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1. Rapid Biodegradation of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Chlorpyrifos by Cupriavidus nantongensis X1 T .

Author

Shi T, Fang L, Qin H, Chen Y, Wu X, and Hua R

Subjects
Biodegradation, Environmental, Cupriavidus genetics, Cupriavidus isolation & purification, Aryldialkylphosphatase metabolism, Chlorpyrifos metabolism, Cupriavidus enzymology, Insecticides metabolism
Abstract

Chlorpyrifos was one of the most widely used organophosphorus insecticides and the neurotoxicity and genotoxicity of chlorpyrifos to mammals, aquatic organisms and other non-target organisms have caused much public concern. Cupriavidus nantongensis X1 T , a type of strain of the genus Cupriavidus , is capable of efficiently degrading 200 mg/L of chlorpyrifos within 48 h. This is ~100 fold faster than Enterobacter B-14, a well-studied chlorpyrifos-degrading bacterial strain. Strain X1 T can tolerate high concentrations (500 mg/L) of chlorpyrifos over a wide range of temperatures (30-42 °C) and pH values (5-9). RT-qPCR analysis showed that the organophosphorus hydrolase (OpdB) in strain X1 T was an inducible enzyme, and the crude enzyme isolated in vitro could still maintain 75% degradation activity. Strain X1 T can simultaneously degrade chlorpyrifos and its main hydrolysate 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. TCP could be further metabolized through stepwise oxidative dechlorination and further opening of the benzene ring to be completely degraded by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The results provide a potential means for the remediation of chlorpyrifos- contaminated soil and water., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Published
2019
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2. Pre- and Postnatal Dietary Exposure to a Pesticide Cocktail Disrupts Ovarian Functions in 8-Week-Old Female Mice

Author

Léonie Dopavogui, Florence Cadoret, Gaspard Loison, Sara El Fouikar, François-Xavier Frenois, Frank Giton, Sandrine Ellero-Simatos, Frédéric Lasserre, Arnaud Polizzi, Clémence Rives, Nicolas Loiseau, Roger D. Léandri, Nicolas Gatimel, Laurence Gamet-Payrastre, Toxicologie Intégrative & Métabolisme (ToxAlim-TIM), ToxAlim (ToxAlim), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Ecole d'Ingénieurs de Purpan (INPT - EI Purpan), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Développement Embryonnaire, Fertilité et Environnement (DEFE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Exposition, Perturbation Endocrino-métabolique et Reproduction (ToxAlim-EXPER), Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse - Oncopole (IUCT Oncopole - UMR 1037), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Mondor de Recherche Biomédicale (IMRB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR10-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), L.D. was supported by a Ph.D. grant from INRAE (Animal Health Department). This work was supported by a grant from the Ministry for Agriculture and Food and the Ministry for an Ecological and Solidary Transition, with the financial support of the French Biodiversity Agency (GepeTho), by ANR France (Syneract), and by Région Occitanie. This work also received funding from Agence de la Biomédecine (AOR 2019).This paper benefited from the Imag’IN Platform of the Institut Universitaire du Cancer from April 2019 to August 2021 https://www.imagin-labs.net/imagin_v2/index.php? lang=EN (last accessed on 5 June 2022). We thank X. Blanc from INRAe SAAJ (Jouy-en-Josas) for his technical support for pellet preparation., ANR-18-CE34-0009,SYNERACT,Activation synergique de recepteurs nucléaires(2018), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), LESUR, Hélène, and APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Activation synergique de recepteurs nucléaires - - SYNERACT2018 - ANR-18-CE34-0009 - AAPG2018 - VALID

Subjects
pesticide, folliculogenesis, ovary, endocrine disruption, progesterone, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Organic Chemistry, Pesticide Residues, General Medicine, Catalysis, Computer Science Applications, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Inorganic Chemistry, Dietary Exposure, Mice, Fruit, Animals, Female, Chlorpyrifos, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Pesticides, Molecular Biology, Spectroscopy
Abstract

International audience; Female infertility has a multifactorial origin, and exposure to contaminants, including pesticides, with endocrine-disrupting properties is considered to be involved in this reproductive disorder, especially when it occurs during early life. Pesticides are present in various facets of the environment, and consumers are exposed to a combination of multiple pesticide residues through food intake. The consequences of such exposure with respect to female fertility are not well known. Therefore, we aimed to assess the impact of pre- and postnatal dietary exposure to a pesticide mixture on folliculogenesis, a crucial process in female reproduction. Mice were exposed to the acceptable daily intake levels of six pesticides in a mixture (boscalid, captan, chlorpyrifos, thiacloprid, thiophanate and ziram) from foetal development until 8 weeks old. Female offspring presented with decreased body weight at weaning, which was maintained at 8 weeks old. This was accompanied by an abnormal ovarian ultrastructure, a drastic decrease in the number of corpora lutea and progesterone levels and an increase in ovary cell proliferation. In conclusion, this study shows that this pesticide mixture that can be commonly found in fruits in Europe, causing endocrine disruption in female mice with pre- and postnatal exposure by disturbing folliculogenesis, mainly in the luteinisation process.

Published
2022
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