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Zinc is an essential nutrient for the virulence of bacterial pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae. Many Gram-positive bacteria use a two-domain lipoprotein for zinc acquisition, but how this class of metal-recruiting proteins acquire zinc and interact with the uptake machinery has remained poorly defined., Zinc is an essential element in all domains of life. Nonetheless, how prokaryotes achieve selective acquisition of zinc from the extracellular environment remains poorly understood. Here, we elucidate a novel mechanism for zinc-binding in AdcA, a solute-binding protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Crystal structure analyses reveal the two-domain organization of the protein and show that only the N-terminal domain (AdcAN) is necessary for zinc import. Zinc binding induces only minor changes in the global protein conformation of AdcA and stabilizes a highly mobile loop within the AdcAN domain. This loop region, which is conserved in zinc-specific solute-binding proteins, facilitates closure of the AdcAN binding site and is crucial for zinc acquisition. Collectively, these findings elucidate the structural and functional basis of selective zinc uptake in prokaryotes.

The melting behaviour of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has aroused significant research interest in the areas of materials science, condensed matter physics and chemical engineering. This work first introduces a novel method to fabricate a bimetallic MOF glass, through melt-quenching of the cobalt-based zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) [ZIF-62(Co)] with an adsorbed ferric coordination complex. The high-temperature chemically reactive ZIF-62(Co) liquid facilitates the formation of coordinative bonds between Fe and imidazolate ligands, incorporating Fe nodes into the framework after quenching. The resultant Co-Fe bimetallic MOF glass therefore shows a significantly enhanced oxygen evolution reaction performance. The novel bimetallic MOF glass, when combined with the facile and scalable mechanochemical synthesis technique for both discrete powders and surface coatings on flexible substrates, enables significant opportunities for catalytic device assembly.

This research was supported by the Engineering & Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) and the Biotechnology & Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), UK (EP/D048559). AMB and EOJD were supported by graduate studentships from the BBSRC (BB/F01709X/1) and NJH and JEL were supported by graduate studentships from the EPSRC, and JEL after her DPhil by EP/D048559. AMB gratefully acknowledges her current fellowship support from the Royal Society and EPSRC for a Dorothy Hodgkin Fellowship (DH160004). JRH acknowledges support from the ARC (FT120100421) and the Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monooxygenases catalyze the oxidation of chemically inert carbon-hydrogen bonds in diverse endogenous and exogenous organic compounds by atmospheric oxygen. This C–H bond oxy-functionalization activity has huge potential in biotechnological applications. Class I CYPs receive the two electrons required for oxygen activation from NAD(P)H via a ferredoxin reductase and ferredoxin. The interaction of Class I CYPs with their cognate ferredoxin is specific. In order to reconstitute the activity of diverse CYPs, structural characterization of CYP-ferredoxin complexes is necessary, but little structural information is available. Here we report a structural model of such a complex (CYP199A2-HaPux) in frozen solution derived from distance and orientation restraints gathered by the EPR technique of orientation-selective double electron-electron resonance (os-DEER). The long-lived oscillations in the os-DEER spectra were well modeled by a single orientation of the CYP199A2-HaPux complex. The structure is different from the two known Class I CYP-Fdx structures: CYP11A1-Adx and CYP101A1-Pdx. At the protein interface, HaPux residues in the [Fe2S2] cluster-binding loop and the α3 helix, and the C-terminus residue interact with CYP199A2 residues in the proximal loop and the C helix. These residue contacts are consistent with biochemical data on CYP199A2-ferredoxin binding and electron transfer. Electron-tunneling calculations indicate an efficient electron-transfer pathway from the [Fe2S2] cluster to the heme. This new structural model of a CYP-Fdx complex provides the basis for tailoring CYP enzymes for which the cognate ferredoxin is not known, to accept electrons from HaPux and display monooxygenase activity. Postprint

Carbon phosphides, Cn Pm , may have highly promising electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, but they are experimentally almost unexplored materials. Phosphaheteroallenes stabilized by N-heterocyclic carbenes undergo a one-electron reduction to yield compounds of the type (L)2 C2 P2 with diverse structures. The use of imidazolylidenes as ligands L give complexes with a central four-membered ring C2 P2 , while more electrophilic cyclic diamidocarbenes (DAC) give a compound with an acyclic π-conjugated CP-PC unit. Cyclic C2 P2 compounds are best described as non-Kekule molecules that are stabilized by coordination to the NHC ligands NHC→(C2 P2 )←NHC. These species can be easily oxidized to give stable radical cations [(NHC)2 C2 P2 ]+. . The remarkably stable molecules with an acylic C2 P2 core are best described with electron-sharing bonds (DAC)=C=P-P=C=(DAC).

Derivatives of 1,2‐dithienylethene (DTE) have superb photochromic properties due to an efficient reversible photocyclization reaction of their hexatriene structure and, thus, have application potential in materials for optoelectronics and (multi‐responsive) molecular switches. Transition‐metal complexes bearing switchable DTE motifs commonly incorporate their coordination site rather distant from the hexatriene system. In this work the redox active ligand 1,2‐bis(2,5‐dimethylthiophen‐3‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐dione is described, which reacts with [V(TMEDA)2Cl2] to give a rare non‐oxido vanadium(IV) species 3(M,M/P,P). This blue complex has two bidentate en‐diolato ligands which chelate the VIV center and give rise to two five‐membered metallacycles with the adjacent hexatriene DTE backbone bearing axial chirality. Upon irradiation with UVA light or prolonged heating in solution, the blue compound 3(M,M/P,P) converts into the purple atropisomer 4(para,M/para,P). Both complexes were isolated and structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis (using lab source and synchrotron radiation). The antiparallel configuration (M or P helicity) present in both 3(M,M/P,P) and 4(para,M/para,P) is a prerequisite for (reversible) 6π cyclization reactions. A CW EPR spectroscopic study reveals the metalloradical character for 3(M,M/P,P) and 4(para,M/para,P) and indicates dynamic reversible cyclization of the DTE backbone in complex 3(M,M/P,P) at ambient temperature in solution., A rare species: In this work, the redox active ligand 1,2‐bis(2,5‐dimethylthiophen‐3‐yl)ethane‐1,2‐dione is described. Chelation of a vanadium metal center gives rise to an en‐diolate motif in two five‐membered VIV metallacycles with hexatriene DTE backbones bearing axial chirality. Two non‐oxido VIV atropisomeric complexes with metalloradical character were isolated. Their dynamic behavior (reversible cyclization) in solution was studied in a CW EPR spectroscopic study.

The facile preparation of alkali salts of phosphanyl cyanophosphides [NHP-PCN]- (NHP=N-heterocyclic phosphenium) is reported. Their formation is achieved by isoelectronic replacement of O for [N]- in the phosphaketenes NHP-PCO using alkaline hexamethyldisilazide M[N(SiMe3)2] (M=Na, K) as reagent. The new anionic entities are versatile PCN building blocks which allow the formation of a diversity of new cyanophosphine derivates including the first example of a PCNB hetero-cumulene and a PCN-ligated transition metal complex.

A key intermediate in the formation of a bicyclic cage formed between a biradical (LCP)2 (L = carbene) and an unsaturated substrate via a [2 + 2] cycloaddition reaction has been isolated and fully characterized including by X-ray diffraction analysis. The isolation of this intermediate proves that this cycloaddition reaction proceeds stepwise which is preferred over a concerted mechanism.

More than 80 years after Paneth's report of dimethyl bismuth, the first monomeric Bi(II) radical that is stable in the solid state has been isolated and characterized. Reduction of the diamidobismuth(III) chloride Bi(NON(Ar))Cl (NON(Ar)=[O(SiMe2NAr)2](2-); Ar=2,6-iPr2C6H3) with magnesium affords the Bi(II) radical ˙Bi(NON(Ar)). X-ray crystallographic measurements are consistent with a two-coordinate bismuth in the +2 oxidation state with no short intermolecular contacts, and solid-state SQUID magnetic measurements indicate a paramagnetic compound with a single unpaired electron. EPR and density functional calculations show a metal-centered radical with >90% spin density in a p-type orbital on bismuth.

The chemistry of the Group 13 metals is dominated by the +1 and +3 oxidation states, and simple monomeric M(II) species are typically short-lived, highly reactive species. Here we report the first thermally robust monomeric MX2 radicals of gallium, indium and thallium. By making use of sterically demanding boryl substituents, compounds of the type M(II)(boryl)2 (M = Ga, In, Tl) can be synthesized. These decompose above 130 °C and are amenable to structural characterization in the solid state by X-ray crystallography. Electron paramagnetic resonance and computational studies reveal a dominant metal-centred character for all three radicals (>70% spin density at the metal). M(II) species have been invoked as key short-lived intermediates in well-known electron-transfer processes; consistently, the chemical behaviour of these novel isolated species reveals facile one-electron shuttling processes at the metal centre.

An apitite for reduction: The diastereoisomers of the tetrachelating ligand 1,3-bis[(5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)phenylphosphanyl propane, bis(troppPh)propane, can be used to control the redox potentials of 16-electron rhodium(1) complexes. Whereas the R,S-isomer of the ligand enforces a more planar complex which is difficult to reduce, the R,R(S,S)-isomer favors a tetrahedrally distorted structure which is easily reduced to give a stable rhodium(0) complex (see structure, Rh silver, P yellow, C black, H white).

The new tetradentate ligand 1,4-bis(5 H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl)-1,4-diazabuta-1,3-diene ((H)tropdad) allows the syntheses of the 16-electron cationic rhodium complexes [M((H)tropdad)](O(3)SCF(3)) (M=Rh, Ir). The structure of the rhodium complex was determined by X-ray analysis and points to a description of these as [M(+1)((H)tropdad)(0)] with short Cd-N bonds (av 1.285 A) and a long C-C bond (1.46 A) in the diazabutadiene (dad) moiety, that is the M-->dad charge-transfer is negligible. Both [Rh((H)tropdad)](+) and [Ir((H)tropdad)](+) are reduced at very low potentials (E(1) (1/2)= -0.56 V and E(1) (1/2)=-0.35 V, respectively) which allowed the quantitative synthesis of the neutral paramagnetic complexes [M((H)tropdad)](0) (M=Rh, Ir) by reacting the cationic precursor complexes simply with zinc powder. The [M((H)tropdad)](0) complexes are stable against protic reagents in organic solvents. Continuous wave and pulse EPR spectroscopy was used to characterize the paramagnetic species and the hyperfine coupling constants were determined: [Rh((H)tropdad)](0): A(iso)((14)N)=11.9 MHz, A(iso)((1)H)=14.3 MHz, A(iso)((103)Rh)= -5.3 MHz; [Ir((H)tropdad)](0): A(iso)((14)N)=11.9 MHz, A(iso)((1)H)=14.3 MHz. In combination with DFT calculations, the experimentally determined g and hyperfine matrices could be orientated within the molecular frame and the dominant spin density contributions were determined. These results clearly show that the complexes [M((H)tropdad)](0) are best described as [M(+1)((H)tropdad)(.-)] with a [16+1] electron configuration.

JBIC Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry, 13 (8), ISSN:0949-8257, ISSN:1432-1327

(Chemical Equation Presented) The spin reveals all: Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals the formation of a nickel-alkyl bond in the active site of methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), the key enzyme of methanogenesis, when active MCRred1 reacts with the irreversible inhibitor 3-bromopropane sulfonate to form the MCRBPS species. © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA.

In this contribution we present a continuous wave (CW), pulse electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and pulse electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR) study of (OEC)Co(C6H5), where OEC is the trianion of 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethylcorrole. To facilitate spectral assignments isotopic substitutions were employed (2H and 13C). From the analysis of the frozen solution CW EPR, ESEEM, and ENDOR spectra measured at X- and Q-band, we determined the electronic coupling parameters of the unpaired electron with the cobalt nucleus, corrole nitrogen nuclei, phenyl 13C, 1H and 2H nuclei, mesa 1H and 2H nuclei, and ethyl 1H nuclei. Determination of the g matrix alignment in the molecular frame was achieved by successfully simulating the orientationally selective powder ENDOR spectra of the mesa nuclei. The g principal values are g1 = 1.9670, g2 = 2.1122, and g3=2.0043, with the g1 and g2 axes pointing at the nitrogens of the corrole macrocycle and the g3 axis directed perpendicular to the plane. The cobalt hyperfine matrix A has principal values A1Co = 72, A2Co = 8, A3Co = 10 MHz, with the A3Co and g3 axes parallel to each other and the A1Co axis rotated from the g1 axis by 45°, so that it points at the mesa proton H10. Relatively large 1H ENDOR couplings with the ethyl protons were observed, indicating that significant spin density also exists on the macrocycle. A good description of the electronic structure, consistent with the experimental data, was achieved using density functional theory simulations. Both the experimental and calculated data support the conclusion that there is significant spin density on both the macrocycle and in the cobalt dyz orbital.

We report the synthesis of a series of ruthenium complexes supported by the phosphine olefin ligand tropPPh2 (trop=5-H-dibenzo-[a,d]cyclohepten-5-yl) in the oxidation states 0, +I, and +II, formed via successive one-electron oxidization steps from Ru(0) (tropPPh2 )2 . The bidentate character of the tropPPh2 ligand and its steric hindrance force the complexes to adopt uncommon geometries, which were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. EPR data of the mononuclear Ru(I) complex reveal couplings of the unpaired spin with the ruthenium and two phosphorus nuclei, as well as the olefinic protons which show that the spin is mainly localized on the Ru(I) center.

Nanostructured hydrogenated graphite (CnanoHx) was synthesized here from graphite by ball-milling under a hydrogen (H2) atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) show that ball milling results in the rupture of graphene sheets creating active defects and allowing hydrogen to be dissociated and then chemisorbed. Most likely small quantities of iron particles incorporated during the milling process act as a catalyst. C nanoHx thus possesses unique characteristic hydrogenated states present in nanometer scale particles, unlike standard hydride materials. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy resolves two distinct paramagnetic components. The first is assigned to (intrinsic) delocalized π-electrons in the graphene sheets (g ~ 2.008) which disappears after approximately 32 h milling. The second ESR component grows in intensity with milling time and is assigned to localized electrons (g ~ 2.003) with a concentration of 3 × 1020 spins per gram after 80 h milling. HYSCORE spectroscopy reveals proton hyperfine couplings, and variable temperature CW ESR spectra demonstrate an unexpected magnetic ordering at low temperatures (~ 10 K). Formation of CnanoHx thus consists of weakly coupled localized electrons with wave functions that extends over small graphitic moieties. The radical centers do not physisorb a large quantity of H2 molecules under conditions required for practical H2 storage materials and are a product of the milling process and chemisorption of hydrogen. © 2009 American Chemical Society.

Methanogenic archaea utilize a specific pathway in their metabolism, converting C1 substrates (i.e., CO2) or acetate to methane and thereby providing energy for the cell. Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) catalyzes the key step in the process, namely methyl-coenzyme M (CH3-S-CoM) plus coenzyme B (HS-CoB) to methane and CoM-S-S-CoB. The active site of MCR contains the nickel porphinoid F430. We report here on the coordinated ligands of the two paramagnetic MCR red2 states, induced when HS-CoM (a reversible competitive inhibitor) and the second substrate HS-CoB or its analogue CH3-S-CoB are added to the enzyme in the active MCR red1 state (Ni(I)F430). Continuous wave and pulse EPR spectroscopy are used to show that the MCR red2a state exhibits a very large proton hyperfine interaction with principal values A((1)H) = [-43,-42,-5] MHz and thus represents formally a Ni(III)F430 hydride complex formed by oxidative addition to Ni(I). In view of the known ability of nickel hydrides to activate methane, and the growing body of evidence for the involvement of MCR in "reverse" methanogenesis (anaerobic oxidation of methane), we believe that the nickel hydride complex reported here could play a key role in helping to understand both the mechanism of "reverse" and "forward" methanogenesis.

(Chemical Equation Presented) Rh steps into the ring: The radical cation shown is best described as a rhodaazacyclopropane (A) rather than as a Rh I iminium ion complex (B). EPR and DFT data indicate that the delocalization of the unpaired electron into the ligand framework contributes to the stability of A (see plot of the singly occupied molecular orbital). © 2006 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA.

1 H NMR spectroscopy is a potentially useful technique for the characterization of coals. It has been shown that it is possible to determine important coal properties (e.g. detailed information on moisture and hydrogen content) from solid state measurements on a low field (20 MHz) NMR instrument. The measurement consists of the combined determination of spin–lattice ( T 1 ) and spin–spin ( T 2 ) relaxations resulting in a unique response surface. The overall measurement time is approximately 30 min. Appropriate numerical analysis of the relaxation surface, based on a global, nonlinear least-squares fit, results in detailed information about several different types of protons in the coal. Five different classes of proton containing components have been distinguished, characterized and quantitatively determined. Two classes could be assigned to water in the coal and water in the mineral structure. Three classes have been assigned to different types of organic components.

(1)H, (7)Li, (14)N, and (23)Na high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements are reported for fluid solutions of lithium and sodium in anhydrous liquid ammonia across the metal-to-nonmetal transition (MNM transition), paying particular attention to the phenomenon of liquid-liquid phase separation which occurs in the composition/temperature region close to the MNM transition. Our results are discussed in terms of the electronic structure of fluid metal-ammonia solutions at low temperatures (ca. 240 K). We find that the electronic phase transition to the metallic state in these solutions, especially at temperatures close to the liquid-liquid critical consolute temperature, occurs from a nonmetallic, electrolytic solution containing a predominance of electron spin-paired, (diamagnetic) charged bosonic states. The possible implications of these observations to the nature of the liquid-liquid phase separation are discussed, both from the views of N. F. Mott, regarding the MNM transition in sodium-ammonia solutions, and those of R. A. Ogg, regarding the possibility of high-temperature superconductivity in these solutions. Similarities between the electronic structure of metal-ammonia solutions and the high-temperature cuprate superconductors are also briefly emphasized.

Evidence is presented of significant covalency in the ytterbium 4f shell of tris-cyclopentadienyl ytterbium (YbCp(3)) in its electronic ground state, that can be represented by the superposition of an ionic configuration Yb(III):4f(13)(Cp(3)) and a charge-transfer configuration Yb(II):4f(14)(Cp(3))(-1). The relative weights of these configurations were determined from (i) the difference in their 4f photoionization cross sections, (ii) the accumulation of spin-density centered on the (13)C atoms of the Cp ring, as measured by a pulsed EPR (HYSCORE) experiment, (iii) the reduction in the spin-density in the 4f shell, manifest in the (171)Yb hyperfine interaction, and (iv) the principal values of the g-tensor, obtained from the EPR spectrum of a frozen glass solution at 5.4 K. Each of these methods finds that the spin density attributable to the charge transfer configuration is in the range 12-17%. The presence of configuration interaction (CI) also accounts for the highly anomalous energies, intensities, and vibronic structure in the "f-f" region of the optical spectrum, as well as the strict adherence of the magnetic susceptibility to the Curie law in the range 30-300 K.

The structural, chemical and electronic changes of ceria as a function of decreasing particle size have been studied: at sizes below 5 nm the total amount of reducible oxygen dramatically increases due to superoxide formation on the ceria surface, a result indicative of a size dependent oxygen buffering capacity. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2010.

"Chemical Equation Presented" Radical changes: One single P-Rh-P angle determines whether the odd electron in the paramagnetic complex [Rh(trop2PPh)(PPh3)] is delocalized over the whole molecule (see picture, blue) or is localized on the P - Rh unit (red). The two energetically almost degenerate electromers exist in a fast equilibrium, and the "red" complex has the highest spin density at Rh of all low valent Rh complexes observed to date. © 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA.

The enterobacterium Escherichia coli synthesizes two H(2) uptake enzymes, Hyd-1 and Hyd-2. We show using precise electrochemical kinetic measurements that the properties of Hyd-1 and Hyd-2 contrast strikingly, and may be individually optimized to function under distinct environmental conditions. Hyd-2 is well suited for fast and efficient catalysis in more reducing environments, to the extent that in vitro it behaves as a bidirectional hydrogenase. In contrast, Hyd-1 is active for H(2) oxidation under more oxidizing conditions and cannot function in reverse. Importantly, Hyd-1 is O(2) tolerant and can oxidize H(2) in the presence of air, whereas Hyd-2 is ineffective for H(2) oxidation under aerobic conditions. The results have direct relevance for physiological roles of Hyd-1 and Hyd-2, which are expressed in different phases of growth. The properties that we report suggest distinct technological applications of these contrasting enzymes.

By deprotonation of the corresponding tris(pyrazolyl)methane ((Me)Tpm) precursor complexes [M((Me)Tpm)(2)][(OTf)(2)] (1 and 2), the zwitterionic tris(pyrazolyl)methanide iron(II) (3) and cobalt(II) (4) "sandwich" complexes of the general formula [M((Me)Tpmd)(2)] are easily accessible. The structurally characterised complexes 3 and 4 are the first such homoleptic 3d transition metal species to feature two "naked", outward pointing pyramidal carbanions. Density functional theory calculations show metal-centred HOMOs and LUMOs with the destabilised carbanion orbitals in the energy region of the filled transition-metal-centred frontier orbitals. The electronic structures of these complexes have been investigated in detail by various spectroscopic techniques such as NMR, EPR, SQUID, Mössbauer, etc. Both complexes adopt a high-spin (HS) configuration at room temperature in solution and in the solid state. A thermally induced high-spin to low-spin (HS-LS) transition is observed for the iron(II) complex 3. The HS-LS transition temperature of 3 in solution differs from that in the solid state, which in turn strongly depends on the amount of solvent molecules in the crystal lattice. Electrochemical studies on the corresponding cobalt(II) complex 4 provide evidence for a HS-Co(II) LS-Co(III) transition upon oxidation, which was confirmed by preliminary synthetic oxidation reactions. Overall, it can be concluded that the related kappa(3)N-donor ligands tris(pyrazolyl)hydroborates (Tp(R)) and (R)Tpmd ligands have similar bonding properties and that the metal cations experience more or less the same ligand environment.

The chlorido-bridged dimeric complex [Rh 2 (μ-Cl) 2 (trop 2 -NH) 2 ] [trop 2 NH =bis(benzo[a,d]cycloheptenyl)amine] or the acetonitrile complexes [Rh(trop 2 NH)(MeCN) 2 ] + (CF 3 SO 3 - ) and [IrCl(MeCN)(trop2NH)] are well-suited precursor complexes for phenanthroline-type complexes [M(trop2NH)(R,R-phen)] + A - (M = Rh, Ir; R = H, Me, Ph substituents in the 4,7-or 5,6-positions of the phen ligand, A - = CF 3 SΟ 3 - , PF 6 - ). These complexes contain 18-valence-electron configured metal centers in a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination sphere with the amino (NH) group in an axial position and each of the olefinic C=C trop units is in an equatorial position. The cationic amino complexes [M(trop 2 NH)(R,R-phen)] + are sufficiently acidic (pK a in dmso: 18.2-19.0) to be quantitatively deprotonated by one equivalent of KOtBu to give neutral amido complexes [M(trop2N)(R,R-phen)] (M = Rh, Ir). These can be easily oxidized to give aminyl radical complexes [M(trop 2 N - )(R,R-phen)] + A - , which for M = Rh can be isolated as green crystals. The iridium complex [Ir(trop 2 N . )(phen)] + is unstable. High-resolution pulse EPR spectroscopy was used to gain insight into the electronic structure of the aminyl radical complexes. Remarkably, the rhodium and iridium complexes have a very similar electronic structure, as revealed by their EPR parameters ([Rh(trop 2 N . ](phen)] + : g 1,2,3 = 2.084(2), 2.049(2), 2.027(2); lA iso l = 45.4 (N1), 10.4 (N 2 ), 3.1 (N3) 27.0 (Rh) MHz; [Ir(trop 2 N . )(phen)] + : g 1,2,3 = 2.140(2), 2.107(2), 2.015(2); lA iso l = 47 (N1), 7.9 (N2), 3.5 (N3), 26.8 (Ir) MHz} and these show that about 60 % of the spin population is localized on the nitrogen center (N1) of the trop 2 N ligand. In reactions with stannanes (R 3 SnH) and thiols (RSH), H-atom transfer to the trop 2 N nitrogen atom is observed, [M(trop 2 N . ](phen)] + + EH→ [M(trop 2 NH)(phen)] + + 1/2HE-EH.

(Chemical Equation Presented) A little goes a long way: An iridium-nitrogen-radical complex is a highly active and selective catalyst for the dehydrogenation (oxidation) of primary alcohols to aldehydes in the presence of the oxidant benzoquinone (see simplified scheme). With only 0.01 mol% of the complex, turnover frequencies of up to 150 000 s-1 are reached. © 2007 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH and Co. KGaA.

An organometallic methyl-nickel species was detected in the enzyme methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR). This is the key enzyme in microbial methane production and is probably also involved in anaerobic methane oxidation. Incubation of MCR with 13C-bromomethane results in the formation of an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) active nickel-methyl species in the active site of this enzyme. High-resolution pulse electron nuclear double resonance and hyperfine sublevel correlation investigations showed the presence of 13C hyperfine couplings of 18-44 MHz that are associated with the nickel-based EPR signal. The large 13C hyperfine interaction shows unambiguously that the methyl group from bromomethane is directly coordinated to the nickel ion. The EPR structure and parameters are fully supported by density functional theory calculations. Copyright © 2007 American Chemical Society.

A [16 + 1] valence electron configured rhodium aminyl radical complex could be synthesized and characterized in detail by pulse EPR spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The unpaired electron is delocalized over the metal center and two adjacent nitrogens. H-abstraction reactions from thiols and triethylsilane show that the spin density is predominantly localized on both nitrogens.

The 17-electron complexes [M(tropp(ph))2] (M=Co0, Rh0, Ir0) were prepared and isolated (tropp = tropylidene phosphane). A structural analysis of [Co(tropp(ph))2] revealed this complex to be almost tetrahedral, while the heavier homologues have more planar structures. Partially deuterated tropp complexes [D6][M(tropp(ph))2] were synthesised for M = Rh and Ir in order to enhance the resolution in the EPR spectra. This synthesis involves a four-fold intramolecular C-H activation reaction, whereby alkyl groups are transformed into olefins. Dihydrides were observed as intermediates for M = Ir. The electronic and geometric structures of all complexes [M(tropp(ph))2] (M = Co, Rh, Ir) and [D6][M(tropp(ph))2] (M = Rh, Ir) were investigated by continuous wave (CW) and echo-detected EPR in combination with pulse ENDOR and ESEEM techniques. In accord with their planar structures, cis and trans isomers were detected for [M(tropp(ph))2] (M = Rh0, Ir0) for which a dynamic equilibrium was established. The thermodynamic data show that the cis isomer is slightly preferred by deltaH(o) = -4.7 +/- 0.3 kJ mol(-1) (M = Rh) and delta H(o) = -5.1 +/- 0.5 kJ mol(-1); (M = Ir). The entropies for the process trans-[M(tropp(ph))2] cis-[M(tropp(ph))2] are also negative [deltaS(o) = -5 +/- 1.5 J mol(-1) (M = Rh); deltaS(o) = -17 +/- 3.7 J mol(-1) (M = Rh)], indicating higher steric congestion in the cis isomers. The cobalt(0) and irdium(0) complexes show rather large g anisotropies, while that of the rhodium(0) complex is small (Co: g(parallel) = 2.320, g(perpendicular) = 2.080; cis-Rh: g(parallel) = 2.030, g(perpendicular) = 2.0135; trans-Rh: g(parallel) = 2.050, g(perpendicular) = 2.030; cis-Ir: g(parallel) = 2.030, g(perpendicular) = 2.060; trans-Ir: g(parallel) = 1.980, g(perpendicular) = 2.150). The g matrices of [M(tropp(ph))2] (M = Co, Rh) are axially symmetric with g(parallel) > g(perpendicular), indicating either a distorted square planar structure (SOMO essentially d(x2 - y2) or a compressed tetrahedron (SOMO essentially d(xy)). Interestingly, for [Ir(tropp(ph))2] the inverse ordering, g(perpendicular) > g(parallel) is found; this cannot be explained by simple ligand field arguments and must await a more sophisticated analysis. The hyperfine interactions of the unpaired electron with the metal nuclei, phosphorus nuclei, protons, deuterons and carbon nuclei were determined. By comparison with atomic constants, the spin densities on these centres were estimated and found to be small. However, the good agreement of the distance between the olefinic protons and the metal centres determined from the dipolar coupling parameter indicates that the unpaired electron is primarily located at the metal centre.

The interaction of Cu(II) with the ligand tdci (1,3,5-trideoxy-1,3,5-tris(dimethylamino)-cis-inositol) was studied both in the solid state and in solution. The complexes that were formed were also tested for phosphoesterase activity. The pentanuclear complex [Cu(5)(tdciH(-2))(tdci)(2)(OH)(2)(NO(3))(2)](NO(3))(4).6H(2)O consists of two dinuclear units and one trinuclear unit, having two shared copper(II) ions. The metal centers within the pentanuclear structure have three distinct coordination environments. All five copper(II) ions are linked by hydroxo/alkoxo bridges forming a Cu(5)O(6) cage. The Cu-Cu separations of the bridged centers are between 2.916 and 3.782 A, while those of the nonbridged metal ions are 5.455-5.712 A. The solution equilibria in the Cu(II)-tdci system proved to be extremely complicated. Depending on the pH and metal-to-ligand ratio, several differently deprotonated mono-, di-, and trinuclear complexes are formed. Their presence in solution was supported by mass, CW, and pulse EPR spectroscopic study, too. In these complexes, the metal ions are presumed to occupy tridentate [O(ax),N(eq),O(ax)] coordination sites and the O-donors of tdci may serve as bridging units between two metal ions. Additionally, deprotonation of the metal-bound water molecules may occur. The dinuclear Cu(2)LH(-3) species, formed around pH 8.5, provides outstanding rate acceleration for the hydrolysis of the activated phosphodiester bis(4-nitrophenyl)phosphate (BNPP). The second-order rate constant of BNPP hydrolysis promoted by the dinuclear complex (T = 298 K) is 0.95 M(-1) s(-1), which is ca. 47600-fold higher than that of the hydroxide ion catalyzed hydrolysis (k(OH)). Its activity is selective for the phosphodiester, and the hydrolysis was proved to be catalytic. The proposed bifunctional mechanism of the hydrolysis includes double Lewis acid activation and intramolecular nucleophilic catalysis.