Search

The vehicles are started or ignited using manual keys or sensor based keys. In two wheelers after placing keys the bike is started using either button or kicking method. The other vehicles are started using key cranking or key is placed in specific sensor control area and start button is pressed. The existing method makes any one can able to operate the vehicle if they have keys. The proposed method used to operate the vehicles only they are authorized. The authorization key is available in the controller memory. The proposed method uses dactylogram scanner to access the vehicles. The scanner scans the finger, if the person is authenticated immediately it allows the person to start the vehicles. The controller is attached with the relay electronic board which controls the ignition part. The proposed method uses ATMEGA 162. The device is able to access the vehicle by 3 persons. Only the specific 3 person finger prints are enrolled in the controller. The system is enabled with GSM access. If unauthenticated person access the finger print scanner, the vehicle is not ignited. The GSM module communicates the unauthenticated access attempt to the owner of the vehicles in the form of SMS. If the device is accessed with authenticated person and the vehicle is successfully started. In the meantime unauthorized person starts access with scanner, immediately message was received in the stored GSM mobile number. The average authentication time to start the vehicle is 3.81 s.

A real-time high-performance transmission bandwidth-aware (TB-aware) coding bit-rate (CBR) controller design with low power consumption and low hardware complexity is presented in this article for H.265/high-efficiency video coding (HEVC) in a multiprocessor system-on-chip (MPSoC). Previous TB-aware motion estimation designs with CBR-control capability in video coding have focused on algorithm development with precise CBR models, which require a complicated algorithmic derivation according to the system on-demand CBR and are difficult to realize in very large scale integration (VLSI) due to their lack of consideration for hardware implementation and modeling. Consequently, we present a hardware-oriented CBR-control algorithm that uses simple CBR control functions instead of requiring root and exponential operations to realize the real-time low-power design objective for HEVC applications within a mobile MPSoC. Then, an adequate hardware architecture with low hardware complexity is exploited to accomplish a low-power and high-speed VLSI design of a CBR controller for our proposed algorithm. Using diverse video-sized sequences under on-demand system coding-bit-rate constraints, the experimental outcomes demonstrate that the introduced design is capable of low power consumption and high speeds and can utilize low-complexity hardware.

Automatic room lights controller can be installed in which the room lights will turn on automatically upon detection of human motion and will stay tuned until the motion stops or the person has left the room. Such type of system can be implemented where we don’t require continuous light supply but only when a person is present. The common places where we can install the system are washrooms, bathrooms, office rooms, classrooms in schools and colleges, garages, etc. Also, using this controller system, we don’t need to worry about electricity as the room lights will switch off on their own when no person is present. A huge amount of energy and economy will also be saved . The main components of the Automatic Room Lights project are Arduino Uno, PIR Sensor and the Relay Module. Keywords: Arduino Uno, Lights, PIR sensor, Relay Module

This letter presents MAMMOBOT, one of the first millimetre-scale steerable soft growing robots for medical applications. MAMMOBOT aims to access the breast through the nipple and navigate the mammary ducts to detect precursors of invasive breast cancers. Addressing limitations of the state-of-the-art, MAMMOBOT maintains a hollow inner lumen throughout its soft body, enabling the passing of instruments such as miniature endoscopes, biopsy needles, and optical probes for in situ histopathology. MAMMOBOT is developed by a novel manufacturing approach entailing dual LDPE sheet adhesion with localised heat treatment. MAMMOBOT's steerability is achieved through a sub-millimetre profiled tendon-driven catheter that passes through its inner lumen. A duty cycle controller governs steering versus growing to achieve navigation in complex environments within a human-in-the-loop framework. Benchtop experimental evaluation demonstrates the robot's capabilities and agreement with a Reduced-Order Mode (ROM) of its dynamics. Finally, experimental evaluation on a bespoke breast phantom developed for the purposes of this project demonstrates the clinical relevance and potential impact of MAMMOBOT.

In an 8B/10B mode giga-bit-per-second serial data transactions, the de-serialized data is sent to a comma detection and word alignment (CDWA) module to identify the word boundaries, which is a prerequisite in the high-speed transceivers such as PCIe, USB and JESD204B/C. In order to ensure that the comma code (/K/-code) can be correctly detected. Ten 10-bit comma detector cells are adopted in a typical CDWA module, which require a complex circuitry and an enormous power consumption. To overcome these limitations, a low-area and low-power CDWA circuit for JESD204B/C transceiver chip in 8B/10B mode has been proposed in this paper. The bit width of the detector cells can be truncated from 10 to 6 under the condition, that CDWA module can detect a complete comma code correctly. On one hand, the proposed CDWA module is verified with a FPGA development platform with the reduction of the hardware resources and power consumption to 31.72% and 20.11% respectively as compared to the typical structure available. On the other hand, a 10-Gbps transceiver chip with the proposed CDWA module is fabricated with a 55-nm CMOS process and the word alignment function of the proposed module is proved by the measurement results. The area of this transceiver chip including $2\times $ transmitting links and $2\times $ receiving links is 2.89 mm2, and the power consumption is 467.8 mW, under a maximum data transmission rate of 10 Gbps.

The Arduino UNO microcontroller based smart portable soil testing system is developed to determine the values like pH content and moisture level. This can be done using the sensor respectively to check the values. The GSM Module which uses the mobile communication to communicate the value to the given mobile. The communication method used here to retrieve the values whenever it is necessary and after getting the values it would be displayed in LCD. Then when the button is pressed, the GSM starts to work, search for the signal and after responding to the signal the values are sent to the registered mobile. This method would be easier to check the value of soil so that it will be viewed whenever the values are needed. It describes that the values are available at our doorstep because it is smart portable monitoring system. This project helps us to create a new idea to do further additional functions that can be done.

This will be very useful for residents of the house to prevent what can cause a fire incident. In the main research, system design will make a fire detector and smoke and gas detector, using 3 Flame Sensors and 3 MQ-2 Sensors. This design concept will be installed in each room which consists of 3 rooms. The microcontroller used in this design system is an Arduino Nano microcontroller which functions as part of the Flame Sensor controller, MQ-2 Sensor, WeMos D1 Mini, Relay, and Buzzer. Furthermore, the system output uses a Flame Sensor which is already in a HIGH state so that it can activate automatic shutdown, and the tool can submit a notification to the occupants of the house via an android application called Blynk and an alarm sounds. If the implementation of the MQ-2 Sensor is in a HIGH state, the system will provide warning instructions in the form of a notification from the android and an alarm will sound for the occupants of the house. So that the residents of the house will be prepared to take action to extinguish the fire in the house. Keywords : Fire, Flame Sensor, MQ-2 Sensor

In this paper we will discuss about the Automatic sun tracking system which we will implement on metal detectionaobotic system, where robotic spontaneous sun tracing system is a hybrid hardware/software prototype, whichautomatically furnish best positioningof panelwith the sunlight to get maximal electric charge generation through solar panel. It’s active sensors continuously observed the monochromaticrays of sun and spin the panel about the direction where the potential of sun rays is maximal. A micro-controller works on automatic sun tracing deviceconnected with the new solar power transformunit is developed & execute. The automatic sun tracker is executed with a DC motor and a DC Motor controller. The conditions of the hardware subjected to the changes of the environmental conditions. In the new unit of the MAXIMUM POWER POINT is resolved to easy insertion software with a present sweep perspective, with this new perspective the standardization of the transform from solar energy to electric energy at its maximal power point can be develops extra definitive and extra authentication.

Current interaction modalities for mobile Augmented Reality (AR) are tedious and lack expressiveness. To overcome these prevalent limitations, we developed and evaluated a multimodal interaction concept by pairing a smartphone as an input and output modality for mobile AR. In a user study (n = 24), we investigated the effects on interaction speed, accuracy, and task load for (1) virtual object manipulation as well as (2) interaction with established graphical user interfaces (GUIs). Our findings show that a smartphone-based AR controller results in significantly faster and more accurate object manipulation with reduced task load than state-of-art mid-air gestures. Our results also indicate a significant enhancement for using the physical touchscreen as a modality compared to mid-air gestures for GUI interaction. We conclude that interaction in mobile AR environments can be improved by utilizing a smartphone as an omnipresent controller. Additionally, we discuss how future AR systems can benefit from tangible touchscreens as an additional and complementary interaction modality.

A novel technique for transmission of information through visible light communication (VLC) is developed in this study. A light-emitting diode is used as the light source at the transmitting side to send the encrypted information. At the receiving side, a light sensor, OPT-101, is used to receive the light signals that carry the encrypted information. The Arduino Due microcontroller board is used for digital signal processing at both the transmitting and receiving sides. Furthermore, to prevent the transmitted message from being intercepted, two chaotic systems, a master and a slave, with a synchronization controller are designed to obtain the transmitted audio signals. The design enables not only a VLC system with the light transmission path as a straight line (so that data cannot be stolen) but also the encryption of the audio signals with the chaotic system (Rössler system) to enhance data transmission security. The effectiveness of this system is then experimentally verified.

This work presents a real-time 100Base-TX Ethernet physical layer (PHY) transceiver chip implemented in a 180-nm technology. The PHY chip implements highly accurate hardware timestamping by using an 8-bit digital-to-phase converter (DPC) generating 256 phases of the 125 MHz system clock. Using these clock phases, spaced 31.25 ps apart from each other, phase relationships can be evaluated to timestamp ingress and egress frames with improved resolution. Connected by up to 120-m-long category five unshielded twisted-pair cables, two of these PHY chips are used to demonstrate the synchronization in a two-node scenario. A proportional–integral (PI)-clock servo is used at the slave for the synchronization. To optimize the performance, the parameters of the controller need to be chosen carefully. To do so, a simple model is used to find a suitable bandwidth of the controller as a tradeoff between the noise of the timestamping and the noise of the oscillator. All in all, a synchronization accuracy with a standard deviation of only 64 ps and a mean offset of well below 100 ps is achieved in the given scenario. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest synchronization accuracy over copper-based Ethernet reported to date.

This work presents the design and construction of an SMS-based unlocker system that will allow users to lock or unlock a specific door without using the conventional method. The chief component used in the design of this device is the Atmega328 microcontroller (IC1). The device was designed in modules that include the system power supply unit, microcontroller unit, PIR motion sensor, and GSM SIM900 module. These discrete parts or components on their own are made up of smaller components. The different modules were put together in a particular pattern to form the circuit design. SMS from the authorized user’s mobile phone enables the Arduino controller to automatically unlock the security door when necessary. Basically, it reads the SMS and acts according to the message command, hence allowing the authorized owner to remotely control the door from anywhere using a mobile phone and preventing unauthorized access to the door. The GSM based door unlocking system constructed worked effectively when tested in homes and office doors and is thus recommended in every home for security purposes.

Problem statement. A programmable logic controller is a key tool for automating technological processes and production in the energy sector, transport infrastructure, industry, agriculture, housing and communal services. In the article the development of a programmable logic controller based entirely on domestic hardware components is considered.Objective. To offer circuit solutions that allow developing a programmable logic controller using domestic hardware components exclusively.Results. Schematic solutions and achieved technical parameters of programmable logic controller are presented. The controller was developed entirely on the domestic element base at the enterprise JSC “Avangard” (St. Petersburg). The parameters of the controller correspond to the main indicators of the technical assignment for its development during the implementation of the Comprehensive Project under the State Program of the Ministry of Industry and Trade of the Russian Federation.Practical implications. Production of programmable logic controllers based on the domestic hardware components exclusively solves the national goal of import substitution of devices of this class.

The mainstay of the project “Automatic room light controller using PIR Sensor and Ardiuno” is the importance of seismological research around the globe is very clear. Where the lights in the room will automatically turn on upon detecting a human motion and stay turned on until the person has left or there is no motion. Initially, when there is no human movement, the PIR Sensor doesn’t detect any person and its OUT pin stays LOW. As the person enters the room, the change in infrared radiation in the room is detected by the PIR Sensor. It can be used to turn ON and OFF the lighting system of the home automatically by detecting the presence of humans. This in turn will make the Arduino to turn OFF the relay (make the relay pin HIGH) and the room light will be turned off quickly as per the time delays sets in the program. Keywords: Aurdino UNO, PIR sensor, Relay unit, room light

Advance of a road traffic light control system using Programmable Logic Controller is the principal of the system. This system can be divided into two parts which are hardware and software. The hardware part for this system is a model of four -way junction of a traffic light. The Red, Yellow and Green are installed at each lane to represent as a traffic light signal indicator. This switches and lamps are linked to PLC. The PLC receives signal which is coming from the inputs (sensor and switch) and drives the units (lamps or relays). In the system, Siemens s7-200 PLC is used as the main controller of the traffic light system. The Step7 Micro Win software can be developed the ladder logic diagram which can control the traffic light for proposed system. So, the traffic light system can be successfully controlled by PLC.

An energy-efficient capsule network accelerator is proposed for real-time 3D point cloud segmentation in mobile devices. The proposed accelerator adopts the pipelined heterogeneous core architecture to achieve $1.55\times $ throughput enhancement. Furthermore, the proposed dynamic route skipping controller predicts unimportant operations and skips them to reduce the external memory access by 39.1%. At last, the new squash activation function unit exploits the look-up table (LUT) based computing with L2-norm approximation to minimize the power and area overhead. The proposed architecture is implemented with the FPGA, Altera Cyclone V 5CEBA9F31C7 and we test capsule network-based 3D point cloud segmentation application. It consumes 2.15 W power and shows 0.05 TOPS/W energy-efficiency. Also, the architecture is simulated with the 65nm CMOS technology, showing 94.3mW power consumption and 1.15 TOPS/W energy-efficiency.

BACKGROUND: Modern consumer electronic devices and automobiles are often controlled by interfaces that sense physical gestures and spoken commands. In contrast, patient monitors and anesthesia devices are typically equipped with panel-mounted buttons, dials and keyboards. The increased use of non-contact gesture-based interfaces in anesthesia may improve patient safety through more intuitive and prompter control of equipment, and also through reduced rates of surface contamination. A novel gesture-based controller was designed and retrofitted to a standard GE Solar 8000M patient monitor. This type of technical innovation is rare, due to closely-held proprietary input control systems on commercially produced clinical equipment. Nevertheless, we hypothesized that anesthesiologists would find a contactless gesture interface straightforward to use. METHODS: A gesture-based interface system was developed to control a Solar 8000M patient monitor using a millimeter wave radar sensor. The system was programmed to detect non-contact “rotate” and “press” gestures to control the patient monitor by implementing a virtual trim knob for interface control. Fifty anesthesiologists tested a prototype interface and evaluated usability by completing a short questionnaire incorporating modified Likert scales. These evaluations were performed in a non-patient-care environment so that respondents were not adversely task-loaded during assessment, also allaying any ethical or safety concerns regarding use of this novel interface for patient management. RESULTS: Anesthesia hardware was controlled reliably with two distinct gestures above the gesture sensor. The gesture-based interface generally was well received by anesthesiologists (8.09 (Confidence Interval 8.06,8.12) on a 10-point scale), who preferred the simpler “press” gesture to the “rotate” gesture (8.45 (8.39,8.51) vs 7.73 (7.67,7.79) on a 10-point scale, p = 0.005). The correlation between the preference scores for the two gestures from each anesthesiologist was strong (Pearson r = 0.49 (0.25,0.68), p < 0.001). Advancing level of training (Resident, Fellow, Attending 1-10 years, Attending > 10 years) was not correlated with preference scores for either gesture (Spearman ρ = −0.02 (−0.30,0.26), p = 0.87 for “press” and Spearman ρ = 0.08 (−0.20,0.35), p = 0.58 for “rotate”). CONCLUSIONS: The use of gesture sensing for controlling anesthesia equipment was well-received by a cohort of anesthesiologists. Even though the simpler “press” gesture was preferred over the “rotate” gesture, the intra-respondent correlation indicates that the preference for gestures as a whole is the stronger effect. No adverse relationship was found between acceptability and anesthesia experience level. Gesture sensing is a promising new area to simplify and improve the interaction between the anesthesiologist and the anesthesia workstation.

The necessity for a radiation-tolerant communication link, compatible with a wide range of devices, has prompted the study of different solutions than those currently employed at CERN. With Ethernet being one of the most established communication protocols for commercial and industrial applications, most of the efforts were concentrated toward that direction. To evaluate the feasibility of using this protocol in the radiation environment of CERN, several Ethernet-based solutions have been implemented based on a system on chip (SoC), in which a flash-based field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and a $\mu $ controller coexist, making the system highly configurable. The proposed solutions are qualified at the system level using accelerated testing means, in order to compare their performances. The results of this study are then used to estimate the reliability of the different solutions using classic models, considering a variety of different installation scenarios inside the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) tunnel.

Robotic technology that is developing rapidly triggers robotics developers to improve their abilities, especially in the field of robot control and monitoring. Today, robots are indeed present in human life in various forms. One type of robot that is often developed by robotics developers is the Industrial Mini Manual Robot. An industrial mini manual robot is a transporter robot that is equipped with a gripper and is controlled manually by the user through a joystick controller both wired and wireless. The manual robot with cable joystick control is very inefficient in its use so research on wireless joysticks is carried out. However, the current wireless joystick still uses the single-channel method, thereby eliminating multitasking capabilities such as those of the wired joystick robot. In this research, the design of multichannel transceivers for control and monitoring so that the robot has the ability to multitasking and the movement of the robot is not disturbed by wires. Multichannel transceivers use different frequency channels to transmit data. The command data and monitoring data can be transmitted simultaneously. This multi-channel transceiver has an average pairing time of 23.59 ms, a range of 116 meters in each channel and large power consumption of 59 mA.

The IP-core for QR-code generation, which supports codes of the first version and the M-type level of correction (allows to recover information from damaged up to 15% code image) is developed. Based on this IP-core and the DE1-SoC development board, containing the Cyclone V FPGA chip, the real QR-code generation device was implemented. The device uses the PS/2 interface to enter text data that should be encoded in the QR-code and output the result (generated code) on a VGA monitor as an image. The suggested device has the following structure: the control module, the IP-core for QR-code generation, and I/O modules. The control module performs the general device management and implemented as the state machine, which has the following states: reset and memory cleaning, read the text that should be encoded from the keyboard, create the main part of the QR-code, create correction data, combine the correction data with the main part of the QR-code, transform the result into a 21x21 pixel matrix and displaying the code on the screen. The input module reads the keyboard signals (synchronization and data signal) and converts them into the ASCII codes. To do this, on each falling edge of the synchronization signal the values of the data signal are registered and propagated to the 8-bit bus. Since the keyboard may have a contact bounce, this module additionally filters the received data using the delay filtering. The output module is the VGA controller that simply generates the necessary clock signals for the proper VGA monitor functioning. After the QR-code is generated, its matrix is enlarged and passed to the VGA controller. Also, in parallel with that, the text, which was encoded in the code, is printed on the display. The IP block for QR-code generation consists of three submodules. The first one receives a text in ASCII format (now only 14 characters are supported) and generates the primary sequence of data to be encrypted in the code. The second submodule calculates the correction data using the Reed-Solomon algorithm. To use this algorithm, the additional array is reserved to store the correction data. This array is filled with special information, depending on the level of correction and the code version number. The algorithm also requires tables of the forward and reverse Galois fields, which are precalculated and stored in the submodule’s ROM. The third module generates the matrix itself: it places the alignment patterns, the information of the used type of mask, level of correction, and adds timing patterns. After that, the mask superimposed on the data generated by the previous module, and the result is copied to the code’s matrix in the required order.

Background Animal learning based on brain stimulation is an application in a brain-computer interface. Especially for birds, such a stimulation system should be sufficiently light without interfering with movements of wings. Objective We proposed a fully-implantable system for wirelessly navigating a pigeon. In this paper, we report a handheld neural stimulation controller for this avian navigation guided by remote control. Methods The handheld controller employs ZigBee to control pigeon's behaviors through brain stimulation. ZigBee can manipulate brain stimulation remotely while powered by batteries. Additionally, simple switches enable users to customize parameters of stimuli like a gamepad. These handheld and user-friendly interfaces make it easy to use the controller while a pigeon flies in open areas. Results An electrode was inserted into a nucleus (formatio reticularis medialis mesencephalic) of a pigeon and connected to a stimulator fully-implanted in the pigeon's back. Receiving signals sent from the controller, the stimulator supplied biphasic pulses with a duration of 0.080 ms and an amplitude of 0.400 mA to the nucleus. When the nucleus was stimulated, a 180-degree turning-left behavior of the pigeon was consistently observed. Conclusions The feasibility of remote avian navigation using the controller was successfully verified.

This study aims to design a prototype Arduino-based portal door controller system device using a smartphone. The making of the tool is done as one of the efforts in advancing technology to provide convenience and comfort through the development of an automated system in the home in the form of automatic portal doors using smartphones. The components used for system design are Arduino REV3 microcontroller module, USB 2.0 type A / B cable (Arduino USB cable), SG90 9g servo motor, red and green LEDs, 220Ω resistor, mini protoboard, connecting cable, jumper cable, and bluetooth module HC06, Powerbank with a capacity of 5600 mAh and a smartphone, while designing software uses Arduino IDE. Based on the results of measurements and testing, the system on the device made is able to open and close the portal door automatically at a maximum distance of 15 meters with a maximum response time of 1 second in open space

Monitoring the state of the optical network is a key enabler for programmability of network functions, protocols and efficient use of the spectrum. A particular challenge is to provide the SDN-EON controller with a panoramic view of the complete state of the optical spectrum. This paper describes an architecture for compact on-chip spectrometry targeting high resolution across the entire C-band to reliably and accurately measure the spectral profile of WDM signals in fixed and flex-grid architectures. An industry standard software tool is used to validate the performance of the spectrometer. The fabrication of the proposed design is found to be practical.

Designing resource-efficient deep neural networks (DNNs) is a challenging task due to the enormous diversity of applications as well as their time-consuming design, training, optimization, and evaluation cycles, especially the resource-constrained embedded systems. To address these challenges, we propose a novel DNN design framework called accuracy-and-performance-aware neural architecture search (APNAS), which can generate DNNs efficiently, as it does not require hardware devices or simulators while searching for optimized DNN model configurations that offer both inference accuracy and high execution performance. In addition, to accelerate the process of DNN generation, APNAS is built on a weight sharing and reinforcement learning-based exploration methodology, which is composed of a recurrent neural network controller as its core to generate sample DNN configurations. The reward in reinforcement learning is formulated as a configurable function to consider the sample DNNs' accuracy and cycle count required to run on a target hardware architecture. To further expedite the DNN generation process, we devise analytical models for cycle count estimation instead of running millions of DNN configurations on real hardware. We demonstrate that these analytical models are highly accurate and provide cycle count estimates identical to those of a cycle-accurate hardware simulator. Experiments that involve quantitatively varying hardware constraints demonstrate that APNAS requires only 0.55 graphics processing unit (GPU) days on a single Nvidia GTX 1080Ti GPU to generate DNNs that offer an average of 53% fewer cycles with negligible accuracy degradation (on average 3%) for image classification compared to state-of-the-art techniques.

Remotely operated Czochralski puller, Automatic Crystal Puller System (ACPS) with a translation nano-resolution of 20 nm, is designed and developed for high quality crystal growth applications. The system comprises the Programmable System-on-chip hardware with integrated firmware and user-friendly graphical user interface. The controller is attached to high precision specially designed mechanical crystal pulling system. ACPS provides controlled bi-directional rotation speed of 0.01–59.99 rpm and translation motion of 0.001–99.99 mm/h. The wireless operation of ACPS from remote desktop devices is implemented using ZigBee Radio-frequency modules, which facilitates controlling the system for user without entering into the furnace room. The performance of the system was evaluated by growing KCl single crystals and analysing the quality of the grown crystals using various techniques. This paper describes the design and development of wireless nano-resolution Czochralski puller and evaluation of performance for real time crystal growth applications.The developed system can be used to grow many technologically important crystals with optimized growth procedures.

To develop an FPGA-based controller, we proposed the architecture and implementation schemes for the controller and determined the technical indexes for the design. The schemes include the board layout and design of the logic daughter card for the architecture of the FPGA-based controller. To improve reliability, self-diagnosis and self-protection circuits are included in the controller design. The data communication design mainly consists of backplane serial data communication, a 422/485 serial data communication daughter card, and an I/O daughter card. We developed a prototype controller and established a propellant loading prototype control system for a space launch site. Experimental results show that the performance of the designed FPGA-based controller meets the major technical indexes. The controller is then compared with existing PLCs. The comparison shows that the FPGA-based controller has higher reliability, faster response time, and better performance.

Real time tracking of the manufacturing parts in an assembly is a current area of focus in Industry 4.0.And group technology is widely used to classify the manufacturing parts in many manufacturing scenarios. Using controllers attached to RFID module and accelerometers, bulk value of data is produced. This data can be processed further to produce valuable information such as, productivity, stage of processing, quality of the part and machine/tool life prediction. The developed architecture continuously checks for RFID cards. On reading a RFID card, the controller identifies apart and starts storing sensor information until a second RFID reader detects the same part, after a process. This process continues for all incoming parts and the information is stored in a database which can be further processed for valuable output. The machined parts are tracked until assembly and are grouped with respect to geometry, machine operation and materials used. Data such as vibration during machine operation is acquired to monitor the quality of the part and to understand the wear of the tool. The system works with a microcontroller, multiple RFID, SD module, Wi-Fi module and uses SPI protocol for operation and is capable of ensuring the quality of the process and the product. The developed architecture for RFID embedded solution for group technology is integrated with data analytics engine and machine learning module, thereby enabling real-time tracking of part quality and productivity

Linear array CCD has been widely used in non-contact photoelectric detection system, and the design of its driving circuit is one of the key technologies of the detection system. A high-speed data acquisition system of linear array CCD based on FPGA as the main controller and FT245RL as the USB interface chip is proposed. Firstly, based on the timing analysis of linear array CCD, using Verilog Hardware Description Language, the interface timing logic control circuit of linear array CCD driver, ADC and USB is designed. The functions of collecting 3648 pixels at a rate of 10 frames per second and uploading transient spectral information to PC for storage and display through USB2.0 interface are realized. It can provide a technical reference for CCD data acquisition system with similar requirements.

The purpose of this research is to create a smart system based on internet of things (IoT) application for a plant aquarium. This smart system helps users to maintain the environment's parameters of the plant aquarium. In this study, the parameters to be controlled by the system are light intensity and temperature. The hardware used to develop this system is the ESP32 as the microcontroller, BH1750FVI as the light sensor, high power led (HPL) light-emitting diodes (LED) lamp as the light source, DS18B20 as temperature sensor, the heater, and the 220 VAC fan that is used to raise and lower the temperature. In this study also developed an application that is used by the user to provide input to the system. The developed application is then installed on the user's smartphone and used to connect the user to the system via the internet. The ease of adding and removing devices used on the system is a capability that is also being developed in this smart system. The developed system can produce light intensity with accuracy rate of 96% and always manage to keep the temperature within the predetermined range.

We proposed a design method of infrared video processor, hereinafter referred to as processor, used on geostationary orbit (GEO), for the performance of detector degraded after long time working in the complex space environment. Compared with the traditional design, this method used on-obit calibration technology to update the image preprocessing algorithm parameters and defective pixels. It improved single event effect (SEE) ability and implemented updatable function for the program of main controller, by used on-obit dynamic refresh and injection technology. The experimental results show that, the image quality kept stable when the performance of detector degraded. And the imaging system worked normally, and no need to reload the program of main controller when SEE occurs. It can also update and load the program of main controller with bus instruction. This method ensures the processor working normally in harsh space environment, and provides technical expertise for the follow-up design of processor.

At this stage, there are more and more researches on the mechanism and application of LED light sources for cardiovascular system diseases. This article focuses on cardiovascular system diseases, and conducts research on the mechanism and application of LED light sources. This paper develops an LED lighting medical experiment detection platform based on embedded technology. The equipment uses STM32 microprocessor as the core controller, using red LED light source chips and a variety of different center wavelength LED light source narrow-band filter film chips.The test results show that the platform is simple to operate, stable and reliable in light intensity, and has a friendly human-computer interaction interface. The light source can be adjusted directly by controlling the display screen to meet the requirements of light medical experiments.

The GALS (Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous) paradigm is a promising alternative to implement SoC (Systems-on-Chip). GALS systems are formed by synchronous modules that operate with unrelated clock signals and interact with self-timed communication. An asynchronous wrapper is generated for each synchronous module, where a clock generator and communication ports (asynchronous channels) are inserted. Two criticisms of GALS systems based on the asynchronous wrapper are the cost of communication and metastability. In this paper, we propose a new asynchronous wrapper geared towards the GALS pipeline. Compared to asynchronous wrappers from the literature, it reduces communication cost and area reduction and is free of metastability. Our wrapper's main feature is a new controller port that performs the two-phase protocol's input/ output communication functions and generates the stretchable clock signal.

Most detectors for nuclear physics experiments are detector arrays composed of numerous units. Testing each detector unit is a major part of the research work on detector arrays. To save time and simplify the research process, a ROOT-based detector test system was designed for detector unit testing. The test system is a general purpose and expandable software system that can support most of the hardware devices in the market. Users can easily build a complete detector test system using the required hardware devices. The software is based on the ROOT framework and is operated on the Linux platform. The software of the test system consists of four parts: the controller, data acquisition(DAQ), high-voltage power supply, and online monitoring and analysis. In addition, a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) was designed for user convenience. Moreover, the online analysis function of the software can implement automatic peak searching and spectrum fitting for different radioactive sources, and the results under different conditions can be shown automatically. The completion of the test system could greatly simplify the development process of the detector.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed people’s lives and has brought society to a sudden standstill, with lockdowns and social distancing as the preferred preventative measures. To lift these measurements and reduce society’s burden, developing an easy-to-use, rapid, and portable system to detect SARS-CoV-2 is mandatory. To this end, we developed a portable and semi-automated device for SARS-CoV-2 detection based on reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification followed by a CRISPR/Cas12a reaction. The device contains a heater element mounted on a printed circuit board, a cooler fan, a proportional integral derivative controller to control the temperature, and designated areas for 0.2 mL Eppendorf® PCR tubes. Our system has a limit of detection of 35 copies of the virus per microliter, which is significant and has the capability of being used in crisis centers, mobile laboratories, remote locations, or airports to diagnose individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. We believe the current methodology that we have implemented in this article is beneficial for the early screening of infectious diseases, in which fast screening with high accuracy is necessary.

This paper describes the development of a laboratory demonstration controller board using the Arduino Uno micro controller platform. The platform is intended to assist in demonstrating closed loop feedback concepts taught as part of the electrical engineering curriculum at CQUniversity Australia. The platform consists of an Arduino Uno and custom designed shield to allow the micro-controller to more easily interface with 24V equipment used in the laboratories. Also developed as part of the platform are 2 additional boards to handle signal conversion for equipment used in the lab and a software interface using MATLAB®/SIMULINJ(® for the programming and real time monitoring of the hardware. The effectiveness of the platform is evaluated regarding its effectiveness as a teaching too using an application example.

The Large Format Array-Controller (aLFA-C) development is sponsored by the ESA Cosmic Vision Program, resulting in an interfacing ASIC matched to the larger, clearer, lower-temperature focal plane arrays (FPA’s) demanded for future astronomical science missions [1]. The goal of this ASIC is to control and readout detector arrays and address the stringent operation requirements detector in a cryogenic infrared (IR) spacecraft environment [2]. Destined for use in space, the device is designed “radiation hard” throughout, and uses the imec DARE technology in the digital core and Caeleste’s “RH” in the analog part. The ASIC is capable of driving power supplies and bias lines, of delivering timing sequences, of acquiring the output signals of a wide range of FPA technologies, at temperatures even below 30K, with high accuracy; and of interfacing with the warm front-end electronics via a SpaceWire interface. For external use, the chip contains 12 regulators (LDO or normal regulator), 32 accurate voltage sources (VDAC), 8 programmable current sources (IDAC), 36 analog to digital converters(ADC) running at 100 kHz sampling rate, of which 32 can be interleaved to allow higher conversion rates on fewer channels, each input signal can be amplified and conditioned by a low noise programmable gain amplifier, and then digitized by a 16-bit successive approximation analog-to-digital converter (SAR-ADC). The programmable sequencer allows for 8 signal loops with a maximum word depth of 512, capable to work together with the embedded S8 microprocessor for more elaborate schemes. The specified operating range is 35 – 400K, yet the ASIC is found to be fully functional from 25K to room temperature (elevated temperature not yet tested). This paper presents an overview of the aLFA-C ASIC design with descriptions of its analog, mixed-signal and digital circuit blocks, test environment and preliminary test results.

In this article, the formulation of the problem of hardware implementation on a programmable logic integrated circuit (FPGA) driver for the VGA interface is considered. In the course of work, various methods and techniques of circuit design are used: graphical input of circuits, description of circuits in the language of description of electronic circuits - VHDL [1], use of ready-made circuit blocks - IP-cores, low-level programming. Problems of interaction with peripheral devices (buttons, sliders, rotation angle sensor - encoder) are solved in hardware. The tasks of displaying text and graphic information on the display via a VGA interface are being solved. The hardware controller is implemented to control the device using the VHDL language, the command system is selected. Estimates of hardware costs and test results of the developed device are presented.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) synchronization is useful to avoid the effects of cardiac motion in medical measurements, and is widely used in standard medical imaging. A number of medical equipment include embedded commercial synchronizers. However, the use of independent synchronization modules is sometimes needed when several non-integrated instruments are used, or in the development of new medical instruments and procedures. We present a simple low-cost ECG synchronizer module based on an Arduino controller board that converts the ECG signal into a transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) one, allowing real-time medical measurements triggered at specific phases of the cardiac cycle. The device and conversion algorithm developed is optimized in vitro using synthetic and human ECG signals, and tested in vivo on three swine specimens. Error rates during the in vivo testing stage remain below the 2% of the cycles in all animals and critical false positives are less than 1%, which is sufficient for most applications. Possible algorithm updates are discussed if its performance needs to be improved. This research was funded by grants from the Instituto de Salud Carlos III [PI18/00256], the Fundació La MARATÓ de TV3 (20153530/31), the Sociedad Española de Cardiología, and the Generalitat de Catalunya [2017-SGR-483]. This work was also funded by CaixaImpulse (CI20/00230), and the Red de Terapia Celular—TerCel [RD16/0011/0006] and CIBER Cardiovascular [CB16/11/00403] projects, as part of the Plan Nacional de I+D+I, and cofunded by ISCIII-Subdirección General de Evaluación y el Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER). F.M. acknowledges support from the Catalan Government through COFUND and the Unidad de Excelencia Maria de Maeztu MDM-2016-0600.

This paper focuses on 3 main subjects; the first is the presentation and implementation of a PLC concept as a core component to control the system in the industry. The next subject of this work involves some tests to detect 2D barcodes with a web camera on 5 similar workpieces. It is difficult to classify and detect 2D barcodes since they are small about a size of 0.5×0.5 cm2 patterned squares. The last part of the paper presents the implementation of a technique by using a microcontroller to link between a vision system and PLC. This method can be used in an old type of PLC without an additional equipment in the PLC, which can be connected to various types of cameras. The results of the system test show that the vision system can operate in the automatic classifying machine of the PLC controller. The machine vision can classify similar workpieces by using small 2D barcodes with image processing methods. The workpieces are stored in the correct position of 5 boxes in the storage compartment. This method of using a microcontroller interface with image processing and the PLC was successful. HIGHLIGHTS Web camera sensor read 2D barcodes Decoding 2D barcode and transform to digital signal Incorporating image processing into PLC system by using microcontroller and relay Transform signal into PLC processing to classifying the workpieces GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

This paper presents a method to detect and correct single event upsets likely to occur in the configuration memory of SRAM-based FPGAs especially in a spaceborne scenario, specifically addressing the Virtex-5QV FPGAs. As compared to DWC or TMR techniques, the scrubbing approach is instead preferred; the internal type being superior due to self-contained configuration interfaces. A Finite State Machine based controller is used to control the detection of memory upsets and subsequently to effect the scrubbing process. Internal Configuration Access Port primitive is used to read the configuration memory frames and an Error Correction Code primitive used to detect & locate the single bit error location inside a frame. Hardware implementation of the proposed technique is carried out and the simulation results presented. Pulsing diagrams indicate successful SEU detection and subsequent scrubbing through the PRGRAM_B pin of the FPGA, that may be invoked by telecommand on-board.

Those SSDs are adopted ELPIS controller. Many data center customers are developing their servers using the SSDs.

The use of serial control signal in a multi-function chip can reduce the number of chip input ports, thereby reducing chip area and saving costs. However, during chip testing, there may be errors in signal logic or timing generated by the external serial signal controller. This paper designs a verification circuit for a serial signal controller. It converts the serial signal generated by the controller into a parallel signal according to the requirements of the multi-function chip. It is convenient for the logic and timing test when the verification circuit is used. The verified serial signal controller can control the multi-function chip normally, and realize receiving and transmitting state, and set different phase shift and attenuation value.

Serial communication buses are used in electronic systems to interconnect sensors and other devices, but two of the most widely used protocols, I2C and SPI, are vulnerable to bus-wide failures if even one device on the bus malfunctions. For aerospace applications demanding increasingly more distributed processing and sensing capability, the compounding risk to system reliability as device count scales becomes a limiting factor in mission scope, performance, and lifetime. We propose a simple external circuit to be added to each node on a communication bus that automatically isolates the node in the event of device failure. By automatically isolating failed devices, the integrity of the bus is preserved without requiring additional signals or processing overhead from the host controller. In this article, I2C and SPI isolation circuits are simulated, fabricated, and experimentally verified to be effective at preserving bus integrity in the event of peripheral device failure. Generalized reusable circuit blocks were designed and integrated into three spacecraft systems for the successful NASA V-R3x mission deployed in January 2021. The addition of serial bus isolation significantly improved system reliability for the V-R3x mission by eliminating single-point failure modes of the I2C and SPI buses interconnecting sensors and radios necessary for mission success. The developed protection schemes are a new tool for decoupling system reliability from serial bus device count and can readily be integrated into existing aerospace systems.

The SICOLET project is centered around a collaborative multi-agent system consisting of an ekranoplan, an unmanned aerial drone and a ground- based vehicle which is equipped with a mechanical manipulation device. All the agents are capable of a semi-autonomous operation, meaning, they can all be controlled manually via analog commands from the operator using a radio controller or by using a control algorithm, the operator giving the agents a set of instructions consisting of a set of waypoints and commands specific for every agent. Each agent is equipped with cameras, a wireless 5.8 GHz transmitter, a 2.4 GHz transceiver and a Raspberry Pi that allows localized image processing when the agent is unable to reach the command center via normal means of communication due to interferences from the environment. This paper focuses on the radio network and the algorithms that allow the agents to communicate with each other in the absence of a command signal from the command center. They are developed using Python and C++ programming languages.

Recent statistics report that more than 3.7 million new cases of cancer occur in Europe yearly, and the disease accounts for approximately 20% of all deaths. High-throughput screening of cancer cell cultures has dominated the search for novel, effective anticancer therapies in the past decades. Recently, functional assays with patient-derived ex vivo 3D cell culture have gained importance for drug discovery and precision medicine. We recently evaluated the major advancements and needs for the 3D cell culture screening, and concluded that strictly standardized and robust sample preparation is the most desired development. Here we propose an artificial intelligence-guided low-cost 3D cell culture delivery system. It consists of a light microscope, a micromanipulator, a syringe pump, and a controller computer. The system performs morphology-based feature analysis on spheroids and can select uniform sized or shaped spheroids to transfer them between various sample holders. It can select the samples from standard sample holders, including Petri dishes and microwell plates, and then transfer them to a variety of holders up to 384 well plates. The device performs reliable semi- and fully automated spheroid transfer. This results in highly controlled experimental conditions and eliminates non-trivial side effects of sample variability that is a key aspect towards next-generation precision medicine.

As technology advances and System on Chip (SoC) become more complex, more and more embedded memories are packed inside the SoCs to cater the system requirements. Probability of malfunctioning of the device infield due to soft or hard defects in these memories and associated circuitry increase proportionally as well. As a result, in addition to testing and screening the product during manufacturing stage, the need for in-field testing of the memories has become critical to address Functional Safety (FuSa) requirements in mission critical industries such as automotive, medical and Artificial Intelligence (AI). In general, on most SoCs, Error Correcting Code (ECC) or parity checking schemes are implemented to detect and correct the error during memory access. Ensuring the correctness of the ECC operation in-field is also a safety critical requirement. This paper describes the methodology adopted for testing of embedded memories in safety critical SoCs and to verify the ECC logic in-filed with minimal hardware. In this proposed methodology, hardware and software system infrastructure is developed around industry standard memory test embedded instruments (Memory Built-In Self-Test controller and associated logic) to enable memory self-test and ECC logic testing during in-field usage. This paper describes the methodology adopted for testing of embedded memories in safety critical SoCs and to verify the ECC logic in-filed with minimal hardware. In this proposed methodology, hardware and software system infrastructure is developed around industry standard memory test embedded instruments (Memory Built-In Self- Test controller and associated logic) to enable memory self-test and ECC logic testing during in-field usage.

This paper reviews the patented control method of preventing the electromangnetic interference from NFC antenna to touchpad sense lines efficirntly. The NFC antenna was integrated under the touchpad by implementing NFC_radio_active signal from the NFC module to the touchpad sensor controller IC. The conventional control method required fine-tuning of the touchpad sensor firmware was required to detect and learn the NFC antenna trace in order to prevent this electromagnetic interference.

The advent of voice based digital assistants has made life simpler for the current generation. Devices such as Amazon Echo and google home assists humans to perform user instructed actions from the comfort of their couch. Utilizing interfaces such as speakers and microphones, the voice based assistants accept and process the voice commands using Host Application Processor (AP). However, these devices turned out to be a victim of cyber-crime attacks, when connected to the network. By rooting into the AP, the attacker can manipulate the speaker or microphone and gain the samples of user’s audio data. In this research, a secure subsystem for voice based devices has been developed to prevent eavesdropping of audio samples. The secure subsystem contains an I2S and AES controller, where the audio data captured by I2S is encrypted using AES engine. The encrypted audio data is loaded into the application space, ensuring the confidentiality. The playback of audio data is performed in reverse fashion. The results of the developed subsystem corroborate the integrity and security of audio data during encryption and decryption.