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Based on SEM, FT-IR and XRD characterization, the catalyst Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC (ratio 1:1:1:3) was calcined at a temperature of 550°C and a calcination time of 3 h. The catalyst is applied to the catalytic wet oxidation treatment of difficult-to-biodegradable organic waste-water. By the characterization of the catalyst before and after the reuse, it is verified that the SEM morphologis of the catalyst changed little, and the groups contained in the catalyst characterized by FT-IR hardly changed, and the XRD characteristic peaks did not change. From the SEM photos of the catalyst before and after use, the morphology of the catalyst does not change much, and the agglomerated support on the catalyst surface is slightly reduced; the absorption peaks of the FI-IR spectrum of the catalyst before and after use are not significantly different, indicating that the functional groups contained in the catalyst have not changed significantly; After using the catalyst, compared with before use, the characteristic peak shape of each characteristic diffraction did not change significantly. The results show that the catalyst Pd-Fe-Co-Ce/FSC (ratio 1:1:1:3) revealed a stable catalyst performance in the process of CWAO for the treatment of difficult-to-biodegradable organic waste-water.

Warburgia ugandensis Sprague (WU) is a traditional medicinal plant used for the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, in Africa. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) activities of WU against A549 cells and to reveal potential molecular mechanisms. The cytotoxicity of various WU extracts was evaluated with HeLa (cervical cancer), HepG2 (liver cancer), HT-29 (colorectal cancer), and A549 (non-small cell lung cancer) cells by means of Sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. Therein, the dimethyl carbonate extract of WU (WUD) was tested with the most potent anti-proliferative activity against the four cancer cell lines, and its effects on cell viability, cell cycle progression, DNA damage, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression levels of G0/G1-related proteins in A549 cells were further examined. First, it was found that WUD inhibited the proliferation of A549 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. In addition, WUD induced G0/G1 phase arrest and modulated the expression of G0/G1 phase-associated proteins Cyclin D1, Cyclin E1, and P27 in A549 cells. Furthermore, WUD increased the protein abundance of P27 by inhibiting FOXO3A/SKP2 axis-mediated protein degradation and also significantly induced the γH2AX expression and intracellular ROS generation of A549 cells. It was also found that the inhibitory effect of WUD on the proliferation and G0/G1 cell cycle progression of A549 cells could be attenuated by NAC, a ROS scavenger. On the other hand, phytochemical analysis of WUD with UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS indicated 10 sesquiterpenoid compounds. In conclusion, WUD exhibited remarkable anti-proliferative effects on A549 cells by improving the intracellular ROS level and by subsequently modulating the cell proliferation and G0/G1 cell cycle progression of A549 cells. These findings proved the good therapeutic potential of WU for the treatment of NSCLC.

Carissa spinarum Linn. has been utilized both in the food industry and as a traditional medicine for various ailments, while the responsible chemical components and action mechanisms of its antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities remain unclear. In this work, at least 17 quinic acid derivatives as potential ligands for the superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme from Carissa&nbsp, spinarum L. were screened out using the bio-affinity ultrafiltration with liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (UF–LC/MS), and 12 of them (1–12), including, three new ones (1–3), were further isolated by phytochemical methods and identified by high resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) and extensive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. All of these isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant activities by the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. As a result, compounds 4 and 6–11 displayed similar or better antioxidant activities compared to vitamin C, which is in good agreement with the bio-affinity ultrafiltration with SOD enzyme. Then, these compounds, 4 and 6–11, with better antioxidant activity were further explored to protect the L02 cells from H2O2-induced oxidative injury by reducing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) production and activating the SOD enzyme. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to use an efficient ultrafiltration approach with SOD for the rapid screening and identification of the SOD ligands directly from a complex crude extract of Carissa spinarum, and to reveal its corresponding active compounds with good antioxidative and hepatoprotective activities.

Carissa spinarum has been traditionally used for the treatment of various diseases due to its different pharmacological activities. However, the active compounds responsible for its potentially specific activities have rarely been explored. To this end, the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction was screened out and selected for further phytochemical isolation because of its promising activities in preliminary 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and COX-2 inhibition assays. As a result, 10 compounds (1−10), including a new one (5), were isolated, with eight of these being identified as phenolic compounds, as expected. Compound 9 possessed an IC50 value of 16.5 ± 1.2 µM, which was lower than that of positive control (vitamin C, 25.5 ± 0.3 µM) in the DPPH assay, and compounds 2, 6, 7 and 9 showed better total antioxidant capacity than vitamin C in the FRAP assay. Meanwhile, compounds 1−6 and 9 also had IC50 values of less than 1.0 µM, which was even better than the positive control indomethacin in the COX-2 inhibition assay. In this context, compounds 2 and 9 were further evaluated to exhibit clear hepatoprotective activities by improving the L02 cell viability and reducing ROS production using a H2O2-induced L02 cell injury model. This study provides initial evidence revealing the most potent phenolic compounds from the root bark of C. spinarum responsible for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective activities.

Warburgia ugandensis, also known as “green heart,” is widely used for the treatment of various diseases as a traditional ethnomedicinal plant in local communities in Africa. In this work, 9 and 12 potential superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) ligands from W. ugandensis were quickly screened out by combining SOD and XOD affinity ultrafiltration with LC-MS, respectively. In this way, four new lignanamides (compounds 11-14) and one new macrocyclic glycoside (compound 5), along with three known compounds (compounds 1, 3, and 7), were isolated and identified firstly in this species. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Among these compounds, compound 14 showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, and total ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) with IC50 values of 6.405 ± 0.362 µM, 5.381 ± 0.092 µM, and 17.488 ± 1.625 mmol TE/g, respectively. Moreover, compound 14 displayed the highest inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with IC50 value of 0.123 ± 0.004 µM, and the ranking order of other compounds’ IC50 values was 13 &gt, 11 &gt, 7 &gt, 1 &gt, 12. The present study suggested that lignanamides might represent interesting new characteristic functional components of W. ugandensis to exert remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, compound 14, a new arylnaphthalene lignanamide, would be a highly potential natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent from W. ugandensis.

Many species belonging to the genus Echinops are widely used in traditional medicine to treat infectious diseases and cancers. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial and antiproliferative properties of Echinops lanceolatus Mattf. (Asteraceae). The activity of the methanolic extract and subsequent partition fractions was investigated against drug-resistant bacteria (Gram-negative and Gram-positive) and human tumor cell lines using broth microdilution and sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, respectively. Our findings revealed weak to moderate antibacterial activities of tested extracts, with the recorded minimal inhibitory concentrations ranging from 256 to 1024 &micro, g/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction (EL-EA) was found to be the most effective. Likewise, that fraction displayed strong antiproliferative potential with recorded IC50 of 8.27 &micro, g/mL and 28.27 &micro, g/mL on A549 and HeLa cells, respectively. An analysis based on the ultra-performance liquid chromatography&ndash, electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC&ndash, ESI&ndash, MS/MS) of the EL-EA fraction allowed the identification of 32 compounds, of which quinic acid and derivatives, cinnamic acid derivatives, dihydrokaempferol, naringenin-7-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-D-glucoside, naringin, apigenin, rhoifolin, coniferyl aldehyde, and secoisolariciresinol are well-known compounds of biological importance. This study is first to report on the biological activity and phytochemical profile of E. lanceolatus. We provide a baseline to consider E. lanceolatus as a valuable source of anti-infective and antiproliferative agents.

Two pairs of new sesquineolignan enantiomers (1a/1b and 1c/1d), two pair of new 4′,7-epoxy-8,3′-neolignan enantiomers (2a/2b and 3a/3b), and a pair of new 3′,7-epoxy-8,4′-oxyneolignan enantiomers (4a/4b), along with two pairs of known 4′,7-epoxy-8,3′-neolignan enantiomers (5a/5b and 6a/6b), were obtained from the stems and leaves of Triadica sebifera. The structures of the enantiomers were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses, and their absolute configurations were assigned by the experimental ECD spectra. Among them, compounds 5b, 6a and 6b showed inhibitory activities against NO production in activated microglial BV-2 cells, with IC50 values of 14.3, 23.2 and 33.3 μM, respectively.

Hagenia abyssinica (Bruce) J. F. Gmel. is a multipurpose dioecious tree that has been used to treat various ailments, for example, the flowers of H. abyssinica have been widely used as a tea to treat intestinal parasites by local residents and the roots of H. abyssinica could also be used for anticancer purposes. Antioxidant activity could be one of the most important pathways to suppress cancer and there is hardly any information available on the specific chemical components corresponding to the bioactivities of H. abyssinica to date. The present study intended to screen and evaluate the antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of five different fractions from H. abyssinica along with their corresponding total flavonoid and phenolic contents and then further identify those compounds with the most potent antioxidant and anti-proliferative activities using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The total flavonoid and phenolic content assays showed that the ethyl acetate (EA) fraction of H. abyssinica had higher flavonoid and phenolic levels than the other four fractions. Furthermore, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) superoxide radical scavenging abilities, total antioxidant capacity (TAC) assay with 2,2&rsquo, azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were measured to evaluate the antioxidant activities of the five fractions and some pure compounds isolated from the EA fraction, which displayed higher antioxidant properties than that of the other fractions. Caffeic acid from the EA fraction showed even stronger DPPH scavenging ability (IC50 7.858 &plusmn, 0.31 &micro, g/mL) than that of Vc (IC50 8.27 &plusmn, 0.11 &micro, g/mL) as the positive control. The anti-proliferative properties of four fractions and the ethanol extract were evaluated by the 3-(4,5)-dimethylthiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide (MTT) assay and the EA fraction exhibited higher anti-proliferative activities against three cancer cell lines than that of the other fractions. Additionally, the compounds with good antioxidant activity from the EA fraction of H. abyssinica were screened and identified using LC-MS and NMR and were also found to possess good anti-proliferative activity. In the MTT assay, the quercetin showed the strongest dose-dependent anti-proliferative activities to colon cancer cells (HT-29) and liver cancer cells (HepG2) among all of the compounds isolated. This study provided valuable information on the synergistic antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties of H. abyssinica.

Coal spontaneous combustion (CSC) has a devastating effect on the environment and human health. CSC primarily involves oxygen-lean oxidation and combustion states. In this study, to investigate the evolution of the coal microstructure during CSC in an oxygen-lean atmosphere, coal for oxygen-lean combustion was obtained and combusted at characteristic temperatures by using an independently developed electric tube furnace. Through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, the relative contents of the active functional group of the initial-state oxidation coal were explored, and the main active functional groups, namely aromatic hydrocarbon, the oxygen functional group, aliphatic hydrocarbon, and the hydroxyl group, with the characteristic temperature, were determined. The sensitivities of different active functional groups to oxygen concentrations were analysed. In practice, a 10 vol% oxygen concentration was the key factor, inhibiting and promoting various active functional groups and exhibiting distinct dominance at various stages. Finally, the oxygen concentrations affected the gas concentration release characteristics, thereby determining the correlation degree of the key group and the oxygen concentration, as well as verifying the oxygen concentration sensitivity of the microstructure. The groups highly correlated with CSC characteristic parameters were mainly –CH2 and –CH3. The research results suggested remarkable explanatory potential to further elucidate the evolution of microstructures in oxygen-lean CSC.

The molecular repertoire of porcine alveolar macrophages (PAMs) is greatly affected by the microenvironment they are exposed to, and specifically by inflammatory cytokines, such as interferon gamma (IFN-γ) released by activated lymphocytes, and microbial products, such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In our previous study, we found that IFN-γ- and LPS-activated PAMs (M1) could inhibit porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) replication. In this study, comprehensive analysis of the expression profiles of the genes associated with the polarization of M0-type PAMs (resting) toward M1 phenotypes (activated by IFN-γ and LPS) led to the following main results: 1) 1551 and 1823 genes were upregulated or downregulated in M1-type PAMs, respectively, compared with M0-type PAMs; 2) Among these, genes encoding ASS1 and CRTAM were the most upregulated and downregulated, respectively; 3) Genes involved in cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction and the JAK/STAT signaling pathway were significantly upregulated, suggesting their critical role in cellular activation; and 4) Genes involved in antigen proteolysis and presentation (immunoproteasome subunits), and inhibition of virus replication (host restriction factors) were significantly upregulated, emphasizing the critical role of these cytokines in immunity. Thus, our results provide important information for future studies on the role of PAM polarization in modulation of infection.

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) remains incurable and new treatments are needed, especially in the relapsed/refractory setting. We therefore investigated the effects of carfilzomib, a novel, long-acting, second-generation proteasome inhibitor, in MCL cells. Eight established MCL cell lines and freshly isolated primary MCL cells were treated with carfilzomib. Cell proliferation was assessed by a 3H-thymidine incorporation assay. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry with annexin V and propidium iodide. Electrophoresis mobility shift (EMSA), Western blot, and luciferase assays were used to analyze NF-κB activation and related signaling proteins. Carfilzomib inhibited growth and induced apoptosis in both established MCL cell lines and freshly isolated primary MCL cells in a dose-dependent manner. In contrast, carfilzomib was less toxic to normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy individuals. The carfilzomib-induced apoptosis of MCL cells occurred in a caspase-dependent manner through both intrinsic and extrinsic caspase pathways. In addition, carfilzomib inhibited constitutive activation of the NF-κB signaling cascade, both in MCL cell lines and primary MCL cells, by completely blocking the phosphorylation of IκBα. Our results demonstrate that carfilzomib can induce growth arrest and apoptosis in MCL cells and that the mechanism may involve the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Engleromyces goetzei P. Henn. (E. goetzei) has been widely used as a traditional herb for many years in Kenya due to its diverse biological effects. Although engleromycin was first isolated from E. goetzei in 1980, its pharmacological activity is still unknown. In this study, engleromycin from E. goetzei was identified by spectroscopic analyses, and subsequently examined for its antiproliferative activity using human cancer cell lines of SGC-7901, HT-29, HeLa and A549. As a result, it was revealed that engleromycin strongly inhibited the growth of SGC-7901, HT-29, HeLa and A549 cells with IC50 values at 26.77 ± 1.69 µM, 7.73 ± 0.18 µM, 7.00 ± 0.12 µM and 3.14 ± 0.03 µM, respectively. The results of topoisomerase II (Top II) inhibition assay in vitro implied that engleromycin might be a Top II inhibitor. Further insights into the potential mechanism of antiproliferative activity displayed that engleromycin could dock into the binding pockets of Top II, like the clinical inhibitor doxorubicin, and then inhibit the biological activity of Top II. Taken together, our findings suggest that engleromycin has an anticancer potential, and may serve as a leading compound for the development of antitumor agents.

BackgroundInhibition of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) pathway improves the neurological outcome in the transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAO) animal model. In this study we analyzed the microRNAs profile targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes and its response to NOX2/4 inhibitor VAS2870 to understand the mechanisms of this protective effect.MethodsThe intraluminal filament tMCAO model was established in hyperglycemic rats (n=106) with 5 hours ischemia followed by 19 hours reperfusion. NOX inhibitor VAS2870 was delivered intravenously before reperfusion. Infarct volume, hemorrhagic transformation, and mortality were determined at 24 hours after cerebral ischemia. MicroRNAs profile targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes were predicted by microRNA databases and further evaluated by microRNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR.ResultsTen microRNAs potentially targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes (including microRNA-29a, microRNA-29c, microRNA-126a, microRNA-132, microRNA-136, microRNA-138, microRNA-139, microRNA-153, microRNA-337, and microRNA-376a) were significantly downregulated in the ischemic hemisphere in the tMCAO group compared with the sham-operated group, as shown by microRNA microarray and quantitative RT-PCR (all pConclusionsSeveral microRNAs potentially targeting NOX2 and NOX4 genes displayed altered levels in hyperglycemic rats with the tMCAO model, suggesting their regulatory roles and targeting potentials for acute ischemic stroke treatment. Targeting specific microRNAs may represent a novel intervention opportunity to improve outcome and reduce hemorrhagic transformation after mechanical reperfusion for acute ischemic stroke.

Two new coumarinolignoids, sapiumins D (1) and E (2), a new lignanoid, lariciresinol 9′-benzoate (3), together with six known coumarinolignoids (4–9) and eight known lignanoids (10–17), were isolated from the stems and leaves of Sapium discolor. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, including NMR, MS, and single crystal X-ray diffraction experiments. Compounds 5, 10, 11, and 13 significantly inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-induced BV-2 microglial cells, with IC50 values in the range of 2.13–11.37 μM.

Seventeen compounds, including three new pairs of coumarinolignoid enantiomers, (7' S,8' S)-sapiumins A-C (1a-3a) and (7' R,8' R)-sapiumins A-C (1b-3b), six new taraxerane triterpenoids, sapiumic acids A-F (4-9), and five known taraxerane triterpenoids (10-14), were isolated from an ethanol extract prepared from the stems and leaves of Sapium discolor. The structures of 1-9 and their relative configurations were determined by spectroscopic data analysis, and the absolute configurations of the coumarinolignoids 1a/1b-3a/3b and triterpenoids 6-9 were assigned using experimental and calculated ECD data. Compounds 1a/1b-3a/3b are the first coumarinolignoids to be reported from the genus Sapium. Among all the isolates, compounds 1b, 2a/2b, 3a/3b, and 6-9 inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells, with IC50 values of 1.7-15.3 μM.

CuO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was used to deal with the waste leachate in CWAO technology of, and the SEM and TEM characterization showed: active component in the surface of the carrier distribution is uniform; In CWAO process, six factors, based on the CODCr removal rate and turbidity removal rate, the biggest impact factor is reaction temperature, and the influence factors of the top three were reaction temperature, catalyst dosage and reaction time. The influence factors of those in the bottom three are influent water pH, oxygen partial pressure, stirring intensity, and three factors of influence on the strength is close. Optimizing operation process, in order: reaction temperature of 200 °C, catalyst dosage of 1.5 g, oxygen partial pressure of 2.0 MPa, stirring intensity 800 rpm, influent water pH of 7.0, the reaction time of 70 min.

MYB transcription factors play critical roles in plant development and stress responses. Our objective was to characterize a role of AtMYB20 (AT1G66230) in regulating the ABA-dependent adaptive response to desiccation stress in Arabidopsis. Sequencing analysis revealed that there is a site located on the AtMYB20 transcript which is potentially base-paired by miR858. To avoid the possible cleavage, a vector with a miR858-resistant version of AtMYB20 under the CaMV 35S promoter (35S:m5AtMYB20) was constructed. The AtMYB20 knock-out mutant myb20 was applied to identifying AtMYB20 functions. While AtMYB20 was induced by high levels of NaCl, its expression was suppressed by desiccation and cold stresses and abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. Compared with wild-type, AtMYB20 over-expression (35S:m5AtMYB20) seedlings were susceptible to desiccation, whereas MYB20 loss of function mutant myb20 plants displayed resistance to desiccation stress. 35S:m5AtMYB20 plants were less sensitive to ABA, but myb20 mutants were hypersensitive to ABA. This could be validated by the experiment in which treatment with 10 μM ABA for 2 h resulted in constant stomatal opening on leaves of 35S:m5AtMYB20 plants but stomatal closure on myb20 mutant plants. Expression of ABA- and drought stress-responsive marker genes (e.g. ABI3-5 and ABF3-4) was up-regulated in myb20 plants but down-regulated in 35S:m5AtMYB20 plants. AtMYB20 acts as a negative regulator of plant response to desiccation stress in an ABA-dependent manner.

The landfill leachate belongs to typical high concentration and organic pollutant wastewater. In this study, Landfill leachate was treated with Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) method. The monitoring indicators consist of CODCr, absorbance, pH and chroma. The results show that the activity of the catalysts arrange from high to low: Co (NO3)2, Cu (NO3)2, Fe (NO3)3, CuSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, Mn (NO3)2, FeSO4, Zn (NO3)2, Bi (NO3)3, Zr (NO3)2, Ni (NO3)2; For the same kind of metal, the catalytic activity of nitrates is higher than that of sulfates; Relative to the distribution of catalyst, the activity of Co (NO3)2 is the strongest. With the optimized catalyst Co (NO3)2 , the landfill leachate has been treated. With the extension of reaction time, the effluent CODCr, absorbance and chroma reduced, but the wastewater biodegradability indicator B/C improved. At the reaction time of 90 min, the CODCr of landfill leachate reduced to 7176 mg/L, and the absorbance and the chroma reduced to 9.1 and 1600 times, respectively. The above results show that the activity of catalyst Co (NO3)2 is high, and the biochemical indicators B/C of wastewater is higher than the critical value of 0.3. Therefore, the treated wastewater shows the good biodegradability, and the chosen catalyst of Co (NO3)2 presents the high activity.

Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) is one of advanced oxidation methods about organic wastewater treatment, and the treatment effect of high concentration organic wastewater is remarkable with this method. In this study, the influence factors of the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure and the influent pH were researched on the treatment of the printing and dyeing wastewater with Cu-Fe-La/FSC catalyst, by the single factor experiments and Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) method. Then the catalysts were evaluated by two aspects of the activity and stability. The results show that: with the increase of the reaction temperatures and the reaction pressures, and with the decrease of the influent pH, the CODCrremoval rate improved and the effluent pH reduced. However, the amount of dissolution catalyst components increased with the improvement of treatment effect and the extension of reaction time. By weighing the activity and stability of the catalysts, the optimized reaction temperature, the reaction pressure and the influent pH are 180 °C, 2.5 MPa and 7.25, respectively. Under the optimized operating conditions, the printing and dyeing wastewater with CODCrof 2000 mg/L reaches the CODCrremoval rate of 78.2%, and the dissolvedC[Cu] andC[Fe] of the catalysts are 12.2 and 10.9 mg/L, respectively. Therefore, the catalyst Cu-Fe-La/FSC presents the high activity and stability.

the landfill leachate was disposed by Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation (CWAO) method, and the monitoring indexes include CODCr, decolorization and pH. The results showed that the CODCr removal rate and the decolorization rate of landfill leachate increased with the increase of reaction temperature and reaction pressure. However, they first rose then reduced with the increase of catalyst dosage. Under the condition of the catalyst concentration 300 mg/L of Co (NO3)2, at the reaction pressure of 3.5 MPa and the reaction temperature of 180 °C, the CODCr removal rate and the decolorization rate reached 56.8% and 83.7%, respectively, and pH was 8.45 at the reaction time of 90 min.

Poly (amidoanime) (PAMAM) dendrimers contain numerous amino-terminal groups and are highly hydrophilic. These terminal groups make PAMAM molecules adsorbed onto graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets through electrostatic action with oxygen containing groups on graphene oxide nanosheets. The PAMAM molecules react with GO, and form stable aqueous suspension of modified reduced graphene oxide (RGO).

An green method to reduce graphene oxide (RGO) was developed by using polysaccharide as both a reducing agent and a stabilizing agent. The RGO was characterized and the factors that affect the reduction of graphene oxide (GO) were explored to obtain optimum reaction conditions. Analysis shows that GO can be reduced at a comparatively low temperature by polysaccharide and forms a stable RGO aqueous dispersion owing to the dispersion of polysaccharide. This approach provides a new green method for GO reduction that has great value for graphene applications.

The removal of the metal ions in the ceramic printing wastewater was influenced by using, stirring and precipitating of the solution pH, coagulant PAC, coagulant aid PAM and heavy metal scavenger. This experiment investigated the removal effect of the metal ions in the wastewater under different conditions. Flame atomic absorption spectrometry was adopted for the determination of the concentration of metal ions in the wastewater. The studies have shown that alkalization, PAC coagulation treatment have a role in the removal of metal ions in the ceramic printing wastewater. And the chromium and iron removal rate can reached 74.0% and 61.6% respectively. Heavy metal scavenger also have a better role in the removal of metal ions. And the chromium and iron removal rates were 82.3% and 76.2% respectively without dosing PAC. The number of reaction cell has no significant effect on the removal of metal ions.

Investigated the influence of absorbency, turbidity and suspended substance in printing wastewater treatment by regulating the pH value of water treatment. Firstly, was acidified the wastewater samples to 5, 4, 3, 2, then alkalize them to 8、9、10、11、12. Calculated decolorization removal, turbidity removal and the suspended substance removal. The results show that, the decolorization removal and the turbidity removal were low after acidification. While after alkalized treatment the decolorization removal and the turbidity removal were all rise. The decolorization removal and turbidity removal increased following with the increase of pH of samples that first acidified and then alkalized. And it was the most obvious when the pH was 12. When the wastewater samples first acidized the pH to 4 and then alkalized the pH to 12, the dispose effects was the best. In these conditions, the decolorization removal and turbidity removal could reach 57.7 % and 72.8 %. After acidification, the suspended solids removal came down followed with the rise of pH value. As the water samples in same acidification value and then alkalized, with the increase of pH, the suspended solids removal first rose and then came down. It could get the best dispose effects at the pH 11, the suspended solids removal could reach 41.4 %.

BackgroundSevere hemorrhagic transformation (HT) after mechanical thrombectomy predicts a poor clinical outcome in acute ischemic stroke. To better understand the mechanism of HT, we investigated the role of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase (NOX) in HT after reperfusion during acute stroke and whether NOX2/4 inhibitor VAS2870 reduces reperfusion-induced HT after mechanical recanalization.MethodsA model of reperfusion-induced HT was established in rats (n=182) with hyperglycemic challenge and 5 h middle cerebral artery occlusion followed by 19 h reperfusion. NOX inhibitor VAS2870 was delivered intravenously 30 min before reperfusion. Infarct volume, brain water content, HT, neurological score, mortality rate, blood–brain barrier (BBB) damage, neuronal apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species were determined at 24 h after cerebral ischemia. The expressions of NOX1, NOX2, NOX4, and BBB-associated proteins were measured.ResultsNOX2 and NOX4 upregulation and severe HT were observed in hyperglycemic rats after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. VAS2870 suppressed oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis, and NOX2/4 upregulation in the ischemic hemisphere. VAS2870 reduced infarct volume (17.2±5.3% vs 37.4±9.2%, pConclusionsNOX2 and NOX4 may mediate HT in rats with large vessel stroke after mechanical reperfusion. Infusion of NOX inhibitor VAS2870 before mechanical thrombectomy represents a novel adjunctive therapeutic strategy to prevent reperfusion-induced HT and improve outcome of acute stroke treatment.

Burkitt lymphoma (BL) has been reported to be strongly associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. The fact that EBV is generally present in cancer cells but rarely found in healthy cells represents an opportunity for targeted cancer therapy. One approach is to activate the lytic replication cycle of the latent EBV. Nuclear factor (NF)-κB is thought to play an essential role in EBV lytic infection. Elevated NF-κB levels inhibit EBV lytic replication. Parthenolide (PN) is a sesquiterpene lactone found in medicinal plants, particularly in feverfew (Tanacetum parthenium). The aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of PN on the survival of Raji EBV-positive lymphoma cells. Raji cells were treated with 0, 4 or 6 µmol/l PN for 48 h. MTT assay and western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the findings. Results showd that PN suppressed the growth of the EBV-positive BL cell line, Raji, and activated the transcription of BZLF1 and BRLF1 by inhibiting NF-κB activity. Most notably, when PN was used in combination with ganciclovir (GCV), the cytotoxic effect of PN was amplified. These data suggest that the induction of lytic EBV infection with PN in combination with GCV may be a viral‑targeted therapy for EBV-associated BL.

It’s an effective ways to hydraulic-cutting seam for drainage that solves gas disaster and prevents impact pressure in mining. In order to get the seepage rule and productivity prediction of hydraulic-cutting for coal-bed methane(CBM) mining, the theory of seepage mechanics combined with elastic-plastic mechanics was used to set up a mathematical model and the boundary conditions and initial conditions was given meanwhile. The Matlab software was used to obtain the variation rule of coal-bed stress field, gas pressure field and gas extraction yield. The simulation results show that the effective stress is released after hydraulic-cutting seam used and the effect of unload is obvious along seam; the numbers of crack and fracture increases and the length and width of crack and fracture improve. So the permeability of coal seam enhanced and the absorbed gas disorpted greatly from coal seam because of the increase of contact area. The extraction yield of gas is bigger to hydraulic-cutting seam than conventional drilling. The simulation results show the advantage of hydraulic-cutting seam for CBM extraction and the method of simulation is significant to the execution project and productivity prediction of hydraulic-cutting seam for CBM industrial production increasing technology.

Calcium sulfate/hydroxyapatie (CaSO4/HA) composite bone fillers were fabricated through molding method. Their structure and properties were characterized by infrared spectroscope, scanning electronic spectroscope, x-ray diffraction and degradation test. The results show that HA crystals were attached to the CaSO4 crystals and prevented the growing of sulfate crystals. So their size is shorter than that of CaSO4 crystals prepared from pure CaSO4 semihydrate, and some even had defect. The resorption rate of CaSO4 bone fillers was decreased when HA was incorporated.

Plaster of Pairs is a common used implanting material. However, its rapid degradation or drug releasing rate as a bone filler or drug carrier does not meet the requirement of clinic application. In this paper, plaster of Pairs bone fillers loaded with drug was prepared and their degradation and the drug release period were adjusted by coating their surface with polymers. The results show that the structure of coatings can effectively control the degradation period of the bone fillers, and consequently the drug release rate.

Succade wastewater, which was produced in manufacturing process, was treated with two kinds of coagulating agents PAC and ferrous sulfate. The influences of pH, concentration of coagulating agent on COD value, turbidity have been studied. The results of the experiments have shown that for ferrous sulfate, there is an obvious positive correlation, but no significant relation with turbidity removal rate was presented in the statistics; As for PAC, the turbidity declined significantly as PAC dosage increases, only when pH=5 that COD removal rate shows a clear positive correlation with PAC dosage.

Key words：Atmospheric and vacuum; distillation; process; pollution Abstract：The atmospheric and vacuum distillation unit was analysed on the device's size, composition, technical route and process. The results show that the flue gas produced by atmospheric and vacuum furnace is the main emission source, and the main pollutants in the flue gas are SO2, NOX and soot. The wastewater pollution is mainly electric desalting salt water, and it was treated in saline wastewater treatment plant in the factory.

Paper black liquor with the colour five million times and COD concentration 7028 mg/L were researched with CWAO method. The single factor experiment to determine the papermaking black liquor reaction pressure influence on process were done. When the reaction pressure is increased 3.5Mpa by 1.5Mpa, the best decolored rate is up to 46.41% and 61.05% accordingly. the removal rate of COD is up to 40.24% and 62.31%, The same phenomenon also appeared in the PH and turbidity removal rate. The results show that wastewater decolored rate improve with the reaction pressure adding and reaction time extend. The COD removal rate, water turbidity removal rate, pH in different time periods with the increasing with the increasement of reaction pressure, and different degree improvements were displayed.

By adjusting the pH of wastewater, the preserved fruit wastewater was treated by applied Coagulation and sedimentation-SBR composite process. The results of the experiments have shown that the treating effect was superior when the pH was 5. COD removal rate was 7.52%, turbidity removal rate was 25.59%, and decolorization rate was 15.46%; The treating effect was superior on using 200 mg/L of PAC when the preserved fruit wastewater was treated by PAC. COD removal rate was 23.56%, turbidity removal rate was 86.64%, and decolorization rate was 71.58%. Chromaticity declined from 400 Pt-Co to 50 Pt-Co; In the course of composite process, SBR was used as secondary treatment after the primary treatment. The effect on turbidity removal rate, decolorization rate and Chromaticity were very little, but COD removal rate had reached at 45.18%.

PFS coagulation sedimentation method of high concentration ceramic wastewater. As turbidity, absorbance removal, conductivity haracterization to determine the PFS reagents. Comparison of different reaction conditions, the turbidity removal, color removal, conductivity, optimal operating conditions to determine the dosage of PFS. Experiment, the ceramic waste water 300 mL, stirring time for 5 mins, settling time is 30 mins, first set the PFS amount of 500–2000 mg / L, then the more the amount of PFS, the worse the treatment effect; then set the amount of PFS 40–280 mg / L, the amount of PFS in the 100–130 mg / L, treatment is better; the last set PFS amount of 100–130 mg / L, PFS determines the most appropriate dosage, and the results show that, PFS appropriate dosage of 105 mg / L, turbidity removal rate of 93.8%, 98.0% removal rate of absorbance, electrical conductivity of 92.7%.

In order to obtain solid phase time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay chelate of new type, 4,4'-di (p-aminophenylethynyl)-6,6'-bis(N,N-bis(ethoxycarbonylmethyl) amino methyl)-2,2'-bipyridine and 4, 4'-di (p-aminophenylethynyl) -6,6'-bis(N, N-bis (t-butoxycarbonyl- methyl) amino methyl) -2,2'-bipyridine were synthesized from 4, 4'-dinitro-2, 2'-bipyridine-6, 6'-dimethyl bis (trifluoroacetate) by four steps hydrolyzation, bromination, esterification and substitution. The structures of the compounds were charactered by differential scanning calorimetry,, infrared spectroscopy, H-1 NMR and high resolution mass spectrometry. The properties and functions of the compounds were studied and compared.