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The structure of basic lanthanum orotate (LaOr) were characterized by elemental analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The thermal stability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was further studied by Congo red method, oven discoloration method and thermogravimetric analysis. The results showed that LaOr could prolong the oven discoloration time of PVC, and the color was not completely blackened until 120 min. It has a good synergetic effect with dibenzoyl methane (DBM), and the best effect is achieved when LaOr/DBM ratio is 1.8/1.2. The thermal decomposition kinetics experiment showed that adding DBM can effectively improve the activation energy of PVC/LaOr. The stabilization mechanism of PVC was studied by absorbing HCl method and infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that LaOr could not only replace the unstable chlorine atoms on PVC, but also promote the long-term thermal stability of PVC by absorbing HCl.

Background. The association between free triiodothyronine (FT3) and long-term prognosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients has not been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the level of FT3 could provide prognostic value in patients with DCM. Methods. Data of consecutive patients diagnosed with DCM were collected from October 2009 to December 2014. FT3 was measured by fluoroimmunoassay. Other biochemical markers, such as free thyroxin (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone, red blood cell, hemoglobin, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatinine, were tested at the same time. Follow-up was performed every 3 months. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. Pearson analysis was used to evaluate the correlation of FT3 and other lab metrics with DCM patients’ prognosis. The association of long-term mortality in DCM and FT3 was compared using Cox hazards model. Results. Data of 176 patients diagnosed with DCM were collected. Of them, 24 patients missed FT3 values and six patients were lost to follow-up. Altogether, data of 146 patients were analyzed. During the median follow-up time of 79.9 (53.5–159.6) months, nine patients lost, 61 patients died (non-survival group), and 85 patients survived (survival group). FT3 was significantly lower in non-survival group than that in survival group (3.65 ± 0.83 pmol/L vs. 4.36 ± 1.91 pmol/L; P = 0.003). FT3 also showed a significantly positive correlation with red blood cell and hemoglobin, negatively correlated with age, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine (P

The Xiarihamu Cu–Ni sulfide deposit is the second-largest Cu–Ni deposit in China, located in the Eastern Kunlun orogenic belt. However, despite previous study, the formation and evolution of this deposit remains a key unknown in the tectonic evolution of the Eastern Kunlun Orogenic Belt. Moreover, the petrogenesis of the ore-bearing rocks and the nature of ore genesis are the subjects of ongoing debate. Here, we present detailed field observations, petrology, zircon U–Pb geochronology, and Re–Os isotopic analyses to constrain the timing and genesis of the Xiarihamu Cu–Ni sulfide deposit. Sulfides from the massive ores yielded a Re–Os isotopic isochron age of 408 ± 11 Ma. Four samples from the ore-bearing Xiarihamu mafic–ultramafic intrusions yielded zircon U–Pb ages of 423.1 ± 2 Ma, 422.9 ± 3.1 Ma, 422.7 ± 2.3 Ma, and 422.6 ± 2.7 Ma, respectively, indicating that the ore formed during the Silurian. The calculated initial 187Os/188Os ratio and γOs values ranged from 0.5109 to 0.8499 and from 311 to 584, respectively, indicating that crustal contamination played an extremely important role in triggering sulfide saturation. In combination with previous research, drill core observations and Re–Os data provide robust evidence for multiple pulses of magma replenishment throughout the process of ore genesis. Based on this evidence, the large-scale magmatic Cu–Ni mineralization in Xiarihamu likely occurred in a post-collisional setting related to tectonic slab breakoff.

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) accounts 95% of hypopharyngeal cancer, which is characterized by high early metastasis rate and poor prognosis. It is reported that circular RNA is involved in the occurrence and development of cancer; however, the role of circRNA in hypopharyngeal cancer has little been investigated. We performed hypopharyngeal carcinoma circRNA microarray and qRT-PCR verification. The results showed circ_0058106 expression level was significantly upregulated in tumor tissues than in corresponding normal tissues. We found that circ_0058106 upregulation promoted proliferation, migration and invasion of HSCC cells, while knockdown of circ_0058106 inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion of HSCC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Bioinformatics predicted circ_0058106 may interact with miR-185-3p. We verified circ_0058106 directly bound miR-185-3p and downregulated miR-185-3p expression by using dual-luciferase reporter assay and qRT-PCR. Moreover, we proved circ_0058106 promoted HSCC cells tumorigenesis and EMT process by regulating Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway via miR-185-3p. In conclusion, our findings firstly confirmed the carcinogenic effect of circ_0058106 in promoting HSCC cells tumorigenesis, metastasis, invasion and EMT process by regulating Wnt2b/β-catenin/c-Myc pathway through sponging miR-185-3p, indicating that circ_0058106 may be a new therapeutic target and prognostic marker for HSCC.

Background Thimerosal has been used as a preservative in many products which may cause contact dermatitis. It is the second most common allergen in positive patch test reactions, though being a clinical irrelevant allergen. Thimerosal-induced contact dermatitis is generally considered to be a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, but it is difficult to explain the fact that most patients develop an allergic reaction upon first encounter with thimerosal. Recent studies have demonstrated the association between Mas-related G protein coupled receptor X2 (MRGPRX2) and pseudo-allergic reactions which occur at the first contact with stimulation. This suggests the possibility that thimerosal may cause contact dermatitis via MRGPRX2 mediated mechanism. Objectives To investigate the role of Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor B2 (MrgprB2)/MRGPRX2 in contact dermatitis induced by thimerosal. Methods Thimerosal induced pseudo-allergic reactions via MrgprB2/ MRGPRX2 were investigated using a novel skin pseudo-allergic reaction mouse model, footpad swelling and extravasation assays in vivo and mast cell degranulation assay in vitro. Results Thimerosal induced contact dermatitis in dorsal skin and footpad swelling in wild-type mice, but had no significant effect in MrgprB2-knockout mice. Thimerosal-induced dermatitis is characterized by infiltration of inflammatory cells and elevation of serum histamine and inflammatory cytokines, rather than elevation of serum IgE level. Thimerosal increased the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in HEK293 cells overexpressing MrgprB2/MRGPRX2. Downregulation of MRGPRX2 resulted in the reduced degranulation of LAD2 human mast cells. Conclusions MrgprB2 mediates thimerosal-induced mast cell degranulation and pseudo-allergic reaction in mice. MRGPRX2 may be a key contributor to human contact dermatitis.

In this work the effects of cooking cycle times of marinating juice and reheating on the formation of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) and heterocyclic amines (HAs) in marinated pig hock were investigated. After the 12th cycle, the total content of COPs was 3.3, 2.0, and 2.0 times higher than that after the 1st cycle in the skin, subcutaneous fat, and lean meat, respectively. The total content of HAs was 5.8, 6.0, and 5.6 times higher than that after the 1st cycle in the skin, subcutaneous fat, and lean meat, respectively. Notably, more COPs were present in the lean meat than in the skin and subcutaneous fat, whereas the content of HAs in the skin was the highest. Compared with the unreheated samples, the total content of COPs and HAs in all tissues increased after reheating at 95 &deg, C for 30 min or at 121 &deg, C for 25 min, but no significant difference was found between different reheating conditions.

In this article, various ratios of activated carbon and amounts of the cross-linking agent were used to prepare mediator functionalized PVDF membrane with N, N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) as the solvent and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as the polymer. The membrane structure was characterized by an electron microscope. Moreover, the influence of the prepared membrane on the decolorization rate of the dye was investigated to optimize the addition amounts of activated carbon and the cross-linking agent. As the addition amount of cross-linking agent in the blend membrane increased, the decolorization effect continuously improved. However, the decolorization rate tended to be stable when the cross-linking agent reached a specific value. The addition of activated carbon significantly accelerated the rate of degradation and decolorization of the microbial system.

An analytical method was developed for the simultaneous determination of five cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) in marinated pig feet and hocks by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The five COPs were 7 β -hydroxycholesterol, cholesterol-5 α,6 α -epoxide, 3 β,5 α,6 β -trihydroxycholestane, 25-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol. The sample was extracted with methanol-chloroform (1:2, v/v) and purified by solid phase extraction. Subsequently, the sample was collected for derivatization by N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)acetamide-trimethyl chlorosilane-1-trimethylsilyllimidazole (3:2:3, v/v/v) (Sylon BTZ). The column temperature was properly programmed, and the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode was used for the determination of COPs. Under optimum conditions, the five COPs were well separated within 22 min with good separation. The linear range of the five COPs met the requirement of determination, and the average recoveries of the five COPs spiked in the pork samples at three levels were 61.16%-96.96% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) no more than 7.80% (n=3). The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantification (LOQs) were in the range of 0.02-47.07 ng/g and 0.06-156.90 ng/g, respectively. This method has a wide line arrange and high sensitivity, and has been successfully applied to the analysis of COPs in actual samples.

The Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit is located in the Tuotuohe area in the northern part of the Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt, central Tibet. The Pb-Zn-Cu ore bodies in this deposit are hosted mainly by Middle Jurassic Xiali Formation limestone and sandstone, and are structurally controlled by a series of NWW trending faults. In this paper, we present the results of fluid inclusions and isotope (C, H, O, S, and Pb) investigations of the Chuduoqu deposit. Four stages of hydrothermal ore mineralization are identified: quartz−specularite (stage I), quartz−barite−chalcopyrite (stage II), quartz−polymetallic sulfide (stage III), and quartz−carbonate (stage IV). Two types of fluid inclusions are identified in the Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit: liquid-rich and vapor-rich. The homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions for stages I−IV are 318−370 °C, 250−308 °C, 230−294 °C, and 144−233 °C, respectively. Fluid salinities range from 2.07 wt. % to 11.81 wt. % NaCl equivalent. The microthermometric data indicate that the fluid mixing and cooling are two important mechanisms for ore precipitation. The H and O isotopic compositions of quartz indicate a primarily magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids, with the proportion of meteoric water increasing over time. The C and O isotopic compositions of carbonate samples indicate that a large amount of magmatic water was still involved in the final stage of mineralization. The S and Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides, demonstrate that the ore minerals have a magmatic source. On a regional basis, the most likely source of the metallogenic material was regional potassium-enriched magmatic hydrothermal fluid. Specifically for the Chuduoqu Pb-Zn-Cu deposit, the magmatic activity of a syenite porphyry was the likely heat source, and this porphyry also provided the main metallogenic material for the deposit. Mineralization took place between 40 and 24 Ma. The Chuduoqu deposit is a mesothermal hydrothermal vein deposit and was formed in an extensional environment related to the late stage of intracontinental orogenesis resulting from India−Asia collision. The determination of the deposit type and genesis of Chuduoqu is important because it will inform and guide further exploration for hydrothermal-type Pb and Zn deposits in the Tuotuohe area and in the wider Sanjiang Metallogenic Belt.

Seventy-two piglets aged at 25 d were chosen to investigate the effects of Bacillus subtilis DSM32315 supplementation in diets with different protein levels on growth performance, intestinal barrier function, and gut microbiota profile in a 42-d trial. The animals were allotted to four treatment groups in a randomized complete block design involving a 2 (protein levels) × 2 (probiotic levels) factorial arrangement of treatments. Two protein levels included the high CP (HP) diets (0 to 14 d, 20.5%; 15 to 42 d, 19.5%) and the low CP (LP) diets (0 to 14 d, 18%; 15 to 42 d, 17%), and added probiotic (PRO) levels included at 0 and 500 mg/kg diet. Two interactions between CP and PRO for ADG (P < 0.01) and F/G (P < 0.05) were observed in phase 1. Within the piglets given the LP diet, probiotic supplementation increased ADG and decreased F/G ratio. Likewise, there were interactions between CP and PRO on the digestibility of CP (P < 0.01) and EE (P < 0.05), and probiotic supplementation increased the digestibility of CP and ether extract (EE) of piglets fed with LP diet, but that was not the case for piglets fed with HP diet. Furthermore, there were interactions between CP and PRO on villus height (P < 0.01) and villus height:crypt depth ratio (P < 0.05) in ileum. Piglets fed with LP diet containing probiotic had the greatest villus height and villus height:crypt depth ratio in ileum among treatments. There were also main effects of PRO on the propionic acid (P < 0.05) and butyric acid (P < 0.05), and the concentrations of propionic acid and butyric acid in colonic digesta were increased with the inclusion of probiotic in diet. Piglets fed with LP diet containing probiotic had the greatest population of Bacillus and Bifidobacterium (P < 0.05) in colon. In addition, there were interactions between CP and PRO on the mRNA expressions of occludin-1 (P < 0.05), epidermal growth factor (EGF) (P < 0.05), and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) (P < 0.05). The LP fed piglets plus probiotic exhibited the greatest mRNA expressions of occludin-1, EGF, and IGF-1R in ileum compared with other treatments. In conclusion, moderate dietary protein restriction combining with the addition of B. subtilis DSM32315 synergistically increased growth performance, altered hindgut bacterial composition and metabolites, maintained intestinal barrier function in ileum of piglets.

To improve the level classificationaccuracy of the method used in the lithium-ion battery production lines, the sorting method suitable for mass production lines is studied.Based on the developed single-cell battery detection system, this paper proposed a method that combines multi-parameter sorting and fuzzy C-means clustering to realize level classification of single-cell batteries.A cycle life test was designed for comparison and verification to perform random packing, OCV and internal resistance sorting packing, multi-parameter sorting and fuzzy C-means clustering combined packing experiments.The experiment results show that the classification method combining multi-parameter sorting and fuzzy C-means clustering can improve the consistency of the batteries after grouping, and further prove that the cycle lifetimes of the battery packsincrease.

This study compares the differences and similarities of two types of superplasticizers—NSF (Naphthalene Sulfonate Formaldehyde) and PCE (PolyCarboxylate Ester)—in fresh cement paste systems, in terms of adsorption, dynamic yield stress, and thixotropic index. Results show that with either NSF or PCE addition, the more superplasticizer is added, the more it is adsorbed and the more it remains in the interstitial pore solution. The dynamic yield stress and thixotropic index also decrease with increasing addition the amount of either superplasticizer. However, NSF is less efficient in decreasing the dynamic yield stress than PCE. More importantly, the decreasing patterns of dynamic yield stress and thixotropic index are different with NSF and PCE additions; this is tied to the adsorption and dispersing mechanisms of these two types of superplasticizers.

BACKGROUND Pale, soft and exudative (PSE) meat is a quality problem that causes a large economic loss to the pork industry. In the present work, near infrared (NIR) quantification and identification methods were used to investigate the feasibility of differentiating potential PSE meat from normal meat. RESULTS NIR quantification models were developed to estimate meat pH and colour attributes (L*, a*, b*). Promising results were reported for prediction of muscle pH (R(2) CV = 70.10%, RPDCV = 1.83) and L* (R(2) CV = 77.18%, RPDCV = 1.91), but it is still hard to promote to practical application at this level. The Factorisation Method applied to NIR spectra could differentiate potential PSE meat from normal meat at 3 h post-mortem. Correlation analysis showed significant relationship between NIR data and LF-NMR T2 components that were indicative of water distribution and mobility in muscle. PSE meat had unconventionally faster energy metabolism than normal meat, which caused greater water mobility. CONCLUSION NIR spectra coupled with the Factorisation Method could be a promising technology to identify potential PSE meat. The difference in the intensity of H2 O absorbance peaks between PSE and normal meat might be the basis of this identification method. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

A mechanistic investigation, which included a Hammett correlation analysis, evaluation of the effect of variation of catalyst composition, and low-temperature NMR spectroscopy studies, of the Lewis acid-Lewis base catalyzed addition of acetyl cyanide to prochiral aldehydes provides support for a reaction route that involves Lewis base activation of the acyl cyanide with formation of a potent acylating agent and cyanide ion. The cyanide ion adds to the carbonyl group of the Lewis acid activated aldehyde. O-Acylation by the acylated Lewis base to form the final cyanohydrin ester occurs prior to decomplexation from titanium. For less reactive aldehydes, the addition of cyanide is the rate-determining step, whereas, for more reactive, electron-deficient aldehydes, cyanide addition is rapid and reversible and is followed by rate-limiting acylation. The resting state of the catalyst lies outside the catalytic cycle and is believed to be a monomeric titanium complex with two alcoholate ligands, which only slowly converts into the product.

Lightweight foams with open-cell structure are prepared through water-in-oil Pickering high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs), whose density could be low down to 32.5 mg/cm3. The Pickering HIPEs are stabilized by copolymer particles, which also act as the building block for the resultant polymeric foams. The presence of toluene in the organic phase played a key role for the formation of well-defined interconnected pores in the resulting foams. The interconnectivity and the density of the foams could be tailored by varying the particle and electrolyte concentration in aqueous phase as well as the amount of toluene in the organic phase.

An acidic O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Escherichia coli O163 was obtained by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipopolysaccharide and studied by sugar analysis and Smith degradation along with 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the linear tetrasaccharide repeating unit was established, which is unique among known structures of bacterial polysaccharides: --2)-β-D-Manp-(1--4)-β-D-GlcpA-(1--3)-α-L-QuipNAc-(1--3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--. Functions of genes in the O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O163 were tentatively assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure. Relationships between O-antigen structures and gene clusters of E. coli O163 and Salmonella enterica O41 are discussed.

Fogo Selvagem (FS), the endemic form of pemphigus foliaceus, is mediated by pathogenic IgG4 autoantibodies against the amino-terminal extracellular cadherin domain of the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 1 (Dsg1). Here we define the detailed epitopes of these pathogenic antibodies. Proteolytic footprinting showed that IgG4 from 95% of FS donor sera (19/20) recognized a 16-residue peptide (A(129)LNSMGQDLERPLELR(144)) from the EC1 domain of Dsg1 that overlaps the binding site for an adhesive-partner desmosomal cadherin molecule. Mutation of Dsg1 residues M(133) and Q(135) reduced the binding of FS IgG4 autoantibodies to Dsg1 by ~50%. Molecular modeling identified two nearby EC1 domain residues (Q(82) and V(83)) likely to contribute to the epitope. Mutation of these residues completely abolished the binding of FS IgG4 to Dsg1. Bead aggregation assays showed that native binding interactions between Dsg1 and desmocollin 1 (Dsc1), which underlie desmosome structure, were abolished by Fab fragments of FS IgG4. These results further define the molecular mechanism by which FS IgG4 autoantibodies interfere with desmosome structure and lead to cell-cell detachment, the hallmark of this disease.

The resistive switching behaviors are investigated in highly silicon-rich SiOx (x = 0.73) films, which are deposited using the plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition method. For the Pt/SiO0.73/Pt structures, after the forming process the reset voltages (∼0.7 V) are lower than the set voltages (∼1.7 V). The metal-free structures N+-Si/SiO0.73/N++-Si/Pt show almost the same switching behaviors as those of Pt/SiO0.73/Pt structures, demonstrating an intrinsic resistive switching mechanism. We use the silicon dangling bonds (Si-DBs) percolation model to explain this. It is based on the biasing electric field decreasing the bond strength and leading to the breakage of Si–O bonds in SiOx films. Consequently the new Si-DBs are created and will contribute to form the dangling bonds percolation path. The temperature dependence of forming voltages is investigated. The forming voltages show no obvious changes and the forming process will occur as soon as the sweeping voltage reaches ∼10.5 V, even if the temperature decreases to 5.5 K. It indicates that the electric field plays an important role during the forming processes. Moreover, through the analysis of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron spin resonance signals, it can be concluded that the •Si≡Si3 and •Si≡Si2O DBs centers are the main components in Si-DBs percolation path of SiO0.73 films.

Acetoxyphosphonates were obtained by a one-step procedure consisting of reaction of diethyl acetylphosphonate with prochiral aldehydes in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a chiral Lewis acid, an achiral Lewis base, and a Brønstedt base. Best results were obtained using a tridentate Schiff base aluminum(III) Lewis acidic complex, 1H-1,2,3-benzotriazole, and a tertiary amine such as DBU. The target compounds were in most cases obtained in high yields, but with moderate enantiomeric ratios (up to 78:22).

The O-polysaccharide (O-antigen) of Escherichia coli O36 was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide and studied by sugar analyses and Smith degradation along with 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The following structure of the branched pentasaccharide repeating unit was established, which is unique among the known structures of bacterial polysaccharides: Download : Download full-size image The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O36 has been sequenced. The gene functions were tentatively assigned by comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in full agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure.

O-Polysaccharide (O-antigen) accompanied by a minor mannan was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of Escherichia coli O39 and studied by component analyses, methylation, Smith degradation, mass spectrometry, and 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy. In addition, a new approach, solvolysis with anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid, was applied to cleave selectively the rhamnosidic linkage. The following structure of the O-polysaccharide was established: α--D-Galpl-->3-->3)-β-D-Quip4N(R3Hb)-(1-->2)-α-D-Manp-(l-->4)-α-L-Rhap-(1-->3)-α-D-GlcpNAc-(1--> where D-Qui4N(R3Hb) indicates 4,6-dideoxy-4-[(R)-3-hydroxybutanoylamino]-d-glucose. The O-antigen gene cluster of E. coli O39 has been sequenced. The gene functions were tentatively assigned by a comparison with sequences in the available databases and found to be in agreement with the O-polysaccharide structure.

Continuous recycling of the minor product enantiomer obtained from the acetylcyanation of prochiral aldehydes provided access to highly enantiomerically enriched products. Cyanohydrin derivatives, which under normal conditions are obtained with modest or poor enantiomeric ratios, were formed with high enantiomeric purity by using a reinforcing combination of a chiral Lewis acid catalyst and a biocatalyst. The primarily obtained products were transformed into β-adrenergic antagonists (S)-propanolol, (R)-dichloroisoproterenol, and (R)-pronethalol by means of a two-step procedure.

The Hongtoushan copper–zinc deposit is the only large Archean volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) deposit in China. This paper presents new information on the timing of metallogenesis and metamorphism of the deposit, including new cathodoluminescence (CL) images, and Th U−1 and LA–ICP–MS U–Pb dating on zircons of the biotite–plagioclase gneiss and plagioclase–amphibole gneiss that host the deposit. The CL images and Th U−1 ratios indicate that the zircons within the gneiss are of metamorphic origin. LA–ICP–MS dating of the plagioclase–amphibole gneiss yielded the upper intercept ages of 2549 Ma, and the biotite–plagioclase gneiss yielded the upper intercept ages of 2552 Ma and 2550 Ma correspondingly, indicating that the mineralization of the deposit occurred at around 2550 Ma. The rims of zircons within these host rocks yielded younger U–Pb ages at 2529, 2520 and 2515 Ma, identical to the age of felsic intrusive rocks in the study area. This suggests that the Hongtoushan VMS deposit underwent initial metamorphism and deformation at around 2520 Ma by the intrusion of granite magmas.

Quaternary ammonium bases, such as aqueous (CH3)4NOH, were found to be an extraordinarily efficient catalyst for cyanosilylation of aldehydes. The addition reaction of trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) to equivalent aldehydes could proceed smoothly with turnover frequency (TOF) up to 3000000 h−1 and in near 100% yield under solvent-free conditions. These organic catalysts also tolerated various aldehydes including aromatic, aliphatic and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. This process perfectly conforms to the features of green chemistry: no waste regarding side-products and unconverted reactants, solvent-free, excellent catalytic activity, and no requirement for separation.

We report a nc-Si nonvolatile memory (NVM) device with nitrided nc-Si dots embedded in a floating gate. LPCVD was used to deposit a layer of nc-Si on the tunnel oxide layer at the pressure of 350 mTorr. Subsequently as-deposited nc-Si dots were nitrided at 780 °C in NH 3 ambient. The role of the nitridation of nc-Si dots for improving performance of nc-Si NVM was investigated. First of all, enlarged memory windows have been observed from nitrided nc-Si NVM compared with that of un-nitrided nc-Si NVM because of the reduction of the surface defect states of nc-Si. Secondly, a faster program speed is achieved because the effective gate bias is increased in nitrided nc-Si NVM. Furthermore, the Si nitride cover layer also acts as a potential barrier which enhanced the memory retention time. The mechanism of improving performance of nitrided nc-Si NVM has been discussed.

The mechanical properties and microstructural features of aluminum 5083 (AI5083) weldments processed by gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) and gas metal arc welding (GMAW) are investigated. Weldments processed by both methods are mechanically softer than the parent material AI5083, and could be potential sites for plastic localization. It is revealed that AI5083 weldments processed by GTAW are mechanical more reliable than those by GMAW. The former bears higher strength, more ductility, and no apparent microstructure defects. Perceivable porosity in weldments by GMAW is found, which could account for the distinct mechanical properties between weldments processed by GTAW and GMAW. It is suggested that caution should be exercised when using GMAW for AI5083 in the high-speed-train industry where such light weight metal is broadly used.

To investigate the protecting effects of dexamethasone (DXM), baicalin and octreotide on brain injury of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) and explore their underlying mechanism.This experiment was divided into two different parts: (1) In the first part, 90 SAP rats were randomly divided into a model control group and a DXM treated group (n = 45, respectively). (2) In the second part, 135 SAP rats were randomly divided into a model control group, a baicalin treated group and an octreotide treated group (n = 45, respectively). In two different experiments, the same number of normal rats were considered as the sham-operated group (n = 45, respectively). At 3, 6 and 12 h after operation, the pathological changes in the brain were observed. The expression levels of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), Bax and Bcl-2 proteins were detected and apoptosis indexes were calculated, using brain tissue microarray section.(1) First part: The expression levels of Bax and Bcl-2 were significantly higher in the DXM treated group than those in the model control group at different time points, while the content of NF-κB protein and pathological changes were significantly lower in the treated group than those in the model control group (P 0.05, P 0.01 or P 0.001). But the apoptotic indexes of brain tissue were not significantly different at different time points (P 0.05). (2) Second part: At all time points after operation, the expression levels of NF-κB in the brain of treated groups were, to varying degrees, significantly lower than those in the model control group while the expression levels of Bcl-2 protein in baicalin and octreotide group were significantly higher than those in model control group (P 0.01, P 0.01 and P 0.05, respectively). At 12 h after operation, the expression level of Bax protein in baicalin treated group was significantly higher than those in model control group and octreotide treated group (P 0.05 and P 0.01, respectively).Dexamethasone, baicalin and octreotide can exert protective effects against brain injury in SAP rats mainly through inhibiting the expression of NF-κB protein.

A novel enantiopure salen ligand bearing a diphenylphosphine oxide on the 3-position of one aromatic ring was synthesized and combined with Ti(O i -Pr) 4 as a monometallic bifunctional catalyst for asymmetric cyanosilylation reaction of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN). The catalyst system exhibited excellent activity and moderate enantioselectivity. The addition of TMSCN to 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in the presence of 1 mol% catalyst loading could complete within 10 min at ambient temperature. An intramolecularly cooperative catalysis was observed in this system wherein the central metal Ti(IV) is suggested to play a role of Lewis acid to activate aldehydes while the appended diphenylphosphine oxide worked as Lewis base to activate TMSCN.

The treatment process of preserving soaking waste water by combined ultrafiltration-nanofiltration process was investigated. In the nanofiltration experiment,measuring the effects of different enrichment times on the flux, COD, total phosphorus and ammonia nitrogen to analyze the characteristics of the nanofiltration process and membrane fouling problems during nanofiltration.The results indicated that when the enrichment multiple was 4 times,the removal rate of COD was up to 87%, the removal efficiency of total phosphorus was above 90% and the removal rate of ammonia nitrogen was up to 63%, besides the membrane flux could be maintained at a better level. With prolonged operation, membrane flux decreased by 71%. After being soaked and cleaned with sodium hydroxide solution, membrane flux can be restored to more than 73% of the original. The concentrated waste water soaked by nanofiltration can be treated with advanced oxidation process,and the filtrate can reach the standard for reuse water.

We investigated the effects of Baicalin and Octreotide on the levels of endotoxin and TNF-α in blood and the effects of apoptotic changes in multiple organs of SAP rats, and explored the underlying therapeutic mechanisms of Baicalin and Octreotide. In this study, 135 SAP rats were randomly divided into model control, Baicalin treated and Octreotide treated group (n = 45), respectively, the same number of normal rats were included in sham-operated group (n = 45). The above-mentioned groups were further subdivided into 3, 6 and 12 h subgroups, respectively (15 rats in each subgroup). At 3, 6 and 12 h after operation, the mortality rate of rats, endotoxin and TNF-α levels in blood as well as the pathological severity scores, expression levels of Bax protein and apoptosis indexes in multiple organs were determined. Compared to model control group (1),both drugs can relieve the pathological injuries of multiple organs and decrease significantly the levels of endotoxin and TNF-α in blood and the mortality rate of rats in treated groups (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01); (2) the expression of Bax protein was upregulated in pancreas, lung, intestinal mucosa (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) but downregulated in spleen and lymph nodes (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively) in Baicalin treated group; The apoptosis indexes significantly increased in pancreas, intestinal mucosa, lymph nodes and spleen (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). (3) the expression of Bax protein was upregulated in pancreas and lung but downregulated in spleen and lymph nodes (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) in Octreotide treated group; The apoptosis indexes significantly increased in lymph nodes and spleen in Octreotide treated group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Baicalin and Octreotide share a similar therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of SAP via a mechanism that is associated with inhibiting the levels of TNF-α in blood and induce apoptosis in multiple organs.

The objective of the study was to observe the effects of Salvia miltiorrhiza on intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) protein expression in the lungs of rats with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) or obstructive jaundice (OJ).A total of 288 rats were used for SAP- and OJ-associated experiments. The rats were randomly divided into sham-operated, model control, and treated group. According to the difference of time points after operation, the SAP rats of each group were subdivided into 3-, 6-, and 12-hour groups, whereas the OJ rats were divided into 7-, 14-, 21-, and 28-day groups. The contents of interleukin (IL) 6, IL-18, nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase in serum were determined, and pathological changes and ICAM-1 protein expression in the lungs were observed.Compared with the respective model control groups, in treated groups of SAP and OJ rats, the numbers of dead rats declined; serum superoxide dismutase content significantly increased, and serum IL-18, IL-6, and malondialdehyde contents were significantly decreased; the positive staining intensity of ICAM-1 protein in the lungs decreased significantly (P0.05, P0.01, or P0.001); and pathological changes in the lungs were relieved.Salvia miltiorrhiza plays a positive role in the protection of the lungs of SAP and OJ rats.

Nano-Co3O4with different morphologies was successfully synthesized by annealing CoC2O4·2H2O precursors. The as-obtained samples were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and low-temperature nitrogen adsorption-desorption. It was found that the volume ratio of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) and water played an important role in the formation of cobalt oxalate precursors with different morphologies. After calcination in air, cobalt oxalate precursors converted to Co3O4nanomaterials while their original morphologies were maintained. The catalytic effect was investigated for nano-Co3O4with different morphologies on the thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate (AP) by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results indicated that all products showed excellent catalytic activity for thermal decomposition of AP and the Co3O4nanorods with larger BET surface area and pore volume had the highest catalytic activity.

MIL-68 (In) nano-rods were prepared by a facile solvothermal synthesis using NaOAc as modulator agent at 100 degrees C for 30 min. The BET test showed that the specific surface area and pore volume of MIL-68 (In) nanorods were 1252 m(2) g(-1) and 0.80 cm(3) g(-1), respectively. The as-prepared MIL-68 (In) nanorods showed excellent adsorption capacity and rapid adsorption rate for removal of Congo red (CR) dye from water. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIL-68 (In) nanorods toward CR reached 1204 mg g(-1), much higher than MIL-68 (In) microrods and most of the previously reported adsorbents. The adsorption process of CR by MIL-68 (In) nano-rods was investigated and found to be obeying the Langmuir adsorption model in addition to pseudo-second-order rate equation. Moreover, the MIL-68 (In) nanorods showed an acceptable reusability after regeneration with ethanol. All information gives an indication that the as-prepared MIL-68 (In) nanorods show their potential as the adsorbent for highly efficient removal of CR in wastewater. (C) 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The presented method enables the access to enantioenriched α-acetoxyphosphonates using a three-component catalyst system.

Beta 2, in combination with the alpha subunit, is responsible for tight adhesion of leukocytes, especially neutrophils and macrophages, in areas of inflammation. Although identified in mammalian and avian species; the beta 2 or CD18 molecule has yet to be identified in fish. The present investigation has identified a full-length channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, cDNA beta 2 molecule composed of 2.8 kb and a deduced amino acid sequence of 772 amino acids. The catfish molecule has an amino acid homology ranging from 54 to 63% with mouse, bovine, rabbit, human and chicken. The channel catfish molecule retains several characteristics of mammalian beta 2 molecules, such as cysteine-rich repeat regions, N-linked glycosylation sites, and several proposed signal sequences. Expression of the beta 2 molecule on the catfish neutrophil cytoplasmic membranes is increased upon phorbol dibutyrate stimulation of the cells. Based on Western blotting and the immunoprecipitation test, the channel catfish beta 2 molecule has a molecular mass of approximately 95 kD, essentially the same as that for mammalian species. However, two additional molecules, perhaps α chains, of unexpected molecular mass appear to co-precipitate in the SPIT with the 95 kD CD18 molecule. These results confirm the existence and expression of a beta 2 gene in channel catfish, a species phylogenetically distant from mammalian species.

Based on the single electron tunneling and storage in an uniform nc-Si single layer within a-SiN x (or a-SiO x ) / nc-Si/a-SiN x (or a-SiO x ) structures, the nc-Si floating gate nonvolatile memories (NVM) have been fabricated. The performance of the program and erase speed as well as the retention time have been improved by using the nitrogen plasma treatments. In order to increase the storage density, the double level charge storage has been realized in the stacked nc-Si layer based MIS structures. Considering the scaling limit of charge storage in nc-Si NVM, the Si high-rich SiO x based electrically switchable resistance random access memory (RRAM) has been investigated. The mechanism of electrically switchable resistance in Pt/SiO x /Pt structure has been also discussed.

A novel enantiopure salen ligand bearing a diphenylphosphine oxide on the 3-position of one aromatic ring was synthesized and combined with Ti(O i -Pr) 4 as a monometallic bifunctional catalyst for asymmetric cyanosilylation reaction of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN). The catalyst system exhibited excellent activity and moderate enantioselectivity. The addition of TMSCN to 4-nitrobenzaldehyde in the presence of 1 mol% catalyst loading could complete within 10 min at ambient temperature. An intramolecularly cooperative catalysis was observed in this system wherein the central metal Ti(IV) is suggested to play a role of Lewis acid to activate aldehydes while the appended diphenylphosphine oxide worked as Lewis base to activate TMSCN.

A series of unsymmetric salen ligands derived from 1,2-diaminocyclohexane bearing an appended Lewis base on the three-position of one aromatic ring were synthesized by the reaction of various functional salicyaldehydes with the condensation product of 1,2-diaminocyclohexane mono(hydrogen chloride) and 3,5-di-tert-butylsalicylaldehyde. These ligands in conjunction with Ti(O(i)Pr)(4) exhibited excellent activity in catalyzing the cyanosilylation of aldehydes with trimethylsilyl cyanide (TMSCN) at mild conditions. The highest activity was observed in the catalyst system with regard to the salen ligand bearing a diethylamino group, which proved to be active even at a high [aldehyde]/[catalyst] ratio up to 50000. In a low catalyst loading of 0.05 mol%, the quantitative conversion of benzaldehyde to the corresponding cyanosilylation product was found within 10 min. at ambient temperature. An intramolecularly cooperative catalysis was proposed wherein the central metal Ti(IV) is suggested to play a role of Lewis acid to activate aldehydes while the appended Lewis base to activate TMSCN.

Capacitance-voltage (C-V) and frequency dependent conductance-voltage (G-V) measurements have been carried out to investigate the charging and discharging effect induced by interface states and nanocrystalline Si (nc-Si) in floating gate MOS structures. Distinct conductance peaks are observed in the G-V curves for the floating gate with and without nc-Si dots. Based on the calculation of interface states density and charge density, the role of nc-Si and interface states is analyzed in detail.

Size-controlled nanocrystals (Si NCs) in floating gate MOS structure have been fabricated by thermal annealing of Si-rich SiNx layers with high ratio of Si/N. High resolution transmission electronic microscopy (HRTEM) reveals the size of Si NCs can be controlled by varying the thickness of Si-rich SiNx layer. Based on the analysis of XPS and Raman measurement, the relation between the size of Si NCs and the thickness of Si-rich SiN x is discussed.

We discover the transition phenomenon of two kinds of different resistive switching behaviors in SiOx based Pt/SiOx/Pt devices with different x component. When x 0.95, the operations do not need a current compliance and Vreset is higher than Vset. We use the silicon dangling bonds (Si-DBs) percolation model to explain the x dependent transition phenomenon. The microstructural transitions of tetrahedral Si-O configurations and related Si-DBs in as-deposited SiOx films with different x and the hopping conductance of low-resistance-states support our model.

The unipolar resistive switches are investigated in silicon highly rich SiOx (x 1.8) based devices, our Pt/SiO0.73/Pt devices operate at lower voltage regime (

Objective To study the effects of dexmedetomidine on cerebral injury, inflammation, oxidative stress and renal function of patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 complicated with acute cerebral hemorrhage. Methods A total of 98 cases who had been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 complicated with acute cerebral hemorrhage and treated with interventional therapy in Xin Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine from September 2014 January 2016 were chosen to be our study subjects. Among them, 50 cases given dexmedetomidine treatment in the process of anesthesia were included in the dexmedetomidine group (Group A), while the other 48 cases treated with equal amount of normal saline were considered as the negative control group. The postoperative cerebral injury indexes and the serum biochemical indexes were detected after 24 h. Results The contents of serum S100β [(2.1 ± 0.2) μg/L] and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) [(14.2 ± 1.3) μg/mL] in Group A were all significantly lower than serum S100β [(2.9 ± 0.3) μg/L] and NSE [(16.6 ± 1.7) μg/mL] of patients in negative control group. The contents of cerebrospinal fluid S100β [(0.9 ± 0.1) μg/L] and NSE [(10.7 ± 1.3) μg/mL] in Group A were all significantly lower than cerebrospinal fluid S100β [(1.3 ± 0.2) μg/L] and NSE [(15.3 ± 1.7) μg/mL] of patients in negative control group. The contents of erythrocyte sedimentation rate [(11.7 ± 2.5) mm/h], c-reactive protein [(2.3 ± 0.4) mg/L], urea nitrogen [(10.7 ± 1.2) mmol/L] and serum creatinine [(151.6 ± 14.9)] μmol/L in Group A were all significantly lower than erythrocyte sedimentation rate [(23.6 ± 3.8) mm/h], c-reactive protein [(6.9 ± 1.1) mg/L], urea nitrogen [(16.7 ± 1.7) mmol/L] and serum creatinine [(192.5 ± 18.3)] μmol/L of patients in negative control group. Conclusions The application of dexmedetomidine in the interventional therapy of diabetes mellitus type 2 complicated with acute cerebral hemorrhage could protect brain and renal functions and reduce systemic inflammatory responses.

In the cut-and-fill mining systems the most characteristic property of the fill materials usually is nonlinear dependence of its relative shrinkage on the pressure which acts on it. The relation between the u and p well represented by an approximation of the form: The nonlinear Navier's equation due to the nonlinear materials can be analysed by Kirchoff's transformation. In this paper the cut-and-fill mining systems will be analysed by transforming the nonlinear bondary element method to linear one and some example will be presented