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While ChatGPT has recently become very popular, AI has a long history and philosophy. This paper intends to explore the promises and pitfalls of the Generative Pre-trained Transformer (GPT) AI and potentially future technologies by adopting a speculative methodology. Speculative future narratives with a specific focus on educational contexts are provided in an attempt to identify emerging themes and discuss their implications for education in the 21st century. Affordances of (using) AI in Education (AIEd) and possible adverse effects are identified and discussed which emerge from the narratives. It is argued that now is the best of times to define human vs AI contribution to education because AI can accomplish more and more educational activities that used to be the prerogative of human educators. Therefore, it is imperative to rethink the respective roles of technology and human educators in education with a future-oriented mindset.

Teachers' conceptions of assessment are a significant indicator of teacher assessment literacy. This study contextualized pre-service teachers' conceptions of assessment in Chinese second language education. An exploratory factor analysis generated eight first-order factors and the following confirmatory factor analysis found a hierarchical model, reflecting a noticeable influence of prior learning experiences and official assessment regimes on conceptions. A follow-up latent profile analysis showed three profiles. Improvement-oriented was the most prevalent profile, but more than 40% of the participants were categorized as negative. The study substantiated the need to develop an integrative and balanced understanding of assessment in teacher education to prepare pre-service teachers for teaching in international contexts.

With a view to facilitating good practice and enhancing further exchanges and collaboration with the Open University UK, the Open University of China initiated a joint programme of training to offer online tutors and academic management staff three courses: Student Support, Tutoring On-line, and Course Design. The programme brought in not only a new learning mode and a new learning management system, but also new ideas and new assessment mechanisms, which created a positive impact on the reform of teaching and learning in the Open University of China. This paper will reflect on the implementation of the programme to explore the value of international collaboration and to look at changes that have taken place in both tutors and trainees. Through analysing feedback from both tutors and trainees, we can appreciate the potential significance of the joint programme and reflect on our own practice. The paper will also indicate some of the defects of the programme--our students expected more relevant content--and more involvement on the part of the UK experts, so that we can further explore improvements and join hands for meaningful collaboration. (Contains 3 tables.)

Introduction: The construction of digital villages is widely acknowledged as a way to achieve the "dual goals" of high quality of the agricultural and rural economy and common prosperity under the digital China strategy. Studies have explored the socio-economic benefits of different aspects of rural digitization, but few have focused on the productivity role of rural broadband development in the context of the urban-rural broadband divide. The purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between rural broadband development and agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) and the intrinsic mechanism of action, and to provide empirical evidence on the productivity effect of promoting digital transformation in rural agriculture. Methods: Using panel data from 31 provinces in China from 2011 to 2020, this paper investigates the impact and mechanism of rural broadband development on agricultural TFP from the perspective of agriculture-related loans by setting up a two-way fixed effects model, a mechanism effects model and a threshold effects model. Results: The results find that rural broadband development has a significant role in enhancing agricultural TFP. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the productivity-enhancing effect of rural broadband development is remarkable only in the central region and the region with higher rural disposable income. Mechanism analysis points out that rural broadband development can increase agricultural TFP by influencing the share of farm-related loans. Threshold analysis further reveals that the role of increasing the share of farm-related loans on agricultural TFP is marked only after rural broadband development reaches a certain level. Discussion: These findings can provide practical guidance for other developing countries in accelerating the digital transformation of villages and optimizing factor allocation to achieve high-quality agricultural development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared decision-making (SDM) is a scientific and reasonable decision-making model. However, whether physicians choose SDM is usually influenced by many factors. It is not clear whether the strained doctor-patient relationship will affect physicians' willingness to choose SDM. Through a survey by questionnaire, 304 physicians' evaluations of doctor-patient relationship (DPR) were quantified by the difficult DPR questionnaire-8. Their preferences for SDMand the reasons were also evaluated. The correlation between physicians' evaluations of DPR and their preferences for SDM were analyzed. 84.5% physicians perceived DPR as poor or strained, 53.3% physicians preferred SDM, mainly because of the influences of medical ethics and social desirability bias. Their preferences for SDM were not significantly correlated with their evaluations of DPR (P > 0.05). Physicians with different evaluations of DPR (good, poor, and strained) all had similar preferences for SDM (42.6, 56.4, and 42.9%), with no significant difference (P > 0.05). There was no correlation between physicians' evaluations of DPR and their preferences for SDM. Physicians' evaluations of poor DPR did not affect their preferences for SDM. This may be influenced by the medical ethics and social desirability bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In China, lack of evidence remains a significant challenge for the national initiative to promote physical activity (PA). We aimed to quantify the beneficial effects of meeting or maintaining the recommended PA level [150 minutes per week (min/wk) of moderate PA or 75 min/wk of vigorous PA or an equivalent combination] on incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Chinese population. Methods We included 100,560 participants without history of CVD from three cohorts in the Prediction for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk in China (China-PAR) project. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for CVD events and its subtypes, including stroke, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and CVD death. Results During a median follow-up of 7.3 years (range: 6-15 years), 777,163 person-years and 4693 incident CVD events were observed. Compared with participants who were inactive at baseline, the multivariable adjusted HR (95% CI) of developing CVD was 0.74 (0.69-0.79) for those who met recommended moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) level at baseline. Furthermore, the risk of CVD incidence was reduced with increment of MVPA (Ptrend < 0.001), and the HR (95% CI) of highly-active versus inactive category was 0.62 (0.56-0.68). Compared with individuals who were inactive both at the baseline and follow-up, those keeping active over the period of follow-up had a substantial lower risk of incident CVD with the HR (95% CI) of 0.57 (0.43-0.77). Conclusions The findings demonstrated that meeting and maintaining the recommended MVPA level could reduce the cardiovascular risk. Wider adoption of the PA recommendations would have considerable health impacts to the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although beliefs in the impact of the Internet on democratization did not quickly materialize, recent research on the linkage between social media use and political engagement has reignited optimism about the democratic influence of new media technologies. At the same time, scholars have noted the capability of authoritarian states to exercise effective control of the Internet and manipulate the online public opinion environment. This study argues that social media can promote elements of a civic culture and system support simultaneously where the state practices networked authoritarianism. Analysis of a survey of university students in Guangzhou, China, shows that public affairs communication via social media relates positively and significantly to five elements of a civic culture: political knowledge, social trust, sense of civic duty, internal efficacy, and collective efficacy. Meanwhile, social media--based public affairs communication does not undermine system support; it even has a strong relationship with optimism about the Chinese government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The species of the subfamily Opiinae (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) from Hunan (Oriental China) are revised and illustrated. Thirty-six new species are described: Apodesmia bruniclypealis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., A. melliclypealis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Areotetes albiferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Areotetes carinuliferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., A. striatiferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Coleopioides diversinotum Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., C. postpectalis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Fopius dorsopiferus Li, van Achterberg & Tan, sp. n., Indiopius chenae Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opiognathus aulaciferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., O. brevibasalis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Opius crenuliferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., O. malarator Li, van Achterberg & Tan, sp. n., O. monilipalpis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., O. pachymerus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., O. songi Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., O. youi Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., O. zengi Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Phaedrotoma acuticlypeata Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. angiclypeata Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. antenervalis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. depressiclypealis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. flavisoma Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. nigrisoma Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. protuberator Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. rugulifera Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Li & van Achterberg, P. striatinota Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., P. vermiculifera Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Rhogadopsis latipennis Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., R. longicaudifera Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., R. maculosa Li, van Achterberg & Tan, sp. n., R. obliqua Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., R. sculpturator Li & van Achterberg, sp. n., Utetes longicarinatus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n. and Xynobius notauliferus Li & van Achterberg, sp. n. Areotetes van Achterberg & Li, gen. n. (type species: Areotetes carinuliferus sp. n.) and Coleopioides van Achterberg & Li, gen. n. (type species: Coleopioides postpectalis sp. n. are described. All species are illustrated and keyed. In total 30 species of Opiinae are sequenced and the cladograms are presented. Neopius Gahan, 1917, Opiognathus Fischer, 1972, Opiostomus Fischer, 1972, and Rhogadopsis Brèthes, 1913, are treated as a valid genera based on molecular and morphological differences. Opius vittata Chen & Weng, 2005 (not Opius vittatus Ruschka, 1915), O. ambiguus Weng & Chen, 2005 (not Wesmael, 1835) and O. mitis Chen & Weng, 2005 (not Fischer, 1963) are primary homonyms and are renamed into Phaedrotoma depressa Li & van Achterberg, nom. n., Opius cheni Li & van Achterberg, nom. n. and O. wengi Li & van Achterberg, nom. n., respectively. Phaedrotoma terga (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead, 1905) and Biosteres pavitita Chen & Weng, 2005, are reported new for Hunan, Opiostomus aureliae (Fischer, 1957) comb. n. is new for China and Hunan; Xynobius maculipennis (Enderlein, 1912) comb. n. is new for Hunan and continental China and Rhogadopsis longuria (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n. is new for Hunan. The following new combinations are given: Apodesmia puncta (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., A. tracta (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Areotetes laevigatus (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Phaedrotoma dimidia (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., P. improcera (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., P. amputata (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., P. larga (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., P. osculas (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., P. postuma (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., P. rugulosa (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., P. tabularis (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., Rhogadopsis apii (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., R. dimidia (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., R. diutia (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., R. longuria (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., R. pratellae (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., R. pratensis (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., R. sculpta (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n., R. sulcifer (Fischer, 1975) comb. n., R. tabidula (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n. , Xynobius complexus (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., X. indagatrix (Weng & Chen, 2005) comb. n., X. multiarculatus (Chen & Weng, 2005) comb. n. The following (sub)genera are synonymised: Snoflakopius Fischer, 1972, Jucundopius Fischer, 1984, Opiotenes Fischer, 1998, and Oetztalotenes Fischer, 1998, with Opiostomus Fischer, 1971; Xynobiotenes Fischer, 1998, with Xynobius Foerster, 1862; Allotypus Foerster, 1862, Lemnaphilopius Fischer, 1972, Agnopius Fischer, 1982, and Cryptognathopius Fischer, 1984, with Apodesmia Foerster, 1862; Nosopoea Foerster, 1862, Tolbia Cameron, 1907, Brachycentrus Szépligeti, 1907, Baeocentrum Schulz, 1911, Hexaulax Cameron, 1910, Coeloreuteus Roman, 1910, Neodiospilus Szépligeti, 1911, Euopius Fischer, 1967, Gerius Fischer, 1972, Grimnirus Fischer, 1972, Hoenirus Fischer, 1972, Mimirus Fischer, 1972, Gastrosema Fischer, 1972, Merotrachys Fischer, 1972, Phlebosema Fischer, 1972, Neoephedrus Samanta, Tamili, Saha & Raychaudhuri, 1983, Adontopius Fischer, 1984, Kainopaeopius Fischer, 1986, Millenniopius Fischer, 1996, and Neotropopius Fischer, 1999, with Phaedrotoma Foerster, 1862. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Henan is the main agricultural province in China and is the top producer of wheat, representing 25% of the national wheat output. Henan has been the top province in terms of total food crop production since 2000. So, agricultural residue resources, which could provide material for future social and economic development, are abundant in Henan. But the province is facing critical problems from burning agricultural residues. Both efficient use and environmental protection of the resources are beginning to receive more attention. This study assessed the agricultural residue resources available for utilization and examined recent development targets in Henan. Agricultural residues were estimated for the base year 2009. Approximately 59.12 million tonnes of agricultural residues were consumed in various ways, and the average percentage of agricultural residue utilization was 70.07%. Agricultural residue is mainly used as a fertilizer, an energy source, industrial material, forage, and as feedstock for edible fungi. Short-term targets were provided for the development of suitable uses for agricultural residues through several demonstration projects, which will help to increase the efficient use of agricultural residue in Henan, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a major public health issue in China. Studies of suicide risk factors have reported both inconsistent and inconclusive results. This review aimed to determine suicide risk factors in China. Methods: Medline/PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) and VIP (Chinese Journal of Science and Technology of VIP) were searched for relevant reports. Two investigators independently assessed the eligibility of identified studies and extracted data. Pooled odds ratios (and 95% confidence intervals) were calculated for each factor with Revman 5.0. Results: Forty-four studies with 192,362 subjects were included. The pooled results indicated that mood disorders and stressful life events (physical illness, suicide of relatives) increased the risk of suicide ideation among the entire population. Socio-family environment (single or remarried parent, study pressure and academic achievement) and unhealthy behaviors (smoking, alcohol drinking, and drug use) were risk factors for suicide ideation among youth. Unhealthy behaviors (smoking and alcohol drinking), mood disorders, and stressful life events (suicide of relatives) were the main risk factors for attempted suicide. Persons living in rural areas, and those with lower education, mood disorders, and/or a history of negative life events had a higher risk of completed suicide. In China, before 2000, females had a significantly higher rate of completed suicide than males, while after 2000, no significant gender difference was found. Conclusions: Socio-family environment, lifestyle, life events and psychiatric/psychological factors are associated with suicidal behaviors in China. Further case-control or cohort studies are needed to better understand suicide behaviors in China. Meanwhile, there is an urgent need for comprehensive studies of suicide interventions among high-risk populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Tourism marketing information system (Tour MIS) is system engineering. This system engineering is a marketing decision support system that supports the tourism industry and educational and research institutions in collecting, storing, processing, and disseminating information. Austria developed Tour MIS which should meet the need of decision-maker of tourism enterprise and tourism destination. Tourism is developing very fast in China. It is necessary to set up a Tour MIS of China. In this article, Tour MIS of Austria will be analysed so as to provide some lessons of China. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

China has undergone unprecedented legal reforms in the past three decades in an attempt to restore and reconstruct its legal system. This article provides an overview of the historical and recent developments of the legal system in China. It also discusses important issues such as judicial independence, criminal processes, legal representation, and professionalism among judicial officers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is estimated that approximately 20 million migrant school-aged children have accompanied their parents in relocating to cities in China. However, little research on the lives of these children has been conducted. The purpose of the present study is to identify the risk factors associated with the psychological wellbeing of children of migrant workers in Shanghai, China. A total of 625 children of migrant workers were recruited from ten primary and secondary schools in Shanghai through a survey design using the multistage cluster sampling method. Children of migrant workers were identified as mentally healthy or unhealthy using The revised child anxiety and depression scale. Socio-demographic characteristics, parent–child relationship, peer relationship and relationships in schools were explored as correlates of the psychological wellbeing of children of migrant workers. Compared to overseas studies, children of migrant workers suffered from symptoms of separation anxiety, depression and generalized anxiety disorder. They were male (OR = 1.88, 95% CI 0.99–3.60), older in age (OR = 1.18, 95% CI 0.99–1.40), experiencing parent–child conflicts (OR = 1.92, 95% CI 1.28–2.89), discipline from teacher (OR = 2.29, 95% CI 1.26–4.16) and discrimination in school (OR = 4.53, 95% CI 1.11–18.48). The findings provide information for the prevention of mental ill-health among children of migrant workers in China. The implications and limitations are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of macroalgal communities and the impact of sewage on their growth were studied in the tidal zone around Zhanqiao Pier of the Qingdao coastal area, in the northwest of the Yellow Sea, China, from September 2001 to September 2003. The tidal zone of the study area is divided into western and eastern sections by the Zhanqiao Pier. Inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus in seawater showed higher concentrations on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier than on the western side, because a sewer drains into the eastern side. The macroalgal communities on each side of the Pier showed an obvious difference due to the effect of this sewage discharge. A total of 47 macroalgal species including 10 greens, 11 browns and 26 reds was identified in this study. The species composition and biomass indicated higher values in the nutrient-rich area on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier compared with the nutrient-poor area on the western side of Zhanqiao Pier. Some ephemeral and filamentous species dominated seasonally on the eastern side of Zhanqiao Pier, in contrast to the western side where slow-growing species dominated throughout the year. Nutrient gradients and temperature were considered the main factors affecting the distribution of macroalgae communities in time and space. The results are consistent with the common observation that nutrient-poor areas are dominated by slow-growing rather than ephemeral algal species. Moreover, the species diversity in the whole study area had declined when compared to previous records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because bank employees have been found to be especially susceptible to burnout and depression, we explored the relationship between these variables, and examined the moderating effect of perceived employability on the burnout-depression relationship in a sample of Chinese bank employees. As we expected, burnout and perceived employability were, respectively, positively and negatively associated with depression. The results of hierarchical regression and structural equation modeling indicated that perceived employability moderated the relationship between burnout and depression; higher perceived employability was associated with a weaker relationship between burnout and depression. Interventions aimed at developing the perceived employability of Chinese bank employees may help to improve mental health in this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]