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Pyridine derivatives are the most common and significant heterocyclic compounds, which play an important role in various fields ranging from medicinal to chemosensing applications. Pyridine derivatives possess different biological activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiglycation, analgesic, antiparkinsonian, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory, ulcerogenic, antiviral, and anticancer activity. Furthermore, these derivatives have a high affinity for various ions and neutral species and can be used as a highly effective chemosensor for the determination of different species. In this review article, generally used synthetic routes of pyridine, structural characterization, medicinal applications, and potential of pyridine derivatives in analytical chemistry as chemosensors have been discussed. We hope this study will support the new thoughts to design biological active compounds and highly selective and effective chemosensors for the detection of various species (anions, cations, and neutral species) in various samples (environmental, agricultural, and biological). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We designed and synthesized a fluorescent "turn-on" and colorimetric chemosensor ((E)-1-((p-tolylimino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol) SB. The structure of the synthesized chemosensor was investigated by 1H NMR, FT-IR, and fluorescence spectroscopy, and its sensing properties were studied toward Mn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Cd2+, Na+, Ni2+, Al3+, K+, Ag+, Zn2+, Co2+, Cr3+, Hg2+, Ca2+, and Mg2+. SB showed an excellent colorimetric (yellow to yellowish brown) in MeOH and fluorescence "turn-on" sensing response to Cu2+ in MeOH/Water (10/90, v/v) media. The sensing mechanism of SB toward Cu2+ was investigated by FT-IR, 1H NMR titration, DFT studies, and Job's plot analysis. The detection limit was calculated to be very low 0.0025 µg mL−1 (0.0025 ppm). Furthermore, the test strip containing SB also showed excellent selectivity and sensitivity toward Cu2+ in a solution medium and when supported on a solid medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Fluorometric determination of different biologically, industrially, and environmentally important analytes is a powerful technique because this technique has excellent selectivity, high sensitivity, rapid photoluminescence response, low cost, applicability to bioimaging, and low detection limit. Fluorescence imaging is a powerful technique for screening different analytes in the living system. Heterocyclic organic compounds have been extensively used as a fluorescence chemosensor for the determination of different biologically important cations like Co2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Hg2+, Ag+, Ni2+, Cr3+, Al3+, Pd2+, Fe3+ Pt2+, Mn2+, Sn2+, Pd2+, Au3+, Pd2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and other ions in biological and environmental systems. These compounds also showed significant biological applications such as anti-cancer, anti-ulcerogenic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti neuropathic, antihistaminic, antihypertensive, analgesic, antitubercular, antioxidant, antimalarial, antiparasitic, antiglycation, antiviral anti-obesity, and antibacterial potency. In this review, we summarize the heterocyclic organic compounds based on fluorescent chemosensors and their applications in bioimaging studies for the recognition of different biologically important metal ions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Synthesis of a novel Schiff base-based off–on-off chemosensor SBC-1. • Applied the synthesized chemosensor for the detection of Cu2+ ions. • Applied the SBC-1-Cu2+ complex for the detection of 2,4-D. • Study the performance of SBC-1 and SBC-1-Cu2+ in various water samples. The development of selective and sensitive chemosensors for the recognition of metal ions and pesticides is very important in environmental monitoring, industrial quality control, and public health. In this study, we present a novel Schiff base-based off–on-off chemosensor SBC-1 for the specific and sensitive detection of Cu2+ ions and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). The Schiff base chemosensor forms a complex with Cu2+ (SBC-1-Cu2+), leading to characteristic color changes from bright yellow to light yellow and significant enhancement in fluorescence emission at 584 nm. The resulting complex was further applied for the determination of 2,4-D. The detection limit was calculated to be 0.0028 ppm (0.044 µM) for Cu2+ and 0.0327 ppm (0.147 µM) for 2,4-D. The analytical performance of the Schiff base chemosensor is evaluated in various water samples (pond, lake and tap water) and demonstrating its robustness and reliability for practical use. The percent recovery from these samples was found to be 92.100. ± 0.18 % to 105.333 ± 0.34 % at various levels. Additionally, the chemosensor response mechanisms and binding interactions with heavy metal ions are elucidated through spectroscopic studies. The chemosensor and its complex exhibit remarkable selectivity, providing distinct responses toward Cu2+ and 2,4-D even in the presence of different interfering species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we have synthesized a novel Schiff base-centered chemosensor, designated as SB, with the chemical name ((E)-1-(((6-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl) imino)methyl)naphthalen-2-ol). This chemosensor was structurally characterized by FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV-Vis and fluorescence spectroscopy. After structural characterization the chemosensor SB was subsequently employed for the detection of Cu2+ and Ag+, using fluorescence spectroscopy. The chemosensor SB showed excellent ability to recognize the target metal ions, leading to fluorescence enhancement and color change from yellow to yellowish orange for Cu2+ and yellow to radish for Ag+ ions. The detection capabilities of this chemosensor were impressive, showing excellent selectivity and an exceptionally low detection limit of 0.0016 µM for Cu2+ and 0.00389 µM for Ag+. Most notably, our approach enables the quantitative detection both metal ions in different water and soil samples at trace level. This achievement holds great promise for analytical applications and offers significant contributions to the field of chemical sensing and environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]