that catalpol administration produced an antidepressant-like effect in mice, as indicated by the reduced duration of immobility in the FST and TST, but it had no effect on locomotor activity in the OFT. Catalpol treatment significantly counteracted the decrease in rectal temperature, akinesia, and eyelid ptosis induced by reserpine. Moreover, catalpol increased levels of serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) in the brains of mice, but it did not affect levels of norepinephrine (NE) or dopamine (DA). These antidepressant-like effects of catalpol are essentially similar to the effects of the clinical antidepressant fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH). This is the first study to indicate that catalpol has an antidepressant-like effect and that its action may be mediated by the central serotonergic system, and not by noradrenergic or dopaminergic systems.

A new kaempferol glycoside, named kaempferol 3- O -[6″- O -β- d -glucopyranosyl-6‴- O -α- l -rhamnopy ranosyl-2⁗- O -α- l -rhamnopyranosyl]- β - d -glucopyranoside, was isolated from Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb.) Seringe. Its structure was established by spectroscopic techniques including MS, IR, UV, and 2D NMR.

A new lathyrane diterpene glycoside, named 3β, 7β, 15β-trihydroxy-14-oxolathyra-5E, 12E-dienyl-16- O -β- d -glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L. Its structure was established by spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.

Three new sesquiterpenes, namely schensianol A ( 1 ), schensianolside A ( 2 ) and schensianolside B ( 3 ) were isolated from the stems and leaves of Euonymus schensianus Maxim. Their structures were established by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.

A new phenylethanoid glycoside, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxy-β-phenylethoxy-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-2-O-acetyl-O-β- d -glucopyranoside, named lophanthoside A, was isolated from Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hara. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences.

A new aryl glycoside, 3″-O-galloyl-benzyl-O-α- l -rhamnopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β- d -glucopyranoside, was isolated from Euphorbia helioscopia L., and its structure was elucidated on the basis of various spectroscopic data analysis.

A new forsythenside, 4-hydroxy-4-[8-[[1-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetyl]-β- d -glucopyranosyl-6-]oxy]ethyl]-2,5-cyclohexadien-1-one, named forsythenside F, was isolasted from the plant of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl. The structure of the new compound was established on the basis of various spectroscopic analysis, including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR techniques (HMBC and HSQC), and HR-ESI-MS.

A new lignanoside, (7 R ,8 S )-7,8-dihydro-7-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1′-formyl-3′-methoxyl-8-hydroxymethylbenzofuran-4- O -β- d -glucopyranoside (moellenoside A), was isolated from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. Its structure was determined by spectroscopic evidences.

Two new megastigmane O-glucopyranosides, named (2R,3R,5R,6S,9R)-3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionol-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (1) and (2R,3R,5R,6S,9R)-3-hydroxyl-5,6-epoxy-acety-β-ionol-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (2) together with six known megastigmanes, were isolated from the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera (Linn.) Vent. Their structures were established by chemical methods and spectroscopic techniques including 2D NMR.

A new apiose-containing kaempferol trioside, kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnosyl-(1‴ → 6″)-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-7-O-β-D-apiofuranoside, along with 16 known compounds, were isolated from 50% acetone extract of Silphium perfoliatum L. Their structures were elucidated by acid hydrolysis and spectroscopic techniques including UV, IR, MS, ¹H, ¹³C, and 2D-NMR. In addition, the pharmacological activity of compound 1 was tested with HepG2 and Balb/c mice (splenic lymphocytes and thymic lymphocytes) in vitro, and it exhibited inhibitory effect on the proliferation of HepG2 cells and showed the immunosuppressive activity.

Objectives To investigate the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidaemic and antioxidant activity of total flavonoids in Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring (TFST) in a mouse model of diabetes. Methods Normal mice, mice fed with a high-fat emulsion diet and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice were treated with TFST for 6 weeks. Serum glucose, insulin and lipid, hepatic steatosis, production of the protein visfatin and antioxidant indices were evaluated. Key findings TFST significantly decreased the concentration of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, while it increased the levels of insulin and high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol in diabetic mice. TFST also improved the results of the oral glucose tolerance test to a certain degree. Furthermore, both the free fatty acid levels in the liver and hepatic steatosis were ameliorated by TFST treatment. These changes may be be associated with decreased production of visfatin. Administration of TFST also significantly decreased the levels of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and inducible nitric oxide synthase and increased the content of glutathione and the activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase in the liver. No change in blood glucose levels were observed in the normal mice treated with TFST. Conclusions TFST showed an excellent effect in reducing the high blood glucose level but had no effect on normal blood glucose level. The antidiabetic activity of TFST could be explained by its antioxidant and antihyperlipidaemic activity, which finally elevated the insulin sensitivity of liver.

A new acylated flavonol glycoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-d-(2-feruloylglucopyranosyl) (1 → 6)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)]-β-d-glucopyranoside, named tangutorumoside A (1), together with 12 known compounds, was isolated from 50% acetone extract of Cardamine tangutorum. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS experiments. In addition, compound 1 could promote the proliferation of splenic lymphocytes and thymic lymphocytes with ConA in vitro.

Three new flavonoid glycosides, named 7,8,4′-trihydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy-6-methylflavonol-8-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 5,7,4′-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methylflavonol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3,5,7,4′-tetrahydroxy-6-methylflavonol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), together with two known flavonoid glycosides were isolated from the needles of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. Their structures were established on the basis of various spectroscopic analyses.

Two new dihydrobenzofuran lignanosides, (7R,8S)-4,3',9'-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyl-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan-9-O-(6-O-syringoyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, named lophanthoside B (1) and (7R,8S)-4,9,9'-trihydroxyl-3-methoxyl-7,8-dihydrobenzofuran-1'-propylneolignan-3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), an enantiomer of umbroside, along with four known dihydrobenzofuran lignans (3-6), were isolated from 50% acetone extract of Rabdosia lophanthoides (Buch.-Ham.ex D.Don) Hara. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS experiments.

Aim of the study The present study was designed to investigate the effects of the EtOH and H 2 O extracts of Selaginella tamariscina (Beauv.) Spring on hyperglycemia in diabetic rats and HepG2 cells, and to confirm the active fractions of EtOH extract in HepG2 cells. Materials and methods HepG2 cells and type II diabetic rats induced by low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) and high-fat diet (HFD) were used to evaluate the hypoglycemic effect of EtOH and H 2 O extracts of Selaginella tamariscina . HepG2 cells were used to evaluate the promotive effect of different fractions of EtOH extract obtained from a polyamide column on glucose utilization. Results The results in HepG2 cells indicated that the EtOH extract had a better hypoglycemic effect than the H 2 O extract. The results in diabetic rats indicated that both EtOH extract and H 2 O extract were able to ameliorate the fasting blood glucose (FBG) level and improve oral glucose tolerance (OGTT). Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), free fatty acids (FFA), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in serum were lowered. High density lipoprotein (HDL-c), insulin and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in serum were elevated as well as the hepatic glycogen content in diabetic rats. Compared with H 2 O extract, the effects of EtOH extract were more marked. The 80% ethanol fraction exhibited a stronger hypoglycemic effect than the aqueous and 50% ethanol fractions, but the 95% ethanol fraction did not show any appreciable effects in HepG2 cells. Conclusions The results suggested that the EtOH extract had a better hypoglycemic effect than the H 2 O extract; the 80% ethanol fraction from polyamide column had a strong hypoglycemic activity in HepG2 cells.

Two new secolignans, 3,4-trans-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]butyrolactone (1) and 2,3-trans-3,4-trans-2-methoxy-3-hydroxymethyl-4-[bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]tetrahydrofuran (2), together with six known compounds, were isolated from the whole grass of Selaginella sinensis (Desv.) Spring. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS experiments.

Five new hydrolyzable tannin dimers, roshenins A-E, and eight known tannins and related polyphenols [(+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, procyanidins B-3 and B-4, sanguisorbic acid dilactone, sanguiins H-2, H-6 and lambertianin A], have been isolated from the root of Rosa henryi BOUL. The structures of roshenins A-E (9-12, 19), which have a sanguisorboyl group as a linking unit between monomeric components, were established on the basis of spectral and chemical evidence.

Three new C-glycosylflavones, named 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-8-C-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl- (1 --2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (1), 5,7,4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxy-6-C-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (2), and 5,3',4'-trihydroxy-7,8-dimethoxy-6-C-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1 --2)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavonoside (3), along with two known compounds 5,4'-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-6-C-glucopyranosyl-flavonoside (4), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxymethyl benzoate (5) were isolated from 70% acetone extract of Corallodiscus flabellata. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic techniques and chemical methods.

A new megastigmane, rehmamegastigmane ( 1 ), together with eighteen known compounds lariciresinol ( 2 ), lariciresinol-4′- O - β - d -glucopyranoside ( 3 ), hierochin D ( 4 ), yemuoside YM1 ( 5 ), darendoside B ( 6 ), decaffeoylacteoside ( 7 ), jionoside B 1 ( 8 ), catalpol ( 9 ), ajugol ( 10 ), 6- O -vanilloylajugol ( 11 ), 6- O - E -feruloylajugol ( 12 ), rehmapicroside ( 13 ), rehmapicrogenin ( 14 ), 3-methoxy-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohexane-1-enecarboxylic acid ( 15 ), vanillic acid ( 16 ), hydroferulic acid ( 17 ), threo -1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,2,3-propanetriol ( 18 ), p -hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol ( 19 ) was isolated from the fresh roots of Rehmannia glutinosa . Compounds 2 – 6 and 16 – 18 were isolated from this plant for the first time.