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Phaeocystis globosa (P. globosa) is a unique causative species of harmful algal blooms, which can form gelatinous colonies. We, for the first time, used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements to identify P. globosa blooms and to quantify the biomass. Based on in situ measured remote sensing reflectance (Rrs), it is found that, for P. globosa blooms, the maximum of the second-derivative ( dλ²Rrs) of Rrs(λ) in the 460-480-nm domain is beyond 466 nm. An analysis of the absorption properties from algal cultures suggested that this feature comes from the absorption of chlorophyll c₃ (Chl-/ c₃) around 466 nm, a prominent feature of P. globosa. This position of dλ²Rrs maximum was, thus, selected as the criterion for P. globosa identification. The spatial extent of P. globosa blooms in two bays off southern China was then mapped by applying the criterion to UAV-measured Rrs. Twelve out of 16 UAV and in situ match-up stations were consistently identified as dominated by P. globosa, indicating the accuracy of 75%. Furthermore, using localized empirical models, chlorophyll a (Chl-/ a) concentration and colony numbers of P. globosa were estimated from UAV-derived Rrs, where P. globosa colonies were found in a range of ~3-37 gel matrix/L, indicating the occurrence of weak to moderate P. globosa blooms during the surveys. The promising results suggest a high potential for detection and quantification of P. globosa blooms in near-shore bays or harbors using UAV-based hyperspectral remote sensing, where conventional ocean color satellite remote sensing runs into difficulties.

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide. Because of the incapability of regeneration, the cardiomyocyte loss with MI is replaced by fibrotic scar tissue, which eventually leads to heart failure. Reconstructing regeneration of an adult human heart has been recognized as a promising strategy for cardiac therapeutics. A neonatal mouse heart, which possesses transient regenerative capacity at the first week after birth, represents an ideal model to investigate processes associated with cardiac regeneration. In this work, an integrated glycoproteomic and proteomic analysis was performed to investigate the differences in glycoprotein abundances and site-specific glycosylation between postneonatal day 1 (P1) and day 7 (P7) of mouse hearts. By large-scale profiling and quantifying more than 2900 intact N-glycopeptides in neonatal mouse hearts, we identified 227 altered N-glycopeptides between P1 and P7 hearts. By extracting protein changes from the global proteome data, the normalized glycosylation changes for site-specific glycans were obtained, which showed heterogeneity on glycosites and glycoproteins. Systematic analysis of the glycosylation changes demonstrated an overall upregulation of sialylation and core fucosylation in P7 mice. Notably, the upregulated sialylation was a comprehensive result of increased sialylated glycans with Neu5Gc, with both Neu5Gc and core fucose, and decreased sialylated glycans with Neu5Ac. The upregulated core fucosylation resulted from the increase of glycans containing both core fucose and Neu5Gc but not glycans containing sole core fucose. These data provide a valuable resource for future functional and mechanism studies on heart regeneration and discovery of novel therapeutic targets. All mass spectrometry proteomic data have been deposited to the ProteomeXchange Consortium via the PRIDE partner repository with the data set identifier PXD017139.

Glycosylation is one of the most important post-translational modifications of proteins and plays an essential role in spermatogenesis, maturation, extracellular quality control, capacitation, sperm-egg recognition, and final fertilization. Spermatozoa are synthesized in the testes inactively with a thick glycocalyx and passed through the epididymis for further modification by glycosylation, deglycosylation, and integration to reach maturation. Subsequently, sperm capacitation and further fertilization require redistribution of glycoconjugates and dramatic glycocalyx modification of the spermatozoa surface. Furthermore, glycoproteins and glycans in seminal plasma are functional in maintaining spermatozoa structure and stability. Therefore, aberrant glycosylation may cause alteration of semen function and even infertility. Currently, mass spectrometry-based technologies have allowed large-scale profiling of glycans and glycoproteins in human semen. Quantitative analysis of semen glycosylation has also indicated many involved glycoproteome issues in male infertility and the potential biomarkers for diagnosis of male infertility in clinical. This review summarizes the role of glycosylation during spermatozoa development, the large-scale profiling of glycome and glycoproteome in human semen, as well as the association of aberrant glycosylation with infertility.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still one of the malignant tumors with high morbidity and mortality in China and worldwide. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) as well as core fucosylated AFP-L3 have been widely used as important biomarkers for HCC diagnosis and evaluation, the AFP level shows a huge variation among HCC patient populations. In addition, the AFP level has also been proved to be associated with pathological grade, progression, and survival of HCC patients. Understanding the intrinsic heterogeneities of HCC associated with AFP levels is essential for the molecular mechanism studies of HCC with different AFP levels as well as for the potential early diagnosis and personalized treatment of HCC with AFP negative. In this study, an integrated N-glycoproteomic and proteomic analysis of low and high AFP levels of HCC tumors was performed to investigate the intrinsic heterogeneities of site-specific glycosylation associated with different AFP levels of HCC. By large-scale profiling and quantifying more than 4,700 intact N-glycopeptides from 20 HCC and 20 paired paracancer samples, we identified many commonly altered site-specific N-glycans from HCC tumors regardless of AFP levels, including decreased modifications by oligo-mannose and sialylated bi-antennary glycans, and increased modifications by bisecting glycans. By relative quantifying the intact N-glycopeptides between low and high AFP tumor groups, the great heterogeneities of site-specific N-glycans between two groups of HCC tumors were also uncovered. We found that several sialylated but not core fucosylated tri-antennary glycans were uniquely increased in low AFP level of HCC tumors, while many core fucosylated bi-antennary or hybrid glycans as well as bisecting glycans were uniquely increased in high AFP tumors. The data provide a valuable resource for future HCC studies regarding the mechanism, heterogeneities and new biomarker discovery.

Allenic amides are successfully developed as dipolarophiles to react with vinyl epoxides under Pd-catalysis. The chiral NHC showed its unique role as the ligand in this asymmetric [3 + 2] cycloaddition. Chiral tetrahydrofurans bearing three functional groups (monosubstituted alkene, tetrasubstituted enolether, and amide) and vicinal tertiary and quaternary stereocenters were obtained in high yields with high diastereo- and enantioselectivities.

To separate the azeotrope of 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (TFP) and water, the energy-saving heterogeneous azeotropic dividing-wall column (DWC) is proposed using chloroform as an azeotropic agent. Compared with the conventional design, the total condenser duty reduction of 44.57%, total reboiler duty reduction of 42.66% and TAC reduction of 37.79% by the DWC design are obtained. Based on the simulation results, the energy-saving in the DWC design is due to the thermal coupling of the conventional design and the separation of water by the decanter with the purity of 99.5 mol%, rather not to the removal of remixing effect for the column sequence. The control strategy performance for the conventional and DWC designs are satisfactory, since TFP and water are separated with high purity, despite the disturbances of the flow rate of fresh feed, fresh feed composition and liquid split ratio.

To separate the azeotrope of (allyl alcohol + water) by extractive distillation, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-methyl formamide and ethylene glycol were selected as extractive agents, and the isobaric VLE data for the binary systems of (allyl alcohol + N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone), (allyl alcohol + N-methyl formamide) and (allyl alcohol + ethylene glycol) were determined at 101.3 kPa by a modified Rose type recirculating still. The thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was checked by the Herington, van Ness, infinite dilution, and pure component consistency method. Meanwhile, the experimental data were correlated by the NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson activity coefficient models, and the binary interaction parameters of the three models were regressed. All the correlated results by the NRTL, UNIQUAC, and Wilson models agreed well with the experimental data. Furthermore, the extractive distillation processes with the extractive agents were presented to separate the azeotrope of (allyl alcohol + water).

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a major blood cancer with poor prognosis. New therapies are needed to target oncogene-driven leukemia stem cells, which account for relapse and resistance. Chromosome translocation t(8;21), which produces RUNX1-ETO (R-E) fusion oncoprotein, is found in ~13% AML. R-E dominance negatively inhibits global gene expression regulated by RUNX1, a master transcription factor for hematopoiesis, causing increased self-renewal and blocked cell differentiation of hematopoietic progenitor cells, and eventually leukemia initiation. Methods: Connectivity-Map followed by biological activity testing were used to identify candidate compounds that can inhibit R-E-mediated gene transcription. Molecular mechanistic studies were also performed. Results: Glucocorticoid drugs, such as betamethasone and dexamethasone, were found to exhibit potent and selective in vitro and in vivo activities against R-E leukemia, as well as strong synergy when combined with chemotherapeutics. Microarray analysis showed that treatment with glucocorticoids significantly inhibited R-E's activity and reactivated that of RUNX1. Such gene expression changes caused differentiation and apoptosis of R-E leukemia cells. Our studies also show a possible molecular mechanism for the targeted therapy. Upon treatment with a glucocorticoid drug, more glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was translocated into the nucleus and bound to DNA, including promoters of RUNX1 target genes. GR was found to associate with RUNX1, but not R-E. This interaction increased binding of RUNX1 to DNA and reduced that of R-E, shifting to a RUNX1 dominance. Conclusion: Glucocorticoid drugs represent a targeted therapy for AML with chromosome translocation t(8:21). Given their high activity, favorable human pharmacokinetics as well as synergy with chemotherapeutics, glucocorticoids could be clinically useful to treat R-E AML.

In this work, chloroform and p -xylene were selected as azeotropic agents to separate the azeotrope of {2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-propanol (TFP) + water} by azeotropic distillation. The isobaric vapour-liquid equilibrium data for the binary systems of (TFP + water), (TFP + chloroform), and (TFP + p -xylene) were determined at 101.3 kPa by a modified Rose type recirculating still. The thermodynamic consistency of the experimental data was checked by the Herington, van Ness, infinite dilution, and pure component consistency method. The experimental results were correlated by the NRTL, UNIQUAC and Wilson activity coefficient models, and the binary interaction parameters of the three models were regressed. All the correlated results by the NRTL, UNIQUAC, and Wilson models show good agreement with the experimental data. Furthermore, the distillation synthesis ternary maps for the systems (TFP + water + chloroform) and the (TFP + water + p -xylene) were obtained with the regressed interaction parameters of the NRTL model, and two distillation processes were presented to separate the azeotrope of (TFP + water).

Rapid assessment of algal blooms in bays and estuaries has been difficult due to lack of timely shipboard measurements and lack of spatial resolution from current ocean color satellites. Airborne measurements may fill the gap, yet they are often hindered by the high cost and difficulty in deployment. Here we demonstrate the capacity of a low-cost, low-altitude unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in assessing an intense phytoplankton ( Phaeocystis globosa ) bloom (chlorophyll concentrations ranged from 7.3 to 45.6 mg/m 3 ) in Weitou Bay in the western Taiwan Strait. The UAV was equipped with a hyperspectral sensor to measure the water color with a footprint of 5 m at every 30 m distance along the flight track. A novel approach was developed to obtain remote sensing reflectance ( R rs ) from the UAV at-sensor radiometric measurements. Compared with concurrent and co-located field measured R rs (14 stations in total), the UAV-derived R rs showed reasonable agreement with root mean square difference ranging 0.0028–0.0043 sr − 1 (relative difference ~ 20–32%) of such turbid waters for the six MODIS bands (412–667 nm). The magnitude of the bloom was further evaluated from the UAV-derived R rs . For the bloom waters, the estimated surface chlorophyll a concentration ( Chl ) ranged 6–98 mg/m 3 , which is 3–50 times of the Chl under normal conditions. This effort demonstrates for the first time a successful retrieval of both water color ( i.e. , R rs ) and Chl in a nearshore environment from UAV hyperspectral measurements, which advocates the use of UAVs for rapid assessment of water quality, especially for nearshore or difficult-to-reach waters, due to its flexibility, low cost, high spatial resolution, and sound accuracy.

The solubility of sodium thioglycolate in five pure solvents of water, methanol, ethanol and isopropyl alcohol, n-propanol and four binary solvent mixtures (water + methanol, water + ethanol, water + isopropyl alcohol, water + n-propanol) was determined within the temperature range from (293.15 to 333.15) K by using the gravimetrical method under atmospheric pressure (p = 0.1 MPa). The solubility of sodium thioglycolate in water, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol, and n-propanol increases with a rise of temperature, but the solubility decreases in methanol with increasing temperature. Meanwhile, in the binary solvent mixtures (water + methanol, water + ethanol, water + isopropyl alcohol, water + n-propanol), the solubility of sodium thioglycolate increases with increasing the mole fraction of water and with temperature. The modified Apelblat equation and van’t Hoff equation were applied to correlate the solubility of sodium thioglycolate in the five pure solvents, while in the binary solvent mixtures, the solubi...

Gel-to-gel phase transformations under external stimuli, which are visible to the naked eye, have great application potentials in the field of sensors and specific recognitions. Herein, a bis-dipeptide supramolecular gelator (DMPV) was prepared base on L-valine moieties having pyridinyl group and a long fatty diamine. It was found that the gelator could immobilize organic/water binary mixed solvents, and gel-to-gel transitions with unprecedented opaque to transparent transformations were observed when aliphatic alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propyl alcohol and isopropanol were used as the organic components. Morphological investigations indicated a re-assembly process was occurred, and microstructure evolutions from agglomerates to nanofibers were observed. Opaque and transparent assemblies could interconvert and respectively respond and restore under mechanical force and pH stimuli. Moreover, Hansen and Flory-Huggins parameters were used to investigate the effect of solvent on the gelation performance of DMPV. This would facilitate the structure and solvent optimizations and improve developing of advanced gel systems.

Objective: To explore the clinical value of 256-slice spiral CT coronary angiography combined with serum uric acid (UA) and apolipoprotein B/A I (ApoB/A I) ratio in detecting vulnerable coronary plaques (VP) in middle-aged and elderly diabetic patients. Methods: 1. Patients hospitalized in the Department of Cardiology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from January 2016 to January 2018 with diabetes mellitus and coronary CTA diagnosed as coronary heart disease were divided into three groups according to the nature of plaque: 28 vulnerable plaque group, 30 mixed plaque group and 25 calcified plaque group. 26 patients with simple DM and without coronary plaque group were included as control group and other patients in DM group. Three groups were compared.2. Record the general data of the subjects. All the subjects were treated with UA, ApoA I, ApoB, FIB, FPG and TG after admission. Results: There were significant differences in UA and ApoB/AI ratios among groups (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that FIB, ApoB, UA and ApoB/AI were independent risk factors for vulnerable plaques (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The ratio of UA to A poB/A I is an independent risk factor for vulnerable plaque in middle-aged and elderly patients with coronary heart disease and DM. The ratio of coronary CTA combined with UA and A poB/A I has important clinical value in predicting the vulnerability of plaque in middle-aged and elderly patients with coronary heart disease and DM.

Here, the electrochemical degradation of 50 mg/dm 3 Acid Orange II dye over mixed metal oxide anode has been conducted in the presence of different supporting electrolytes (sulfate, chloride, and their mixture of different proportion). A factorial design methodology was adopted to evaluate the statistically important input variables, among treatment time (30–60 min), flow rate (300–600 ml/min), applied current density (2.58–5.16 mA/cm 2 ) and total concentration of supporting electrolytes (1.0–4.0 mM), on degradation performance; the latter was assessed in terms of color removal rate. The results obtained, demonstrated that the electrolytic oxidation was strongly favored by the presence of chlorides. In addition, the information obtained from electrochemical measurements and UV–vis spectra were used to better clarify the different roles of operating parameters recorded.

Here, the electrochemical incineration of methyl green (MG), a toxic triarylmethane dye, had been initially performed using boron-doped diamond anode under galvanostatic conditions. The individual and interaction effects of four operating variables (flow rate, applied current density, sulfate concentration and initial MG concentration) on mineralization efficiency were investigated with the aid of Doehlert experimental design. Among the independent variables, sulfate concentration displayed the most interesting roles on MG degradation. Optimum MG degradation was achieved by applying a flow rate of 350 ml/min, applied current density of 7.75 mA/cm2, 5.0 mM Na2SO4, and initial MG concentration of 200 mg/dm3 at 120 min of electrolysis, being reduced color by 100% and TOC by 80.1%. In addition, the reaction intermediates were properly identified by LC/MS analysis and a plausible reaction sequence was proposed.

This study investigated the electrochemical incineration of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) at boron-doped diamond (BDD) and platinum (Pt) anodes. Trials were performed in the presence of sulfate electrolyte media under recirculation mode. The parameters that influence the degradation efficiency were investigated, including applied current density, flow rate, supporting electrolyte concentration and reaction time. To reduce the number of experiments, the system had been managed under chemometric technique named Doehlert matrix. As a consequence, the mineralization of NTA demonstrated similar behavior upon operating parameters on these two anodes. Further kinetic study indicated that the degradations followed pseudo-first-order reactions for both BDD and Pt anodes, and the reaction rate constant of the former was found to be higher than that of the latter. Such difference could be interpreted by results from fractal analysis. In addition, a reaction sequence for NTA mineralization considering all the detected intermediates was also proposed.

Taking bromophenol blue as pollutant model, the role of sulfate electrolytes during the anodic oxidations was investigated in a widerange of concentrations (0.1–500 mM). Trials were performed with an electrochemical cell containing boron-doped diamond anodeand stainless steel cathode. The impact of sulfate concentration on the degradation performance was assessed by comparing thecolor removal efficiencies at various time intervals. The results revealed a significant and peculiar influence of this parameter onthe degradation efficiency. Thus, we emphasize the importance of selection of operating levels in electrolytic oxidations, especiallywhen certain activators (from the cathode) may be formed in the treated solutions.© 2015 The Electrochemical Society. [DOI: 10.1149/2.0361508jes] All rights reserved.Manuscript submitted January 15, 2015; revised manuscript received April 20, 2015. Published May 8, 2015.

This study investigated the electrochemical incineration of bromophenol blue (BPB) at boron-doped diamond (BDD) anode. The individual and interaction effects of three control parameters (applied current density, flow rate and supporting electrolyte concentration) on process efficiency were estimated by central composite rotatable design. Among the independent variables, supporting electrolyte concentration displayed the most interesting roles on BPB degradation. The optimal conditions obtained by response surface methodology were: applied current density of 7.36 mA cm − 2 , 2.6 mM Na 2 SO 4 and flow rate of 568 ml min − 1 , which gave a decolorization rate of 91.7% and a mineralization rate of 47.3%, as well as an energy consumption of 3518.89 kWh kg − 1 TOC (7.0 kWh m − 3 ) and a mineralization current efficiency of 15.1% at 120 min of electrolysis. The results presented here demonstrated the high efficiency of BDD technology in mineralizing BPB under mild conditions, as well as the usefulness and capability of the experimental design strategy for successful investigation and modeling of the electrocatalytic processes.

Pitaya is a new fruit crop, whose exotically colored fruits have excellent nutritional and antioxidant properties. In this study, the primary metabolite profiles of three pitaya cultivars i.e. 'Guanhuahong' (red peel with red pulp), 'Guanhuabai' (red peel with white pulp) and 'Guanhuahongfen' (red peel with pink pulp) were investigated using GC-MS and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. In the fruit pulp, levels of starch, organic acids, and inositol decreased as the fruit matured. Glucose, fructose, sucrose and sorbitol contents increased gradually during fruit maturation and reached their highest levels in the pulp at the mature stage. Citramalic acid was identified for the first time in the pulp of Hylocereus species. Higher levels of total phenols, flavonoids and antioxidant activities were detected in the peel than in the pulp during fruit maturation of all three cultivars. The finding of higher levels of total phenols and flavonoids in the pitaya peel than in the pulp at the mature stage suggests that pitaya peels are a good source of natural phenols and flavonoids.

In the present paper, the fractal properties of boron-doped diamond (BDD), mixed metal oxide (MMO) and activated carbon fiber (ACF) electrode have been studied by SEM imaging at different scales. Three materials are self-similar with mean fractal dimension in the range of 2.6–2.8, confirming that they all exhibit very rough surfaces. Specifically, it is found that MMO film is more uniform in terms of fractal structure than BDD and ACF. As a result, the intriguing characteristics make these electrodes as ideal candidates for high-performance decontamination processes.

This work shows results obtained in the electrochemical degradation of 50 mg dm−3 Acid Orange II dye in the presence of different supporting electrolytes (sulfate, chloride, and their mixture of different proportion). Experiments have been performed with a batch recirculation cell containing boron-doped diamond anode and Pt cathode. The effect of operating parameters, such as treatment time (20–40 min), flow rate (400–600 ml min−1), applied current density (1.29–2.58 mA cm−2) and total concentration of supporting electrolytes (1.0–5.0 mM), on treatment performance is assessed implementing a factorial experimental design. The results obtained, demonstrate that chlorides play interesting and important roles during the electrolytic oxidations. Additionally, the evidences from UV–vis spectra are used to better clarify the different roles of operating variables recorded.

In this study, a novel TiO2/β-FeOOH composite photocatalyst was synthesized by a hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the composite photocatalyst. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared composite photocatalyst was evaluated in a heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like process using methyl orange (MO) as target pollutant. The TiO2/β-FeOOH composites exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than pure β-FeOOH and TiO2 under visible-light irradiation. The enhanced photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the formation of TiO2/β-FeOOH heterostructure, which plays an important role in expanding the photoactivity to the visible light region and in effectively prolonging the lifetime of photoinduced electrons and holes. Further investigation revealed that the 25TiO2/β-FeOOH composite synthesized with the TiO2/Fe3+ in a mole ratio of 25:75 showed the highest catalytic activity.

This article presents a method for real-time mapping of algal blooms in turbid coastal waters using the remote sensing reflectance of red band (Channel 1, 580–680 nm) and near-infrared band (Channel 2, 720–1100 nm) of the AVHRR sensor on the NOAA series satellites. A turbidity-free function for near-infrared and red signals, α0 = (bb(1)/bb(2))(a(2)/a(1)) based on the first order bb/(a+bb) model deducing equation Rrs(2)-1 = α0Rrs(1)-1+g−1 (1-α0), were selected as a chlorophyll-a related index for detecting algal blooms, and the algal blooms with chlorophyll-a concentration of 64–256 mg/L could be defined by window of 1.6 < α0 < 5.2 and 0.01< Rrs(2)/g < 0.2. Such turbidity-free two-band method is supported by both sea-truth data and remote sensing experiment for an algal blooms event on the near-shore water off the Minjiang estuary of southeastern China during early June of 2003. Comparisons of this algorithm with other published algorithms, one-band method (i.e. method of bright water) or two-band methods (i.e. method of ratio, method of NDVI, and method of subtracting) have suggested that the turbidity-free function method could be regarded as a standard algorithm in capabilities of AVHRR imagery or other high resolution but wide near-infrared and red band imagery for detecting algal blooms events in coastal waters.

Red dragon fruit or red pitaya (Hylocereus polyrhizus) is the only edible fruit that contains betalains. The color of betalains ranges from red and violet to yellow in plants. Betalains may also serve as an important component of health-promoting and disease-preventing functional food. Currently, the biosynthetic and regulatory pathways for betalain production remain to be fully deciphered. In this study, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based proteomic analyses were used to reveal the molecular mechanism of betalain biosynthesis in H. polyrhizus fruits at white and red pulp stages, respectively. A total of 1946 proteins were identified as the differentially expressed between the two samples, and 936 of them were significantly highly expressed at the red pulp stage of H. polyrhizus. RNA-seq and iTRAQ analyses showed that some transcripts and proteins were positively correlated; they belonged to “phenylpropanoid biosynthesis”, “tyrosine metabolism”, “flavonoid biosynthesis”, “ascorbate and aldarate metabolism”, “betalains biosynthesis” and “anthocyanin biosynthesis”. In betalains biosynthesis pathway, several proteins/enzymes such as polyphenol oxidase, CYP76AD3 and 4,5-dihydroxy-phenylalanine (DOPA) dioxygenase extradiol-like protein were identified. The present study provides a new insight into the molecular mechanism of the betalain biosynthesis at the posttranscriptional level.

Aziridines underwent cyclization reaction with carbon disulfide and isothiocyanate in the presence of organophosphine to afford thiazolidinone derivatives in good to high yields. The mechanistic study revealed that organophosphine serves as a catalyst in the reaction.

Aziridines underwent cyclization reaction with carbon disulfide and isothiocyanate in the presence of organophosphine to afford thiazolidinone derivatives in good to high yields. The mechanistic study revealed that organophosphine serves as a catalyst in the reaction.

The oxidative ring-opening reaction of a variety of activated aziridines by pyridine N-oxide provided α-amino ketones or α-amino aldehydes in good yields.

The oxidative ring-opening reaction of a variety of activated aziridines by pyridine N-oxide provided alpha-amino ketones or alpha-amino aldehydes in good yields.