1. Sphaeropsidin A: A Pimarane Diterpene with Interesting Biological Activities and Promising Practical Applications
- Author
-
Antonio Evidente, Marco Masi, Masi, Marco, and Evidente, Antonio
- Subjects
Antifungal Agents ,Pimarane diterpene ,biological activity ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Biochemistry ,Antineoplastic Agent ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ascomycota ,Cupressus sempervirens ,Botany ,Antifungal Agent ,Diplodia cupressi ,Cypress ,Mode of action ,Molecular Biology ,Cell specific ,Molecular Structure ,biology ,Microbial Sensitivity Test ,Organic Chemistry ,potential practical application ,Phytotoxin ,Diplodia ,biology.organism_classification ,chemistry ,natural analogues and semisynthetic derivative ,Molecular Medicine ,sphaeropsidin A ,Diterpenes ,Diterpene - Abstract
Sphaeropsidin A (SphA) is a tetracyclic pimarane diterpene, first isolated as the main phytotoxin produced by Diplodia cupressi the causal agent of a severe canker disease of Italian cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L.). It was also produced, together with several analogues, by different pathogenic Diplodia species and other fungi and showed a broad array of biological activities suggesting its promising application in agriculture and medicine. The anticancer activity of SphA is very potent and cell specific. Recent studies have revealed its unique mode of action. This minireview reports the structures of SphA and its family of natural analogues, their biosynthetic origins, their fungal sources, and biological activities. The preparation of various SphA derivatives is also described as well as the results of structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and on their potential practical applications.
- Published
- 2021